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Evolution of Stem Cell Research 20042009 A Citation Analysis Perspective Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn, Germany Dangzhi Zhao, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Fairly consistent overall structure over time (three twoyear time slices) Central arc of stem cell research areas dealing with (potential) medical applications About half: regenerative medicine areas / half: cancer medicine areas Usually bridged by: haematopoiesis ; vascular growth Bottom: Neural stem cell research separated off Adult neurogenesis is largest area Bottom: stem cell biology / biotechnology group of research areas separated out Arc of small factors connects to central medical applications arc (imported areas?) Cell cycle related areas on cancer side Cell matrix interaction areas on regenerative medicine side Overall Structure Identified Methodology: Author Cocitation Analysis of SC Research Wellestablished method in information science adapted to analysis of biomedical fields Analysis of similarities in citation patterns for highly cited SC researchers The more intellectually similar two researchers’ main contributions to a field … the more publications in the field will cite papers by both authors Visualizations are direct representations of multivariate factor analyses of exclusive allauthor cocitation matrices Connect authors with their (main) subfields of research impact –> automatic layout In addition, node sizes represent impact on the field (citedness in literature) Evolution studied via three time slices: SC publications of 2004/05, 2006/07, & 2007/08 Major Developments Identified Failure of initial attempt to unify SC field under the idea of Stem Cell Plasticity Emergence of the Cancer Stem Cell concept Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell breakthrough

Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004 2009 A Citation ... · Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009 ‐A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐ Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn,

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Page 1: Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004 2009 A Citation ... · Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009 ‐A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐ Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn,

Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009‐ A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐

Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn, GermanyDangzhi Zhao, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

• Fairly consistent overall structure over time (three two‐year time slices)• Central arc of stem cell research areas dealing with (potential) medical applications 

• About half: regenerative medicine areas /  half: cancer medicine areas• Usually bridged by: haematopoiesis ; vascular growth

• Bottom: Neural stem cell research separated off• Adult neurogenesis is largest area

• Bottom: stem cell biology / biotechnology group of research areas separated out• Arc of small factors connects to central medical applications arc (imported areas?)

• Cell cycle related areas on cancer side • Cell matrix interaction areas on regenerative medicine side

Overall Structure Identified

Methodology: Author Co‐citation Analysis of SC Research

• Well‐established method in information science adapted to analysis of biomedical fields• Analysis of similarities in citation patterns for highly cited SC researchers

• The more intellectually similar two researchers’ main contributions to a field• … the more publications in the field will cite papers by both authors

• Visualizations are direct representations of multivariate factor analyses of exclusive all‐author co‐citation matrices

• Connect authors with their (main) sub‐fields of research impact –> automatic layout• In addition, node sizes represent impact on the field (citedness in literature)

• Evolution studied via three time slices: SC publications of 2004/05, 2006/07, & 2007/08

Major Developments Identified

• Failure of initial attempt to unify SC field under the idea of Stem Cell Plasticity• Emergence of the Cancer Stem Cell concept• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell breakthrough

Page 2: Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004 2009 A Citation ... · Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009 ‐A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐ Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn,

Stem Cell Research 2004-2005 (Author Cocitation Analysis)

Stem Cell Research 2006-2007 (Author Cocitation Analysis)

Page 3: Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004 2009 A Citation ... · Evolution of Stem Cell Research 2004‐2009 ‐A Citation Analysis Perspective ‐ Andreas Strotmann, GESIS e.V., Bonn,

• Zhao, D., & Strotmann, A. (2011). Counting first, last, or all authors in citation analysis: A comprehensive comparison in the highly collaborative Stem Cell research field. Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(4),654‐676.

• Zhao, D. & Strotmann, A. (2010). Intellectual structure of Stem Cell research: A comprehensive author co‐citation analysis of a highly collaborative and multidisciplinary field. Scientometrics, 87(1), 115‐131.

• Strotmann, A., Zhao, D., & Bubela, T. (2010). Combining commercial and Open Access citation databases to delimit highly interdisciplinary research fields for citation analysis studies. Journal of Informetrics, 4(2), 194‐200.

• Strotmann, A., Zhao, D., & Bubela, T. (2009). Author name disambiguation for collaboration network analysis and visualization. Proceedings of The American Society for Information Science and Technology 2009 Annual Meeting, November 6‐11, 2009, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

References

• SSHRC Canada Standard Research Grant 2008‐2011• Gengcheng Guo, assistance in programming

Gradual Trends Identified

How well does this match your view of the field? Contact us: [email protected]

Acknowledgments

• While SC Plasticity did not unify field, we do observe a gradual increase in field cohesion• Central role of haematopoietic stem cells appears to fade from pure research and 

disperse into medical applications

Suggestive Details Identified

• Mesenchymal SC specialty evolves towards a focus on Cytotherapy• Neural SC development specialty evolves towards a focus on Retinal stem cells

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Legend: Visualization of Intellectual Structure of Stem Cell Research

• Square nodes: author cited highly in the stem cell literature 

• Circular nodes: stem cell research areas identified by factor analysis of 200x300 author cocitation matrix (hand labeled)• Foreground Links: specific contributions of author to research area  (Background: general contributions)• Link gray‐scale ~ loading of author on research area in factor analysis• Node sizes ~ number of citations• Node colors ~ research area (factor number)• Layout: automatic – Kamada‐Kawai algorithm as implemented in Pajek; some hand‐optimized label placement

Stem Cell Research 2008‐2009 (Author Cocitation Analysis)