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© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 3
Agenda
Service Provider Networks Overview
Access Network Evolution
Aggregation Network Evolution
Subscriber Access Protocol Evolution
Mobile Evolution - FMC
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 5
Access, Aggregation and Core
Core
Aggregation
Access
Access Network: network between local exchange and subscriber.
AKA Local Loop or First Mile
Local Exchange
Aggregation Network: aggregates access connections in a metropolitan area
Core Network: interconnects metropolitan areas
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 6
A More Classic View...
Access CoreAggregationBusiness
Corporate
Residential
STB
Access Node (AN) IP Edge
Terminates local loop
Located at access provider Central Office (CO)
AN varies based on Access technology
Gate toward an MPLS/IP service enabled network
May terminate subscriber L2 connection (retail services)
Can be EoMPLS PW termination
CPE
Customer Premises Equipment—typically a modem
Modem type varies with Access Technology
Can operate in routed or bridged mode
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 8
Access Core
Business
Corporate
Residential
STB
Access CoreAggregation
BusinessCorporate
STB
Aggregation
CoreAggregation
Business
Corporate
Residential
STB
Access
Application DataAccess Protocol
Access Network Technology
Aggregation Network Technology
Dial, ISDN, DSL, DOCSIS, PON, PTP,...
From ATM to Ethernet
From PPP to IP
Multiple Aspects of Subscriber Aggregation Evolution
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 10
Current Market Segmentation Between Access Technologies—Worldwide
DSL: major player; ~63.41% Share of World Wide Broadband Market
Major DSL Players by Regions: South and East Asia (~34.9%) Western Europe (~29.47%) North America (~10.75%)
Cable: 2nd most popular choice with ~20.4% share
Major Cable Players by Regions: North America (~50.89% share) Western Europe (~17.58%) Asia Pacific (~12.83%)
FTTx: 3rd with ~13.23% share
Major Players by Regions: Asia Pacific (~45.15%) South and East Asia (~39.52%) North America (~9.28%)
Source: http://www.point-topic.com
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 11
Total Broadband by TechnologyQ4 2007
DSL: lost ~0.35% market share
Cable: lost 1.55% market share
FTTx: gained ~2.44% market share withcustomer penetration increase of 22.6%
Q3 2010
Source: http://www.point-topic.com
Growth Trends Between Broadband Access Technologies—Worldwide
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 12
DSL Access Technologies Most commonly deployed Broadband access technology worldwide
Two hierarchies:
ADSL
(Asymmetric DSL)ADSL2 ADSL2+
VDSL
(Very High Speed DSL)VDSL2
Standard ITU-T G.992.1 ITU-T G.992.3 ITU-T G.992.5 ITU-T G.993.1 ITU-T G.993.2
L2 Protocol ATM ATM ATM ATM. Ethernet ATM, Ethernet
Speed (up to)8 Mbps DS
1 Mbps US
12 Mbps DS
1 Mbps US
24 Mbps DS
1 Mbps US
22 Mbps DS
13 Mbps US
100 Mbps DS
100 Mbps US
Reach (up to) (*) 3-5km 4.5 – 5.5 km 3-5km < 1.5 km< 3-5 km (LR-VDSL2)
Asymmetric: different speeds upstream/downstream
Symmetric: same speed in each direction
Residential Data Services
Business Data Services
Evolution of Asymmetric DSL
*Maximum reach before synch loss – speed rate (max reach) << maximum speed
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 13
The DSL EnemyThe Local Loop Reach
ADSL Technologies available bandwidth dramatically decreases after 2nd kilometer
VDSL has some gain over ADSL2+ for local loop lengths of less than a kilometer
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 14
Fibre to the Home, Curb, Building (FTTx) Moving Away from Copper Twisted Pair Lines
More Bandwidth, More Reach to Residential Users
Forecasted subscriber bandwidth demand will double in next 3 to 5
years
Applications are converging over a single
transport
Source: http://www.iec.org
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 15
FTTH Configurations
Point To Point Optical Networksaka PTP
Single fibre strand and laser dedicated to each user (household)
Passive Optical Networks aka PON
Fibre strand is split one or multiple times
Fibre and laser shared across multiple users (households)
Shared CO bandwidth
Free of copper from CO to subscriber household
OLT
Passive Optical Splitter
CO
OLT
CO
Fibre split up to 32 times
ONU ONU
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 16
PON Standards
BPON
(next gen. APON)GPON EPON or GEPON 10GEPON
Standard ITU-T G.983 ITU-T G.984 IEEE 802.3 ah IEEE 802.3 av
L2 Protocol ATM ATM/Ethernet/TDM Ethernet Ethernet
Speed (up to)1.2 Gbps DS
622 Mbps US
2.5 Gbps DS
1.25 Gbps US1 Gbps DS/US 10 Gbps DS/US
Reach (1:32 split)
20km 20km 10km-20km 10km-20km
BPON: Broadband PON
GPON: Gigabit PON
(G)EPON: (Gigabit) Ethernet PON
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 17
Fibre to the Home vs. Ethernet to the Home
Not all Ethernet To The Home (ETTH) Technologies run over Fibre links
Not all Fibre To The Home (FTTH) Technologies support Ethernet
ETTH ratification work mostly done by IEEE in 802.3ah
IEEE 802.3ah aka Ethernet on the First Mile (EFM)
Fibre to the
Home
Ethernet to the
Home
BPON
APON
GPON
EPON
GEPON
10GEPON
EoVDSL
EoHSDSL
EoPTP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 18
802.3ah—Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)
Objectives:
Define Operation Administration
and Maintenance (OAM)
tools for Ethernet Subscriber
Access Links
Provides physical layer
specifications for an ―ethernet-
based‖
subscriber access
OSI Model
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
MAC
OAM (Optional)
LLC
Higher Layers
Physical Layer
MAC
MII (MII and GMII)
100/1000 BaseLX10 FX10
GEPONEoVDSL
EoHSDSL
Higher Layers
Optical PDMOptical PDM
Copper PDM
MPCP: Multi Point Mac Control Prot
MII: Media Independent Interface
PDM: Physical Dependent Module
MPCPMac1 MacN...
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 19
EFM – Link OAM
Link monitoring
–basic error definitions for Ethernet so entities can detect failed and degraded connections
Fault signalling
–mechanisms for one entity to signal another that it has detected an error
Remote loopback
–used to troubleshoot networks, allows one station to put other station into a state whereby all inbound traffic is immediately reflected back onto link
OAM Discovery
–Discover OAM support and capabilities per device
Link OAM
Originally intended for monitoring first
mile link operations (connectivity)
Now adopted as a link monitoring tool
between any two directly connected
802.3 devices
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 20
Fibre Type Speed (Mbps) Reach
100BASE-LX10 100BASE-BX10
Single Mode
100 Mbps 10km
1000BASE-LX101000BASE-BX10
Single Mode
1 Gbps 10km
DSL Speed (Mbps) Reach
2BASE-TL SHDSL 2 – 5.69 2.7 Km
10PASS-TS VDSL 10 750 m
Speed (Mbps) Reach
1000BASE-PX10 1000 10km
1000BASE-PX20 1000 20km
Voice-Grade Copper (Category 1 - unshielded twisted pair) – over DSL
PTP: Long wavelength single and dual strand fibre
PON: Point-To-Multipoint fibre
2BASE-TL
10PASS-TS
copper
OLT
CO 100BASE-LX10 100BASE-BX10
1000BASE-LX10 1000BASE-BX10
fibre
1000BASE-PX101000 BASE-PX20
10km 20km
EFM—Physical Layer SpecificationsEFM Extends Ethernet Supported Physical Medias to Include:
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 22
Agenda for this Section
Aggregation Network Evolution—Broadband-Forum Case Study*
– TR-25
– TR-59
– TR-101
– TR-156
Ethernet in Aggregation Network– Native IP over Ethernet
– EoMPLS/IP => Ethernet Virtual Circuits (EVCs)
– Cisco EVC implementation
Architecting the IP Edge– Centralised vs. Distributed Architectures
– Single Edge vs. Multi Edge
ADSL Access
xDSL Access
Access Agnostic
* Most real-life deployments deviate or expand
over Broadband Forum Technical Reports
recommendations and guidelines
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 23
Broadband Forum—Provider Networks Segmentation POP
PointOfPresence
Broadband Forum Divides Networks Entities in Three Groups
Content Providers
ISP
Corporate Networks
Customer
PremisesNAP NSP
Network Access
Provider
Network
Service
ProviderProvides connectivity to Service Providers
Encompasses:
Access network (DSL or else)
Aggregation and core networks
Implements services:
Internet Connectivity
Business Access
Application specific content hosting
Handles authentication and address assignment
Can Be Same Operator
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 24
Broadband Forum Case StudyEvolution of the NAP Network
Three Technical Reports from Broadband Forum describe dynamic of how NAP network has evolved over years:
–TR-25 (1999)
–TR-59 (2004)
–TR-101 (2006)
(TR-156 (2008))
Evolution aspects addressed:
–From Best Effort to Service Aware
–From PPPoA to PPPoE to IPoE
–From ATM to Ethernet
Access Loop Technology: From DSL Specific to Access Agnostic
Content Providers
ISP
Corporate Networks
NAP NSPCustomer Premises
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 25
Once Upon a Time...TR-25
NAP core network can be ATM end to end or a combination of ATM and IP based interfaces toward NSPs (ATM VC terminated on a Broadband Access Server (BAS) in NAP)
PPP is subscriber access protocol with PPPoA stack
– ATM VC (typically PVC) required for each subscriber PPP session toward a NSP service
PPP can be terminated at NSP or inside NAP network depending on architecture
Content Providers
ISP
Corporate Networks
ATMoDSL ATM ATM or FR or IP
PVCPPP
PPPoA PPPoA/L2TP/IP
PPP PPP/IP
IP
BAS
L2TPPPP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 26
TR-25 Next Generation—TR-59
TR-25 Limitations:
Only supports fixed speed Best Effort connectivity—no Multi Service
–Subscriber Access rate set on DSLAM at installation time
Support for simultaneous Multi Provider access not Plug and Play
–TR-25 assumes PPPoA as Protocol stack to carry subscriber‘s PPP frames Provisioning of additional PVCs/DSL lines required in:
•Transparent ATM Core architecture, or
•If simultaneous Multi Provider access is required
Only supports ATM-based networks
TR-59 Introduces Efficient, QoS-Enabled, Multi Service Multi Provider Architectures
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 27
Bandwidth On Demand (BoD)
Ability of dynamically changing subscriber access rate.
Permits subscribers with a lower speed connection to temporarily increase their maximum bandwidth available –aka Turbo Button
BoD only decreases policing aggressiveness, does not guarantee bandwidth -> still BE delivery
QoS
Ability to offer differentiated traffic delivery services to different class of traffic (application) – jitter and latency control.
Enabler for a converged Voice, Video and Data Network
QoS on Demand Ability to dynamically change traffic delivery characteristics for individual applications
Many to Many Ability for multiple users using a *single* DSL line to access more than one Service Provider simultaneously
TR-59 Services
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 28
ATM, Eth, FR, POS
TR-59 Service Enablers
Adoption of PPPoE, as replacement of PPPoA, as subscriber access protocol
PPPoE can multiplex several PPP sessions over any point to point or multipoint transport
– Each End Client Station can start PPP session (CPE in bridged mode)
– => Simultaneous Multi Provider access supported
– PPPoE session can also be started by CPE (CPEin routed mode)
PPPoA still supported
Mandatory presence of a subscriber aggregationdevice with routing and QoS capabilities
Formalised presence of BAS in all supported architectures
BAS becomes BRAS: Broadband Remote Access Server
BRAS can aggregate at IP level (PPP session terminated) or at PPP level (PPP session forwarded)
BRAS is injection point for per subscriber policy management and IP QoS => ATM Depth limited
IP
ATMoDSL ATMMax 2 hops incl. DSLAM
PPPoE
PPPoA
OR
PPP
L2TP, VPN, Vlan
Aggregation
ATM
* Use of IPoEoA as for RF C2684 also alluded
BRAS
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 29
From TR-59 to TR-101From ATM to Ethernet
Supports same set of services as TR-59 architectures
Optimised multicast distribution and QoS in aggregation network
From BRAS to Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) at IP Edge
From Single IP Edge to Dual IP Edge (service segregation: HSI vs. Video)
From ATM OAM to Ethernet OAM (CFM: 802.1ag)
TR-101 Outlines How an ATM Network Can Be Migrated to an Ethernet-Based Aggregation Network
Highlights
ATM Ethernet
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 30
Point to Cloud Service Access: Reduced Provisioning Cost
Supports distributed Service Insertion (―Multi Edge‖)
Virtualised Layer-2 Services (with VLANs)
Flexible Transport for many Services (well suited for 3Play—Efficient Mcastdistribution with IGMP Snooping)
Highly Scalable Data-Plane (10GE and beyond)
ATM to Ethernet Migration Drivers
EthernetATM
Point to Point: High Provisioning Costs; Linear with number of users
Centralised Service Insertion: Optimised for Internet Access; Inefficient Routing and Multicast distribution
Data-Plane Scalability limits: Low-speed ATM uplinks from CO (typically STM-1), STM-4 handoff to Core
Ethernet
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 31
IP
Aggregation
Access Technology ATM o DSL ATM o DSLEFM for DSL(EoVDSL or EoHSDSL)
EFM for DSL(EoVDSL or EoHSDSL)
Subscriber Access Protocol
IP PPP IP PPP
First time introduction of Ethernet as L2 Protocol over DSL
DSLAM becomes Ethernet DSLAM
Ethernet
TR-101 defines support for following protocol stacks at local loop
DSL
ATM
RFC2684
Ethernet
IP
DSL
ATM
RFC2684
Ethernet
IP
PPPoE
PPP
DSL
Ethernet
IP
DSL
Ethernet
IP
PPPoE
PPP
Other supported protocol stacks are
PPPoA
IPoA
Access Technology Dependent
Protocol Stack
Subscriber Access Protocol Dependent
Protocol Stack
Ethernet as Local Loop Access Technology
BNG
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 32
Ethernet at Local Loop Physical Layer
IP
Aggregation
DSLAM becomes Ethernet DSLAM
Ethernet BNG
TR-156 adds support for following protocol stacks at local loop
802.3 PHY
Ethernet
IP
802.3 PHY
Ethernet
IP
PPPoE
PPP
Access Technology Ethernet Ethernet
Subscriber Access Protocol
IP PPP
Access Technology Dependent
Protocol Stack
Subscriber Access Protocol Dependent
Protocol Stack
First time introduction of an 802.3 physical layer at the Local Loop
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 33
Local Loop Vlan Models
Multi-VC DSL UNI One PVC per service
UNI: User
Network
Interface
Video VC
Data VC
Voice VC
Single VC DSL or Ethernet UNI Single connection per all service
Video Data Voice
VLAN Tagged, priority taggedor untagged
based on RG capabilities
Trunk UNI
Non Trunk UNI
untagged
Local loop supports multiple subscriber service to VC (or ethernet link) mapping models
IP
Aggregation
BNG
UNI
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 34
IP
Aggregation
BNG
Aggregation Network Architectures
Subscriber isolation is accomplished by:
–Using VLANs (single and double tagging)
–DSLAM filtering capabilities
–Aggregation network filtering capabilities (split horizon forwarding)
Several VLAN architectures are available for aggregation network
–1:1 Vlan Model
–N:1 Service Vlan
–N:1 Shared Vlan
Access Node as an 802.1ad Provider Edge Bridge
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 35
Aggregation Network Architectures1:1 Vlan Model
Subscriber and Services (if any) must be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags
Typically uses dual tagging:
–Outer vlan tag represents subscriber (or DSLAM); cannot be reused in aggregation network
– Inner vlan tag represents customer service (or Port)
DSLAM
Subscriber 1
(Multi VC)
Subscriber 2
(Single VC or Ethernet Link)
Subscriber1 traffic for voice, video and data
Subscriber2 traffic for voice, video and data
Vlan associated to subscriber‘s port => outer vlan tag
Customer service VLANs
Inner vlan tag
untagged
Alternatively customer services could be identified by different priority markings in outer tag (no inner tag)
VLAN use similar to ATM, i.e. Point To Point VC, i.e. configuration intensive
Multicast replication inside Single BNG, not inside Ethernet Aggregation Network
Multi-homing to two or more BNGs complex, additional configuration across aggregation network
Good for p2p business services; less ideal for Triple-Play Services
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 36
Aggregation Network Architectures1:1 Vlan Model
DSLAM
Subscriber 1
(Multi VC)
Subscriber 2
(Single VC or Ethernet Link)
Vlan associated to DSLAM port
untagged
Vlan associated to DSLAM
Outer VLAN tagging at first aggregation switch—DSLAM port vlan becomes inner vlan
All DSLAMs configured alike—unique vlan per each port, vlan reused across DSLAM
Limited functions at DSLAM -> reduces equipment costs and resources management
Most common deployment of 1:1 VLAN model
Subscriber and Services (if any) must be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags
Typically uses dual tagging:
–Outer vlan tag represents subscriber (or DSLAM); cannot be reused in aggregation network
– Inner vlan tag represents customer service (or Port)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 37
Aggregation Network ArchitecturesN:1 Vlan Model—Service Vlan
Requires that Services (one or more) can be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags
Typically single tagging is used for subscriber traffic:
–Vlan tag represents customer service
DSLAM
Subscriber 1
(Multi VC)
Subscriber 2
(Single VC or Ethernet Link)
voice, video and data for subscriber1 and 2
Service Vlans
Tagged, Priority tagged
untagged
Simpler provisioning (per service vs. per subscriber(/service))
Multiple injection points per VLAN possible
Multicast replication within access/aggregation
Network Elements take care of subscriber L2 isolation through ‗split horizon forwarding‘
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 38
Aggregation Network ArchitecturesN:1 Vlan Model—Shared Vlan
All service and subscribers carried over same Vlan
Single tagging is used for subscriber traffic:
DSLAM
subscriber1 and 2 traffic tagged using same vlan. Different priority tags can be used to differentiate class of traffic
Note. In a multi VC model priority tags must also be used in downstream direction to determine subscriber‘s VC
Subscriber 1
(Multi VC)
Subscriber 2
(Single VC or Ethernet Link)
Tagged, untagged or
priority tagged
untagged
Simplest provisioning
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 39
Residential Services and VLAN Models
Traffic Type Vlan Model Access Protocol
High Speed Internet (HSI) unicast 1:1, N:1 IPoE, PPPoE
Voice over IP (VoIP) unicast, multicast N:1 IPoE, (PPPoE)
Video on Demand (VoD) unicast N:1 IPoE, (PPPoE)
Broadcast IPTV multicast N:1 IPoE
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 40
Dual Edge
A ―Video BNG‖ inserted to specifically handle video services–Typically implemented with an N:1 vlan model to take advantage of Ethernet multicast replication
(IPoE only)
Second BNG implements subscriber management functions–Can use a 1:1 or a N:1 vlan model
TR101 introduces concept of a Dual Edge, opening doors to Service Specific Edge devices in Multi Edge architectures
IP
BNG
Dual Edge
Content
FarmTV
Video BNG
Service Segregation
Applications with specific requirements (like video) best optimised if separated from other types of traffic
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 41
Going Beyond TR-101
An alternative way of implementing segregation of Ethernet traffic (WT-145)
EoMPLS/H-VPLS -> EVCs*
How Many Edges?
Centralised vs. Distributed architectures
What’s Next?
IP Sessions (WT-146), IPv6 and Intelligent Edge
* EVCs: Ethernet Virtual Circuits
TR-101 Captures Key Evolution Aspectsof Broadband Aggregation Networks
Aggregation Network Technology–From ATM to Ethernet:
Native IP/Ethernet Physical transport
VLAN based subscriber/service segregation
Edge Architecture Models:
–Single Edge -> Dual Edge
Subscriber Access Protocol
–PPPoE -> IPoE
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 42
Point to Cloud Service Access (*)
Supports distributed Service Insertion (―Multi-Edge‖)*
Flexible Transport for many Services (well suited for 3Play—Efficient Multicast distribution with IGMP Snooping)
Virtualised Layer-2 Services (with VLANs)
Control Plane Resiliency: Requires STP or special solutions with constrained topologies
Additional Support of: Mobile RAN, Legacy
ATM/FR/TDM with L2TPv3
Point to Cloud and Point to Point Service Access
Allows different or common Administrative Domains
Supports virtualised Layer 2 and 3 services thru MPLS VPNs (EoMPLS and H-VPLS -> EVC)
Pseudo Wire (PW) used to transport Layer 2 domain across MPLS/IP network
Supports Traffic Engineering; Fast Restoration
Efficient Mcast, natively (PIM) or with mcast MPLS
Additional Support of: Mobile RAN, Legacy ATM/FR/TDM with MPLS AToM
Layer 2 Layer 2Layer3 Layer3
EVCs
Layer 2 – Bridged EthernetIEEE 802.1q / 802.1ad
Layer 3 – MPLS EoMPLS/ H-VPLS (EVCs)
802.1Q802.1ad
Ring
Hub and Spoke
Overlay p2p transport
* With IPoE
Architecting the Aggregation NetworkSubscriber Ethernet Transport Technologies
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 43
802.1Q [10]
802.1Q [10]
IPoE TV, VoD
HSI IP/PPPoE
IPoE TV, VoD
HSI IP/PPPoE
IPoE Voice
IPoE Voice
802.1Q [11]
802.1Q [12]
802.1Q [11]
802.1Q [12]
Shared Service VLANs, end to end significance HSI: Isolation for IPoE subscribers requires Private
Vlan deployment IPTV: IGMP Snooping implemented in aggregation
Node for optimised multicast replication
Aggregation Node BNGAccess Node Distribution Node
HSI: Isolation for IPoE subscribers requires Private VLAN deployment in aggregation network, orDedicated Service VLAN per Aggregation Node (1:1)
IPTV: IGMP Snooping implemented in aggregation network for optimised multicast replication
Aggregation Network
HSI: Subscriber line identity provided
by PPPoE line-id Tag or DHCP Op82
Residential Service Connectivity Overview
L2
Bridged Ethernet, N:1 Service VLAN
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 44
Aggregation Node BNGAccess Node Distribution Node
Aggregation Network
802.1Q [10]
802.1Q [10]
IPoE TV, VoD
HSI IP/PPPoE
IPoE TV, VoD
HSI IP/PPPoE
802.1Q [100]
Bridge domain 100
Ingress
POP TAG 10 symmetric
Ingress
POP TAG 10 symmetricIPoE Voice
IPoE Voice
802.1Q [11]
802.1Q [12]
802.1Q [11]
802.1Q [12]
EoMPLS PW (EVC)
Service VLAN, local significance
HSI: Bridge Domain with split horizon for all connected Access Nodes
IPTV/VoD: mapped to SVI running IP unicast
IPTV: IGMP/PIM implemented in aggregation Node for optimised multicast replication
HSI: EoMPLS (EVC), one pseudowire per Aggregation Node
IPTV: PIM implemented in aggregation network for optimisedmulticast replication
HSI: Subscriber line identity provided
by PPPoE line-id Tag or DHCP Op82
IngressPOP TAG 100 symmetric
Residential Service Connectivity Overview
L3
MPLS, N:1 Service VLAN
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 49
Centralised versus Distributed Single Edge versus Multi Edge
Aggregation Node (AgN)
MultiService Edge NodeApplication Specific Edge
Nodes
Voice TrafficVideo TrafficData Traffic
Edge systems are
concentrated in 1 or few IP
PoPs and are connected to
aggregation nodes via an
aggregation network
(existing HSI architecture)
Edge systems are
dispersed in many IP
PoPs closer to
subscribers and may
even be co-located with
aggregation nodes
All services destined to same
subscriber flow through one
edge system, forming an
integrated policy
enforcement point
Services destined to
same subscriber may be
handled by different
―service specific‖ edge
systems
Different
locations
Architecting the IP Edge
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 50
(*) Note: certain services may still be offered in a
centralised fashion to leverage existing architectures (HSI)
Broadband Architecture Models Putting everything together....
Cen
trali
sed
Dis
trib
ute
dSingle Edge Multi Edge
All AgNs in same aggregation network served by
same edge device regardless of customer service
All AgNs in same aggregation network served by
same edge location, but different edge device
based on customer service
AgNs in same aggregation network served by
different edge devices based on geography
AgNs in same aggregation network served by
different edge locations based on geography, and
different edge device based on customer service (*)
Taking it to
the extreme...
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 51
CPE BNG
Layer-2 Ethernet
L2 Pseudowire
IP or IPVPN
MPLS
Core Aggregation Access Edge
AN DISAGG
Voice
Internet
IPTV VOD
Distributed IPTV / VOD Injection
Centralised
HSI/VoIP
IPTV -> Mcast -> Optimal Replication -> DistributeVoD -> unicast – high BW -> Distribute for caching
HSI -> ucast, converges to Single Exit Point -> Centralise
(assumes no optimisation for OTT video)
VoIP -> ucast – low BW - Centralise
Multi Edge Service Injection example
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 52
CPE BNG
Layer-2 Ethernet
L2 Pseudowire
IP or IPVPN
MPLS
Core Aggregation Access Edge
AN DISAGG
Voice InternetIPTV/VoD
BNG
Distributed IPTV /
Voice / HSI Injection
HSI -> ucast, but optimised for OTT video -> caching and streaming -> DistributeIPTV -> Mcast -> Optimal Replication -> DistributeVoD -> unicast – high BW -> Distribute for caching
Caching and streaming
of OTT video
Caching and streaming
of managed video
Unicat Video
Traffic Offload!
Main Driver for
fully distributed
Architectures
Fully Distributed Service Injection example
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 53
Home
Traditional BNGCentralisedMulti-EdgeMostly PPPL2TP Based Wholesale
High Speed DataVoice
Carrier
Ethernet
ATM
Carrier
Ethernet
Home
New Gen BNG Carrier Ethernet Focus
Distributed FocusSingle Edge
Video EnabledIP Centric
VRF based wholesaleHigh Bandwidth / Sub
3-PlayPW-HE
Flexible BNG
placement
L2TPLNSLAC/
PTA
Flexible content
placement
Services
Yesterday/Today
Tomorrow
Services Architectures Evolution Summary
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 54
IP Edge Architectures ComparisonScalability Availability Operations
• Limited (number of users,call-setup-time bandwidth per user)
• Example: 2.7Mbps/User; 60k Users: Already requires 160 Gbps engine
• Large failure domain• Long time to re- establish
sessions after failure• Example: 100cps; 200k
Users: 33min to create allsessions
• Central Address Pool Management
• Centralised anagement• Requires per-user access
network provisioning for1:1 VLAN or ATM
• Scales with number of devices
• Small failure domain• Fast boot/recovery time
• Distributed Address Pool Management (Fragmentation)
• Distributed Management• No/Limited L2-access• Efficient Multicast &
Peer-to-Peer traffic
• Small failure domain• Fast boot/recovery time
• Scales with number of devices
• Central Address Pool Management (Pool per cluster)
• Centralised Management• Requires per-user access
network provisioning for 1:1 VLAN or ATM
Centr
alis
ed
Dis
trib
ute
dC
luste
red
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 59
Agenda for this Section
Review of PPP in Broadband Environments
Why PPP Is Getting Old
PPP vs. IP as Subscriber Access Protocol
Cisco BNG solutions
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 60
Appealing from a subscriber management perspective
Defined in RFC1661
What is PPP?
It‘s a Data Link protocol originally designed to operate over point to point serial links
Why is it special?
It natively embeds functionalities like:
– Keepalives
– Reliable link
– Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) negotiation
– Compression
– Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting
– Link aggregation and fragmentation
– Multi Protocol Support
– Peer address assignment
– ...more...
PPP
Point To Point Protocol (PPP)
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 61
BNG#sh pppoe session3 sessions in LOCALLY_TERMINATED (PTA) State3 sessions total
Uniq ID PPPoE RemMAC Port VT VA StateSID LocMAC VA-st Type
1 1 aabb.cc01.f420 Et0/3.21 21 Vi2.1 PTA aabb.cc01.f630 VLAN: 21 UP
3 2 aabb.cc01.f520 Et0/3.21 21 Vi2.2 PTA aabb.cc01.f630 VLAN: 21 UP
5 3 aabb.cc01.f620 Et0/3.21 21 Vi2.3 PTA aabb.cc01.f630 VLAN: 21 UP
PPP non anymore tied to Point to Point Serial links
First adopted in dial up applications, then extended to operate in broadband environments with introduction of PPPoA and PPPoE
PPPoA and PPPoE purpose is to emulate a point to point environment over broadband architectures
PPPoX enables per subscriber awareness on edge device(s) in a broadband network
G0/1.10
Aggregation network
Emulated
Point to Point
Links
There are 3
subscribers connected
through G0/1.10
PPP sessions
BNG
Multiple ―independent‖ sessions over same shared interface
PPP as Subscriber Access-Protocol
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 62
Client PC must be provisioned with PPPoE stack OR additional intelligence required @ CPE
- per subscriber configuration (e.g. authentication param)
- extra cost factor
Access Media partiality
MultiEdge Support challenging
Client/Endpoint requirements
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
Access Media Independence
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
Dial
DSL
802.11
FTTH
WiMAX Data BNG
Video BNG
RoutedCPE
Multi-Edge Support
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
Why PPP is aging …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 63
Ethernet
IP hdrPPPoE
PPP Payload
IP Services (QoS, etc.)
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
PPP session
Efficient Multicast Replication
IP session
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
Operational Simplicity
IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions
PPPoE setup
PPP setup PPP LCP PPP NCP
Mandates specialised functionalities for PPP session set up and tear down
Residential Access converged to all IP
PPP adds unnecessary overhead
Support for Multicast Multimedia applications (e.g. IPTV)
Why PPP is aging …
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 64
Service Deployment Requirement
InternetDSL/FTTH
InternetWiFi
InternetWiMAX
VoiceDSL/FTTH
IPTVDSL/FTTH
PPPSession
IPSession
Multi-Edge Support
Efficient Multicast Support
Native IP Services (QoS, etc.)
Leverage established Access Model
Leverage established Wholesale Model
Support Flexible Authentication Methods
Granular Session Health Monitoring
Support Variety of End-Points
Support Variety of Access Environments
IPv6 support
Service Deployment Requirements Overview
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 66
Coexistence of PPPoEoE and IP/DHCP based subscribers on same Ethernet port
Enables step-wise migration
Unified Session management provide seamless management
RADIUS based methods to authenticate and account IP/DHCP based subscribers
NAS port
Option 82
DHCP Authentication
DHCP Proxy and DHCP server support provide flexible IP address management options with local or remote IP pools
IP/DHCP Session Flexibility
IP based and VLAN based DHCP sessions enable support for 1:1 and N:1 VLAN models
RADIUS Portal
HTTP-R
Self-pro-visioning/ Selfcare
RADIUS / AAApush/pull
Per Sub/Service Accounting
Internet
SubscriberSessions
PPPoEoE
IPoE
DHCP
IP address Mgt.DHCP Server &
Proxy
PPP to IP/DHCP MigrationCisco Intelligent Edge
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 67
RADIUS
Self-pro-visioning/ Selfcare
Dynamic Wholesale Subscriber Sessions
PPPoEoE
IPoE
VLAN
Retailer B
Retailer C
Retailer A
VRF
L2TP
VPLS
VLAN VPWS
Retailer DStatically provisioned Bitstream Wholesale
VLAN VPLS
Flexible Wholesale Services OptionsDynamic and Manually Provisioned
Comprehensive set of Wholesale Options:
Static
Manually/NMS provisioned
VLAN based transport via VPLS and VPWS based
Dynamic
Auto-Provisioned via RADIUS
PPPoE: L2TPv2 LAC
IP/DHCP : VRF Based IP Wholesale
VLAN based transport via VPLS and VPWS on selected platforms
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 68
Multiservice Capabilities Integration Multi-Service capabilities side-by-side same port
(*) Future, on
selected
platforms
IP, IPVPN, Any-Any
ETH Pt-Pt, Pt-MPt, MPt-MPt
IPoE Session
GE
10GE
40GE (*)
100GE (*)
L3PE
L2PE
IP/DHCP
PPP Sessions PTA/LAC
Service
Access
Function
Routing
H-QoS
AAA
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 69
• Carrier Ethernet plus Subscriber Awareness for Residential, Business convergence
• Very High Throughput per sub
• Subscriber Aware/ Dynamic IP services
• Focused on Ethernet/FTTH/3-play
• Distributed Ethernet BNG and LAC/LNS
• Positioned for Integrated services; per subscriber FW, DPI, and SBC without Service Blades
Cisco 7600
Cisco
ASR 1000
Cisco 10000Cisco
7200/7301
New entry
Cisco BNG Enabled Platforms
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 70
Video Enabled Subscribers
Unsurpassed Multicast Scale / Efficiency
Reliable System-Wide H-QoS
Inherent Video Intelligence
Resilient Video Delivery
Converged PlatformBNG
Residential Service Termination +
Business L2VPN +
Business L3VPN +
Video Transport +
Mobile Backhaul +
Internet Peering
Logical MD Scale
128k sessions + 64k EFPs +
64k PWs + 128k MACs +
1M routes + 4k VRFs + 10k L2TP
tunnels….
ALL ON ONE BOX!!!!
Physical Scale
440Gbps Capable Slots
Multiple 100G Intefaces per Slot
16 24 36 10G Interfaces/Slot
ASR 9000 BNG Introduction
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 71
BNG
VoiceInternetIPTV/VoD Caching and streaming
of OTT video
Home
AAA / Policy Mgr.
Policy Engine
AAA
Video Control
Subscriber: Identity +
Profile
Multicast
Forwarding
CDS-TV
CDS-ISVideo
BNG
IGMP
Joins
CAC
BNG as central network
policy control point for Video
Covers Multicast and
Unicast
Phase 1:
IGMP Join to session
correlation for subscriber BW
management
Phase 2:
Call Admission Control for IPTV
channels
Phase 3:
Subscriber Session integration
with embedded Video Caching
and Streaming
The Video BNG vision
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 89
0
1,800,000
3,600,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
TB
/mo
Mobile Traffic will Increase 6X from 2011 to 2014,Video being the largest contributor
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index — Forecast, 2009–2014
7x Video Consumer IP
by 2014
Mobile Data to Grow at 125% CAGR 2009–
2014
Video is Nearly 66% of all Traffic
on Internet by 2014
Mobile Video
Mobile VoIP
Mobile Gaming
Mobile P2P
Mobile Web/Data
Global IP Traffic Growth
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 90
Bu
sin
es
s P
erf
orm
an
ce
Mobile Access Evolution and IP Infrastructure Impact
IP Insertion
Voice and
Data
Mobile Internet
Broadband
Mobile
Voice Traffic Dominates
Mobile Internet Dominates
Users/Sessions
Traffic
RevenueTDM
Infrastructure
Driving New Challenges for SPs
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 91
Decreasing revenue per bit drives demand for decreased cost per bit
Operators need to reduce investment in legacy technologies ATM / TDM
Industry clearly moving towards IP-based solutions
Support of legacy circuit networks over packet broadband is becoming viable
Dark Fibre
SONET/SDH
SS7 MSCBTS
RNC SGSN IPMGW
ATM
GGSNPDSN
GRX
FR
Multiple Layers
DWDM/Dark Fibre
IP/MPLS
SS7 MSCBTS RNC GGSNSGSN PDSNMGW GRX
Collapsed Transport
Impact on Backhaul Transport
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 92
All Radio Technologies Leading to IP…
3G
4G
2G
HSPA
EVDO
CDMA
GSM
WCDMA
EdgeLTE
WiMAX
IP
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 93
CDMA (3GPP2 Track)
GSM (3GPP Track)
IS95B 1xRTT1xEV-DO
Rev 0
IS136GSM/
PCSGPRS
EDGE
UMTS
(HSPA)
2G 2.5G 3G
3G2.5G
Circuit Circuit/Packet Packet
IS95A
2G1xEV-DO
Rev A
cdmaONE cdma2000
2.75G
LTE/SAE
4G
UMB
4G
(defunct)
Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 94
Mobile
Generation
Mobile
Technology
Base Station
access
interface
Tower access Native Backhaul
Network
Controller
Access
2/2.5G GSM/GPRS/TDM
A/CDMA
Abis TDM (E1/T1 or
NxDS0)
PDH/SDH TDM (chOCx)
3G UMTS(Rel99) Iub ATM/ATM IMA
(NxPVCs)
ATM ATM/ATM IMA
(NxMxPVCs)
3G/4G EVDO, UMTS
(Rel5), LTE
Iub/Abis Ethernet/IP (GE)
PPP/IP - EVDO
IP/MPLS/Ethernet Ethernet/IP
(GE/10GE)
GSM/
CDMA
UMTS
Rel99
UMTS Rel5,
EDVO,LTE
BSC
RNC
R99
RNC
R5
Backhaul
E1/T1 or NxDS0
ATM/ATM IMA
chOCx
ATM/ATM IMA
GE 10 GE
IP
core
Mobile Backhaul Network
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 95
Technology Generation Standard Uplink (Kbps) Downlink (Kbps) Backhaul
GSM 2 3GPP 1 1 T1/E1
CDMA 2 3GPP2 1 1 T1/E1
GPRS 2.5 3GPP 85 85 T1/E1
EDGE 2.5 3GPP 125 125 T1/E1
1xRTT 2.5 3GPP2 100 100 T1/E1
UMTS R99/R4 3 3GPP 384 384 ATM IMA
HSDPA R5 3 3GPP 384 14,400 IP/MPLS
HSDPA R6 3 3GPP 5,720 14,400 IP/MPLS
HSPA+ R7 3 3GPP 11,200 28,000 IP/MPLS
EV-DO R0 3 3GPP2 154 246 IP/MPLS/MLPPP
EV-DO RevA 3 3GPP2 1,800 3,100 IP/MPLS
EV-DO RevB 3 3GPP2 1,800 4,900 IP/MPLS
WiMAX (10MHz) 4 IEEE 802.16 10,000 30,000 IP/MPLS
LTE R8 (20MHz) 4 3GPP 50,000 144,000 IP/MPLS
Mobile Transport Technologies Evolution
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 96
Broadband Mobile
Access Evolution ATM -> Ethernet DSLAMs TDM/ATM -> Ethernet Base Stations
Aggregation Evolution ATM -> Ethernet ATM/TDM -> Ethernet
Broadband(Fixed)/Mobile Evolution synergies
TD
MA
TM
ATM
Circuit Network
IP/Eth
Packet Network
Eth
Circuit
Centric
Packet
Centric
L2/L2 VPN
L3/L3 VPN
EthL2/L2
VPNL3/L3 VPN
SONET
TD
MA
TM
Eth
GPRS
UMTS
HSDPA
LTE
3G
4G 4G
3G
Mobile Transport Technologies Evolution
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 97
3
G
P
P
B
B
F
eNodeB Agg PGW
AN Agg BNGHDTV
PCRF
BCRF
AAA
AAA
3
G
P
P
B
B
F
eNodeBAgg PGW
AN Agg BNGHDTV
PCRF
BCRF
AAA
AAA
MAG
S2aPMIPv6
LMA
Today Target (*)
BNG get mobile subscriber
Credentials and QoS profile through AAA/BCRF
Requires QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BBF
Mobile Service access through BBF BNG
No IP session persistency
BNG responsible of selective traffic steering towards user session anchor
May require QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BBF
IP Session Persistency when roaming
Requires a network-based mobility management protocol such as PIMIPv6 (RFC5213)
Mobile connects through WLAN. Assume dual-mode support (3-4G + Wifi)
(*) futureFixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)Access Offload
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 98
Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)Network and Content Offload
BNG is responsible of selective traffic steering towards user session anchor
May require QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BB
IP Session Persistency when roaming
Selected IP Traffic Offload on Offload Gateways (OGW)
Applies to Fixed and Mobile architectures
3
G
P
P
B
B
F
eNodeB Agg PGW
AN Agg BNGHDTV
PCRF
BCRF
AAA
AAA
MAG
S2aPMIPv6
3
G
P
P
B
B
F
eNodeB Agg PGW
AN Agg BNGHDTV
PCRF
BCRF
AAA
AAA
OGW
OGW
Access (*) Network and Content (*)
(*) future
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 99
Home
Unified Gateway System
handling residential and
bandwidth heavy mobile
traffic
Unified Control Plane for
Mobile and Wireline
Video Solution for
Mobility and Wireline
Policy tie-in with Cisco
Mobile Systems
AAA / Policy Mgr./
PCRF
Policy Engine
AAA
Video Control
Subscriber: Identity + Profile
OGW
CDS-TV
CDS-IS
OGW BNG
MPC
Internet
Core
Vision: Video enabled FMC of BNG and OGW
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 100
Internet
SGi
Central
PGW
Internet traffic offload
over SGi
MME
eNB
S11
S1-U
S1-MME
eNB
Call Localisation
CGF OCS PCRFLIG HSS
GxS6aGy/Ga
OGW
Addressing, Policy, QoS, Accounting
(GTPv2, Diameter, Gz/Rf Accounting)
S5
Femto, WiFi
Agg/
Backhaul
Video Offload
Vision: Video enabled FMC Architecture
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 101
―Broadband‖ has come a long way…
Best Effort
High-Speed Internet
(BB-F TR-25)
High-Speed Internet
Plus QoS for bundled
Services
(BB-F TR-59)
3-Play
High-Capacity,
Rich Media Services
BB-F TR-101
BB-F WT-146
Carrier Ethernet
IPv6
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
Fixed and
Mobile
Convergence
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 102
Scalability Reaching millions of subscribers over high speed connections
Next Gen Access Technologies
Cost Effectiveness Providing high-capacity services at low cost Ethernet
Flexibility Adding new services seamlessly IP
Address Space scalability Any appliance access to the internet IPv6
Subscriber and service awareness
Subscriber Identification and personalisationof services
L2 and L3 access control
Broadband Challenges…
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 103
GlossaryAcronyms
AAA Accounting Authentication Authorisation
AgN Aggregation Node
AN Access Node
ANCP Access Node Control Protocol
ADSL Asymmetric DSL
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BNG Broadband Network Gateway
BoD Bandwidth on Demand
BPON Broadband PON
BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server
CO Central Office
CMTS Cable Modem Termination System
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DS Down Stream
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
EoMPLS Ethernet over MPLS
ETTH Ethernet To The Home
EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit
FRR Fast Restoration
FSOL First Sign Of Life
FTTC Fibre To The Curb
Acronyms
FTTH Fibre To The Home
FTTN Fibre To The Node
FTTP Fibre To The Premises
FTTx Fibre To The x
GPON Gigabit PON
(G)EPON (Gigabit) Ethernet PON
IPoE IP over Ethernet
IPTV IP Television
HA High Availability
HSI High Speed Internet
H-VPLS Hierarchical VPLS
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISG Intelligent Services Gateway
ISP Internet Service Provider
L2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol
LAC L2TP Access Concentrator
LNS L2TP Network Server
LR-VDSL2 Long Reach VDSL2
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching
NAP Network Access Provider
NAS Network Access Server
NSP Network Service Provider
OLT Optical Line Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
PIM Protocol Independent Multicast
Acronyms
PON Passive Optical Network
PoP Point of Presence
PPP Point to Point Protocol
PPPoA PPP over ATM
PPPoE PPP over Ethernet
PTA PPP Aggregation and Termination
PTP Point To Point
PW Pseudo Wire
QoS Quality of Service
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RT Remote Terminal
SP Service Provide
TAL Transparent Auto Logon
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TE Traffic Engineering
TR Technical Report
UBR Universal Broadband Router
US Upstream
VDSL Very High Speed DSL
VoIP Voice over IP
VoD Video on Demand
VPLS Virtual Private LAN Services
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRF Virtual Routing Forwarding
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 105
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