PLANT

ADAPTATIONS TO LIFE ON LAND

Moss ability to draw up water by osmosis have to live in wet, terrestrial environments rhizoids securely anchor plant to the ground alternation of generations

Ferns

can thrive with little light leaves covered with waxy coating to prevent water loss vascular tissue moves materials to and from cells vascular tissue also provides ferns stems with some ridgity, allowing leaves to grow tall and receive light

Gymnosperms xylem and phloem vascular tissues conduct water and nutrients up tree Roots absorb water and dissolved nutrients from soil stems hold plant leaves to sun photosynthesis Pollination

Angiosperms

fruits aid in dispersal of seeds by wind or by animals that carry/eat fruit seeds enable plant embryos to be dispersed long distances from parent to animal seeds protect & nourish plant embryos, fruits protect seeds flowers attract animal pollinators carrying pollen from other plants of same species male gametophytes in pollen grain can be transported far away by wind or by animal pollinators