Evolution: Isn't Evolution Just a Theory?

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Carolus Linnaeus, 1735 Georges Buffon, 1749 Erasmus Darwin, 1749 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, 1809

2nd to classify organisms based on

their _________traits

Proposed that species shared

________________ancestors

Proposed that more complex life forms

arose from _______ complex life forms

less

Proposed that changes in an

environment caused changes in

________________organisms

CATASTROPHISM GRADUALISM UNIFORMITARIANISM

Theory proposed by _______________________.

States that ______________________________ such as ___________ and _______________________________ have shaped ________________ and caused species to become ___________________ in the process.

CATASTROPHISM

Georges Cuvier

Natural disastersfloods

volcanic eruptionslandforms

extinct

GRADUALISMTheory proposed by ______________________.

States that the changes in landfoms resulted from ___________________ that had occurred over a long period of time.

Theory proposed by ______________________.

States that the changes in geologic processes that shape the Earth are uniform through time. __________________________________________________________________________________

UNIFORMITARIANISM

James Hutton

slow changes

Charles Lyell

The changes have happened in the past and are ONGOING!

TYPES OF FEET

CLAWEDWEBBED

PADDED HOOVED

TYPES OF BEAKS

FISH

NUTS FISH

INSECTS

COLORATION

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS

ADAPTATION ACTIVITY

BODY FAT AND THICK FUR

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1. It survives 2. It passes on his traits_______________ _______________________

1. It survives 2. It passes on its traits_______________ _______________________

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Natural Selection- process in which something in nature does the selecting of what will survive and what will not survive.

____________________ - ______________________________________

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Principles of NS

PREDATORS

WEATHER CONDITIONS

RESOURCE SHORTAGES

DISEASE

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Adaptations = traits

Traits = genes

Adaptations = genes

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______________________________

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1. A CHANGE IN THE DNA CODE

2. ARE NATURAL EVENTS

3. CAN BE A SOURCE FOR NEW TRAITS

4. THESE NEW TRAITS CAN BE ADAPTATIONS BECAUSE THEY MIGHT HELP THE ORGANISM SURVIVE IN ITS ENVIRONMENT

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BROWN COAT

TO WHITE COAT

The white deer is more easily seen by predators. It will most likely not survive and

reproduce.

BROWN COAT TO WHITE COAT

The brown rabbit is more easily seen by

predators. It will most likely not survive and

reproduce.

__________________

__________________

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Species – A group of living things that can breed

with others of the same species and

form ‘FERTILE’ offspring.

Fertile – being able to reproduce by

forming egg or sperm cells

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New species are formed by:

1. Animals within the same species are separated by a barrier, (water, mountains, etc).

a. They live apart for thousands of years with different living conditions.

2. Natural selection takes place within the two separate regions.

3. Individuals with the desirable traits for their specific environment survive and reproduce.

4. Over time the two groups can become different species as they develop different adaptations.

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_______________

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_________

1. Seed Eaters

2. Plant Eaters

3. Insect Eaters

4. Cactus Eaters

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HUMANS

COME

FROM

MONKEYS

OLD WORLD MONKEYS APES

Hamadryas baboon(Africa)

Patas monkey(Africa)

Congo Gorilla

NEW WORLD MONKEYS

Prehensile tails   (spider monkeys)  

Howler Monkey

•Have tails

•Nostrils Point Upwards

•Some have tails

•Nostrils Point Downwards

•No tails

PRIMATE EVOLUTION

PROSIMIANS

NEW WORLD MONKEYS

OLD WORLD MONKEYS

APES

HUMANS

40 MILLION 30 MILLION 10 MILLION

“Before Monkey”

10 MILLION YEARS AGO

APES

AUSTRALOPITHECUS

HOMO SAPIEN SAPIEN

HOMO SAPIEN

HOMO ERECTUS

HOMO HABILIS

Walked upright, very short. “Lucy”

Used tools, somewhat taller. Lived in Africa

Lived in Europe. Continental drift?

Neanderthal

Cave Drawings, This is us!

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Did humans evolve?Ardi

Hominid Skulls

What do the differences in the skull suggest?

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

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Virtual lab – Hominoid skulls

C

A

B

Supraorbital index : Using a metric ruler,

1. Multiply the value of BC by 100 ____

2. Divide the result by AC ____

Acurate measurements are taken to compare fossils.

•A line is drawn over the eye socket from front to back of skull

•A line is drawn under the eye socket from front to back of skull

•A line is drawn from the highest point on the top of skull to lower line.

What is the supraorbital index measuring? _____________________________Size of Brain / Intelligence

PRIMATE EVOLUTION

PROSIMIANS

NEW WORLD MONKEYS

OLD WORLD MONKEYS

APES

HUMANS

40 MILLION 30 MILLION 10 MILLION

“Before Monkey”

1. Remains of once-living things

2. Found in earth’s crust within sedimentary rock

Oldest Layer of Rock

Newest Layer of Rock

Simple Organisms

Complex Organisms

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__Body Comparisons__

___Fossils______________________________________________________

__Embryos_____________________

1. Body Structure

a. Bones: (Number of bones, Length of bones, etc)

b. Skulls: (Size of, Position of, Similarities of, etc)

2. Body Chemistry

a. DNA

b. Blood

Shows common traits in organisms which determine relationships/evolution

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______________

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Evolution from different

______________

of animals

Evolution within same _______________ of animals

Skulls of fossil HominidaeAustralopithecus robustus

Homo habilis & H. sapiens

Homo erectus Homo sapiens neanderthalis

CLASSESORDER

Structure of organisms

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____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

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1. The study of embryos

2. Show common ancestry

3. Show common traits

Which one is human?

How does evolution work

VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE - body part that no longer has a function appendix and pink lump in eye of humans

1. English __________________ who wrote the __________________________

2. Developed the ___________________________

3. Stated that evolution is a _______________ in the ______________ ______________ of a group of organisms over time.

Naturalist

Origin of the Species

Theory of Evolution

changehereditary features

Controversy

Charles Darwin traveled on the

HMS Beagle from England to the

____________________________

It is on these islands that

Darwin made his observations and

compiled __________________________________________

Galapagos Islands

evidence of the evolutionary

process.

1. _______________________: the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs.

________________________: Variation that occurs among members of different species

________________________: Variation that occurs among individuals of the same species.

2. _______________________: The feature(s) that allow an organism to better survive in its environment.

Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a _______________________________________.

Variation

Interspecific Variation

Intraspecific Variation

Adaptation

Population over time

1. LIVING THINGS OVERPRODUCE

2. THERE IS VARIATION AMONG OFFSPRING

3. THERE IS A STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE

4. NATURAL SELECTION IS ALWAYS TAKING PLACE

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Evolution: Why Does Evolution Matter Now?

1. COMPETITION: __struggle among living things to get their needs______________________________

2. EVOLUTION : _change in hereditary features in a group of organisms over time_________________

3. EXTINCT : _life-form that no longer exists_____________________________________________

4. FERTILE : ___can produce viable egg and sperm___________________________________

5. FOSSIL : __remains of once living things from the past_____________________________________

6. NATURAL SELECTION _something in a living thing’s surroundings will determine if it will survive__

7. NEW-WORLD MONKEY _tails that can grasp and nostrils that open upward__________________

8. OLD-WORLD MONKEY __cannot grasp with tails and have downward nostrils_________________

9. OPPOSABLE THUMB: _thumb that is positioned opposite of other fingers_________________

10. PRIMATE: _have eyes that face forward and thumbs that grasp_____________________________

11. SEDIMENTARY ROCK: _form from mud, sand and other fine particles___________________________

12. SPECIES: __group of living things that can produce fertile offspring__________________________

13. VARIATION: _a trait that makes an individual different from others of its species________________

14. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE: _body part that no longer has a function appendix and pink lump in eye of humans