Evolution = a change over time 

Evolution of Dance

In order for evolution to occur variation (changes) in genes such

as mutations, must exist

 

Organism’s genes change because of mutations—which can be

helpful, harmful, or have no effect.  

Charles Darwin

Scientist that is credited with proposing the theory

of evolution by the process of natural

selectionDarwin wrote a book on Evolution called On the Origin of Species

He traveled to the Galapagos Islands aboard

the Beagle where he formed many of his ideas

on Evolution

Natural Selection

Organisms better suited to their environment survive, reproduce and pass on their genes better than organisms not well suited to their environment

Natural Selection results in a change in gene frequency

Examples—Jellyfish Lake and PepperedMoths http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhpaqFya2pg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyRA807djLc

Kettlewell’s famous experiments with the peppered moth

illustrated how organisms adapt to their environment by the process of natural selection.

He observed that there were more dark moths than light moths in regions where soot covered the trunks of trees.

there were Also more light moths than dark moths in

regions where the tree trunks were light in color and not

soot covered.

AdaptationAn inherited characteristic that improves an

organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

• Examples– Finch beaks

– Birds of Paradise mating rituals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SB8UodV_DJg

Leaves Fruit &

Nuts

Insects

Uses a twig to dig insects out of tree bark

Seeds

Grubs

Adaptation Artistry

• Create a new and improved organism that is better suited to its environment. Draw a picture of your new organism and fit it with 3 NEW ADAPTATIONS. Describe how each of these adaptations allow it to be better suited to its environment

Evolution Notes....Part 2Let’s ReviewPeppered Moth Simulation http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf

Evolution = a change over time We focus on a change in GENES

Natural Selection Organisms better suited to their environment survive, reproduce and pass on their genes better than organisms not well suited to their environment

Adaptation An inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a

particular environment

Microevolution 1.Changes occur within a species2.Occur over a shorter amount of time3.More easily observedExamplesBacteria becoming immune to

antibiotics-superbugs!

Insects resistance to pesticides Weed resistance to herbicides

Macroevolution

1. Describes the formation of an entirely new species from an

existing species

2. Difficult to observe since it happens over a long period of time

—millions of yearsExample

Ape to man theory

Evidence used for Evolution:

1. Fossils – oldest evidence

Whale Bat Human

Cat

2. Homologous StructuresStructures that may show common ancestry

because they look similar

3. Vestigial Structures

Structures that organisms have, but do not need or use

Example Modern

Whales have a Pelvic Bone

4. DNA and Amino Acids• Determine the number of differences for

each organism compared to humans