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. Evolution.1 Evolution is a change in the
hereditary features of apopulation over time
.a adaptations aretraits that make organisms
better able to survive
.b mutations are the
source for new traits_
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. Ideas of the Time. :1 Georges Buffon suggested
.a the Earth is muchmore ,than 10 000 years
old
.b fossils were similarand different to living
animals
.2 Jean Baptiste Lamarckproposed inheritance ofacquired
characteristics
.a giraffe neckslengthen by stretching over
time.b mistaken
explanation_
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. The Voyage of CharlesDarwin.1 Charles Darwin voyaged
around the world on the HMSBeagle
.a gathered plant andanimal specimens
.b made observations on
the
Galapagos Islands
.c read about gradualgeological processes
that shape the Earth
.2 Wrote The Origin of Specieswhich explained his theory
of evolution _
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atural Selection.A The Origin of Species
.B Artificial Selection
.C Selection in Action
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. The Origin of Species.1 Descent with modification
.a organisms livingtoday descended from
ancestors
.b they accumulatedmodifications to diverse
ways of life_
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.2 Natural selection:somethingin the environment
determines if an organismwill survive to have
offspring
. -a overproduction moreorganisms are produced
than can survive. -b variations
different traits found ina population_Click
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. -c competitionstruggle to ,survive
compete over resources
. d survival of the-fittest only the strong,survive ,mate
andproduce offspring with
strong traits. -e speciation
evolution of specieswith adaptations_
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. Artificial Selection. :1 Artificial selection humans
determine if an organismwill survive to have
offspring
.a selective breedingof domesticated plants and
animals_
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. Selection in Action.1 Natural selection and
evolution can be observableevents
.a pesticide resistancein insects
.b the peppered moth ofManchester_
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vidence of Evolution.A Geological Evidence
.B Biological Evidence
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. Geological Evidence.1 Fossils
.a preserved remains ofonce living organisms( )extinct
. ,b footprint leaf,imprint ,bones insect
in sap_
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.2 Sedimentary rock
.a forms from layers of,mud ,sand other small
particles
.b fossils form inthese sediment layers
.c oldest in bottom,layers youngest in toplayers_Click
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. Biological Evidence.1 Similarities in development
.a comparison ofembryos
.b many animal embryoslook very similar
.2 Comparison of DNA
.a all organisms haveDNA
.b more similarorganisms have more
similar DNA_
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. -b analogous similarin function
)1 not inheritedfrom a common
ancestor
) :2 example wing of butterfly and
bird_
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. -c Vestigial no longer
has a function)1 inherited from
an ancestor
) :2 examplesappendix ,of human
wings of an ostrich_
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echanisms of Selection. - A Hardy Weinberg s Gene Pool
.B Genetic Drift
. &C Gene Flow Mutation
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. - Hardy Weinberg s Gene Pool.1 A gene pool consists of all
the alleles of all theindividuals in a population
.2 Microevolution is a changein a population s gene
pool_
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. - :3 Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
=no change in gene poolno evolution
.4 Changes in population can:arise by
.a Genetic drift
.b Gene flow
.c Nonrandom mating
.d Mutation
.e Natural Selection_
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. Genetic Drift.1 Genetic drift is a change
that occurs by chance in asmall gene pool
. -a bottleneck effect a( )disaster fire leaves
only a few to reproduce
. -b founder effect afew individuals
colonize an isolated( )area island _
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. Gene Flow and Mutation.1 Gene flow is due to
migration of fertileindividuals into or out of
a population
.2 Nonrandom mating includesinbreeding and theselection of mates
with
specific phenotypes.3 A mutation is a random
change in an organism s DNAthat creates a new allele
.a the original sourceof variation_
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he Evolution of Health.A Evolution of Sickle Cell
.B Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
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. Evolution of Sickle Cell.1 Sickle cell affects 1 in 25
in parts of Africa. ,a suffer pain organ,damage even death
.2 Individuals with one copy of( %)the gene 32 areresistant to
malaria_
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. Antibiotic ResistantBacteria.1 Antibiotics kill or slow
the
growth of bacteria.2 Resistance to antibiotics
evolves by naturalselection
. ( )a tuberculosis TB
.3 We must prevent the overuseof these drugs_
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