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Evidenced-Based Effective Strategies for Alcohol Related Injury
Intermediate Injury Prevention Course
Indian Health Service
Evidenced-Based Effective Strategies
Goal:
Understand effective strategies for reducing alcohol-impaired driving, alcohol policy, and deterrence.
Framework to Consider Impaired Driving Strategies
Reduce Driving in a Driving Society.
General Deterrence
Reduce Drinking in a Drinking Society.
Injury Prevention
Alcohol Policy Transportation Policy
Law Enforcement
Reduce the risk of injury when drinking and driving
happens.
Alcohol-Impaired Driving
The greatest number of motor vehicle injury hospitalizations occurred among Alaska natives aged 20-29
The motor vehicle injury hospitalization rate declined by 11.4 percent between 1991 and 2003
45% of all motor vehicle-related injury hospitalizations in Alaska were documented as alcohol-related
Impaired Driving Group Exercise
What Is the Goal of Impaired Driving Laws?
Is it only to arrest and punish impaired drivers?
What is deterrence regarding impaired driving and why is it Important?
Law Enforcement
Developing an atmosphere where people know that if you drink and drive, punishment will be,
Swift, Certain, and Severe
Alcohol-related Crashes
Fatal and NonfatalInjuries
•Minimum LegalDrinking Age Laws
•Server InterventionTraining
•Lower BAC Laws•Sobriety Checkpoints
AlcoholConsumption
Perceived Risk of Arrest
Social NormsRegarding
Drinking and Driving
Drinking andDriving
Conceptual Framework for Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes
Source: Shults RA, et al, reducing injuries to motor
vehicle occupants. AmJ Prev Med 2001;21 (66-87)
Seat Belts, Child Restraints
Effective Strategies for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Minimum Legal Drinking Age laws: Specify an age below which the purchase or consumption of alcohol beverages are not permitted
Research findings showed if the MLDA is raised, death and injury rates decline (avg. 16%) and if the MLDA is lowered, injury and death rates increase (avg. 10%).
Effective Strategies for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Server Intervention Training:
11 states have established training programs.
Requires intensive (4-6 hours), high quality training with active management support to be effective.
.08 Blood Alcohol Concentration Laws:
-All 50 states and the District of Columbia have .08 blood alcohol concentration laws.
-Lowers the BAC at which it is illegal to drive a motor vehicle from 0.10 g/dL to 0.08g/dL (0.08%).
-Alcohol-related fatal crash outcomes: -7% (-15% to -4%), 25 measures.
-It is estimated that 400 to 600 lives are saved each year because of 0.08% BAC laws.
Effective Strategies for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Lower Blood Alcohol Concentration for Young and Inexperience Drivers:
-Young drivers at 0.08 BAC= 24 times greater risk dying in a crash.
-Lower BAC Laws (“Zero Tolerance”): .02 BAC laws for young drivers estimated to reduce young driver deaths by up to 24%.
-All 50 states now have lower BAC laws for young drivers; Tribes could pass these as well.
Effective Strategies for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Effective Strategies for Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving
Sobriety Checkpoints: -At sobriety checkpoints, law enforcement officers systematically stop drivers to assess their level of
alcohol impairment.
-The goal is to deter alcohol-impaired driving by increasing driver’s perceived risk of arrest.
-Reduce alcohol-related crashes and deaths by 17-25%.
Administrative License Revocation Laws
Effective Sobriety Checkpoints
Public Awareness
High Visibility Enforcement
Media
Regular Checkpoints
Are Sobriety Checkpoints Legal
1990 US Supreme Court Decision Upheld Checkpoints
11 States Prohibit Checkpoints
Changing Social Norms
Designated DriverMADDSADDSobriety Pledges by Elected Officials
Promising, not Proven…
Alcohol Policy
Reduce Access to Alcohol.
Reduce Acceptance of Alcohol use.
Increase Availability and Access of Substance Abuse Treatment.
Alcohol Policy Considerations
Price: consumption of alcohol is very price sensitive.
Increase in taxes: significant impact on consumption, resulting in declines in alcohol-related injury, and alcohol-related problems
Tribes should implement taxes on alcohol at retail and wholesale level
Alcohol Strategies Review
Reduce Driving in a Driving Society.
General Deterrence
Reduce Drinking in a Drinking Society.
Injury Prevention
Alcohol Policy Transportation Policy
Law Enforcement
Reduce the risk of injury when drinking and driving
happens.
Alcohol and Injury Summary
Alcohol is a complex problem requiring multi-disciplined approach: there is no one “magic bullet”
Become involved: understand alcohol policies and where effective strategies could be implemented in your community
Impaired Driving Prevention Resources
• Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury: Strategies for Increasing Use of Child Safety Seats, Increasing Use of Safety Belts, and Reducing Alcohol-Impaired Driving. A Report on Recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. CDC, MMWR 2001;50(No RR-7). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr
Impaired Driving Prevention Resources
• The full report of the findings of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services for impaired driving was published as a American Journal of Preventive Medicine (AJPM) Supplement in November 2001. www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/default.htm
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety: www.hwysafety.org
Impaired Driving Prevention Resources
• Mother’s Against Drunk Driving:
www.madd.org
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration:
www.nhtsa.org