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Everything You Need to Know About Fossil Fuels*and how to give a good energy presentation
How Fossil Fuels Work Fossil fuels are burned to produce heat
Produces CO2 and water Greenhouse gas, plant food
Also produces C, CO, NOx , SOx
Toxic, acid rain, smog Catalytic converters limit this
How Fossil Fuels Work Coal: C(s) + O2 CO2 + H2O + 25.6 kJ/g
Nat’l gas: CH4(g) + O2 CO2 + H2O + 55.5 kJ/g
Gasoline: C8H18(l) + O2 CO2 + H2O + 45.6 kJ/g
Propane: C3H8(l/g) + O2 CO2 + H2O + 50.4 kJ/g
Source: Encyclopedia of Earth
How Fossil Fuels Work Power plants
Heat boils water to make steam Steam spins turbine/generator
Same as in nuclear power plant
Vehicles Fuel burns in cylinder Produces hot gas, which expands LNG has promise
Availability* 82% of total US energy consumption
68% of US electricity production 42% coal, 25% nat’l gas, 1% petroleum**
95.5% of energy in Transportation Need electric cars to avoid
*Source: Institute for Energy Research **Source: US Energy Information Administration
Capacity We could provide 100%
We have in the past
Cost of Electricity Coal
Total: 10 cents/kW-hr Fuel: 3 cents/kW-hr
Natural Gas Total: 7 cents/kW-hr Fuel: 5 cents/kW-hr
Source: Institute for Energy Research
Renewability Fossil fuels are not renewable Coal: 150-400 yr
US has 27% of world supply Russia (18%) and Canada (13%) Source: Institute for Energy Research, Wikipedia
Oil: 45-150 yr Physics/ucsd.edu, wikipedia
Nat’l Gas: 60-170 yr Wikipedia
Independence In 2011, 45 percent of US was imported
Canada Mexico Saudi Arabia Venezuela Nigeria.
Source: Energy Information Administration
Domestic supplies could increase with technology Fracking, shale oil, oil sands
Environmental Impact Emissions
CO2 (last IPCC says 99% cause of AGW) NOx, SOx Particulate Heavy metal VOC’s
Oil spills Drilling , transportation, refining
Mining issues
New Technologies Fracking may increase our NG supply
tremendously Environmental concerns
New domestic sources of petroleum Shale oil Tar sands
Quote of the Day “The stone age didn’t end for lack of
stone …
… and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of oil.”
70’s Saudi oil minister
Opinion No choice soon enough Economics a big pos.
But we’re rich enough to move on Environmental impact big neg. Develop alt energy for job growth Energy independence undervalued Petroleum is undervalued as chemical
source
References (1) Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Heat_of_combustion?topic=49557
(2) Institute for Energy Research http
://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/energy-overview/fossil-fuels/
(3) US Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=
427&t=3