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Everett Long-Range
Strategic Plan for Biosolids
Management Plan
Biosolids 101 Workshop
Greg Moen, PE
Michael D. Moore
Chris Chesson
November 5, 2010
1. Project Overview
2. Introductions
3. General Wastewater Treatment & Biosolids Generation
4. City of Everett Wastewater & Biosolids Program
5. Regulations
Agenda
6. Trends in Biosolids Management
7. Assurance of Sustainable Biosolids Management
Program
6. Future Steps for Strategic Planning
7. Treatment Facility & Biosolids Use Facility Tours
Project OverviewStrategic Plan = A plan to define strategy,
direction, and allocation of resources.
• Form Stakeholder Committee
• Basis of Planning (HDR) & Biosolids 101
• Strategy Development (Goals/Vision, SWOT analysis) workshopanalysis) workshop
• Market Survey (HDR)
• Develop evaluation criteria
• Cost projections (HDR)
• Recommendations on future direction of Everett’s biosolids management program
1. Name?
2. Organization?
3. Wastewater treatment knowledge
level/background?
Introductions
level/background?
4. Biosolids knowledge level/background?
5. Other?
Wastewater Collection and Treatment
Typical Wastewater TreatmentPretreatment: removal
of contaminants prior to
discharge into sewer
Preliminary Treatment:
removal of rocks and
debris
Primary Treatment:
gravity settling of gravity settling of
organic solids
Secondary Treatment:
biological treatment for
removal of soluble BOD
Tertiary Treatment:
advanced removal of
solids (filtration),
nutrients, etc.
Thickening
Typical Solids Processing Schematic
Primary
sludge
Stabilization Dewatering
(optional)
Examples:
Examples:
•Centrifuge
•Belt Filter Press
•Screw Press
Waste
Secondary
Sludge (WSS)
•Agriculture
•Compost
•Landscaping
•Forests
•Golf courses
•Coal substitute
Examples:
•Anaerobic Digestion
•Aerobic Digestion
•Lime stabilization
LandfillScreenings
Grit
Definitions
Sludge
• Semi-solid organic residuals generated during the water reclamation process
• Not suitable for
Biosolids
• Treated (digested) sludge suitable for beneficially recycling
• Meets state and federal treatment standards• Not suitable for
beneficially recyclingtreatment standards
Headworks
Primary
Clarifiers
Aerated
Cells
City of Everett WPCF Schematic
Oxidation/
Polishing Disinfection
From
Sewer
System
Clarifiers
TF/SC Process Disinfection
Polishing
Ponds
Disinfection
Primary
Clarifiers
Aerated
Cells
TF/SC Process
City of Everett WPCF Biosolids Schematic
Primary sludge
Periodic
Dredging
•AgricultureTF/SC Process
Waste
Secondary
Sludge
(WSS)
•Agriculture
•Compost
•Landscaping
•Forests
(historic)
• Biosolids quality sampling and quantity
survey
• Contracted biosolids dredging and
City of Everett WPCF Biosolids Removal Process
dewatering approximately every two years
• Contracted biosolids hauling and land
application
Aeration Cell Hydrographic Survey
Biosolids Dredging
Biosolids Dewatering (high speed centrifuges)
Biosolids Temporary Stockpiled
Biosolids Management
Biosolids Land Application Projects
Future EWPCF Biosolids• Base Solids Treatment
– Anaerobic Digestion (biological treatment at 95 degrees F or higher for a minimum of 15 days)
– Dewatering: reduce moisture content to 70-80%
Year Plant Flow Biosolids (Wet tons per day1)
2008 14.5 mgd ~16,0002008 14.5 mgd ~16,000
2010 14.8 mgd 11,000 (actual), 23,000 (projected)
2030 20.2 mgd 31,500
1. Assumes minimum 25% solids
Biosolids Regulations
• 40 CFR Part 503 – Federal Rule contained within the U.S. Clean Water Act
– EPA administered
– Requirements in NPDES permits
• WAC Chapter 173-308 – Washington State requirementsrequirements
Biosolids Quality
The Part 503 regulation focuses on three parameters as a basis for determining biosolids quality:
1. The presence of pollutants (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn)
2. The presence of pathogens(e.g., bacteria, viruses, parasites)
3. The biosolids attractiveness to vectors (e.g., rodents, flies, mosquitoes).
Pathogen Reduction Standards
• Class A:
– Pathogen free
– Unrestricted use
• Class B:
– Pathogens significantly reduced– Pathogens significantly reduced
– Restrictions on use
• Class B with appropriate restrictions equally protective as Class A according to state and federal regulations
Washington Requirements
WAC Chapter 173-308 - Landfill Disposal Not a Long Term Management Strategy:
• For long term landfilling, requirements must be met:
– Authorization in an NPDES permit or state waste discharge permit
– Evaluate “the various management Alternatives that – Evaluate “the various management Alternatives that demonstrates to the satisfaction of the department that Alternatives for beneficial use are economically infeasible”
• Landfilling not a long-term management option:
– City will not meet requirements
– Inconsistent with Facility Plan
Common Biosolids Products/Management Options• Class B dewatered:
– Agriculture
– Landfill Cover/Reclamation of Disturbed Areas
– Forestry
• Compost:• Compost:
– Nursuries
– Landscaping
– Residential
• Dried pellets:
– Golf courses
– Landscaping
Agriculture
• Agreements with private farmers
• Agency-owned land
• Public-Private Partnership
– Contractor permitting, siting, and – Contractor permitting, siting, and
operations
• Permitting, siting, application
• Hauling
Agriculture
• Advantages
– Cost effective
– Environmentally and economically beneficial
– Most common management alternative in Pacific Northwest
• Disadvantages
– Public perception may be negative
– Depends on farmer participation
– Most susceptible to changing regulationsPacific Northwest changing regulations
– Can’t be used in organic farming per USDA and WSDA organic rules; 3 year waiting period required after biosolids application
Land Application Old Technology Still Innovative • Land application for Bio-diesel crops
• Sally Brown Research
– http://faculty.washington.edu/slb/
Alternative Landfill Cover & Disturbed Land Restoration/Reclamation
• Advantages
– Environmentally beneficial
– Typically long-term projects
• Disadvantages
– Limited number of end users in local area
• Possible soil manufacturing: blending biosolids with amendment such as wood chips
projects
– Less susceptible to future regulatory changes
– Non food chain use
Forestry
• Advantages– Environmentally and
economically beneficial
– Cost effective
– Non food-chain use
• Disadvantages– Higher application costs
– Limited by terrain and access roads
– Only one potential customer identified to date
Compost Production
• Advantages
– Marketable product (public loves compost)
– Revenue potential (not profit)
• Disadvantages
– Higher costs
– May need additional land
– Potential siting challenges
• Composting (EPA Class A): 131 deg F or more for 3 days (aerated static pile or in-vessel methods)
profit)
– Less susceptible to future regulatory changes
Dried Pellet Fertilizer Production
• Advantages
– Marketable Product
– Revenue potential (not profit)
• Disadvantages
– Less control over final use of
biosolids fertilizer
– Higher costs
• Thermal Drying definition (EPA Class A): 90% solids, biosolids or gas leaving dryer is 176 deg F or more
– Higher costs
Biosolids Trends
BioenergyBioenergy
Agricultural,Agricultural,
Industrial Residuals Industrial Residuals
and Product Useand Product Use
Municipality InfrastructureMunicipality Infrastructure
Improvement with Improvement with
Community in MindCommunity in Mind
Outreach, EducationOutreach, Education
And StakeholderAnd Stakeholder
InvolvementInvolvement
Bioenergy Technologies
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Biogasification
• Thermal Drying
• Thermal Oxidation • Thermal Oxidation
• Combinations/Other:
– Thermal Conditioning type processes
– Cement Kilns
Regulatory Considerations
National & International Issues
• Emerging Contaminants
• Micro-constituents
• Reactivation and Re-growth of Bacteria
• Phosphorus & Other Nutrient Issues
• Various Legal and Regulatory Challenges to • Various Legal and Regulatory Challenges to Biosolids Recycling
• Thermal Processes
• Public Perception Issues
• USEPA Updates
Emerging Contaminants, Micro-Constituents, Reactivation & Re-growth
“Public Perception or Real”
• Organic Contaminants
– Methyl-Ethyl Bad Stuff
• Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products• Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
– Endocrine Disrupters
• Pathogens
– Disease causing agents
Issue Breakdown
• Constituents of Concern
– Biosolids – Most Studied Fertilizing Agent
• Technology & Sustainable Practices
– “If it looks like dirt, if it smells like dirt…”
• Pathogens and Products• Pathogens and Products
– Science & Reality
– Best Practices & Personal Hygiene = Public Health Protection
Legal, Regulatory & Perception
• Bans on Product Use or Out of Area Materials
– Ban on Class B (Except “in-county” Class B)
– Ban on all but “Class A, EQ Compost”
• Increased Regulatory Control & Decreased Constituent LimitsConstituent Limits
– New EPA As limits, elimination of test method for Class A, Nutrient Limits
• Product Use (San Francisco Compost Use)
– Center for Food Safety
Getting Biosolids Recognized as “Value-Added Products”
• Bioenergy
• Compost Product
• Nutrients to bio-diesels• Nutrients to bio-diesels
• Carbon Sequestration
• Biosolids Products & Bio-Gas Utilization Recognized as “Renewable Resources”
Product Mentality =
More Education onMarketing and Economics
More Education onMarketing and Economics
� Supply and demand
� Market research& development
Marketing and EconomicsMarketing and Economics
Environmental Management Systems
• Sustainability through EMSs
• Importance of Demonstrating Value Demonstrating Value of NBP EMSs
• Continuous Improvement
Sustainable Biosolids Program“The Bottom Line”
Sustainable Biosolids Programs =
Long Range Planning
DiversificationDiversification
Cost Effectiveness
Publically Supported
Stakeholder Committee
• Next Steps
– Strategy Development (SWOT analysis) workshop
– Market Survey (HDR)
– Develop evaluation criteria
– Cost projections (HDR)– Cost projections (HDR)
– Recommendations
• Next Meeting
Tour Description, Instructions & Directions
�Treatment Plant Tour
�Land Application Site �Land Application Site
Questions?Questions?
(425) 257-8246
(425) 257-8246
[email protected]@hdrinc.com
(425) 450-6222
(714) 730-2479
(425) 450-6222
(714) 730-2479
