Events of the French Revolution. Quick Review of the Declaration of the Rights of Man Intro:...
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Events of the French Revolution. Quick Review of the Declaration of the Rights of Man Intro: Explains purpose of the National Assembly and why the document
Quick Review of the Declaration of the Rights of Man Intro:
Explains purpose of the National Assembly and why the document is
important Main idea of document: Men are entitled to certain rights
in society, society should be governed by law
Slide 3
Articles 1 & 2 Idea of Locke (natural rights) Social
distinctions based on general good Reaction to the inequalities
under 3 estates Government protect rights (liberty, property,
security) Locke & Rousseau
Slide 4
Article 6 Law is the expression of the general will Power
belongs with the people- laws should represent what they want
Rousseau Every citizen has a right to participate Response to life
under Estates General where the 3 rd estate did not have much
say
Slide 5
Articles 7-9 Express the rights of accused people Ideas of
Beccaria Reaction to the torture used under Louis XVI and other
absolute monarchs in France Bastille- den of torture
Slide 6
Articles 10 & 11 Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech
Voltaire
Slide 7
Articles 13 & 14 These deal with taxes Should be
distributed evenly among all citizens People have a right to vote
on taxes and know what their taxes are used for
Slide 8
Article 16 Separation of powers is important! Montesquieu
Slide 9
Comparison Similarities Power comes from the people Lays out
specific rights for people Speech, religion, for those accused of
crimes Differences Dec. has 17 articles listed, Bill of Rights has
10 amendments Dec. more generalizations, Bill of Rights more
specific Each based on problems their country faced Dec.- taxes,
social inequalities Bill- quartering troops, bear arms
Slide 10
Where We Left Off Spontaneous protest by the French people
Destroy this symbol of horror Tore it down brick by brick Storming
of the Bastille Now a national holiday (July 14)
Slide 11
Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen
Slide 12
Writes the Declaration of the Rights of Women What about us
women?! Olympe de Gouges
Slide 13
Womens Bread Riots Spontaneous act by over 6,000 women Marched
on the Palace of Versailles to protest the price of bread Almost
killed the queen Force the royal family to move to Paris`
Slide 14
Important People Jean Paul Marat Ran newspaper: "L'ami du
peuple" ("Friend of the people") Attacked enemies of the Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre Member of the 3 rd estate in the Estates
General Helped write Dec. of Man Took control of the
Revolution
Slide 15
Constitution of 1791 Democratic features France became a
limited monarchy King became merely the head of state All laws were
created by the Legislative Assembly Feudalism was abolished Ended
all privileges for estates Abolished slavery Undemocratic features
Voting was limited to taxpayers (men 25+) Offices were reserved for
property owners This new government became known as the Legislative
Assembly
Slide 16
The Guillotine Created based on Enlightenment principles
Everyone dies the same More humane Quick & painless
Slide 17
War with Europe Monarchs and nobles in other European countries
became worried Revolutionaries were afraid they would help Louis
XVI regain power So they declared war on Austria then Prussia &
Britain joined in
Slide 18
Sans Culottes those without knee breeches Represented the
average man Stormed the palace and took royal family prisoner Led
the September Massacres Killed over 1,000 prisoners
Slide 19
Legislative Assembly Becomes National Convention Unable to
control the mobs in the streets, the Legislative Assembly sets
aside the Constitution Creates a new governing body called the
National Convention Abolishes the monarchy and declares France a
Republic government in which the people elect representatives who
will create laws and rule on their behalf
Slide 20
Death of King and Queen Radicals believe as long as the king
lived there was a chance he would return to power To save the
revolution, the king must be executed Louis XVI put on trial and
then killed Marie Antoinette killed 9 months later
Slide 21
Death of Marat
Slide 22
The Reign of Terror Robespierre seeks to create a republic of
virtue Establishes the Committee of Public Safety to protect the
revolution from its enemies virtue without terror is murderous,
terror without which virtue is powerless
Slide 23
Video 1.Suspend Dec. of the Rights of Man, police spies
created, quick trials followed by executions 2.12 person committee
who ruled France as a dictatorship (Robespierre in charge)
3.Originally strong opponent of death penalty, then oversees this
time of great bloodshed 4.Renamed streets, destroyed icons,
stripped churches of wealth, redid the calendar
Slide 24
Downfall of Robespierre Former radicals start speaking about
the need to end the Terror- say it accomplished its goals
Robespierre sentences them to death In July 1794, about a year
after the Reign of Terror began, Robespierre tells the National
Convention he has a list of new traitors for the guillotine. The
next day, they turn on him and demand his arrest and
execution.
Slide 25
A Third Government The radical phase of the revolution ends The
National Convention drafts a new plan of government- the third one
since the revolution began in 1789. It becomes known as the
Directory.