Even Better than the Best Building Ever?The ZICER and Elizabeth Fry Low Energy Buildings

Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICEEnergy Science Director: Low Carbon Innovation Centre

School of Environmental Sciences

Main Energy Conservation Projects at UEA

• Constable Terrace/ Nelson Court Student Residences

• Elizabeth Fry Building

• Combined Heat and Power

• School of Medicine

• ZICER Building

The Future

• Absorption Chilling

The Elizabeth Fry Building

The Elizabeth Fry Building

•Termodeck Construction

•Air is circulated through whole fabric of building

•Heated using a normal domestic heating boiler (24 kW)

•No heat supply needed at temperatures as cool as 9oC

•Triple glazing with Low Emissivity Glass ~ quadruple glazing

•180 mm insulated cavity

•300 mm roof insulation

•100 mm floor insulation

•Air – Pressure Test at 50 Pa – not to exceed 1.0 ach

• Actual performance 0.97 ach

• Has deteriorated slightly since 1996

• Uses regenerative Heat Exchangers 85% with heat recovery

Fresh Air

Stale Air

Stale Air

Fresh Air

Operation of Regenerative Heat Exchangers

Electricity Comsumption - Elzabeth Fry

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Elizabeth Fry low average

kWh

/m2/y

rGas Consumption - Elizabeth Fry

0

50

100

150

200

250

Elizabeth Fry Low Average

kWh

/m2/y

r

Heating/Hot Water

0102030405060708090

1995 1996 1997

kW

h/m

2/yr

Hot Water

Space Heating

The performance of the building has improved with

time

Energy Consumption in Elizabeth Fry

Heating provided by domestic sized boilers.

Energy requirement 20% of good practice for Academic Buildings.

44

96

ECON 19 Good PracticeType 3 Office

Elizabeth Fry

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

kg/m2/an

num

gas electricity

carbon dioxide emissions

thermal comfort +28%

air quality +36%

lighting +25%

noise +26%

Elizabeth Fry

User Satisfaction

An energy efficient building reduces carbon dioxide

AND

is a better building to work in.

Elizabeth Fry: Carbon Dioxide Emissions and User Satisfaction

The ZICER Building

• Follows the tradition of the Elizabeth Fry Building

• Uses Termodeck construction

• Draws heat from University Heating Main

• Has a 34 kW array of Photo Voltaic cells on top floor and roof

Zuckerman Institute for Connective Environmental

Research

ZICER Construction

ZICER Construction

ZICER Construction

Ducts in floor slab

Installation of Solar Panels

0

10

20

30

40

50

Eli

za

be

thF

ry (

Ne

w)

Eli

za

be

thF

ry (

20

02

)

ZIC

ER

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

gas

electricity

Elizabeth Fry performance has improved over years. ZICER will be better and less than 70% of emissions of mid 90’s best practice building

Photovoltaic cells will generate ~ 30 kW and save 20 tonnes CO2 per annum.

Projected Performance of ZICER

Variation of Carbon Emission and Carbon Index with Building Regulations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Carbon Index

kg

CO

2/m

2 /yr

1976

19901985

2002

1994

Elizabeth FryZICER

Theorectical Perfection in 2002 Regulations

pre-war

1955

1965

Variation of Carbon Emission and Carbon Index problems with current Building Regulations

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

7 8 9 10

Carbon Indexk

g C

O2/

m2 /y

r 2002

Elizabeth FryZICER

Theorectical Perfection in 2002 Regulations

Performance of Elizabeth Fry and ZICER

UEA Combined Heat and Power Scheme

UEA CHP Scheme

• Until 1999 most heat for space heating was supplied by large boilers

• Primary main temperature ~ 110 – 120oC

• All electricity imported

• Energy bill was in excess of £1 million per year

• Three 1 MWe generators are now installed

• Provide the majority of the electricity for the campus

• Export electricity at periods of low demand

• Waste heat is used a primary heat source

• Supplemented by existing boilers

• CHP has reduced that figure by £400 000 per year

CHP Review

839015101.79.26537.68555.0tonnes   0.2770.1860.43kg/kWh   331503514815819895328kWh1997/98balloons  totaloilgaselectricity  

571010278.0255.55256.92698.90.02486.7-420.1 tonnes 

  0.2770.1860.186 0.43-0.43 kg/ kWh 

  922563282630771451007815630431578310097700020436531kWh1999/00

balloonstotaloilCHPboilersGener-ationimportexportelectricity  

Saving in CO2 emissions as a result of CHP - 4824 tonnes CO2 or 31.9%

Equivalent to 2680 hot air balloons.

[Note: UEA expanded during time and consumption increased so CO2 savings are really higher than this].

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