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Evangelizing Muslims Apologetics

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Evangelizing Muslims. Apologetics. The Grand Mosque (in Mecca). World’s largest Site of the Ka’aba Thought to be directly beneath the worship place of angels Can accommodate 4 million worshippers during Hajj. The Ka’aba in Mecca. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Evangelizing Muslims

Evangelizing MuslimsApologetics

Page 2: Evangelizing Muslims

The Grand Mosque (in Mecca)•World’s largest•Site of the Ka’aba•Thought to be directly beneath the worship place of angels•Can accommodate 4 million worshippers during Hajj

Page 3: Evangelizing Muslims

The Ka’aba in Mecca

Houses the Black Stone, thought to have been fallen from heaven and handed down by Adam and Eve

Page 4: Evangelizing Muslims

POLEMICS•Asking disturbing questions in order to put your opponent on the defensive•Force the onus on them, not on us•“The best defense is a good offense”•Islam has a lot more than Christianity to answer for•Too few have done it, we need to use it.

Page 5: Evangelizing Muslims

HAS THE QUR’AN BEEN CORRUPTED?

Manuscript evidence (Ma’il, Kufic mss., dates, etc…)

Source Problems (Suras 5:31-32 = Cain & Abel; 21:51-71 = Abraham; 27:14-44 = Solomon & Sheba)

Collation ProblemsContradictions and Errors in the Qur’anWhat then is the true ‘Word of God’?

Page 6: Evangelizing Muslims

WOMEN IN ISLAM VS. CHRISTIANITY Polygamy: S 4:3 1 husband/ 4 wives

and what right hand possesses (slaves/concubines)

Inheritance: S 4:11 ”inheritance to the male, equal to that of two females.”

Wife Beating: S 4:34, men may beat wives

Testimony: S 2:282, Bukhar1:301 Muhammad replied, “Is not the testimony of a woman equivalent to half the testimony of a man?

Tilth: S 2:223 “Your women are a tilth for you (to cultivate) so go to your tilth as ye will”

Slaves/Concubines: S 33:50 “We have made lawful unto thee whom you have paid dowries (contract), those whom thy right had possesses (Slaves) of those whom Allah hath given thee as spoils of war...

Polygamy...Genesis 2:24, Mt. 19:5, 1 Tim 3:2, perfect marriage relationship between 1 man and 1 woman.

Love one’s wife: 1 Pet. 3:7, Col. 3:19 “husbands must love your wives & NEVER treat them harshly.”

Testimony: Matthew 28:9 First witnesses of Christ’s resurrection were women

Equality: Galations 3:28 “all believers are equal in Christ”-Hebrews 4:14-16 “both can approach God directly.-1 Peter 3:7 “you are equal together in the grace of life.”-1 Corinthians 7:1-40, Their bodies belong to each other. Not one is above the other.-Eph 5:25 As Christ gave his life for the church, so a husband should do for his wife

Slavery: Gal. 3:28 ‘There is neither slave nor free...male nor female...all one in Jesus Christ (Philemon 16 – Slave -> brother)

Page 7: Evangelizing Muslims

IS MUHAMMAD A TRUE PROPHET?Four Criteria for Prophethood in the Bible:1. Is he in Isaac's race?2. Does his message conform to previous revelation? 3. Are his predictions verifiable (miracle/prophecy)?4. Does he use God’s personal name?:

Adonai (descriptive) = 340 timesElohim (generic) = 2,000 timesYahweh (personal) = 6,823 times

-Does Muhammad fulfil any of these criteria…Thus, is he a true prophet?

-The veneration for Muhammad today…do we have the alternative in Jesus?

Page 8: Evangelizing Muslims

ISN’T JESUS SUPERIOR TO MUHAMMAD IN THE QUR’AN? Sura 19:20 = Jesus is born of a virgin, Muhammmad is

born naturally Sura 4:36 = Jesus can talk from the cradle, while

Muhammad cannot Sura 4:39 = Jesus heals the sick, gives sight to the

blind, resuscitates the dead, and creates out of nothing, while Muhammad can do none of these.

Sura 19:19 = Jesus is the only ‘righteous one’, the sinless one, while Muhammad has to ask forgiveness for his sins (Sura 48:2)

Page 9: Evangelizing Muslims

IS ALLAH THE REAL GOD?Is it not just a generic name?Is it not merely a pagan Arab name?

Hubal (Abd-Allah), Al-Lat, Al-Manat, Al-Uza (Sura 53:19-21)

Where is that name found in the Bible?What are we to do with ‘those who

come in the name of other gods’ (Deut.18:18-22)

Can Allah enter ‘Time and Space’?

Page 10: Evangelizing Muslims

A Comparison of the two ‘Khilafahs:’ The Kingdom of God is important for both Muslims and ChristiansIslamic Khilafa1. -identified as a visible,

political, geographical state2. -melds the sacred with the

Secular3. -based on 7th c. Arab rules

and regulations4. -modeled on 7th C., fixed,

Arabic culture5. -focus is here (theocratic

state)6. -established by force7. -imposed on the unwilling8. -survives & thrives on power9. -created & maintained by

man

Christian Khilafa1. -identified as an invisible,

personal relational entity2. -separates the sacred from

the Secular3. -based on universal

principles4. -modeled on a contextual,

fluid, universal, transcending culture

5. -focus is there (sojourners)6. -established by choice7. -imposed on no-one

(voluntary)8. -survives & thrives on

weakness9. -created & maintained by

God

Page 11: Evangelizing Muslims

WHICH IS MORE RELEVANT FOR TODAY, CHRISTIANITY OR ISLAM?Violence and Peace in both Christianity and

IslamWomen’s Issues in both Christianity and

Islam (S.4:3,11,34; 2:223, 282)The Freedoms of the Christian West vs. the

Muslim East, etc… (i.e., UDHR - Human Rights)

Why do so many people want to emigrate to the West, where there is at least a ‘Christian Memory,’ than to Islamic Countries?

Page 12: Evangelizing Muslims

Jihad The word means

‘striving’ or ‘struggle’ Often used in the sense

of personal striving in the path of God.The Greater Jihad

According to Islamic law there are two domainsDar al-Islam, the

house of IslamDar al-Harb, the

house of War

“The more common interpretation, and that of the overwhelming majority of the classical jurists and commentators , presents jihad as armed struggle for Islam against infidels and apostates.” (Bernard Lewis, professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University)

– This is known as the Lesser Jihad

Page 13: Evangelizing Muslims

Jihad and Non-Muslims(9:5) “Fight and slay the pagans wherever you find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem.”

(9:29) “Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Prophet, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.”

Page 14: Evangelizing Muslims

Jihad and Non-Muslims(47:4-7) “When you meet unbelievers, smite their necks, then, when you have made wide slaughter among them, tie fast the bonds; then set them free, either by grace or ransom, till the war lays down its loads…And those who are slain in the way of God, He will not send their works astray. He will guide them, and dispose their minds aright, and He will admit them to Paradise, that He has made known to them.”

Page 15: Evangelizing Muslims

Naskh (Abrogation)

Muhammad’s prophecies came in two periods: Meccan, and Medinan

Allah alters what was once declared lawful into unlawful, and vice versa

From the Qur’an2:10616:1012:219 and 5:90

Page 16: Evangelizing Muslims

TaqiyyaFalsehoods told to prevent the

denigration of Islam, to protect oneself, or to promote the cause of Islam are sanctioned in the Qur'an and Hadith, including lying under oath in testimony before a court, and deceiving by making distorted statements to the media. A Muslim is even permitted to deny or denounce his faith if, in so doing, he protects or furthers the interests of Islam, so long as he remains faithful to Islam in his heart.

From the Qur’an

•16:106

•3:28

•9:3

• 2:225

•3:54 (makara means deceit)

From the Hadith

•Bukhari (49:857)

•Bukhari (84:64-65)

•Bukhari (50:369)

Page 17: Evangelizing Muslims

Shariah LawThe code of conduct or religious law of Islam. Shariah is derived from two primary sources of

Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Qur'an, and the example set by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the Hadith.

The reintroduction of Shariah is a longstanding goal for Islamist movements in Muslim countries. 

3 categories of crimes in Shariah lawQisas (personal injury)Hudud (claims against God, including

blasphemy)Tazir (all offenses not covered under qisas

and hudud) 

Page 18: Evangelizing Muslims

1) Public:

Purpose is to define what you believe, defend it, then reverse the challenge publicly.

Sometimes you are in hostile arenasSometimes you are in public but non-

hostile arenasNow is the opportunity to learn your

apologetics/polemics adequately, before applying it elsewhere.

Page 19: Evangelizing Muslims

2) Laboratory: Remember now is the time for trial and error.-A place to practice what you have learned in class, in your research, in your discussions, etc...-Expect to make mistakes.-Don’t be upset when you do.-Simply learn from them, then ‘get back up on the horse’, and try again, or move on.-You are a ‘sojourner’ here, thus you won’t be held accountable for the mistakes you make here.-Learn from those mistakes, and make sure you don’t repeat them.-This is ideal preparation for your chosen field.

Page 20: Evangelizing Muslims

3) Mosaic: People are not monolithic, but multi-faceted.Anyone can be standing in front

of youAllows you to ‘dovetail’ (apply)

responses for each personality.Forces you to meet their

specific need.“What is good for Aaron may

not work for Ahmed”

Page 21: Evangelizing Muslims

4) Focus: The Audience is your primary goal, not necessarily the one you’re speaking toSo, concentrate on them, and not on the

detractors. By focusing on them, you neutralize the

detractorsUse the crowd to substantiate your view. Look at them when you talk, speak to

them, question them, involve them, and employ their support.

Your larger audience are the ones you are trying to convince.

Page 22: Evangelizing Muslims

METHODOLOGY:

1) Pray:

Always have a prayer covering. Remember this is a battle you are in,

and thus requires ‘weapons not of this world.’

Prayer is to be employed: before, during, and after the time you are ‘in battle.’

Page 23: Evangelizing Muslims

2) Pairs:

Try always to go in twos, or more.One person to speak, the other to pray.Preferably, one should be a veteran,

with experience.Roles can be flipped, depending on the

need, or time.

Page 24: Evangelizing Muslims

3) Rule of Thumb # 1

‘Scratch where they itch’To know them, you will need to first listen

to them.Yet, maintain control at all times.Don’t let them set the agenda.Stay away from ‘shopping list

questions’

Page 25: Evangelizing Muslims

4) Rule of Thumb # 2:

‘Scratch where they don’t itch’You must go beyond friendship, to

introduce the Gospel, which will confront!

Assume a heated response.The moral demands of God and the

personhood of Jesus will produce a worthy battleground.

Page 26: Evangelizing Muslims

5) Response:‘3 C’s’ = ‘Quick’, ‘Concise’, yet

‘Comprehensive’We tend to take our time, so learn to give

‘2- minute sound-bites’ (usual attention span for most persons)

We tend to be verbose, so be succinct.We seek erudition, so seek simplicity

(remember ‘8th grade educational level’ for all polemics)

We tend to be ‘fuzzy thinkers’, so learn to be logical.

Page 27: Evangelizing Muslims

6) Application:

There is a need to be multi-faceted in your response.

We must be both Conciliatory and Confrontational

We must use both Apologetics and Polemics.

Proceed so that the onus is not always on us, but back where it belongs…on them.

Not ‘either’ - ‘or’; but ‘both’ - ‘and’

Page 28: Evangelizing Muslims

7) Demeanor:Be gentle, yet passionate, be

considerate, yet forthright.How you say it is almost as important as

what you say.Show confidence in your material, and in

your decisions.Do not employ ‘character assassination’.Our material is too good, and our

testimony too precious.Don’t waste time on innocuous

argumentation.

Page 29: Evangelizing Muslims

8) End-game:

Bring discussions around to the Gospel Christ died for us, the godly for the ungodlyYou have His favor; you don’t have to earn itJesus strapped Himself to a cross so you

won’t have to strap a bomb to yourselfRemind yourself who is in charge, and for

whom you are there the Lord!Why former Muslim Ergun Caner became a

Christian: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5gkXLsCHYM

Page 30: Evangelizing Muslims

Doctrines of Islam

Page 31: Evangelizing Muslims

Five Pillars of Islam

1. uniqueness of God‘There is no god, but God….’

2. Prayer five times a day3. Give alms to the poor 4. Observe the month of Ramadan5. Pilgrimage to Mecca

If possible, once in your life

Page 32: Evangelizing Muslims

Shahada: Profession of Faith“There is no god but Allah and

Muhammad is the prophet of God.”Sincere recitation of this profession in

Arabic in the presence of Muslims is the sole requirement for those who wish to join the Muslim community.

It represents acceptance not only of Allah and his prophet, but of the entirety of Islam.

The shahada is also recited in the muzzein's call to prayer.

Page 33: Evangelizing Muslims

Salat: Ritual Prayer5 times a day, at dawn, midday, afternoon,

sunset, and evening, the Muslim prays to Allah.

The content of the prayer is glorification of Allah, recitations of the Qur'an, and blessings on the Prophet.

Salat must always be preceded by the ritual washing of the face, hands, and feet.

The Muslim is always to face in the direction of the Ka‘aba shrine in Mecca

Page 34: Evangelizing Muslims

Zakat: Annual Charity TaxRequired of

every adult Muslim with sufficient means

The rate of zakat is 2.5%, not of income, but of the value of all of one's possessions.

Voluntary almsgiving is also encouraged

The recipients of the tax are Muslim Needy or PoorDebtorsVolunteers in jihadPilgrimsCollectors of the

taxAnd people considering reverting to Islam

Page 35: Evangelizing Muslims

Sawm: Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

During the ninth month of the Islamic year, all adult Muslims are required to abstain from food, drink and sexual intercourse during daylight hours.

Exceptions: travelers, soldiers, menstruating women, and the ill

Commemorates the revelation of the Qur'an to humanity

An opportunity for increased prayer and devotion

Page 36: Evangelizing Muslims

Hajj: Pilgrimage to MeccaExpected of each

Muslim in his or her lifetime, Hajj is a journey to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, during the last month of the Islamic year.

Exceptions: those too sick or poor must send someone else in their place

The Muslim must Dress in plain white

sheets and sandals, signifying purity and equality (male)

Dress in only white with only hands and face uncovered (female)

Walk around the Ka’aba 7 times, kiss or touch the Black Stone, pray, hear sermons, etc.

Page 37: Evangelizing Muslims

Final ThingsThis life is a preparation for the nextEvery person will taste deathTwo angels will question the dead in

the grave (Munkar and Nakir)Unbelievers will be tormented in the

grave and after the final resurrectionThe “Final Hour” will be preceded by

disintegration of nature and universal sin

Page 38: Evangelizing Muslims

JihadThe word means

‘striving’ or ‘struggle’Often used in the sense

of personal striving in the path of God.The Greater Jihad

According to Islamic law there are two domainsDar al-Islam, the house

of Islam, or peaceDar al-Harb, the house

of War, or enemy lands

“The more common interpretation, and that of the overwhelming majority of the classical jurists and commentators , presents jihad as armed struggle for Islam against infidels and apostates.” (Bernard Lewis, professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University)– The Lesser Jihad

Page 39: Evangelizing Muslims

Jihad and Non-Muslims9:5 Kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush.

9:29-30 Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled. The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of Allah ." That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved [before them]. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?

Page 40: Evangelizing Muslims

Jihad and Non-Muslims47:4-6 “So when you meet those who disbelieve [in battle], strike [their] necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them] until the war lays down its burdens. That [is the command]. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken vengeance upon them [Himself], but [He ordered armed struggle] to test some of you by means of others. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah - never will He waste their deeds. He will guide them and amend their condition. And admit them to Paradise, which He has made known to them.”

Page 41: Evangelizing Muslims

Dhimmitude: Legal Status of the Non-Muslim

Derived from Dhimmi, which means a non-Muslim living in an Islamic country.

Jizyah tax must be paid by the dhimmis as a sign of submission

Dhimmis are barred from carrying arms to protect themselves, serving in the army or government, displaying symbols of their faith, building or repairing places of worship.

Dhimmis must wear distinctive clothing including a Zunar belt wherever they go.

Page 42: Evangelizing Muslims

Apostates: Those who leave the religion of Islam

Those who turn their back on Islam are to be executed. Quran direct references to execution of

apostates: 4:89, 9:11-12Quran references to treatment of

apostates: 77:19-24, 9:73-74, 2:217, 9:66

Hadith direct references to execution of apostates: 4:52:260, 9:89:271, 9:84:64

Page 43: Evangelizing Muslims

Naskh (Abrogation) Muhammad’s prophecies

came in two periods: Meccan, and Medinan

Allah alters what was once declared lawful into unlawful, and vice versa

Different situations call for different regulations

Example: The aggressive verses of Surah 9 may abrogate the more tolerant material in Surah 109

From the Qur’an2:10616:10113:39

From the HadithBukhari 6:60:3

2-34Muslim 3:675

Page 44: Evangelizing Muslims

Taqiyya & KitmanFalsehoods told to prevent the denigration of Islam, to protect oneself, or to promote the cause of Islam are sanctioned in the Qur'an and Hadith, including lying under oath in testimony before a court, and deceiving by making distorted statements to the media. A Muslim is even permitted to deny or denounce his faith if, in so doing, he protects or furthers the interests of Islam, so long as he remains faithful to Islam in his heart.

From the Qur’an•16:106 •3:28 •9:3• 2:225•3:54 (makara means deceit) From the Hadith•Bukhari 3:49:857 •Bukhari 9:84:64 •Bukhari 5:59:369

Page 45: Evangelizing Muslims

Shariah LawThe code of conduct or religious law of Islam. Shariah is derived from two primary sources of

Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Qur'an, and the example set by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the Hadith.

The reintroduction of Shariah is a longstanding goal for Islamist movements in Muslim countries. 

3 categories of crimes in Shariah lawQisas (personal injury)Hudud (claims against God, including blasphemy)Tazir (all offenses not covered under qisas and hudud) 

Page 46: Evangelizing Muslims

Additional teachingsdietary lawsno gambling or drinkingno sexual irregularities, as defined by

tradition and customno faulty weights or usuryno infanticideelaborate rules concerning inheritance

and property improvement in the status of women

and children