Evaluation of Placement Linked Skill Development Special ...rural.nic.in/sites/default/files/Evaluation_placement_sgsy_vol1.pdf · INDEX OF REPORT Sl. No. Particulars Page Nos. 1

Evaluation of PlacementLinked Skill Development

Special Projects underSGSY

Final Report

March 2013

Ministry of Rural Development

299736 MCB ISA 03 00

P:\Noida\DMC\Projects\299736-MORD Livelihood Scheme Review\Reports\Final Report\Final Report doc

07 March 2013

Evaluation of Placement Linked Skill Development Special Projects under SGSY

Final Report

March 2013


Mott MacDonald, A20, Sector 2, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India T +91 (0)12 0254 3582 F +91 (0)12 0254 3562, www.mottmac.com

Department of Rural Development, Room No- 379, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110001


Mott MacDonald, A20, Sector 2, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India T +91 (0)12 0254 3582 F +91 (0)12 0254 3562, www.mottmac.com

Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description 00 26.09.2012 Deeksha Khurana Moumita Biswas Shoma Majumdar Draft Report

01 03.12..2012 Moumita Biswas Moumita Biswas Shoma Majumdar Revised Draft Report

02 07.03.2013 Arnab Datta Moumita Biswas Shoma Majumdar Final Report

Issue and revision record

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose.

We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.

INDEX OF REPORT

Sl. No. Particulars

Page Nos.

1 Evaluation of Placement Linked Skill Development Special Projects under SGSY - Overall Report

1 - 73

2 A& D Solaris

74 - 98

3 Aide et Action

99 - 123

4 AISECT

124 - 147

5 Ajmal Foundation

148 - 171

6 Bhaskar Foundation

172 - 196

7 BVV Sangha

197 - 222

8 CAP Foundation

223 - 247

9 CLEF Foundation

248 - 271

10 FIWE

272 - 296

11 Grameen Labs (East)

297 - 322

12 Grameen Labs (North)

323 - 347

13 IL&FS (SEAM-1)

348 - 371

14 IL&FS (SEAM-2)

372 - 395

15 Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP)

396 - 419

16 Jagruti Foundation

420 - 443

17 Larsen & Toubro

444 - 467

18 Lupin Foundation

468 - 491

19 NIIT

492 - 516

20 NIS Sparta

517 - 540

21 Pipal Tree

541 - 565

22 Srei-Sahaj e-village Ltd.

566- 589

23 Security Skill Council of India (SSCI)

590 - 613

24 Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Trust (SSST)

614 - 638

25 Tally

639 - 663

26 Technopak

664 - 688


Final Report: Volume-I

March 2013


Mott MacDonald, A20, Sector 2, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India

T +91 (0)12 0254 3582 F +91 (0)12 0254 3562, www.mottmac.com

299736/MCB/ISA/03/00 07 March 2013 P:\Noida\DMC\Projects\299736-MORD Livelihood Scheme Review\Reports\Final Report\Final Report.doc


Chapter Title Page

Executive Summary i

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Overview of SGSY ___________________________________________________________________ 1

1.2 Special Projects for SGSY _____________________________________________________________ 2

1.3 Implementation of Special Project for SGSY _______________________________________________ 2

1.4 Present Status of the Scheme __________________________________________________________ 5

1.5 About the projects under evaluation _____________________________________________________ 6

2. Objectives and Methodology 11 2.1 Major Objectives of the Study _________________________________________________________ 11

2.2 Minor Objectives of the Study _________________________________________________________ 11

2.3 Scope of Work _____________________________________________________________________ 11

2.4 Approach _________________________________________________________________________ 12

2.5 Methodology_______________________________________________________________________ 12

3. Project Implementation 22 3.1 Project implementation ______________________________________________________________ 22

3.2 Service delivery in the scheme ________________________________________________________ 29

4. Impact of Project on Beneficiaries 30 4.1 Impact of scheme in the lives of BPL population ___________________________________________ 30

5. Success Stories 54 5.1 Case Study 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 54

5.2 Case Study 2 ______________________________________________________________________ 54

5.3 Case Study 3 ______________________________________________________________________ 55

5.4 Case Study 4 ______________________________________________________________________ 55

5.5 Case Study 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 56

6. SWOT Analysis of the programme 57

7. Issues & Recommendations 58 7.1 Areas of concerns which need immediate attention ________________________________________ 58

7.2 Recommendations __________________________________________________________________ 59

Appendices 61Appendix A. Study Tools _______________________________________________________________________ 62

Appendix B. Scope of work vis-à-vis the sections where addressed ______________________________________ 72

Content



Tables

Table 1.1: Project-wise Sample Coverage _________________________________________________________ iv Table 2.1: Project wise detail of states where data collection was carried out _____________________________ 14 Table 2.2: Project-wise Sample Coverage ________________________________________________________ 17 Table 4.1: Gender of Beneficiaries ______________________________________________________________ 31 Table 4.2: Education Level of Beneficiaries _______________________________________________________ 33 Table 4.3: Caste of the Beneficiaries ____________________________________________________________ 35 Table 4.4: Caste vis-a-vis Religion across the PIAs (in %)____________________________________________ 36 Table 4.5: Number of years associated in the Scheme ______________________________________________ 38 Table 4.6: Literacy Level Head of Household______________________________________________________ 39 Table 4.7: Literacy level of Beneficiaries vis-a-vis their head of household _______________________________ 40 Table 4.8: Literacy level of Beneficiaries vis-a-vis their head of household across PIAs _____________________ 41 Table 4.9: Existing skills of beneficiaries _________________________________________________________ 44 Table 4.10: Any link of the exisiting skills with the skills imparted _______________________________________ 45 Table 4.11: Other sources of income _____________________________________________________________ 46 Table 4.12: Training being successful in finding a job vis-à-vis Education of the beneficiary __________________ 50 Table 4.13: Training being successful in finding a job vis-à-vis Gender of beneficiary _______________________ 50 Table 4.14: Number of years since training received vis-à-vis stability in job_______________________________ 51 Table 4.15: Whether assistance under the scheme sufficient __________________________________________ 52 Table 6.1: SWOT Analysis of the scheme ________________________________________________________ 57

Figures

Figure 3.1: Training Infrastructure available with the PIAs_____________________________________________ 24

Figure 3.2: Availability of lodging facility __________________________________________________________ 24

Figure 3.3: Duration of training courses conducted by PIAs ___________________________________________ 26

Figure 3.4: Methods adopted for imparting training as per PIAs ________________________________________ 26

Figure 3.5: Skills that companies look for in a beneficairy at the time of placement as per the PIAs ____________ 28

Figure 3.6: Socio-economic status of beneficiaries before and after training as per PIAs_____________________ 29

Figure 3.7: Satisfaction level of companies where beneficairies placed as per PIAs ________________________ 29

Figure 4.1: Gender Ratio vis-à-vis Trade __________________________________________________________ 32

Figure 4.2: Average age of beneficiaries across projects _____________________________________________ 33

Figure 4.3: Religion of beneficiaries______________________________________________________________ 36

Figure 4.4: Caste of beneficiaries________________________________________________________________ 36

Figure 4.5: Whether the scheme helped in finding a job ______________________________________________ 48

Figure 4.6: Whether beneficiaries are satisfied with job_______________________________________________ 48

Figure 4.7: Whether beneficiaries have a feeling of stability in their jobs _________________________________ 49

Figure 4.8: Whether beneficiaries would like to change their current job _________________________________ 49

Figure 4.9: Satisfaction regarding placement_______________________________________________________ 49

Figure 4.10: Average income of beneficiaries before & after Training_____________________________________ 50

Figure 4.11: Whether there has been change in perception in life of beneficiaries due to current employment _____ 51

Figure 4.12: Whether there is change in family lifestyle due to training & job thereafter_______________________ 51

Figure 4.13: Whether there is an improvement in the salary due to training ________________________________ 53



Abbreviations

AAMT Advanced Analytical Methods of Training

AISECT All India Society for Electronic & Computer Technology

BPL Below Poverty Line

CLEF Career Launcher Education Foundation

DRDA District Rural Development Agency

DRF Dr. Reddy’s Foundation

FIWE Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs

GOI Government of India

IL&FS Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd.

IMG Inter-Ministerial Group

ISAP Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals

L&T Larsen & Toubro Ltd.

MORD Ministry of Rural Development

PIA Project Implementing Agency

PRI Panchayati Raj Institutions

SGSY Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana

SHGs Self Help Groups

SSCI Security Skill Council of India

SSST Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Trust


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Background

India’s anti-poverty strategy comprises of a wide range of poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes, many of which have been in operation for several years and have been strengthened to generate more employment, create productive assets, impart technical and entrepreneurial skills and raise the income level of the poor. The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India is the agency which has been implementing, through the State Governments and Union Territory administrations, many development schemes since independence with a mandate to eradicate poverty, generate employment and establish food security. Under these schemes, both wage employment and self-employment are provided to the people below the poverty line. In 1998-99, the Government of India proposed to unify various poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes under two broad categories of Self Employment Schemes and Wage Employment Schemes. Among these, is the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY), which is a Self Employment Scheme launched with an objective to bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgar) above the poverty line by ensuring appreciable sustained level of income over a period of time. This objective is to be achieved by inter alia organising the rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilization, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets. The SHG approach helps the poor to build their self-confidence through community action. This process ultimately leads to the strengthening and socio-economic empowerment of the rural poor as well as improve their collective bargaining power.

In a nutshell, the cluster development approach has been taken up by the implementation of SGSY wherein Self Help Groups were promoted to take up self employment drive, they were provided hand holding support so that big federations can be formed and converted into chain of small enterprises. The SHGs were linked to small Service area Banks and provided with small revolving funds in order to keep them financially independent. These credits linked SHGs were further motivated to take loan from Banks as per their independent business plan. In all these activities Non Government Organisations have provided significant inputs like forming SHGs, nurturing them, building capacity, linking them with bank etc.

Special Projects for SGSY

Following the recommendations of an Inter-Ministerial Group (IMG) constituted to address the issue of capacity building and training, the Special Projects for Skill Development of Rural Youths under Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY) was designed to equip the unemployed rural youths from the BPL Households with marketable skills, which would enable them to either secure placement in the industry or pursue sustainable self employment opportunities through micro enterprise.

These programmes were aimed at delivery of training, largely through the government machinery, supported by some civil society participants. Under special project component of SGSY, placement linked skill development programme was taken up on pilot basis through public private partnership (PPP). In view of success of the pilot projects, efforts have been made to up-scale the skill development programme as it was felt that regular wage employment to at least one member of rural BPL family will enable the family to come out of poverty. In this perspective, MORD has made concerted efforts in bringing about paradigm shifts in the delivery mechanism and in involving industry stakeholders, besides strengthening the process through output linked support. MORD has so far assisted several PPP or private sector led initiatives emanating from industry, civil society organizations etc.

Executive Summary


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The objective of each Special Project for Skill Development is to ensure a time-bound training and capacity building programme for bringing a specific number of Below Poverty Line (BPL) families above the poverty line through placement ensuring regular wage employment.

Since 2004-05 within the above special project component, MoRD has also been taking up ‘Placement linked skill development projects’ (for wage employment) on pilot basis.

The main objective of the training is to equip rural youths with marketable skills to enhance their capacity to secure wage employment in the organised sector with adequate income generation. This skill development programme is an integral part of SGSY and training is provided on the basis of market demand and potential market opportunities.

Since 2006-07, only placement linked skill development projects have been considered and are being sanctioned except a few innovative and marketing linkage projects. The impact that this programme can have on the lives of poor rural youth is immense as it can result in transformation in the life of not only the youth but his/her whole family. This approach could be one of the fastest ways to come out of poverty for rural youth who have dropped out of school/college.

By end of June 2011, 150 placement linked skill development projects have been sanctioned with total project cost of INR 1647.96 crores to train 11.72 lakh youth. As per the available data, MoRD has released INR 459.10 crores and 3.5 lakh youth have been trained by the Project Implementing agencies (PIAs), out of which, 2.68 lakh youth have been placed in various jobs. The data indicates that this concept has been picked up from 2008-09 onwards. The sectors covered include construction, apparel, IT, retail, hospitality, security, leather, automobile repairing and other services. Normal project period for implementation of these projects is 3 to 5 years and majority of these projects are at different stages of implementation. Besides MoRD, states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are also implementing similar programme with funding from the State Government and other sources.

Placement linked skill development is now planned to be taken up on a larger scale as it could be an important tool to bring the BPL family above the poverty line by imparting skills and regular salaried employment to one of the family members. Further, this programme is to supplement the efforts made under the National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) which targets to have 500 million trained technical manpower by 2022.

Out of 150 projects sanctioned so far only a few projects have been reported to be complete. Thus, it has been decided by the MoRD to conduct an evaluation/impact assessment study of some of the completed and ongoing projects through an independent third party agency.

Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of the evaluation study were to: Evaluate the processes involved in mobilization, selection of beneficiaries and organizing the training

programme by the PIA’s and find out effectiveness of these processes; Evaluate the availability and quality of infrastructure and the faculty/trainers, norms and requirements; Evaluate post training placement, tracking system and its effectiveness; Assess impact of the training on the participants skill, attitude, performance, income etc; Suggest modification, standards for various processes involved for making the training programme

useful and effective.


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Methodology

The study was conducted by addressing the process and outcome underlying the objectives of the study. For this, both primary and secondary data was collected using different type of schedules at different levels of sample units.

The placement linked skill development project for BPL youth was implemented by the Project Implementing Agencies across various states of the country. Hence, in coordination with the implementing agency, the data collection for evaluation of the agencies was carried out in different states. The states where data collection was carried out included Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi NCR, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, based on the availability of beneficiaries who could be tracked and identified.

The list of sample projects to be evaluated by Mott MacDonald team was provided by the Ministry of Rural Development. However, during the inception phase, while collecting data regarding beneficiaries who have received training as part of each of the sample projects, our team had to replace two projects - 'Special Project under SGSY for Creation of jobs in Growth Sectors for Rural People including youth' [PIA - National Centre for Advanced Training (NCAT)]; and ‘Special Project for setting up Skill Development centres in District Amritsar, Punjab and training to 2500 rural youth’ [ITFT], due to non-cooperation of the PIA officials in providing the list of beneficiaries during the course of the study.

As per the TOR, we sampled the beneficiaries under each of 25 projects using stratified sampling method. It was observed that any one project had been implemented in maximum 12 States. Thus, we followed different criteria so that states of each project could be selected proportionately. The strata were as mentioned below:

Strata 1: as mentioned above our approach for selection of states and projects was as follows For projects spreading 1-3 states, we covered 100% states For projects spreading 4-6 states, we covered 50% states For projects spread over in more than 6 states, we covered 1/4 states

The spread of states across the geographical regions was also taken into account during selection.

Strata 2: within each selected state we selected all the trades and then tried to categorise beneficiaries according to sub trades. Thus, we devised a specific approach to select beneficiaries within sub trades because female beneficiaries were not involved equally in all sub trades. And coverage of adequate number of female beneficiaries was our mandate.

Strata 3: within each selected sub trades we prepared sub strata of male and female trainees. From the provided and categorised list actual selection of beneficiaries were selected. We tried to ensure that we are selecting equal number of male and female beneficiaries.

All the selected beneficiaries/trainees were contacted through personal face-to-face interactions.

With support from the representatives of the implementing agency, the evaluation team covered 4583 beneficiaries. Out of the total beneficiaries covered as a part of the project, 3196 beneficiaries were males while 1387 beneficiaries were females. Equal numbers of female beneficiaries were not available since


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many of them had either left their job or got migrated after marriage. Also in some of the trades in which the Implementing Agencies are imparting training (such as Construction sector, Security services, etc.), females are less interested or not interested at all and hence did not get enrolled for training.

Table 1.1: Project-wise Sample Coverage Respondents S.

No. Project

Implementing Agency Director/in-

charge/Head of Project

Implementation Agency

Placement Facilitator/ In charge

Faculty/ Resource persons

BPL Male Trainees

BPL Female

Trainees

Differently abled male &

female beneficiaries

1. A&D Solaris 1 1 1 50 152 NA

2. Aide et Action 1 1 1 145 58 NA

3. AISECT 1 1 1 137 66 NA

4. Ajmal Foundation 1 1 0 202 0 NA

5. Bhaskar Foundation 1 1 1 190 10 NA

6. BVV Sangha 1 1 1 161 39 NA

7. Cap Foundation 1 1 2 149 55 NA

8. CLEF 1 2 1 106 2 NA

9. FIWE 1 1 1 185 15 NA

10. Grameen Labs East 1 0 1 67 31 NA

11. Grameen Labs North 1 1 2 78 122 NA

12. IL&FS Seam I 1 1 1 14 222 NA

13. IL&FS Seam II 1 1 1 11 190 NA

14. ISAP 1 1 1 129 5 NA

15. Jagruti Foundation 1 1 1 200 17 NA

16. L&T 1 NA 1 122 0 NA

17. Lupin Foundation 1 1 1 27 13 NA

18. NIIT 1 1 1 118 82 NA

19. NIS Sparta 1 1 1 194 6 NA

20. Pipal Tree 1 0 0 190 10 NA

21. Sahaj 1 1 1 200 3 NA

22. SSCI 1 0 0 200 0 NA

23. SSST 1 1 1 163 37 NA

24. Tally 1 1 1 131 70 NA

25. Technopak 1 1 1 27 182 NA

TOTAL 25 22 24 3196 1387 NA*

* The differently abled beneficiaries were not available as they were not part of the training imparted by the various

Implementing Agencies

All the filled-in questionnaires of the quantitative survey were handled at Mott MacDonald office in Noida for analysis. These questionnaires were scrutinized by the team and then scanned for data entry.


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The quantitative data was processed using Cardiff Teleform Reader, wherein the data is scanned and then converted to SPSS files – this software minimizes the data processing time – this is an expensive processing software and its technology is available with Mott MacDonald which eases the data processing activity and reduces the time and chances of error.

The qualitative open-ended responses were content analyzed and summarized according to major themes.

We have developed a holistic data analysis and tabulation plan during inception phase itself. Using these tabulation plans, data processing was carried out. Our in-house specialists handled the data processing.

Key Findings

Planning & implementation

All the implementing agencies were enquired regarding their mode of selection of beneficiaries. The criteria for selection involved were in accord with guidelines provided by the MORD. Rural BPL cardholders between the age group of 18-35 years were the minimum criteria for selection of the beneficiaries in coordination with District Rural Development Agency (DRDA).The selection of the beneficiaries also depended on an aptitude test which was conducted by the PIAs. Apart from this a survey was undertaken to identify the requirement of the industry in and around the geographical area where centre for training was established.

Community Mobilization Drive (CMD) is the primary step towards mobilization of the scheme. The participating PIAs used the under mentioned strategies for mobilization of youth. Use of mass media (Television, Radio, Newspaper etc) Use of local media (At community, block and district level) Volunteering (Educational, Higher Educational Institutions, Retired Professionals, Corporate CSRs,

PSU/Defence service personnel etc) Mobile Vans Poster and banner campaigns Distribution of leaflets and pamphlets Road Shows Organizing events to spread awareness about the programme and motivate candidates to join the

training courses. Door to door mobilization

Process involved in scheme monitoring and evaluation

Regular feedback was obtained by the Implementing Agencies from the beneficiaries during the training. The beneficiaries had given the feedback that the skilled development programme though being short term had been able to give them sufficient knowledge required to secure a job. Utilisation certificates are submitted yearly (every financial year) by the Implementing Agencies to Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)

Capacity of Project implementation Agency

A few implementing agencies like A&D Solaris, L&T, BVV Sangha and Pipal Tree Ventures Limited used their own machinery and equipment for the training. It was found that majority of the implementing agency


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about 44 percent had their own infrastructure. Other implementing agencies corresponding to almost 28 percent hired infrastructure for implementation of the scheme. A few agencies like Ajmal Foundation upgraded their existing infrastructure to meet the requirements of the project.

Mode and Duration of training Course

The content of the training programme and the timing of the training course was designed in specific manner so that maximum benefit can be delivered to the beneficiaries in minimum time. It as observed that the duration of the training programme was mainly for 2 – 3 months. A combination of audio and visual mode of training was used to impart training to the beneficiaries. Training content was focused on technical skills, life skills etc and most importantly based on the requirement of the industries.

Capacity Building, Post Training Placement Procedure & Tracking System

According to the implementing agencies, they recruited trainers who were experts in their fields and had relevant experience of working at the grass root level. Each candidate was supported to develop their profile to help them access better job opportunities in a professional manner. Apart from learning specific trades, orientation programme were organized for the personality development, confidence building, self esteem, motivational skills, and communication skills, etiquettes etc It must be noted that a major proportion (64 percent) of the PIAs, particularly the faculty members, felt that the potential companies look for both technical and soft skills possessed by the employees.

The beneficiaries were placed across different sectors based on the trades in which they were imparted training. The implementing agencies which were engaged in the construction sector (L&T and Pipal Tree Ventures Limited) placed all the beneficiaries trained by them, within their own organisation. Implementation agency contacted the potential employers either telephonically or had meetings with the HR staff of these organizations to assess their manpower requirements.

Impact of scheme in the lives of BPL population

Socio-economic profile

A complete overview on the socio-economic profile of all the contacted beneficiaries suggest that majority of the participants belonged to Hindu religion corresponding to almost 85 percent. Apart from this about 10 percent of the total beneficiary also belonged from Muslim community.

Most of the beneficiaries interviewed had enrolled themselves for the training only during the last 2-3 years. Since the main focus of this scheme was the upliftment of the poor and backward rural youth, the implementing agencies took special attention during the selection of the beneficiary. About 32 percent of the total beneficiary belonged to Other Backward Classes (OBC) and about 28 percent of the total beneficiary belonged to Schedule Caste.

The beneficiaries were enquired if they possessed any skills prior to the training imparted by the PIAs. It was observed that almost all the beneficiaries contacted possessed some or the other skills before receiving training from the PIA (only exception has been observed in case of Bhaskar Foundation, CLEF and FIWE, where a major proportion of the beneficiaries reported that they did not possess any skills prior to this training).Beneficiaries who already had some other skills found the training to be an added on advantage to their existing skills and this have helped them to find a better job.


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The information about the employment of other household members was also gathered. Majority of beneficiaries had their other family members engaged as either agricultural labours or as casual labours. The casual labours were primarily engaged as mechanics and labourers in the construction sector or as daily wage earners. However the exceptions were Sahaj, Grameen Labs North and SSST where the maximum beneficiaries had their own agricultural farms as additional sources of income.

Awareness of SGSY and Special SGSY

Most of the beneficiaries across the twenty five projects were aware of the SGSY scheme and its objectives and all the beneficiaries claimed that they were taking benefits of the scheme. This was one of the major achievements of these agencies, since all the beneficiaries had in-depth information about the scheme under which they were enrolled.

Benefits received under the scheme

On enquiring about the benefits that the beneficiaries had received under the scheme, most of the beneficiaries across the implementing agencies expressed that the training had provided them skills required for getting employment. It was also found that the training programme was found to be suitable in terms of timings and location by almost all the beneficiaries interviewed. Analysis of the data suggests that involvement of male candidates were more prominent as compared to the female candidates. However in some trades like apparel, service sector in retail outlets of malls female candidates were also involved and were benefited.

Appropriateness of training

For all the implementing agencies, the beneficiaries found the duration of the training programme appropriate. All the beneficiaries were satisfied with the condition of the training facility which included facilities like ventilation, lighting, chairs and tables, drinking water and clean toilets. All the respondents said that the training employed a combination of audio, video and electronic tools.

Satisfaction and confidence level after receiving training

Approximately all the respondents across the twenty five projects reported that the trained personnel were highly satisfied with their placement, compensation and the companies they worked with, except in the case of Lupin Foundation where about 85.7% were not satisfied with their placements and compensation. Nearly 96% respondents across the implementing agencies said that the scheme had helped them in finding a job of their choice.

Nearly 88% respondents were satisfied with their jobs and said that these were stable and they would continue with their current jobs. According to 90% beneficiaries, the current employment was providing them good knowledge and learning opportunities which would benefit them in their career growth. However during evaluation of Lupin Foundation’s project, it was observed that only one-third of the total beneficiaries interviewed were satisfied with their jobs. Almost all the beneficiaries suggested that the training have not only helped them in finding job , but have also helped them in building better personality and had been a boost to their self confidence.


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Pre-training situation and Post-training situation

It was found that the average income of the beneficiaries before the training programme was about INR 2000 monthly, which got raised up to INR 5000 on an average. However beneficiaries from certain implementing agencies like AISECT,L& T and NIS Sparta have shown drastic increase in their average income. Some of the beneficiaries from the pre mentioned agencies even earn up to maximum of INR 9000 monthly

Less than 5% beneficiaries across the implementing agencies had taken loan from a money lender/bank prior to this training. These beneficiaries who had taken loans expressed that there has been improvement in their situation in terms of payment of their existing loans as a result of the training and the placement thereafter.

The training and the placement thereafter has brought about an improvement in social status of families of all the beneficiaries. About one-tenth of the beneficiaries expressed that the placement as a result of the training had facilitated marriage of their family members. However, majority of the beneficiaries could purchase some assets like two wheelers, mobile phones, etc. as a result of the training which is a significant achievement of the project.

Issues and Recommendation


Based on Perceptions of Stakeholders

In present scenario market assessment is also done by the PIA and proposal submitted, which may be biased therefore market assessment of the region, wherein trainings have to be imparted. Ideally, it should be done by a third party to validate the realistic picture and then the proposal along with the market assessment report should be submitted to MoRD.

Problems were faced by the implementing agency in ensuring retention of the students at their work place. This is due to the fact that the beneficiaries primarily belong to the rural areas and are not able to culturally adapt to the urban lifestyle.

Based on Data Analysis

Selection of beneficiaries for training programme is dependent upon the educational qualification of the individual. This restricts the reach of the scheme to a particular section of people.

Challenges were faced in motivating the youth, especially women to join the training programme. In many cases resistance was also faced from the family members.

Monitoring & Evaluation


There is a need to identify suitable performance indicators so that there is consistency between performance indicators and the scheme objectives. It is also important to strengthen the capacity of


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the district/block level agency to generate and transmit quality data on identified parameters to help in decision-making. Increasing use of information technology should be made for speedy transmission of data to decision-making authorities and making the system effective. Besides, to strengthen the monitoring system, it is suggested that inspection reports should be enclosed with the proposal for release of grants.

Tracking of Students was quite difficult as they frequently change their phone numbers.

Apart from change in phone number, the tracking also becomes impossible as they change jobs and relocate to places outside their native places.

It was found that women beyond 35 years of age are willing to join the training programme. However present scheme guidelines do not allow the involvement of women beyond 35 years.

Impact of scheme


It was felt that the PIAs should be allotted projects based on its capability and expertise in a particular trade/ skill in coordination with the market assessment of the regions and thereby making the allotments. We would recommend that a region specific market assessment at national level should be carried out by a third party and then allotments of specific PIA agencies should be done accordingly.

It was observed that knowledge about the scheme and its various aspects are limited because of which it had impact on the overall success of the project. Hence, there is a need to create awareness about the scheme. This can be done by giving wide publicity to the scheme, its components and procedure to avail the benefit from them through electronic and print media particularly television and radio.

Awareness generation among the people about the SGSY scheme of MoRD was found to be low because of which its affected impact on the project.

It was found that lack of support & co-ordination between the local governing bodies at the district and state level acted as a hurdle due to which there were delays in the project implementation on certain occasions.

Recommendations


Implementing agency should be empowered by the Government with the budget to take the beneficiaries to exposure visits to the cities so as to culturally acclimatize them to these areas. This will ensure long term retention of the beneficiaries at their work place.

The success rate of the project can be enhanced under the surveillance of a proper feedback mechanism from the beneficiaries at a pre defined regular interval during training course. This can


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ensure plugging the difficulties faced by the beneficiaries and can also highlight the lacuna in the implementation part of the PIAs.

Looking at the eagerness of the women who are beyond 35 years of age, the guidelines of the scheme can be revised to include beneficiaries beyond the age of 35 years.

In order to make this scheme more successful and beneficial to the actual needy candidates, the selection criteria of the beneficiaries can be revised. Priorities can be given to the uneducated individuals during the process of selection of beneficiaries. The already existing selection procedure based on the generalized aptitude test can be segmented. Two different types of aptitude tests can be carried out a) one for the educated individuals and b) another for the uneducated individuals. This can provide a fair chance for both the groups to get selected for the training programme.

Efforts should be made to motivate the beneficiaries to relocate outside their native places where they could find better opportunities suited to their skills.

Regular interactions/meetings to be organised with the potential employers to understand their requirements and offers they can make.

Role of District Administration officials for mobilisation and placement need to be defined in addition to joint review of the programme.

Involvement of district officials in the programme is required to avoid implementation level difficulties.

Efforts from State Government for monitoring the scheme can be encouraged for identifying the various complications at the implementation level of the project which can be addressed at the ministry in the centre

The main reason for the low participation of the women in the programme was resistance from the family. In order to overcome such problems, awareness generation campaign can be organized by the PIAs. Apart from these availability of residential facility from the PIAs end can enhance the women participation in the programme. Also selection of women in groups from same villages can reduce the resistance of the parents as that can provide a sense of security for their children.

Monitoring & Evaluation

An effective monitoring system should be put in place for the constant monitoring and tracking of the beneficiaries. A web based tracking system could be developed (as being done by L&T) and each beneficiary could be assigned a unique identification number. This can be replicated by other Implementing Agencies which would enable effective monitoring and tracking of beneficiaries during and after training.


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Impact of scheme

The scheme should positively consider the entrepreneurship model and not only placements as some students, especially girls from various communities would like to start their own enterprises. To encourage this practice, role of banks needs to be specified.

Efforts should be made to motivate the youth and their families to support their children to take up training and placements.

Constant handholding should be done with all employers, especially those which are far away from the beneficiaries’ hometowns.

Agencies like NCVT need to recognise the courses that will improve the trust of the employers in such projects.

Role of NYK and DRDA has to be enhanced to organise district level conventions to make the project visible and create networks.


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1.1 Overview of SGSY

India’s anti-poverty strategy comprises of a wide range of poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes, many of which have been in operation for several years and have been strengthened to generate more employment, create productive assets, impart technical and entrepreneurial skills and raise the income level of the poor. The Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India is the agency which has been implementing, through the State Governments and Union Territory administrations, many development schemes since independence with a mandate to eradicate poverty, generate employment and establish food security. Under these schemes, both wage employment and self-employment are provided to the people below the poverty line. In 1998-99, the Government of India proposed to unify various poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes under two broad categories of Self Employment Schemes and Wage Employment Schemes. Among these, is the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), which is a Self Employment Scheme launched with an objective to bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgaries) above the poverty line by ensuring appreciable sustained level of income over a period of time. This objective is to be achieved by inter alia organising the rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilization, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets. The SHG approach helps the poor to build their self-confidence through community action. This process ultimately leads to the strengthening and socio-economic empowerment of the rural poor as well as improve their collective bargaining power.

In a nutshell, the cluster development approach has been taken up by the implementation of SGSY wherein Self Help Groups were promoted to take up self employment drive, they were provided hand holding support so that big federations can be formed and converted into chain of small enterprises. The SHGs were linked to small Service area Banks and provided with small revolving funds in order to keep them financially independent. These credits linked SHGs were further motivated to take loan from Banks as per their independent business plan. In all these activities Non Government Organisations have provided significant inputs like forming SHGs, nurturing them, building capacity, linking them with bank etc.

1.1.1 Salient Features of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)

SGSY particularly focuses on the most deprived groups among the rural poor. Accordingly, the SC/STs account for at least 50% of the Swarozgaris, women for 40%, minorities for 15% and the disabled for 3%. At the Block level, at least half of the groups are exclusively women groups. The Group activity is given preference and progressively majority of the funds are for self-help groups.

Subsidy under SGSY is uniform at 30% of the project cost subject to the maximum of Rs. 7500. In respect of SC/STs, however these are 50% and Rs. 10,000 respectively. For groups of Swarozgaris (SHGs), the subsidy is at 50% of the cost of the scheme subject to a ceiling of Rs. 1.25 lakhs. Credit is the key component and subsidy is only minor and enabling component of SGSY.

Since its inception, DRDA (District Rural Development Agency) has been giving more emphasis on Self Help Groups (SHGs) which have been found to be more feasible and acceptable in the rural areas because of its stress in community participation for removing social injustices. Under the SGSY, funds are released to the DRDAs and are utilized as per the decision taken at the local level. Sometimes, the poverty reduction efforts require coordinated action by different departments and it may call for planning and coordination which may extend beyond the individual districts. There may also be occasions when different departments or DRDAs or State Governments might want to try out new initiatives which are in the nature of pioneer

1. Introduction


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projects, capable of triggering much needed growth impulses. Such projects are indicators of possible alternative strategies. In order to take up such projects, 15% of the funds under SGSY are set apart by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India for such initiatives in conjunction with other departments, semi-government organizations such as the Khadi & Village Industries Commission, Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Commodity Boards etc. or international organizations. This includes initiatives to be taken in the individual districts or across the districts. If during the course of the year, such funds cannot be fully utilized, the balance funds is distributed among the States along with the programme funds whose redistribution during the year keeps in view the absorption capacity of different States. The funds are shared by State & Centre in the ratio of 25:75 and the eligible items of expenditure are as follows: Training (10% of allocation) Infrastructure (20% of allocation) Revolving fund (10% of allocation) Subsidy for economic activities (60% of allocation)

1.2 Special Projects for SGSY

Following the recommendations of an Inter-Ministerial Group (IMG) constituted to address the issue of capacity building and training, the Special Projects for Skill Development of Rural Youths under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was designed to equip the unemployed rural youths from the BPL Households with marketable skills, which would enable them to either secure placement in the industry or pursue sustainable self employment opportunities through micro enterprise.

These programmes were aimed at delivery of training, largely through the government machinery, supported by some civil society participants. Under special project component of SGSY, placement linked skill development programme was taken up on pilot basis through public private partnership (PPP). In view of success of the pilot projects, efforts have been made to up-scale the skill development programme as it was felt that regular wage employment to at least one member of rural BPL family will enable the family to come out of poverty. In this perspective, MORD has made concerted efforts in bringing about paradigm shifts in the delivery mechanism and in involving industry stakeholders, besides strengthening the process through output linked support. MORD has so far assisted several PPP or private sector led initiatives emanating from industry, civil society organizations etc.

1.2.1 Objective of Special Projects under SGSY

The objective of each Special Project for Skill Development is to ensure a time-bound training and capacity building programme for bringing a specific number of Below Poverty Line (BPL) families above the poverty line through placement ensuring regular wage employment.

1.3 Implementation of Special Project for SGSY

1.3.1 Strategy & Approach

Placement Linked: Assured placement for at least 75% of the trainees. This is a demand driven programme and one of the main pre-requisite of the program is the commitment of the Partner Implementing Agency (PIA)/industry to employ the trained persons.

Physical infrastructure: No new infrastructure creation is supported by MoRD under the Program. Leverage and utilization of existing infrastructure and facilities for operation of training centres is the


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fundamental principle. This enables appropriate use of underutilized infrastructure and helps immediate start of the training programme in decentralized locations.

Machinery and Equipment: The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) has to arrange for requisite machinery and equipments on its own or from the perspective employers to the extent possible on lease/rent or as contribution/participation of employer/PIA.

Training Content: The PIA has to ensure innovative content development with inputs from the industry to ensure employability as per current industry practices. Course/curriculum should preferably be designed jointly with prospective employers/industry. Training and course content designed in local languages has to be ensured to enable better absorption by BPL youth who may not have exposure to English.

Skill sets: The objective of the program is to impart skills necessary for regular employment, so that the initial wages are not less than the prescribed minimum wages. In addition to technical skills, Soft Skills are also to be imparted to beneficiaries to face transition challenges of moving from an agrarian backdrop to the industry environment.

Training Partners: Partnership with training agencies and employers, which have aptitude and capability to conduct training and placement of rural BPL youth after certification acceptable to the industry, is solicited.

Course Duration: Preferably short duration up to three months, so that the opportunity cost of being away from productive work opportunities during training period are minimized.

Certification and Assessment of trainees: Independent certification and assessment by third party agencies acceptable to the industry or employers is mandatory to ensure high quality standards and employment.

Mobilization and Selection of Trainees: All the trainees in the age group of 18-35 years with requisite aptitude depending upon the trade or job requirements are to be selected from rural BPL families, as per the list maintained by the District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) / State Government. The Project Implementing Agency (PIA) takes up appropriate awareness and publicity campaign in local electronic/print media and organize meetings especially in SC, ST and minority pockets in rural areas for selection of beneficiaries. Priority is accorded to SC/ST certificate holders, minorities and women headed rural BPL households duly verified by the Panchayat/Block/Tehsil functionary as BPL may be treated as sufficient for candidate selection by PIA/DRDA. The Implementing Agency ensures that out of the total beneficiaries covered, a minimum of 50% is from SC/ST. Women and minority categories to be accorded a priority in selection of candidates depending on demographic profile and trade requirements.

Preliminary Screening of Candidates: The trainees mobilized are put through an assessment process or other basic screening tests to assess the need and aptitude that are fundamental to the trades in which training is to be imparted and also to reduce mid course/post training dropout of candidates before placements.

1.3.2 Funding

MoRD provides funding support up to 75% of the training cost, with a maximum total project cost of Rs.15 crore per project. Balance is to be mobilized by the Implementing agencies (IA) through contributions from State Government, industry and other sources.


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In Special Projects where 25% contribution towards project cost is borne by the implementing agency, employer, industry or sources other than the government, utilization certificate is to be furnished for the project only in respect of the government grant. In such projects, audit reports should reflect the entire Government Grant (central and state share and interest thereon) and cash contribution if any from other sources.

In the case of contribution in kind by the Implementing Agency, the Auditor provides a separate certificate indicating the valuation of cost components borne by the IA. The Audited Accounts, however, need not reflect this as part of receipts. The project cost break-up comprising of required parameters shall be submitted with the proposal. Cost break up given by the IA will become part of project performance requirements. It has to be certified by the Auditors of IAs as having been implemented.

Utilization for claiming 2nd and 3rd instalments are seen with reference to the total expenditure in cash or kind. The contribution of the IA has to be proportionate to the central/state share as per approved estimates.

1.3.3 Cost Norms

The cost norms for various components of programme are as under: Sl No. Components Maximum Cost (Rs. per beneficiary)

1. Training Cost, mobilization of beneficiaries, Curriculum, Training of Trainers, Utilities, Infrastructure, Equipments, Teaching aids, raw materials, etc.

2. Boarding & Lodging or food and to and fro transport of trainees 3. Assessment & Certification 4. Placement Linkage 5. MIS & Tracking/monitoring 6. Institutional overheads (Admn. Costs) maximum up to 10 % of

the total project cost

Irrespective of sectors or coverage, upto Rs 12100* per head or cost worked out in the project report whichever is less

7. Assistance during post placement settlement support for trainees

@ Rs.1000 per month subject to maximum of Rs. 2000/- payable to candidates during placement after training

8. Total Up to Rs 12100 + 2000 (Rs.14100)* or cost estimates in the project report whichever is less. The cost will be exclusive of monitoring charges of agencies like NIRD, NABARD etc.

* This is maximum MoRD funding in each project and treated as 75% of the project cost and remaining 25% has to be contributed by the State Govt./PIA/other agencies, as the case may be

1.3.4 Appraisal of Projects

All projects of various organizations or PIAs are first appraised by the state government/national level coordinating agencies such as NIRD, NABARD etc. (or any other agency approved by the Department) as the case may be and routed through these agencies. In case of state specific projects, PAC can get the projects appraised by independent agency as well. State government /Monitoring Agency certifies the credentials of IA after examining their financial position, experience in implementing such projects, infrastructure facilities and other indicators before consideration of the proposal by PAC. The Project Screening and Project Approval Committee will consider the projects received from state government and other agencies only after receipt of appraisal report and credential verification of PIA.


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1.3.5 Release of Funds On approval of the projects, funds are released for coordinating, monitoring and fund routing Agencies

in 3 instalments, i.e. 25:50:25. The funds are routed through the states Government/Funds routing, Monitoring & coordination agencies

to the PIA’s.

1.3.6 Role of the State Rural Development Department

State specific Special Project Proposals would have to be routed through the Rural Development/ Panchayati Raj Department, which is in charge of implementation of the SGSY in the State. The responsibility of the Rural Development Department of the respective States would be to expedite formulation of appropriate project proposals, pre appraisal and to indicate State’s share, monitoring framework and coordination with line departments in the State/Centre that would ensure convergence of activities and their focus on BPL families. In case multi state projects, state government has to act as facilitator and provide requisite support in terms of infrastructure, resources, selection of beneficiaries etc to the extent possible and monitor the implementation and outcomes.

1.4 Present Status of the Scheme

Since 2004-05 within the above special project component, MoRD has also been taking up ‘Placement linked skill development projects’ (for wage employment) on pilot basis. Half of the 15% for placement linked skill development projects has been transferred to the states for projects within the states and the remaining will be retained at the centre for inter-state projects.

The main objective of the training is to equip rural youths with marketable skills to enhance their capacity to secure wage employment in the organised sector with adequate income generation. This skill development programme is an integral part of SGSY and training is provided on the basis of market demand and potential market opportunities.

Since 2006-07, only placement linked skill development projects have been considered and are being sanctioned except a few innovative and marketing linkage projects. The impact that this programme can have on the lives of poor rural youth is immense as it can result in transformation in the life of not only the youth but his/her whole family. This approach could be one of the fastest ways to come out of poverty for rural youth who have dropped out of school/college.

By end of June 2011, 150 placement linked skill development projects have been sanctioned with total project cost of INR 1647.96 crores to train 11.72 lakh youth. As per the available data, MoRD has released INR 459.10 crores and 3.5 lakh youth have been trained by the Project Implementing agencies (PIAs), out of which, 2.68 lakh youth have been placed in various jobs. The data indicates that this concept has been picked up from 2008-09 onwards. The sectors covered include construction, apparel, IT, retail, hospitality, security, leather, automobile repairing and other services. Normal project period for implementation of these projects is 3 to 5 years and majority of these projects are at different stages of implementation. Besides MoRD, states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are also implementing similar programme with funding from the State Government and other sources.

Placement linked skill development is now planned to be taken up on a larger scale as it could be an important tool to bring the BPL family above the poverty line by imparting skills and regular salaried employment to one of the family members. Further, this programme is to supplement the efforts made


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under the National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) which targets to have 500 million trained technical manpower by 2022.

Out of 150 projects sanctioned so far only a few projects have been reported to be complete. Thus, it has been decided by the MoRD to conduct an evaluation/impact assessment study of some of the completed and ongoing projects through an independent third party agency.

1.5 About the projects under evaluation

Ministry of Rural Development’s (MoRD) special projects for placement linked skill development of rural below poverty line (BPL) youth under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), is designed to equip the unemployed rural youth from the BPL households with marketable skills with an objective to ensure a time-bound training and capacity building programme for bringing a specific number of rural BPL families above the poverty line through placement ensuring regular wage employment.

Realizing the urgency and importance of rural training and employment generation MoRD has partnered with different agencies to implement SGSY special project scheme under public-private-partnership to generate employment for the rural youth population below poverty line (BPL).

A brief description of the projects evaluated is given below (Details are presented in Individual PIA Reports).

1.5.1 A&D Solaris

A&D Solaris under Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) of the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, is implementing the Special Project aimed at skill development of disadvantaged rural youth in the country, with a view to provide them with jobs/ placements. The project started in January 2009 and is aimed at covering 15000 beneficiaries in the states of Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and Pondicherry. A total of 8738 beneficiaries have been enrolled for the training so far.

1.5.2 Aide et Action

Aide et Action in 2007 formed partnership with Government of India (Ministry of Rural Development) under sponsorship of SGSY (Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna) - Special Project to provide Placement linked training to BPL youth in six states namely Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

1.5.3 All India Society for Electronic & Computer Technology (AISECT)

The All India Society for Electronic & Computer Technology (Project Implementing Agency) Head Office is located the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, i.e. Bhopal and they got the SGSY Special project – Special Project under SGSY for establishing livelihood resources centres with a view to generate employment and self-employment opportunities for BPL youths – in the year 2008.


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1.5.4 Ajmal Foundation

Ajmal Foundation has partnered with MoRD in 2009 to implement SGSY special project scheme under public-private-partnership for skill development training for employment and placement (STEP) for rural youth of below poverty line (BPL) families in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Assam. Ajmal Foundation is a Registered Public Charitable Trust with a mission to serve humanity in need and vision to build an enlightened and progressive society through service, awareness and education, the Ajmal Foundation has plunged into tremendous social activism to deserve merit as a pioneering NGO in Assam.

1.5.5 Bhaskar Foundation

The Bhaskar Foundation got the SGSY project in the year 2009 to uplift the youth belonging to the rural BPL category. The Project was sanctioned by the Ministry of Rural Development (MORD), Government of India, to train and place beneficiaries in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

1.5.6 BVV Sangha

BVV Sangha under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) of the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, is implementing the Special Project aimed at skill development of disadvantaged rural youth in the country, with a view to providing them with jobs/ placements. The project started in 2009 and is aimed at covering 5940 beneficiaries in the state of Karnataka.

1.5.7 CAP Foundation

CAP Foundation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with MoRD and NABARD Consultancy Services Private Limited (NABCONS), to implement – Special Project under SGSY for training and placement of 8370 rural BPL Youth in six states (Haryana, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh). The financial assistance for this project is provided under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) special project by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.

1.5.8 Career Launcher Education Foundation

Career Launcher Education Foundation had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India in 2009 in support of MoRD’s implementation of Skill Development Programme as means to poverty alleviation. The objective of the project was to train 8400 BPL youth in states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

1.5.9 Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE)

The Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE) got the SGSY project in October 2008 to uplift the youth belonging to the rural BPL category. The Project was sanctioned by the MORD, GOI, to train and place 5000 beneficiaries. The programme was implemented in 3 states namely Rajasthan, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.

1.5.10 Grameen LABS - East & North

Dr. Reddy’s Foundation (DRF) had partnered with MoRD to implement SGSY special project scheme under public-private-partnership to generate employment for the rural youth population below poverty line (BPL). Grameen LABS is a ‘Special Project’ under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) of the


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Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, aimed at skill development of disadvantaged rural youth in the country, with a view to providing them with jobs/ placements. The project is implemented by Dr. Reddy’s Foundation (DRF), under its Livelihood Advancement Business School (LABS) vocational training program. In Phase I (Pilot Phase) of the project, which was concluded in November 2007, the states covered were: Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

1.5.11 Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd. (IL&FS) - Seam I & II

IL&FS Cluster Development Initiative Limited had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India in support of MoRD’s implementation of Skill Development Programme as means to poverty alleviation. IL&FS through its initiative SPRING (Skills Program for Inclusive Growth) endeavours to catalyze, facilitate and manage large scale, demand- driven skills training and placement programs with the twin objectives of enabling poverty alleviation in rural areas and meeting requirements of various industries for skilled workers. SPRING aims to provide vocational training to 30,000 rural youth from BPL families and place them for employment with various manufacturing and service industries. Under the aegis of SPRING, IL&FS has successfully trained and secured employment to a larger number of rural youth in the apparel sector through Skills for Employment in Apparel Manufacturing (SEAM) program.

1.5.12 Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP)

ISAP covered 2500 beneficiaries in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Under this scheme, the agency had to provide guaranteed employment to at least 75% of BPL beneficiaries, of which placement of total 1875 beneficiaries was done under this project. Three months training is provided to below poverty youth (age group 18-35 years). After completion of training, employment is provided to beneficiaries preferably in local district / state. Even after providing employment to these beneficiaries, one year hand holding support is given to them. The major domains of training have been - Agriculture management, Rural Sales and marketing and Warehouse management.

1.5.13 Jagruti Foundation

Jagruti Foundation under Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) of the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, is implementing the Special Project in Hospitality aimed at skill development of disadvantaged rural youth in the country, with a view to providing them with jobs/ placements. The project started in August 2008 and is aimed at covering 12,728 beneficiaries in the states of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Orissa.

1.5.14 Larsen & Toubro Ltd. (L&T)

Larsen & Toubro Ltd., ECC Division, had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding in March 2009 with the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India with support of MoRD’s implementation of “Demand Driven Skill Development Programme” of livelihood through training. This strategic tie-up with


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MoRD is a part of L&T’s Skill Development Initiatives by means of training the rural youth in Construction Skills, to enable their livelihood and that it is covered under Swaranjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) of Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The project plan of this MoU envisages training of 15,000 rural youth Below Poverty Line (BPL), to be sourced by MoRD, from 5 states, viz., Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh and the project duration is 3 years commencing from April 2009.

1.5.15 Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation

Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation (LHWRF) operationalized Kaushal Institute in partnership with Government of India (Ministry of Rural Development) sponsored by SGSY - Special Project (Swarna Jayanti Gramin Swarozgar Yojna) in 2009 and provided training in Security Guards, Housekeeping and Beauty Assistance in six districts of Rajasthan and providing 100% placement through reputed private security agencies and facility management companies across India to 12,000 rural BPL (Below Poverty Line) youths.

1.5.16 NIIT

NIIT was awarded the SGSY project in the year 2010. NIIT has been awarded this project to train 31,200 rural BPL youth across India in 26 states (Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan).

1.5.17 NIS Sparta

NIS Sparta got the SGSY project in the year 2009 to uplift the youth belonging to the rural BPL category. The Project was sanctioned by the MORD, GOI, to train and place BPL beneficiaries in various geographical regions. The scheme was funded by the Ministry of Rural Development. The central government funded 75%, while the implementing agency had to source for the remaining 25% funds. The grant from the Ministry was given in three instalments – 50%, 25% and 25%. All these instalments were realised against fixed deliverables.

1.5.18 Pipal Tree Ventures Private Limited

Pipal Tree Ventures Private Limited in partnership with Government of India (Ministry of Rural Development) sponsored SGSY- Special Project in 2010 and provided Placement linked training to 7800 BPL youth in three states namely Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the project, the total beneficiaries trained by 2011 were 4000.

1.5.19 SREI Sahaj e-Village Limited

SREI Sahaj e-Village Limited had proposed for the Implementation of Placement Linked Skill Development Special Project under SGSY. The approval was granted for the training and placement of 7,800 beneficiaries. As of March 2012, 8000 youth have been trained in the areas of security services and welding, out or which 6082 have been placed. Sahaj takes the responsibility through its training division the Sahaj Academy and associates, to impart the Demand Based Skill Development Training to these people belonging to the poor strata of the society. SREI Sahaj e-Village Limited is responsible for suitably placing the trainees after successful completion of the Demand Based Training program. Under the SGSY, full


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assistance was given to the poor families living below the poverty line in the rural areas for taking up employment.

1.5.20 Security Skill Council of India (SSCI)

The SSCI was awarded the SGSY project in the year 2009. SSCI has been awarded this project to train 21,500 rural BPL youth across India in 15 states (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal). they have already set up best in class training facilities across multiple states and extensive expansion plans are also in place to address the industry’s needs. The primary objective was to equip the BPL educated and unemployed youth of rural India with adequate knowledge and skills in order to perform security duties effectively.

1.5.21 Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Trust (SSST)

Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Trust – Project Implementing Agency – is located in a village of Resora and they got the SGSY project in the 2001, under the Trust Act. The project was undertaken in Uttarakhand, Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh) and Uttar Pradesh. The total outlay sectioned for the project was INR 1373.93 Lakh; out of which the total contribution from MORD was INR 1030.43 Lakh and the total number of beneficiaries to be covered under the project was 7200.

1.5.22 Tally

The Tally was sanctioned the SGSY project in the year 2009. A Tally initiative to uplift youth belonging to the rural BPL category was kicked off in collaboration with NABARD Consultancy Services. This was sanctioned by the Ministry of Rural Development (MORD), Government of India, as an SGSY Special Project to train and place a pilot batch of 23400 beneficiaries in the areas of IT and accountancy.

1.5.23 Technopak

Technopak has been working for over 16 years with apparel companies across South East Asia, China and Africa, among others in setting up new factories/reengineer existing manufacturing facilities. Operator training is an integral part of any of the initiatives that Technopak undertakes for its clients. Technopak has received wide spread appreciation for the operator training program it undertakes through Advanced Analytical Methods of Training (AAMT ®) program. The objective of the Project was to train and place rural and BPL youth in the apparel industry. These trainees were trained in the training centres established under the project with private companies working in the apparel manufacturing space.


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Mott MacDonald was commissioned the assignment to undertake an Evaluation study of the Placement linked Skill Development Special project under SGSY by the Ministry of Rural Development. Mott MacDonald was assigned the task of evaluating twenty five projects of various implementing agencies undertaking these projects for MORD. The rationale of this study was that in order to implement the programme effectively it is necessary to re-look at the programme and make mid-course correction, if need be. Therefore periodic evaluation/impact assessment studies conducted by the third party independent agency would be beneficial.

2.1 Major Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of the evaluation study were to: Evaluate the processes involved in mobilization, selection of beneficiaries and organizing the training

programme by the PIA’s and find out effectiveness of these processes; Evaluate the availability and quality of infrastructure and the faculty/trainers, norms and requirements; Evaluate post training placement, tracking system and its effectiveness; Assess impact of the training on the participants skill, attitude, performance, income etc; Suggest modification, standards for various processes involved for making the training programme

useful and effective.

2.2 Minor Objectives of the Study

While addressing the above objectives, it was envisaged that the following issues were also probed. Coverage of beneficiaries from various categories. Socio-economic aspects of beneficiaries before and after the programme. Career advancement of the beneficiaries after training and placement. Increase in income and their movement from BPL to APL. Assess the commercial viability of the project taking in to account the adequacy of financial

contributions made by the Government and the Project Implementing Agency (PIA). Highlights of best practices followed in mobilization, training, placement and tracking. Adherence to terms and conditions indicated in the sanction order and retention / tracking of placed

candidates. Documentation of success stories. SWOT analysis of the programme and suggestions.

2.3 Scope of Work

The scope of work for the study included: Undertake survey works in the allotted Special Project(s) as per the methods, sampling and other

evaluation requirements. Prepare a complete list/database of trainees who have received training in the Special Project in

consultation with PIA/PCA of the Special Project, year-wise, trade/theme/subject-wise, type-wise, category, gender-wise, duration-wise and trainees according to their place of work with address (pre-training, post-training). From this list the sample to be drawn.

Prepare the ‘Work Plan’ of the evaluation and all the pre-tested questionnaires (structured and non-structured and check-list etc.) within two weeks after the issue of the Sanction Order and provide the same (soft & hard copy) to the Ministry.

2. Objectives and Methodology


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Prepare a document indicating in detail the training imparted to all the members of the team that undertakes the evaluation of project along with the training manual specially designed for this purpose and made it available to the Ministry.

Prepare evaluation report(s) for each Special Project and consolidated national report, whose basic framework/chapter-plan would be finalised after discussion with the Ministry.

Attend a minimum of two workshops being organized by the Ministry, with their own cost and make presentations, if required, on the findings before officials/invitees.

Become a member of a web-based idea exchange discussion group created by the Ministry and/or the EA itself in the internet and besides exchanging ideas, would post/load all documents as directed by the Ministry from time to time.

Submit (a) 50 hard copies of the final consolidated national report and (b) 10 copies for each sample Special Project reports and (c) 5 Compact Disks containing all reports, data and primary survey data.

In order to ensure quality evaluation results, permanency of the key professionals are to be ensured. Pilot testing would be done before start of administering the structured questionnaires. Field staff must be trained scientifically and sufficiently with the help of training manual specially designed for this study. Data/information would be utilized for analysis only after proper validation and cleaning with the help of suitable IT tools. Expanded notes of qualitative discussions, translated to English shall be prepared.

2.4 Approach

Mott MacDonald has more than four decades of experience in managing similar projects in India. In nutshell our approach was: Collect relevant data & information from Ministry of Rural Development and implementing partners

(organisations implementing SGSY) like physical and financial performances, type of trainings carried out, category of beneficiaries (recipient of training), their contact details.

Develop data collection tools in consultation with the client (MoRD). Sample 200 beneficiaries from each scheme following stratified sampling method, strata being

male/female and then sub strata like SC&ST/others and also considering physically challenged trainees.

Collect qualitative information through in-depth discussion with various stakeholders i.e. implementers or instruments of implementation like DRDAs and/or State Governments, director/in-charge head of Project Implementation Agency, training coordinators, training administrators, placement facilitators/ in-charge, faculty/resource persons and supporting staffs.

Translation of study tools into local languages. Pilot testing of the study questionnaire in any state (vicinity to Delhi) and analyse the data so that

corrective actions could be taken. Collect quantitative information from trainees in terms of the impact of scheme on the participant’s skill,

attitude, performance, income etc; pre-training and post-training situation. Analyse the collected data and submit draft report. Prepare final report as per the study objectives including suggestive measures for better

implementation of the scheme.

2.5 Methodology

The study was conducted by addressing the process and outcome underlying the objectives of the study. For this, both primary and secondary data was collected using different type of schedules at different levels of sample units. The proposed study had following phases as mentioned below:


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2.5.1 Stage I: Preparatory Phase

2.5.1.1 Inception of the Study

Our core team had been mobilised within a week of signing the contract. During inception phase, we had a consultative meeting with the key representatives of the client and other relevant stakeholders associated on the assignment to gain a complete understanding of the project and the objectives behind the current assessment. In this meeting, the Mott MacDonald team presented their understanding and requirements for the proposed assignment and also collected the relevant documents required for sampling of assistance cases at scheme level.

This preliminary in-depth understanding enabled us to plan the assignment.

2.5.1.2 Desk Research

A thorough secondary literature review was carried out to understand the status of implementation of scheme. The main sources of secondary data had been from Ministry of Rural Development and Partner Implementation Agencies. Detailed components and activities covered under the scheme Various reports and registers maintained with Ministry and also implementing agencies

This above activity enabled us to draft the inception report.

2.5.2 Stage II: Primary Research

Primary research was taken up using both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Following were the target respondents for implementing agencies of this study:

Director/in-charge head of Project Implementation Agency Training coordinators/ administrators Placement facilitators/in-charge Faculty/resource persons BPL male (ST/SC/Others) trainees BPL Females (ST/SC/Others) trainees Differently abled male & female beneficiaries

Data Collection Tools are attached as Appendix A.

The placement linked skill development project for BPL youth was implemented by the Project Implementing Agencies across various states of the country. Hence, in coordination with the implementing agency, the data collection for evaluation of the agencies was carried out in different states. The states where data collection was carried out included Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi NCR, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, based on the availability of beneficiaries who could be tracked and identified.

The list of sample projects to be evaluated by Mott MacDonald team was provided by the Ministry of Rural Development. However, during the inception phase, while collecting data regarding beneficiaries who have


14


received training as part of each of the sample projects, our team had to replace two projects - 'Special Project under SGSY for Creation of jobs in Growth Sectors for Rural People including youth' [PIA - National Centre for Advanced Training (NCAT)]; and ‘Special Project for setting up Skill Development centres in District Amritsar, Punjab and training to 2500 rural youth’ [ITFT], due to non-cooperation of the PIA officials in providing the list of beneficiaries during the course of the study.

Table 2.1: Project wise detail of states where data collection was carried out S.

No. Name of the Special Project Project Implementing

Agency (PIA) Trade State where Data

Collection was carried out

1 Special project under SGSY for Placement linked Skill development Programme for Rural BPL youth in Apparel Sector – Skill for Employment in Apparel Manufacturing Phase II- Quality & finishing

IL&FS Cluster Development Initiative Ltd

Apparel AP and Karnataka

2 Special project under SGSY for creation of gainful employment opportunities for rural BPL youth for the apparel industry in the country by IL&FS on pilot basis.

IL&FS Cluster Development Initiative Ltd

Apparel AP and Karnataka

3 Special Project under SGSY for job oriented skill based training programme to make the economically challenged BPL youth in North India

Tally IT Punjab and Haryana

4 Special Project for jobs in growth sectors for rural youth through decentralized demand driven training in backward districts by Aide-et-Action

Aide-et-Action Multi-service Bihar

5 Special Project for Skill Development of rural youth in Rajasthan and U.P. on pilot basis by Career Launcher Education Foundation (CLEF)

Career Launcher Education Foundation (CLEF)

Service sector Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana

6 Special Project under SGSY for Skill Development of Rural Youth through Grameen LABS - Zone-1 (North)

Grameen LABS Service sector Punjab and Himachal Pradesh

7 Special Project under SGSY for Skill Up gradation Programme in four States (MP, Maharashtra & Orissa) by Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP)

Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals (ISAP)

Agriculture Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra

8 Special project under SGSY for skill development programme for BPL youth for employment in Security Sector in 12 States by SSCI

SSCI Security service Odisha and Delhi/ NCR

9 Special Project for Skill Based Training for Rural BPL Families in Bagalkot & Bijapur District, Karnataka by BVV Sangha

BVV Sangha Service sector Karnataka

10 Special Project under SGSY for Skill Development of Rural Youth through Grameen LABS-Zone-2 (East)

Grameen LABS Service sector West Bengal

11 Special Project under SGSY for Skill Development of BPL youth in Northern India

NIIT IT Punjab


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S. No.

Name of the Special Project Project Implementing Agency (PIA)

Trade State where Data Collection was carried

out

12 Special Project under SGSY for employment creation through training and skill development to rural youth including women, in demand driven employability sector from BPL families

FIWE Multi sector Madhya Pradesh

13 Special Project under SGSY for establishing livelihood resources centers with a view to generate employment and self-employment opportunities for BPL youths

AIECT IT Madhya Pradesh

14 Special Project under SGSY for placement linked Skill Development programme for 13,330 beneficiaries in rural India

Srei SAHAJ e-Village Ltd Multiple sector Odisha

15 Special project under SGSY for Skill Development in 10 States

CAP Foundation Multiple sector Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh

16 Special Project for Setting up Kaushal Institutes in 6 Districts (Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Sawaimadhopur, Dausa & Alwar) of Rajasthan

Lupin Human Welfare & Research Foundation

Service sector Rajasthan

17 Special Project for integreted placement based skill development programme for rural youth by Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Trust, Sitapur (SSST)

SSST Multiple sector Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

18 Special Project under SGSY for tourism and hospitality based skill development of rural youths

Jagruti Foundation Tourism & Hospitality Andhra Pradesh and Kerala

19 Special project for skill development in Telecom sector

NIS Sparta Telecom Uttar Pradesh and Haryana

20 Special Project for Skill Training for employment in Apparel Manufacturing (SEAM) for creation of gainful employment by Technopak in North, Central & East India

Technopak in North, Central & East

Apparel Karnataka

21 Special project under SGSY for Skill training, Upgradation, Testing & Certification of Workers from unorganized sector belonging BPL category by Larsen & Toubro Ltd

Larsen & Toubro Ltd Construction Uttar Pradesh and Haryana

22 Special Project under SGSY for Placement linked Skill Development programme for rural BPL youth

Pipal Tree Ventures Pvt. Ltd.

Construction Andhra Pradesh and Kerala

23 Special Project for Skill development training for employment and Placement for rural youth belonging to BPL families

Ajmal Foundation Service sector Karnataka and Assam

24 Special Project under SGSY for Employment oriented computer/life skill & vocational training

A&D Solaris Computer/ Life skill Service sector

Tamil Nadu

25 Special Project for Skill Development of BPL Youth

Bhaskar Foundation Engineering Madhya Pradesh


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2.5.2.1 Sampling Plan

As per the TOR, we sampled the beneficiaries under each of 25 projects using stratified sampling method. It was observed that any one project had been implemented in maximum 12 States. Thus, we followed different criteria so that states of each project could be selected proportionately. The strata were as mentioned below:

Strata 1: as mentioned above our approach for selection of states and projects was as follows For projects spreading 1-3 states, we covered 100% states For projects spreading 4-6 states, we covered 50% states For projects spread over in more than 6 states, we covered 1/4 states

The spread of states across the geographical regions was also taken into account during selection.

Strata 2: within each selected state we selected all the trades and then tried to categorise beneficiaries according to sub trades. Thus, we devised a specific approach to select beneficiaries within sub trades because female beneficiaries were not involved equally in all sub trades. And coverage of adequate number of female beneficiaries was our mandate.

Strata 3: within each selected sub trades we prepared sub strata of male and female trainees. From the provided and categorised list actual selection of beneficiaries were selected. We tried to ensure that we are selecting equal number of male and female beneficiaries.

All the selected beneficiaries/trainees were contacted through personal face-to-face interactions.

2.5.2.2 Total Sample coverage

With support from the representatives of the implementing agency, the evaluation team covered 4583 beneficiaries. Out of the total beneficiaries covered as a part of the project, 3196 beneficiaries were males while 1387 beneficiaries were females. Equal numbers of female beneficiaries were not available since many of them had either left their job or got migrated after marriage. Also in some of the trades in which the Implementing Agencies are imparting training (such as Construction sector, Security services, etc.), females are less interested or not interested at all and hence did not get enrolled for training.


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Table 2.2: Project-wise Sample Coverage Respondents S.

No. Project

Implementing Agency Director/in-

charge/Head of Project

Implementation Agency

Placement Facilitator/ In charge

Faculty/ Resource persons

BPL Male Trainees

BPL Female

Trainees

Differently abled male &

female beneficiaries

1. A&D Solaris 1 1 1 50 152 NA

2. Aide et Action 1 1 1 145 58 NA

3. AISECT 1 1 1 137 66 NA

4. Ajmal Foundation 1 1 0 202 0 NA

5. Bhaskar Foundation 1 1 1 190 10 NA

6. BVV Sangha 1 1 1 161 39 NA

7. Cap Foundation 1 1 2 149 55 NA

8. CLEF 1 2 1 106 2 NA

9. FIWE 1 1 1 185 15 NA

10. Grameen Labs East 1 0 1 67 31 NA

11. Grameen Labs North 1 1 2 78 122 NA

12. IL&FS Seam I 1 1 1 14 222 NA

13. IL&FS Seam II 1 1 1 11 190 NA

14. ISAP 1 1 1 129 5 NA

15. Jagruti Foundation 1 1 1 200 17 NA

16. L&T 1 NA 1 122 0 NA

17. Lupin Foundation 1 1 1 27 13 NA

18. NIIT 1 1 1 118 82 NA

19. NIS Sparta 1 1 1 194 6 NA

20. Pipal Tree 1 0 0 190 10 NA

21. Sahaj 1 1 1 200 3 NA

22. SSCI 1 0 0 200 0 NA

23. SSST 1 1 1 163 37 NA

24. Tally 1 1 1 131 70 NA

25. Technopak 1 1 1 27 182 NA

TOTAL 25 22 24 3196 1387 NA*

* The differently abled beneficiaries were not available as they were not part of the training imparted by the various

Implementing Agencies

2.5.2.3 Evaluation Framework

Objectives Areas of enquiry / indicators

Respondents Expected Output

Evaluate the processes involved in mobilization, selection of

Effectiveness of the procedure used for the mobilization of beneficiaries (open


DRDAs and/or State Government

Overall assessment of the process involved in scheme planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation


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beneficiaries and organizing the training programme by the PIA’s and find out effectiveness of these processes

advertisement, sponsorship by state govt. and others, etc)

Minimum criteria fixed for the selection of beneficiaries

Number of participants belong to BPL families

Transparency of the criteria adopted for the selection of beneficiaries

Suitability of Training Programme timings and location

Appropriateness of the duration of Training Programme

Director/in-charge head of Project Implementation Agency

Training Coordinator

Training Administrator

Placement Facilitators/ In-charge

Faculty/Resource persons

Supporting staff

BPL male trainees (ST/SC/Others)

BPL female trainees (ST/SC/Others)

including reporting structures etc.

Evaluate the availability and quality of infrastructure and the faculty/trainers, norms and requirements

Number of persons trained in a batch

Quality of training hall (size, ventilation, fans/AC, lighting, toilet cleanliness, drinking water facility, etc.) hired for training

Types of training aids (Audio, Video, Electronic etc.) used

Method and durations (class room discussion, practice exercises, group activities etc.) adopted for training

Quality of faculty / trainers

Supporting staff



Differently abled male and female trainees (if any)

Overall assessment of the capacities of Project implementation Agency and Coordinating Agencies (PCA)

Evaluate post training placement, tracking system and its effectiveness;

Methods adopted to contact the potential employers,

Time devoted and money spent to reach potential employers

Effectiveness of the employer-mobilization process (success-rate/ strike-rate)

Number of campus

Placement Facilitator/ In-charge




Assessment of post training placement, tracking system and its effectiveness


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interview organized

Proportion of trainees provided jobs

Average income earned per month by participants Vs the amount spent per participants on training

Level of satisfaction among trained personnel regarding their placement, compensation offered and companies they are working in.

Frequency of updating of records of trained personnel about their placement

Tracking of trained personnel placements

Assess impact of the training on the participants skill, attitude, performance, income etc.

Participants’ knowledge, skill, attitude and performance - the four level model suggested by Kirkpatrik and Bloom’s taxonomy would be adopted after suitably modified for the present study.

Level of Job Satisfaction among participants

Participants perception about enhancement of skill after training

Level of confidence among participants after acquiring skill

Socio-economic status of participants before and after training




Overall impact of the scheme in the lives of BPL population, their attitude, performance, income etc; per-training and post-training situation

Objectives vis-à-vis the section(s) where these are addressed is attached as Appendix B.


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2.5.2.4 Field Survey / Implementation

The field study/monitoring were conducted by Monitoring & Evaluation experts who have understanding of training and capacity building interventions.

A one-day orientation programme was organised for the team members involved in the study. The Project Manager of Mott MacDonald imparted the training. The team members were oriented to subject knowledge, interviewing techniques, filling up questions, coding, skip pattern, field procedures etc.

The training included classroom learning and field practice. Actual fieldwork commenced only once the team members were trained to the satisfaction of Project Manager.

2.5.3 Stage III: Data Analysis & Tabulation

All the filled-in questionnaires of the quantitative survey were handled at Mott MacDonald office in Noida for analysis. These questionnaires were scrutinized by the team and then scanned for data entry.

The quantitative data was processed using Cardiff Teleform Reader, wherein the data is scanned and then converted to SPSS files – this software minimizes the data processing time – this is an expensive processing software and its technology is available with Mott MacDonald which eases the data processing activity and reduces the time and chances of error.

The qualitative open-ended responses were content analyzed and summarized according to major themes.

We have developed a holistic data analysis and tabulation plan during inception phase itself. Using these tabulation plans, data processing was carried out. Our in-house specialists handled the data processing.

2.5.4 Stage IV: Report Generation

The data collected from the field along with a review of secondary data provided an overall assessment of efficacy of the scheme. The report aimed to fulfil the following outcomes:

i. Identification of areas that need further technical and logistical support for effective implementation of the scheme

ii. Identify good practices and innovations that have helped the implementation of the scheme and also the challenges/bottlenecks in the effective implementation

iii. Recommend strategies to strengthen implementation of the scheme

2.5.5 Limitations

The research team faced resistance from the industries where the beneficiaries were placed as these industries were not cooperative in allowing their employees to interact with evaluation team during working hours as it impacted the whole production line.

In most of the industries employees were working in shifts so it was very difficult for the research team to meet all beneficiaries. Therefore repeated visits had to be made by the research team to meet the beneficiaries.

There was difficulty in meeting the beneficiaries as they were scattered across different areas.


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For most of the implementing agencies sample size of women beneficiaries was not adequate as per the sample proposed to MORD. Hence, an equal number of female beneficiaries sample are being replaced by male beneficiaries.

In certain trades, such as security services, construction services, only male candidates have been trained and/or placed and hence, we cannot contact any female beneficiaries in case of such projects. Similarly in certain trades like garment industry, beauty care and tailoring male beneficiaries could not be contacted.


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3.1 Project implementation

3.1.1 Project Background

Under Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) of the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India, a number of implementing agencies are implementing the Special Projects aimed at skill development of disadvantaged rural youth in the country, with a view to provide them with jobs/ placements. A total of twenty five projects were evaluated by Mott MacDonald.

These agencies have the following capacities to undertake the project because of which it was assigned the project by MORD.

They have proven their strengths and have conducted training programme in many areas throughout the country.

Pool of trained, experienced and committed Human Resources on its expert panel.

Relationship with authorities within districts to ensure employability in targeted areas by tapping market driven employment opportunity

The scheme is funded by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India on 75:25% basis. The Ministry provides a grant of 75% of the total budget and the implementing agencies mobilise the balance 25%. The 75% grant from the Ministry is structured as 50%-25%-25% instalment basis against the fixed deliverables.

The project cost varied for each project depending on the coverage of the project spreading across one state to multiple states of the country. The details of project cost were provided by AISECT (INR 9.44 Crores), Career Launcher Education Foundation (INR 5.44 Crores), L&T (INR 47.45 Crores), NIIT (10.99 Crores), Sahaj (INR 11.6 Crores), SSCI (INR 14.94 Crores), SSST (INR 13.73 Crores) and Technopak (INR 8.29 Crores). The remaining project implementing agencies did not prefer to share their project cost.

3.1.2 Planning & implementation

3.1.2.1 Process involved in scheme planning, implementation

All the Implementing agencies had adopted defined criteria for selection of beneficiaries. The criteria for selection involved full adherence to the guidelines provided by the MORD. Rural BPL cardholders between the age group of 18-35 years were the minimum criteria for selection of the beneficiaries in coordination with District Rural Development Agency (DRDA).

Before selection of beneficiaries, a survey was undertaken to identify the requirement of the industry in and around the geographical area where centre for training was established, availability of beneficiaries as per MORD guidelines in and around the proposed training centre, the placement opportunities in nearby cities for the proposed courses to be undertaken, and industry needs were also taken into account.

As a first step, through the process of Community Mobilization Drive (CMD) the candidates were mobilized. The strategies used for mobilization of youth included:

3. Project Implementation


23


Use of mass media (Television, Radio, Newspaper etc) Use of local media (At community, block and district level) Volunteering (Educational, Higher Educational Institutions, Retired Professionals, Corporate CSRs,

PSU/Defence service personnel etc) Mobile Vans Poster and banner campaigns Distribution of leaflets and pamphlets Road Shows Organizing events to spread awareness about the programme and motivate candidates to join the

training courses. Door to door mobilization

These procedures were highly effective as they had widespread reach among the target beneficiaries. The mobilized candidates were selected on the basis of individual counselling and their aptitude tests. Care was taken that 100% of the beneficiaries were from below poverty line families, belonging mainly to rural or semi urban areas. The applications from the candidates were collected and were scrutinized for age, education, caste, BPL status and the need of the trainees. The enrolment procedure adopted was completely transparent.

3.1.2.2 Process involved in scheme monitoring and evaluation

Regular feedback was obtained by the Implementing Agencies from the beneficiaries during the training. The beneficiaries had given the feedback that the skilled development programme though being short term had been able to give them sufficient knowledge required to secure a job.

Utilisation certificates are submitted yearly (every financial year) by the Implementing Agencies to Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD).

3.1.3 Capacity of Project implementation Agency

3.1.3.1 Training Infrastructure

A few implementing agencies like A&D Solaris, L&T, BVV Sangha and Pipal Tree Ventures Limited used their own machinery and equipment for the training. For these agencies, there has been no need for creation of new infrastructure for the project and the existing infrastructure of the parent organisation is being used. These implementing agencies used their own existing training infrastructure like computer labs, library, and theory classes for imparting training.

A few agencies like Ajmal Foundation upgraded their existing infrastructure to meet the requirements of the project.

Other agencies like Career Launcher Education Foundation and CAP Foundation rented the required infrastructure for the purpose of training.

The following figure depicts that approximately 44 percent of the PIAs used their own existing infrastructure for imparting training to the beneficiaries, while about 28 percent hired the training infrastructure, while another 16 percent used the infrastructure of their training partners.


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Figure 3.1: Training Infrastructure available with the PIAs

Training Infrastructure

28%

16%

8%

44%

4%

Hired infrastructure

Infrastructure of training partners

Own and hired infrastructure

Own infrastructure

Purchased desktop computers,furniture and office equipment

Source: MM Study

Based on discussions with the implementation agencies, it was found that the training hall all necessary facilities like space, ventilation, fans, light, chairs, tables, drinking water and toilets for beneficiaries. When the beneficiaries were enquired about the quality of infrastructure, they also expressed that the necessary facilities like fans, light, chairs, tables, drinking water and toilets were available at the training venues.

Analysis of the data suggests that almost 60 percent of the PIAs had residential facility for the beneficiaries at the training centres or near the training centres. However about 32 percent of the PIAs did not have any residential facility and about 8 percent of the PIAs had partial residential facility.

Figure 3.2: Availability of lodging facility

Source: MM Study


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3.1.3.2 Training curriculum and batch

All the implementing agencies conducted a detailed market survey to assess the potential trades for employment in the local area. It involved collection of demographic and market potential related information of the target area. Direct contact with the business establishments and industries in the areas was carried out to assess specific human resource requirements. This assessment formed the basis of finalizing the training courses and development of curriculum according to the market demand. The training content was translated in regional languages as well.

All the implementing agencies imparted training in specialized trades based on their area of expertise. For example, L&T and Pipal Tree Ventures Limited imparted training in the construction sector, IL&FS and Technopak imparted training in the apparel sector, Tally in basic accounting, etc.

All the implementing agencies had training batches of 25-30 beneficiaries so that individual attention could be provided to the beneficiaries. All selected candidates were made to undergo a one week induction module. The main objective of induction module is to integrate the candidates with the program and help them gain confidence and start opening up to have a broad learning attitude during the training. The candidates also come to know each other better.

This training course was designed for duration of 2-3 months and was specifically designed as per the local demands and the aptitude of the beneficiaries, as can be observed in the following figure – which shows that 60 percent of the PIA heads mentioned that the duration of training courses were designed for 2-3 months.

Training content focused equally on technical skills, life skills and motivational skills, all the respondents mentioned that the training content was developed according to the needs of the industries. Curriculum for each course ensured appropriate balance the theoretical and practical inputs to candidates. Besides there was a significant component for exposure and on the job training for all the candidates. A combination of audio and visual mode of training was used to impart training to the beneficiaries. As per the Implementing agency, care was taken that the training program was suitable for beneficiaries in terms of timings, duration and location.


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Figure 3.3: Duration of training courses conducted by PIAs

Training course timing

4% 8%

60%

8%

12%

4% 4%

15 days

Atleast 2 months

2-3 months

3 months

3-4 months

4 months

3-6 months

Source: MM Study

Training content focused equally on technical skills, life skills and motivational skills, all the respondents (100 percent) mentioned that the training content was developed according to the needs of the industries. Curriculum for each course ensured appropriate balance the theoretical and practical inputs to candidates. All respondents (100 percent) mentioned that the training content was developed in the local language. Besides there was a significant component for exposure and on the job training for all the candidates. A combination of audio and visual mode of training was used to impart training to the beneficiaries. As per the Implementing agency, care was taken that the training program was suitable for beneficiaries in terms of timings, duration and location. The following figure depicts the various methods adopted for imparting training.

Figure 3.4: Methods adopted for imparting training as per PIAs

Methods adopted for training

20%

32%4%

44%

Theoritical and Practical

Audio and visual

Onsite training

Group discussions andpractice exercises

Source: MM Study


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3.1.3.3 Faculty/trainers - capacity building

As per the implementing agencies, the trainers were up to the mark. The implementing agencies recruited trainers who were experts in their fields and had relevant experience of working at the grass root level. The salary of the trainers was based on their experience.

Each candidate was supported to develop their profile to help them access better job opportunities in a professional manner. This included development of curriculum vitae, negotiation skills, presentation skills, mock interviews etc. This contributed to job readiness of the trained candidates and ability to adapt to their working conditions quickly. Apart from learning specific trades, orientation programme were organized for the personality development, confidence building, self esteem, motivational skills, and communication skills, etiquettes etc.

3.1.4 Post training placement procedure & tracking system

As per the Implementing agencies, level of satisfaction among trained personnel was high. The average salary per employee is INR 4000 - 6000 per month. The beneficiaries were also enquired about their monthly salaries which according to them also belonged to the same range. The beneficiaries were placed across different sectors based on the trades in which they were imparted training. The implementing agencies which were engaged in the construction sector (L&T and Pipal Tree Ventures Limited) placed all the beneficiaries trained by them, within their own organisation.

The companies, where the trained beneficiaries are placed, also had a positive feedback about the beneficiaries placed with them. Implementation agency contacted the potential employers either telephonically or had meetings with the HR staff of these organizations to assess their manpower requirements.

The PIAs were also enquired regarding the skills that the companies, where the beneficiaries are placed, look for at the time of placement. A major proportion (64 percent) of the PIAs, particularly the faculty members, felt that the potential companies look for both technical and soft skills possessed by the employees. Hence, the PIAs reiterated that while designing the training content it was kept in mind to focus equally on technical skills, life skills and motivational skills – the respondents (100 percent) mentioned that the training content was developed according to the needs of the industries.


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Figure 3.5: Skills that companies look for in a beneficairy at the time of placement as per the PIAs

Skills that companies look in a beneficiary at the time of placement

12%

16%

64%

8%

Technical & communicationskillsTechnical & personalitydevelopmentTechnical & soft skills

Technical skills

Source: MM Study

In order to track the trained personnel, they were telephonically contacted at regular intervals to establish a constant link with them. The implementing agencies also asked students to come and collect training certificates at a later phase after training in order to establish contact. By adopting these methods, the implementing agency tracked the beneficiaries and updated the details of beneficiaries in their records. The implementing agency is also in regular touch with companies where the beneficiaries are placed.

For candidates who are not placed, the implementing agency does a regular follow up and links them to the potential employers. Although the details of effectiveness of the employer, mobilization process were not provided by the implementing agency, they revealed that the manpower assessment of the employers was done during the period of market scan. During the last month of the training, the implementing agency staff started contacting the potential employers so that the placement procedure could be initiated immediately after the completion of the training.

As per the Implementing agency, the trained beneficiaries were satisfied with the placement/companies they were working in and the compensation they were offered. There has been improvement in the social and economic status of the beneficiaries after training. They have become self dependent and there has been an increase in their confidence levels after training. The response of the scheme from the beneficiaries is very positive. Many families have reported increase in family income leading to improved standards of life. The following figures depict that according to the PIAs, there has been significant improvement in the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries, and that the companies where these beneficiaries have been placed are also satisfied.


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Figure 3.6: Socio-economic status of beneficiaries

before and after training as per PIAs

Figure 3.7: Satisfaction level of companies where

beneficairies placed as per PIAs

Socio economic status of the participants before and after training

100%

Signif icant Improvement

Are the companies fully satisfied

100% Yes

Source: MM Study Source: MM Study

3.2 Service delivery in the scheme

As per the implementing agencies, before training, the beneficiaries lacked the required skills and competencies to compete and tap the market potential and they were reluctant to move out from their home towns for jobs. The ground work done by these agencies in identifying the job market areas before training and the specific curriculum helped overcome problems related to beneficiaries tapping the market potential. These agencies not only helped the candidates in getting placed in different organizations but also the students were constantly kept abreast with new market opportunities and thereby helping them in their career growth.

As per the Implementing agencies, in addition to training and placement, beneficiaries are also provided handholding support after the placement which is crucial for an individual to survive and sustain at the workplace. Implementing agencies intervene whenever there are any concerns/issues/grievances in employment and sort out the same with employers/individuals/parents so as to ensure continuation of job. Implementing agencies also provide the beneficiaries with re-placement opportunities whenever required.

Implementing Agencies are submitting Monthly Progress Report, Quarterly Progress

Report, Placement status report, Case studies etc. to the monitoring agency. The monitoring agency also conducts inspection from time to time to verify the information provided. Any non-compliance observed is shared with the implementing agency for their response and necessary action.


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4.1 Impact of scheme in the lives of BPL population

4.1.1 Socio-economic profile

The placement linked skill development project for BPL youth was implemented by various Project Implementing Agencies across various states in the country. Therefore, in coordination with the implementing agency, the data collection for evaluation of the agencies was carried out in different states. The states were data collection was carried out included Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi NCR, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. With support from the representatives of the implementing agency, the evaluation team covered 4583 beneficiaries.

Out of the total beneficiaries covered as a part of the project, 3196 beneficiaries were males, while 1387 beneficiaries were females. A vast variation in the number of male and female beneficiaries across the implementing agencies was observed. L&T trained only male beneficiaries as they provided training in the construction sector and therefore no female beneficiaries were available. In SSCI and Ajmal Foundation, out of the total sampled beneficiaries, all were males. This is due to the fact that SSCI and Ajmal Foundation are imparting training only in the security sector for which females were less interested. In case of BVV Sangha, out of the total 200 sampled beneficiaries, 80.5% were males and remaining 19.5% were females. This is because BVV Sangha is imparting training and placements for Tailoring, Driving, Electrical repairing (Fan, Mixie), Computer operator, Welder, Mobile repairing, Mason, and Carpentry, for which female beneficiaries are least interested (except for Tailoring and Computer operator) and hence only few female beneficiaries were available.

In IL&FS Seam I, out of the total 236 sampled beneficiaries, 94.1% were females and remaining 5.9% were males. This is because IL&FS was imparting training and placements, as part of this project, in the apparel industry for which male beneficiaries were less interested and hence only few male beneficiaries were available. Similarly in IL&FS Seam II, out of the total 201 sampled beneficiaries, 94.5% were females and remaining 5.5% were females.

For some implementing agencies, the designated number of female beneficiaries could not be covered. This was because of the social barriers regarding females taking up training and placement.

4. Impact of Project on Beneficiaries


31


Table 4.1: Gender of Beneficiaries

In % Implementing Agency (N)

Male Female

A&D Solaris (202) 24.8 75.2

Aide et Action (202) 71.3 28.7

AISECT (203) 67.5 32.5

Ajmal Foundation (202) 0 100.0

Bhaskar Foundation (140) 95.0 5.0

BVV Sangha (200) 80.5 19.5

CAP Foundation (200) 73.0 27.0

CLEF (108) 98.1 1.9

FIWE (199) 93.0 7.0

Grameen Labs (East) (98) 68.4 31.6

Grameen Labs (North) (195) 39.0 61.0

IL&FS (Seam I) (236) 5.9 94.1

IL&FS (Seam II) (201) 5.5 94.5

ISAP (134) 96.3 3.7

L&T (122) 100.0 0

Lupin Foundation (40) 67.5 32.5

Jagruti Foundation (216) 92.1 7.9

NIIT (171) 59.0 41.0

NIS Sparta 197) 97.0 3.0

Pipal Tree (200) 95.0 5.0

Sahaj (202) 98.5 1.5

SSCI (168) 100.0 0

SSST (193) 83.6 16.4

Tally (201) 65.2 34.8

Technopak (209) 12.9 87.1

All Implementing Agencies (4439) 72.0 31.2

The involvement of male and female in different work sectors depends upon the trade. From the table below it can be interpreted that almost in all trades male were the dominant worker category. However in specific trades like apparel, service sector, in retail shops etc. female also had dominant involvement.


32


Figure 4.1: Gender Ratio vis-à-vis Trade

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Computer/ Service sector

Multi‐service IT

Service sector

Engineering

Service sector

Multiple sector

Service sector

Multi sector

Service sector

Service sector

Apparel

Apparel

Agriculture

Tourism

& Hospitality

Construction

Service sector IT

Telecom

Construction

Multiple sector

Security service

Multiple sector IT

Apparel

Ma le (in %)

Female (in%)

Source: MM Study

When the age wise distribution of the respondents was studied, it was found that across all implementing agencies, the respondents belonged to the age group of 17-38 years, 17 being the age of youngest respondent interviewed and 38 being the oldest. Majority of the respondents belong to the age group of 21-25 years. The following figure shows the age distribution across the various sample projects (in terms of average age of the beneficiaries contacted).


33


Figure 4.2: Average age of beneficiaries across projects

Average Age of Beneficiaries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

AD

So

lari

s

Aid

e e

t Act

ion

AIS

EC

T

Ajm

al F

ou

nd

atio

n

Bh

ask

ar

Fo

un

da

tion

BV

V S

an

gh

a

CA

P F

ou

nd

atio

n

CL

EF

FIW

E

Gra

me

en

Ea

st

Gra

me

en

No

rth

ILF

S I

ILF

S II

ISA

P

Jag

ruti

Fo

un

da

tion

L&

T

Lu

pin

Fo

un

da

tion

NIIT

NIS

Sp

art

a

Pip

al T

ree

Sa

ha

j

SS

CI

SS

ST

Ta

lly

Te

chn

op

ak

Project Implementing Agency

Source: MM Study

Across all the implementing agencies, the beneficiaries had some level of formal education. A very small percentage of beneficiaries were illiterate and it was found during the evaluation of FIWE and IL&FS Seam-I. Grameen Labs East and AISECT projects had the highest number of people who had completed graduation and/or post graduation. The maximum number of beneficiaries who had completed secondary education was found in Grameen Labs North (77.5%) followed by NIIT (73.8%).

Table 4.2: Education Level of Beneficiaries


Illiterate Primary SecondaryHigher

Secondary Graduate

Post Graduates

Others

A&D Solaris (202) 0.0 8.9 43.1 36.1 10.4 0.0 1.5

Aide et Action (202)

0.0 0.5 1.5 48.7 26.6 20.7 1.5

AISECT (203) 0.0 0.0 5.9 59.6 26.1 8.4 0.0

Ajmal Foundation (202)

0.0 0.5 86.6 11.9 1.0 0.0 0.0


34



Illiterate Primary SecondaryHigher

Secondary Graduate

Post Graduates

Others

A&D Solaris (202) 0.0 8.9 43.1 36.1 10.4 0.0 1.5

Bhaskar Foundation (140)

0.0 25.0 50.0 23.0 2.0 0.0 0.0

BVV Sangha (200)

0.0 12.0 67.5 0.5 13.5 0.0 6.5

CAP Foundation (200)

0.0 0.0 35.8 39.7 21.6 2.9 0.0

CLEF (108) 0.0 0.9 0.9 38.9 34.3 21.3 1.9

FIWE (199) 0.0 1.5 14.6 34.7 43.2 4 1.5

Grameen Labs (East) (98)

0.0 0.0 10.2 49 34.7 5.1 1.0

Grameen Labs (North) (195)

0.0 0.0 14.5 77.5 7.0 0.0 1.0

IL&FS (Seam I) (236)

0.0 3.0 11.0 65.3 19.9 0.0 0.4

IL&FS (Seam II) (201)

0.0 1.0 5.0 64.2 26.9 3.0 0.0

ISAP (134) 0.7 9.0 29.1 41.0 14.9 5.2 0.0

L&T (122) 0.0 22.6 48.4 23.0 5.5 0.5 0.0

Lupin Foundation (40)

0.0 2.5 62.3 22.1 13.1 0.0 0.0

Jagruti Foundation (216)

2.5 5.0 75.0 10.0 7.5 0.0 0.0

NIIT (171) 0.0 1.6 13.1 73.8 8.9 2.6 0.0

NIS Sparta 197) 0.0 2.5 17.0 58.0 17.5 3.5 0.0

Pipal Tree (200) 1.0 0.0 43.0 13.5 26.5 9.0 7.0

Sahaj (202) 0.0 29.6 35.5 24.1 5.9 0.0 4.9

SSCI (168) 0.0 2.0 34.0 52.0 10.0 0.5 1.5

SSST (193) 0.5 0.5 37.9 46.0 14.1 0.0 1.0

Tally (201) 0.0 0.5 21.9 54.7 21.4 1.5 0.0

Technopak (209) 0.5 10.5 61.7 21.1 5.7 0.5 0.0

All IAs (4439) 0.2 5.6 33.0 39.5 16.7 3.5 1.2

During the evaluation it was found that none of the beneficiary respondents interviewed from A&D Solaris and Ajmal Foundation belonged to the General category. This is a positive achievement of the agencies in mobilizing the BPL youth from the OBC/SC and ST category. Grameen Labs East (63.3%) and Lupin Foundation (62.5%) had maximum respondents belonging to the General category. SSST (54.9%) had the maximum respondents belonging to the SC category, followed by FIWE (53.8%) and Tally (50.2%). The maximum numbers of beneficiaries belonging to the ST category were found in Jagruti Foundation (54.8%).BVV Sangha (66.5%) had the maximum respondents from the OBC category.


35


Table 4.3: Caste of the Beneficiaries


General SC ST OBC Others

A&D Solaris (202) 0.0 44.6 2.0 53.4 0.0


24.6 14.3 0.0 59.6 1.5

AISECT (203) 24.1 12.3 8.9 52.2 2.5


0.0 6.4 1.0 0.5 92.1


12.9 50.0 23.6 13.5 0.0

BVV Sangha (200)

5.5 8.5 8.0 66.5 11.5


13.7 48.5 0.0 22.5 15.2

CLEF (108) 45.4 13.9 2.8 36.1 1.9

FIWE (199) 4.5 53.8 14.6 25.6 1.5


63.3 19.4 0.0 17.3 0.0


38.0 40.0 9.5 11.5 1.0


14.0 41.5 4.2 28.4 11.9


6.0 42.8 6.5 33.3 11.4

ISAP (134) 5.2 35.8 5.2 53.7 0.0

L&T (122) 8.8 24.0 54.8 12.4 0.0


32.8 9.0 24.6 33.6 0.0


62.5 0.0 0.0 37.5 0.0

NIIT (171) 23.0 45.0 1.0 30.5 0.5

NIS Sparta 197) 22.5 46.5 0.0 31.0 0.0

Pipal Tree (200) 6.0 32.5 10.0 33.5 18.0

Sahaj (202) 20.2 25.1 22.7 26.6 5.4

SSCI (168) 9.0 43.5 17.0 28.5 2.0

SSST (193) 8.7 54.9 0.5 35.4 0.5

Tally (201) 21.9 50.2 0.5 26.9 0.5

Technopak (209) 3.3 12.9 32.5 51.2 0.0

All Implementing Agencies (4439) 19.0 31.0 10.0 32.8 7.1


36


An analysis was carried out of the religions of the beneficiaries. Most of the beneficiaries across the agencies were Hindus, followed by Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Jains. Ajmal Foundation had maximum number of Muslim beneficiaries which constituted 92% of the total sample size of the agency. Among the beneficiaries interviewed for the project by Tally, 26% of the interviewed respondents were Sikhs. The following figures depict the distribution of respondents across the different religious groups and castes.

A cross-tabulation was carried out with the caste of the respondents and their religion. The analysis shows that majority of the beneficiary respondents across the projects belonged to Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes and a major proportion of these belong to Hindus, followed by Muslims (depending upon the community or the district where these respondents came from. The following table shows the cross-tabulation of caste and religion of the respondents contacted by the study team.

Table 4.4: Caste vis-a-vis Religion across the PIAs (in %) Religion Project Implementing

Agencies Caste Hindu Muslim Christian Jain Sikh Total SC 39.11 0.00 5.45 0.00 0.00 44.55 ST 0.50 0.00 1.49 0.00 0.00 1.98 OBC 32.18 0.50 7.92 0.00 0.00 40.59 AD Solaris Muslim Minority 0.00 12.38 0.50 0.00 0.00 12.87 General 21.18 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.63 SC 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.29 OBC 57.14 2.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 59.61 Aide et Action Muslim Minority 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 General 22.22 2.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.75 SC 12.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.63 ST 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.09

AISECT

OBC 52.02 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.54 SC 6.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.44 ST 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 OBC 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Ajmal Foundation Muslim Minority 0.00 92.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 92.08 General 12.32 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.04 SC 44.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.20 ST 23.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.91

Bhaskar Foundation

OBC 18.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.84 General 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 5.50 SC 8.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.50 ST 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 OBC 65.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.50

BVV Sangha

Muslim 0.00 11.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.50

Figure 4.3: Religion of beneficiaries Figure 4.4: Caste of beneficiaries

Religion

10.6

2.6

0.1

1.2Muslim

Christian

Jain

Sikh

Caste

15.1

28.4

10.8

32.5

8.3

General

SC

ST

OBC

Muslim minority



37


Religion Project Implementing Agencies Caste Hindu Muslim Christian Jain Sikh Total

Minority General 13.30 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.79 SC 48.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.77 OBC 20.69 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.17 CAP Foundation Muslim Minority 0.00 15.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.27 General 40.57 5.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.23 SC 14.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.15 ST 1.89 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.83

CLEF


FIWE

Muslim Minority 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 General 21.43 41.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.27 SC 19.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.39 Grameen Labs East OBC 6.12 11.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.35 General 28.80 0.52 0.00 0.00 7.85 37.17 SC 25.13 1.57 0.00 0.00 14.14 40.84 ST 9.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.95

Grameen Labs North


ILFS I

Muslim Minority 0.00 11.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.86 General 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 SC 41.50 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 42.50 ST 6.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.50 OBC 32.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.50

ILFS II

Muslim Minority 0.00 11.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.50 General 5.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.22 SC 35.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.82 ST 5.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.22

ISAP

OBC 53.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.73 General 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.76 SC 23.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.96 ST 53.00 0.00 1.84 0.00 0.00 54.84

Jagruti Foundation

OBC 12.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.44 General 30.33 1.64 0.82 0.00 0.00 32.79 SC 9.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.02 ST 24.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.59

L&T

OBC 31.97 1.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.61 General 62.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.50

Lupin Foundation OBC 37.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.50 General 16.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.58 18.71 SC 51.61 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.65 52.90 ST 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 OBC 25.16 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.65 26.45

NIIT

Muslim Minority 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.65 General 21.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.50 SC 46.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.50 NIS Sparta OBC 28.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.00 General 5.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 SC 31.50 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 32.50

Pipal Tree

ST 9.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00


38


Religion Project Implementing Agencies Caste Hindu Muslim Christian Jain Sikh Total

OBC 33.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.00 Muslim Minority 0.00 18.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.00 General 20.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.94 SC 26.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.70 ST 24.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.08

Sahaj


SSCI


SSST


Tally

Muslim Minority 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 General 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.35 SC 12.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.92 ST 32.06 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 32.54

Technopak

OBC 50.24 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.20 Total 84.97 11.27 1.16 0.07 2.55 100.00

The implementing agencies were assigned the project by MORD starting from the year 2007. Most of the beneficiaries interviewed had enrolled themselves for the training only during the last 2-3 years.

Table 4.5: Number of years associated in the Scheme In % Implementing Agency (N)

Less than 1 Year 1 – 2 Years 2-5 Years 5-10 Years

A&D Solaris (202) 45.5 54.5 0.0 0.0

Aide et Action (202) 3.4 66.5 28.6 1.5

AISECT (203) 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Ajmal Foundation (202) 98.0 2.0 0.0 0.0

Bhaskar Foundation (140) 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

BVV Sangha (200) 27.5 29.5 33.0 0.0

CAP Foundation (200) 4.4 20.1 74.0 1.0

CLEF (108) 74.1 19.4 6.5 0.0

FIWE (199) 98.0 2.0 0.0 0.0

Grameen Labs (East) (98) 99.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

Grameen Labs (North) (195) 1.0 1.0 98.0 0.0

IL&FS (Seam I) (236) 1.3 5.5 91.5 1.7

IL&FS (Seam II) (201) 3.5 26.4 68.2 2.0

ISAP (134) 73.1 0.0 26.9 0.0

L&T (122) 18.0 60.4 21.7 0.0

Lupin Foundation (40) 23.0 0.0 77.0 0.0

Jagruti Foundation (216) 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0


39



Less than 1 Year 1 – 2 Years 2-5 Years 5-10 Years

NIIT (171) 51.5 45 3.5 0.0

NIS Sparta 197) 6.5 86.0 7.5 0.0

Pipal Tree (200) 55.5 45.5 0.0 0.0

Sahaj (202) 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SSCI (168) 27.5 39.5 33.0 0.0

SSST (193) 42.6 57.4 0.0 0.0

Tally (201) 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Technopak (209) 98.6 1.4 0.0 0.0

All Implementing Agencies (4439) 42.1 22.5 34.8 0.2

To study in detail the socio-economic profile of the respondents, details about the head of the household were gathered. It was found that nearly 60% beneficiaries had their head of the household working. On enquiring the beneficiaries about the literacy levels of the head of household, it was found that the beneficiaries of Pipal Tree Ventures Limited had maximum Head of Household illiterate (86.5%), followed by Jagruti Foundation, which has 72% head of households illiterate. The maximum number of Households who had attained graduation and post graduation were for beneficiaries who belonged to Grameen Labs East (9%). Maximum respondents whose head of household had completed secondary education belonged to Lupin Foundation.

Table 4.6: Literacy Level Head of Household


Illiterate Primary Secondary Higher

Secondary Graduate

Post Graduate

Others

A&D Solaris (202) 30.2 29.2 30.7 7.9 0.5 1.5 0.0


13.8 6.4 58.1 12.3 8.4 0.0 1.0

AISECT (203) 47.3 20.2 7.4 18.2 4.9 2.0 0.0


42.1 39.1 18.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


41.4 40.0 14.3 1.4 2.1 0.7 0.0

BVV Sangha (200) 50.5 27.5 18.0 0.5 3.0 0.5 0.0


27.0 18.1 40.2 9.3 2.5 1.0 0.0

CLEF (108) 33.3 25.9 19.4 14.8 0.0 0.0 6.6

FIWE (199) 42.7 30.7 20.6 5.5 1.5 0.0 0.0


9.2 40.8 32.7 8.2 8.2 1.0 0.0


20.0 27.0 24.5 20.0 2.0 0.5 6.0


49.2 16.1 28.0 5.5 .8 0.0 0.4


42.8 13.9 28.8 5.0 1.5 0.5 7.5

ISAP (134) 31.3 41.0 22.4 3.0 0 2.2 0.0

L&T (122) 72.4 21.2 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


40




Secondary Graduate

Post Graduate

Others


27.9 13.9 42.7 9.8 5.7 0.0 0.0


22.5 12.5 57.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

NIIT (171) 11.5 42.9 29.3 12.0 3.3 0.5 0.5

NIS Sparta 197) 25.4 39.4 16.6 10.8 5.7 2.1 0.0

Pipal Tree (200) 86.5 8.5 2.5 0 2.0 0.5 0.0

Sahaj (202) 26.1 58.6 6.4 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

SSCI (168) 50.5 27.5 18.0 0.5 3.0 0.5 0.0

SSST (193) 13.8 55.9 9.8 12.3 5.6 2.1 0.5

Tally (201) 28.9 23.4 33.8 12.4 1.5 0.0 0.0

Technopak (209) 32.5 32.1 27.3 6.2 1.9 0.0 0.0

All Implementing Agencies (4439)

35.2 28.5 24.6 7.4 2.6 0.6 0.9

A cross-tabulation of the literacy level of beneficiaries with that of the head of households shows that even if the head of household is illiterate, their next generation is educated up to secondary or higher secondary or even graduate levels. The following table depicts the same.

Table 4.7: Literacy level of Beneficiaries vis-a-vis their head of household

Literacy level of head of household

Illiterate Primary Secondary

Higher Secondary Graduate

Post graduate Others Total

Illiterate 0.15 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 Primary 2.91 1.97 0.57 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 5.60 Secondary 13.54 10.48 9.95 1.64 0.55 0.02 0.05 36.23 Higher Secondary 10.25 9.85 8.06 4.33 0.97 0.15 0.10 33.71 Graduate

3.43 3.21 3.26 1.47 0.90 0.25 0.00 12.52 Post graduate 0.72 0.45 0.17 0.30 0.10 0.15 0.00 1.89

Literacy level of

Beneficiaries

Others 0.27 0.35 0.12 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.82 Total 35.21 28.66 24.36 8.26 2.74 0.60 0.17 100.00

The distribution of the same across the various Project Implementing Agencies is depicted in the following table.


41


Table 4.8: Literacy level of Beneficiaries vis-a-vis their head of household across PIAs Literacy level of head of household

PIAs

Literacy level of Beneficiaries Illiterate Primary

Secondary

Higher Seconda

ry Graduate Post

graduate Others

Total

Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 3.82 3.18 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.28 Secondary 14.01 11.46 15.92 0.64 0.00 0.00 1.27 43.31 Higher Secondary 8.28 11.46 7.01 6.37 0.00 0.00 0.64 33.76 Graduate 2.55 1.91 5.10 3.18 0.64 0.00 0.00 13.38 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

AD Solaris Others (specify) 0.64 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Primary 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 Secondary 8.50 3.00 34.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 48.50 Higher Secondary 4.00 0.50 11.50 6.50 4.00 0.00 0.00 26.50 Graduate 1.00 2.00 11.00 4.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 Post graduate 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 Aide et

Action Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 2.21 2.21 0.55 0.55 1.10 0.00 0.00 6.63 Higher Secondary 30.94 10.50 3.87 11.60 1.10 0.55 0.00 58.56 Graduate 6.63 8.84 2.76 6.08 2.21 0.00 0.00 26.52 Post graduate 1.10 1.10 1.10 2.21 1.10 1.66 0.00 8.29

AISECT Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 Secondary 25.00 40.24 21.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.20 Higher Secondary 3.66 6.71 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.59 Graduate 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ajmal

Foundation Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 11.43 12.14 0.71 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 Secondary 19.29 21.43 5.00 0.00 1.43 0.00 0.00 47.14 Higher Secondary 10.00 5.00 8.57 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.00 25.71 Graduate 0.71 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.14 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bhaskar

Foundation Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 6.34 2.82 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.86 Secondary 19.72 26.06 19.01 0.00 2.82 0.00 0.00 67.61 Higher Secondary 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 Graduate 2.82 7.04 3.52 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.00 15.49 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BVV

Sangha Others (specify) 0.70 2.82 2.11 0.00 0.70 0.00 0.00 6.34 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 11.00 7.00 14.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 34.50 Higher Secondary 11.50 7.50 18.00 3.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 40.50 Graduate 4.50 3.50 8.00 4.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 22.00 Post graduate 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 CAP

Foundation Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CLEF Illiterate 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00


42



PIAs


Secondary

Higher Seconda

ry Graduate Post

graduate Others

Total

Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 Secondary 16.00 14.00 7.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 Higher Secondary 12.00 8.00 4.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 35.00 Graduate 6.00 5.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.00 Post graduate 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 Primary 7.53 4.30 0.54 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.44 Secondary 15.05 13.98 4.30 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.48 Higher Secondary 17.20 13.98 9.68 1.61 0.54 0.00 0.00 43.01 Graduate 1.61 0.54 0.54 0.54 1.08 0.00 0.00 4.30 Post graduate 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61

FIWE Others (specify) 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 2.04 5.10 2.04 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.20 Higher Secondary 4.08 20.41 15.31 5.10 4.08 0.00 0.00 48.98 Graduate 3.06 14.29 12.24 2.04 3.06 0.00 0.00 34.69 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 3.06 0.00 1.02 1.02 0.00 5.10 Grameen

Labs East Others (specify) 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 2.67 4.28 6.42 1.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.97 Higher Secondary 18.18 22.46 19.25 16.04 1.07 0.00 0.00 77.01 Graduate 0.53 1.60 0.53 3.21 1.07 0.53 0.00 7.49 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Grameen

Labs North Others (specify) 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 Illiterate 1.82 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.73 Primary 5.00 2.27 3.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.45 Secondary 29.09 10.91 20.00 4.09 0.91 0.00 0.45 65.45 Higher Secondary 9.09 4.09 5.91 1.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.45 Graduate 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ILFS I Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Illiterate 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.08 Primary 2.15 2.15 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.38 Secondary 30.11 9.68 19.89 3.23 1.08 0.00 0.00 63.98 Higher Secondary 12.37 2.15 8.60 2.15 0.54 0.54 0.00 26.34 Graduate 0.54 1.08 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.23 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ILFS II Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 Primary 5.22 2.24 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.96 Secondary 11.94 11.94 5.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.10 Higher Secondary 10.45 16.42 11.94 2.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.04 Graduate 1.49 8.21 3.73 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.00 14.93 Post graduate 1.49 2.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.49 0.00 5.22

ISAP Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 17.92 3.77 1.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.11 Secondary 34.91 9.43 3.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.11

Jagruti Foundation

Higher 15.57 5.66 1.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.64


43



PIAs


Secondary

Higher Seconda

ry Graduate Post

graduate Others

Total

Secondary Graduate 3.30 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.66 Post graduate 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.83 0.00 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 Secondary 16.67 10.00 27.50 5.00 3.33 0.00 0.00 62.50 Higher Secondary 5.00 3.33 8.33 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 21.67 Graduate 5.83 0.83 4.17 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.33 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

L&T Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 Primary 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 Secondary 12.50 7.50 50.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 75.00 Higher Secondary 2.50 2.50 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 Graduate 5.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.50 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lupin

Foundation Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 1.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.84 Secondary 1.23 5.52 5.52 2.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.72 Higher Secondary 8.59 28.22 22.09 9.82 0.61 0.61 0.61 70.55 Graduate 3.07 1.84 1.84 0.61 2.45 0.00 0.00 9.82 Post graduate 0.00 1.84 0.61 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.07

NIIT Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.52 1.56 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.60 Secondary 5.21 8.33 2.60 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 17.19 Higher Secondary 16.15 19.79 9.38 7.81 3.13 1.04 0.00 57.29 Graduate 2.60 6.77 3.65 2.08 1.56 1.04 0.00 17.71 Post graduate 1.04 1.56 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.65

NIS Sparta Others (specify) 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 41.40 3.82 0.64 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 46.50 Higher Secondary 8.92 2.55 1.27 0.00 0.64 0.64 0.00 14.01 Graduate 18.47 1.91 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.66 Post graduate 8.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 9.55

Pipal Tree Others (specify) 5.10 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 8.28 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 14.44 16.11 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.67 Secondary 10.56 23.89 1.67 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.22 Higher Secondary 3.33 17.22 2.22 1.11 0.56 0.00 0.00 24.44 Graduate 0.56 5.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.67 Post graduate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sahaj Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.66 1.32 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.65 Secondary 21.19 16.56 2.65 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.00 41.06 Higher Secondary 16.56 15.89 4.64 5.30 0.66 0.00 0.00 43.05 Graduate 6.62 2.65 1.99 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.00 12.58

SSCI

Post graduate 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66


44



PIAs


Secondary

Higher Seconda

ry Graduate Post

graduate Others

Total

Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Illiterate 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 Primary 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 Secondary 0.00 6.93 10.89 11.88 0.99 0.00 0.00 30.69 Higher Secondary 18.81 6.93 2.97 9.90 3.96 0.00 0.99 43.56 Graduate 3.96 1.98 3.96 1.98 4.95 3.96 0.00 20.79 Post graduate 1.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98

SSST Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.99 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Primary 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Secondary 4.00 2.50 10.00 5.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.00 Higher Secondary 15.50 14.50 18.50 5.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 54.50 Graduate 9.00 5.50 5.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 21.50 Post graduate 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50

Tally Others (specify) 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Illiterate 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 Primary 3.37 3.85 1.92 0.96 0.48 0.00 0.00 10.58 Secondary 25.00 20.67 12.98 2.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.54 Higher Secondary 2.88 6.73 8.65 1.92 0.96 0.00 0.00 21.15 Graduate 1.44 0.48 3.37 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.77 Post graduate 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48

Technopak Others (specify) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 35.21 28.66 24.36 8.26 2.74 0.60 0.17 100.00

The beneficiaries were enquired if they possessed any skills prior to the training imparted by the PIAs. As can be observed from the below table, almost all the beneficiaries contacted possessed some or the other skills before receiving training from the PIA (only exception has been observed in case of Bhaskar Foundation, CLEF and FIWE, where a major proportion of the beneficiaries reported that they did not possess any skills prior to this training).

Table 4.9: Existing skills of beneficiaries

Project Implementing Agencies (N) Any skills possessed No skills possessed Total A&D Solaris (202) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Aide et Action (202) 100.0 0.0 100.0 AISECT (203) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Ajmal Foundation (202) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Bhaskar Foundation (140) 21.4 78.6 100.0 BVV Sangha (200) 100.0 0.0 100.0 CAP Foundation (200) 100.0 0.0 100.0 CLEF (108) 50.9 49.1 100.0 FIWE (199) 12.1 87.9 100.0 Grameen Labs (East) (98) 49.0 51.0 100.0 Grameen Labs (North) (195) 100.0 0.0 100.0 IL&FS (Seam I) (236) 97.0 3.0 100.0 IL&FS (Seam II) (201) 98.0 2.0 100.0 ISAP (134) 80.6 19.4 100.0 L&T (122) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Lupin Foundation (40) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Jagruti Foundation (216) 100.0 0.0 100.0


45


Project Implementing Agencies (N) Any skills possessed No skills possessed Total NIIT (171) 92.1 7.9 100.0 NIS Sparta 197) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Pipal Tree (200) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Sahaj (202) 95.1 4.9 100.0 SSCI (168) 87.6 12.4 100.0 SSST (193) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Tally (201) 100.0 0.0 100.0 Technopak (209) 100.0 0.0 100.0 All Implementing Agencies (4439) 89.5 10.5 100.0

An analysis on any link with the previously possessed skills and the skill imparted as part of training indicates that majority of the beneficiaries replied in affirmation, i.e, their existing skills have been enhanced after the training received from the PIA.

Table 4.10: Any link of the exisiting skills with the skills imparted

Project Implementing Agencies (N) Any link with skill imparted No link with skill imparted Not sure Total A&D Solaris (202) 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 Aide et Action (202) 91.1 2.5 6.4 100.0 AISECT (203) 47.3 44.8 7.9 100.0 Ajmal Foundation (202) 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 Bhaskar Foundation (140) 3.6 96.4 0.0 100.0 BVV Sangha (200) 99.0 1.0 0.0 100.0 CAP Foundation (200) 86.8 9.3 3.9 100.0 CLEF (108) 38.0 13.9 48.1 100.0 FIWE (199) 33.7 50.3 16.1 100.0 Grameen Labs (East) (98) 0.0 98.0 2.0 100.0 Grameen Labs (North) (195) 81.0 3.5 15.5 100.0 IL&FS (Seam I) (236) 94.9 3.8 1.3 100.0 IL&FS (Seam II) (201) 97.0 2.0 1.0 100.0 ISAP (134) 36.6 63.4 0.0 100.0 L&T (122) 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0 Lupin Foundation (40) 97.5 0.0 2.5 100.0 Jagruti Foundation (216) 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 NIIT (171) 68.6 27.2 4.2 100.0 NIS Sparta 197) 54.0 39.0 7.0 100.0 Pipal Tree (200) 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0 Sahaj (202) 19.7 73.4 6.9 100.0 SSCI (168) 54.4 45.0 0.6 100.0 SSST (193) 87.7 10.8 1.5 100.0 Tally (201) 94.0 4.0 2.0 100.0 Technopak (209) 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 All Implementing Agencies (4439) 77.7 22.3 0.0 100.0

All the beneficiaries interviewed across the implementing agencies possessed the BPL Cards (or any other document as a proof for their BPL status) since all of them checked the BPL status of all the beneficiaries before enrolling them for the training programme. However, on a whole a very insignificant percentage of


46


the total beneficiaries interviewed possessed health cards which indicated that the penetration of health cards among BPL youth is still very low.

When the beneficiaries were enquired if they were working previously, it was found that a very small percentage of the beneficiaries were employed before undertaking training from the implementing agencies. Most of them got their first job only after training with assistance from these agencies.

The information about the employment of other household members was also gathered. Majority of beneficiaries had their other family members engaged as either agricultural labours or as casual labours. The casual labours were primarily engaged as mechanics and labourers in the construction sector or as daily wage earners. However the exceptions were Sahaj, Grameen Labs North and SSST where the maximum beneficiaries had their own agricultural farms as additional sources of income. Out of all the implementing agencies, the maximum number of beneficiaries who had their other family members engaged in Government jobs was observed in A&D Solaris (19%). Out of all the implementing agencies, the maximum number of beneficiaries who had their other family members engaged in private jobs was found in Grameen Labs East (33%). Twenty three percent respondents of AISECT and SSCI were engaged in own business which was an additional source of income. This was highest for any agency.

Table 4.11: Other sources of income


Farming (own land)

Agricultural labour

Casual labour

Business/ shop

Government Service

Private Service

Others

A&D Solaris (202) 6.4 61.9 1.0 1.0 19.3 10.4 0.0

Aide et Action (202) 49.2 1.0 14.3 15.8 0.5 14.3 4.9

AISECT (203) 12.3 28.1 47.8 3.0 0.5 5.4 0.0


0.0 29.2 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0


2.9 30.0 52.9 9.3 5.0 2.9 0.0

BVV Sangha (200) 10.5 16.5 25.0 23.5 7.5 17.0 0.0


2.9 38.9 28.1 6.5 2.5 16.2 4.9

CLEF (108) 39.8 23.1 1.9 3.7 0.0 0.9 0.0

FIWE (199) 17.6 30.6 32.7 11.1 2.5 5.0 .5


20.4 13.2 6.1 16.3 4.1 33.7 6.2


53.5 5.0 25.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 5.0


5.9 36.9 28.8 1.7 0.4 4.2 3.8


10.0 22.9 34.7 1.0 2.0 4.0 7.5

ISAP (134) 13.4 23.1 47.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 1.5

L&T (122) 13.8 45.2 40.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5


27.0 20.5 13.1 5.7 0.8 3.3 1.6


17.5 25.0 27.5 7.5 0.0 2.5 15.0

NIIT (171) 39.0 11.5 35.5 2.1 1.6 3.7 6.6


47



Farming (own land)

Agricultural labour

Casual labour

Business/ shop

Government Service

Private Service

Others

NIS Sparta 197) 74.5 7.5 9.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 1.5

Pipal Tree (200) 2.5 49.5 12.5 0.0 1.0 1.5 2.5

Sahaj (202) 1.5 71.4 7.9 5.9 1.0 1.5 10.8

SSCI (168) 10.5 16.5 25.0 23.5 7.5 17.0 0.0

SSST (193) 40.0 16.9 27.7 0.5 0.5 1.0 13.8

Tally (201) 2.5 9.0 71.1 4.0 0.5 10.4 0.0

Technopak (209) 0.0 66.5 31.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.5


18.9 28.0 26.8 6.3 2.7 6.6 3.6

4.1.2 Awareness of SGSY and Special SGSY

Most of the beneficiaries across the twenty five projects were aware of the SGSY scheme and its objectives and all the beneficiaries claimed that they were taking benefits of the scheme. This was one of the major achievements of these agencies, since all the beneficiaries had in-depth information about the scheme under which they were enrolled.

4.1.3 Benefits received under the scheme

On enquiring about the benefits that the beneficiaries had received under the scheme, most of the beneficiaries across the implementing agencies expressed that the training had provided them skills required for getting employment. Since formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) was not a mandate under the contract with MORD, very few beneficiaries interviewed belonged to SHGs.

4.1.4 Type of training received

Nearly more than three-fourths beneficiaries had enrolled for the Placement linked Skill development Programme for Rural BPL youth, followed by remaining respondents Job oriented skill based training programme. Employment oriented computer / life skill & vocational training and other training programs were taken up only by hand full of beneficiaries.

The training programme was found to be suitable in terms of timings and location by almost all he beneficiaries interviewed.

4.1.5 Appropriateness of training

For all the implementing agencies, the beneficiaries found the duration of the training programme appropriate. All the beneficiaries were satisfied with the condition of the training room and reported that the training room had all the necessary facilities like ventilation, lighting, chairs and tables, drinking water and


48


clean toilets. All the respondents said that the training employed a combination of audio, video and electronic tools.

As per the beneficiaries, the training content was imparted using techniques like class room discussions, presentations and group activities. On enquiring about the quality of the trainers, all the respondents felt that the trainers were up to the mark and possessed good knowledge about their subject.

4.1.6 Satisfaction and confidence level after receiving training

Approximately all the respondents across the twenty five projects reported that the trained personnel were highly satisfied with their placement, compensation and the companies they worked with, except in the case of Lupin Foundation where about 85.7% were not satisfied with their placements and compensation. Nearly 96% respondents across the implementing agencies said that the scheme had helped them in finding a job of their choice.

Figure 4.5: Whether the scheme helped in finding a job Figure 4.6: Whether beneficiaries are satisfied with job

96%

4%

Yes

No

88%

12%

Yes

No


Nearly 88% respondents were satisfied with their jobs and said that these were stable and they would continue with their current jobs. According to 90% beneficiaries, the current employment was providing them good knowledge and learning opportunities which would benefit them in their career growth. However during evaluation of Lupin Foundation’s project, it was observed that only one-third of the total beneficiaries interviewed were satisfied with their jobs.


49


Figure 4.7: Whether beneficiaries have a feeling of

stability in their jobs

Figure 4.8: Whether beneficiaries would like to change

their current job

90%

10%

Yes

No

10%

90%

Yes

No


All beneficiaries reported that the training under the scheme helped them in increasing their confidence levels. The communication skills imparted to them helped them in overcoming hesitation. The beneficiaries expressed that after training there has been enhancement in their personality and that they could now face employers more confidently.

Analysis of the data shows that about 91 percent of the beneficiaries who were placed and were satisfied with the present job. This data also represents the quality of placement provided by the PIAs. As per the beneficiaries, most (97%) students/peers were placed after the training

Figure 4.9: Satisfaction regarding placement

Source: MM Study

The following table depicts the success of the training in finding a job with regard to education. It was found that the training was really helpful for beneficiaries who had education upto secondary level. About 97 percent of the beneficiaries said that the training was helpful in finding the job. However it must also be


50


noted that less than 1 percent candidates who were illiterates were able to find job even after obtaining training.

Table 4.12: Training being successful in finding a job vis-à-vis Education of the beneficiary

Literacy level of Beneficiaries (%)


Secondary Graduate Post

Graduate Others Total

Yes 0.57 6.77 41.69 33.3 11.7 1.69 0.89 96.67 Did the scheme helped you in finding a job

No

0.02 0.11 0.52 1.87 0.62 0.14 0.05 3.33

Total 0.59 6.89 42.21 35.21 12.34 1.82 0.94 100.00

The table below depicts the success of the training programme with regard to gender. Analysis of the data suggests that training programme was beneficial mainly for the men as almost 67 percent of the male candidate have responded that the training have helped them in building capacity and therefore finding a job .On the contrary only about 30 percent of the female have found this training to be helpful in getting a job.

Table 4.13: Training being successful in finding a job vis-à-vis Gender of beneficiary Gender (%)

Male Female Total Yes 66.86 29.9 96.67 Did the scheme helped

you in finding a job No 2.53 0.78 3.33 Total 69.40 30.70 100.00

4.1.7 Pre-training situation and Post-training situation

The graph below depicts the change in income of the beneficiaries before and after the training received. It was found that the average income of the beneficiaries before the training programme was about INR 2000 monthly, which got raised up to INR 5000 on an average. However beneficiaries from certain implementing agencies like AISECT, L&T and NIS Sparta have shown drastic increase in their average Income. Some of the beneficiaries from the above mentioned agencies even earned up to maximum of INR 9000 monthly

Figure 4.10: Average income of beneficiaries before & after Training

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

AD Solaris

Aide et Action

AISECT

Ajmal Foundation

Bhaskar Foundation

BVV Sangha

CAP Foundation

CLEF

FIWE

Grameen Labs East

Grameen Labs North

ILFS I

ILFS II

ISAP

Jagruti Foundation

L&T

Lupin Foundation

NIIT

NIS Sparta

Pipal Tree

Sahaj

SSCI

SSST

Tally

Technopak

Average income

before Training (in Rs.)

Average income after

Training (in Rs.)

Source: MM Study


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The following table shows that most of the beneficiaries felt that they have stability in their current job (87.21 percent). Amongst these beneficiaries, a large proportion was placed in the current job for less than a year.

Table 4.14: Number of years since training received vis-à-vis stability in job

Do you feel having a stability in your job

Yes No Not Sure Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Less than 1 Year 1835 43.21 173 4.07 55 1.30 2063 48.58

1 – 2 Years 942 22.18 117 2.75 66 1.55 1125 26.49

2 – 5 Years 905 21.31 83 1.95 49 1.15 1037 24.42

5 – 10 Years 19 0.45 0 0.00 0 0.00 19 0.45

Number of years since received training

more than 10 years

3 0.07 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 0.07

Total 3704 87.21 373 8.78 170 4.00 4247 100.00

Source: MM Study

Most of the beneficiaries (91%) felt that there was a change in their perception in life due to their current employment. These beneficiaries also reported change in their and/their family’s lifestyle due to this training and the job thereafter. In this context it must also be noted that L&T and Pipal Tree are the only two implementing agencies who have trained the BPL youth and placed them in their own companies.

Figure 4.11: Whether there has been change in perception

in life of beneficiaries due to current employment

Figure 4.12: Whether there is change in family lifestyle due

to training & job thereafter

91%

9%

Yes

No

94%

6%

Yes

No


Less than 5% beneficiaries across the implementing agencies had taken loan from a money lender/bank prior to this training. These beneficiaries who had taken loans expressed that there has been improvement in their situation in terms of payment of their existing loans as a result of the training and the placement thereafter.

The training and the placement thereafter has brought about an improvement in social status of families of all the beneficiaries. About one-tenth of the beneficiaries expressed that the placement as a result of the training had facilitated marriage of their family members. However, majority of the beneficiaries could


52


purchase some assets like two wheelers, mobile phones, etc. as a result of the training which is a significant achievement of the project.

Most of the beneficiaries across the implementing agencies perceived that the assistance/training provided to them under the SGSY scheme was sufficient for them and they were actually satisfied with the benefits received. However in case of Lupin Foundation, the satisfaction level among the beneficiaries was the least at 47.5% saying that it is not sufficient, followed by Grameen Labs East (14.3% saying that it is not sufficient). The main reason for this is the non-satisfaction with the employers where these beneficiaries were placed, also some of the beneficiaries felt that they should have been provided residential facilities and/or transportation during the training period.

Table 4.15: Whether assistance under the scheme sufficient In % Implementing Agency (N)

Sufficient Somewhat Sufficient Not Sufficient

A&D Solaris (202) 100.0 0.0 0.0

Aide et Action (202) 95.1 3.9 1.0

AISECT (203) 78.8 21.2 0.0

Ajmal Foundation (202) 100.0 0.0 0.0

Bhaskar Foundation (140) 6.4 93.6 0.0

BVV Sangha (200) 100.0 0.0 0.0

CAP Foundation (200) 87.3 12.7 0.0

CLEF (108) 43.5 48.2 8.3

FIWE (199) 24.6 71.4 4.0

Grameen Labs (East) (98) 44.9 40.8 14.3

Grameen Labs (North) (195) 38.5 59.5 2.0

IL&FS (Seam I) (236) 98.7 1.3 0.0

IL&FS (Seam II) (201) 99.0 0.5 0.5

ISAP (134) 14.9 82.1 3.0

L&T (122) 100.0 0.0 0.0

Lupin Foundation (40) 56.6 38.5 4.9

Jagruti Foundation (216) 17.5 35.0 47.5

NIIT (171) 67.0 32.0 1.0

NIS Sparta 197) 49.0 45.5 5.5

Pipal Tree (200) 100.0 0.0 0.0

Sahaj (202) 0.0 100.0 0.0

SSCI (168) 100.0 0.0 0.0

SSST (193) 80.5 16.4 3.1

Tally (201) 76.6 22.4 1.0

Technopak (209) 100.0 0.0 0.0


67.2 29.0 3.8

The assistance/training provided under the scheme helped in increasing the income of all the beneficiaries as most of them were not employed before the training. Majority of them got their placement for the first time after being trained by the various implementing agencies. The average monthly income of the beneficiaries after training for all the implementing agencies is INR 4000 - INR 6000 per month. No major variation was observed in the pattern of average monthly income of the beneficiaries across the various states where they have been placed.


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Figure 4.13: Whether there is an improvement in the salary due to

training

93%

7%

Yes

No

Source: MM Study

The average family income of the beneficiaries before training was nearly INR 2000 – INR 4000 per month. This showed a marked improvement after training, which increased to INR 6000 – INR 10000 per month. The distribution pattern of improvement in monthly family income of the beneficiaries after training was found to be similar across the states; perhaps because the beneficiaries have been mostly placed in the same state where they originated.

Less than 25% of the total beneficiaries interviewed had bank accounts, which is a very low percentage. This was due to the fact that most of the beneficiaries received the salaries from their employers in cash. However for IL&FS projects, 90% of the beneficiaries had bank accounts which is positive achievement and needs to be replicated by other agencies as well.

Out of the beneficiaries who had bank accounts, only negligible (10%) beneficiaries saved a part of their salary in their bank accounts. The implementing agency should encourage and facilitate the beneficiaries in opening bank accounts.


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5.1 Case Study 1

Mohammed Faruki is 24 years old. He belongs to village Santer in Madhya Pradesh. His family consists of four members including a sister. His father & mother are daily wage workers. He had completed 12th class and wanted job to support his family. He wanted to make a good career but couldn’t do that due to lack of monetary resources. He came to know about the training program offered by Bhaskar Foundation and immediately enrolled for the training in Retail domain. After the training period he was selected as Sales Associate in Ocean Motors and is now getting a handsome salary of INR 3500 per month plus incentives.

“I have learned a lot about grooming and regarding how to operate computer. Learning English was an additional experience for me which helped me a lot in my job. Now my family members are very happy. I am very thankful of BAVK”

5.2 Case Study 2

My name is Manish Yadav. I belong from Datoda, Madhya Pradesh. I am 23 years old. I had passed my intermediate from Govt. School. My mother is a daily wage worker. I have two sisters. I had to leave studies to support my family. Therefore, I was searching for a job but could not get it as I did not posses any diploma or certificate in any skill. One day, through a villager, I came to know about the free certificate course and placement services offered by Bhaskar Foundation. I went with my friend and got registered in BAVK in the hospitality trade. During the induction period I realized my inner self and shortcomings and with the help of learned facilitators. I was able to overcome my shortcomings. I gained marketing skills and English speaking skills needed for this job. This module completely changed my personality. With the help of my facilitators I was interviewed by Bharti Walmart and got selected as Sales Executive. Now I am earning a handsome salary of INR 5900 per month and incentives. I am very thankful to BAVK for giving me a sustainable livelihood.

5. Success Stories


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5.3 Case Study 3

Deepa hails from a humble family in Patyari, Distt. Shimla. Her father Mr. Ranjeet Singh Verma, a poor farmer, can hardly sustain the family with his meagre income. Her mother is a housewife, and she has two younger brothers and a sister at home. Although Deepa was a brilliant student during her school time, but she left her studies after passing her matriculation as her family problems didn’t allow her to continue her studies further. To supplement her father’s income, she tried for work at many places but all her hard works were not sufficient to bring the happiness for her family. One day she visited her Gram Panchayat office, with her friend. She came to know about Grameen LABS center that had been set up at Shimla by DRF in association with the DRDA (District Rural Development Agency). She was so excited to take admission in LABS with the belief that it would surely help her in making her living. She came to LABS and appeared in the interest inventory test and got selected for Hospitality course. She learned the essential professional skills. The three months training not only taught her Life skills, Money management, SWOT analysis and Goal setting but also improved her English and communication skills. She attended her classes without fail, and put her heart into learning everything that her facilitators taught through classroom coaching, practical training, field visits and guest sessions by industrial representatives. The training session of ‘Work readiness module’ helped her to prepare her resume and groom himself for job interviews and become ready for job. With great self confidence Deepa appeared in an interview conducted at Domino’s Shimla. She got selected for the job on a monthly salary of Rs. 6500. She is doing her job with full zeal and enthusiasm. She is quite happy by helping her father in the sustenance of family. She can now send her siblings for higher studies.

In her words Deepa says, “It’s like a dream comes true for me, I am lucky that I got a chance to being trained in LABS. It helped me finding out what I already know. I am very grateful to my LABS facilitators in giving me a new lease of life.”

5.4 Case Study 4

Manmohan S/o Mr. Bhgwan Singh of district Shimla left his studies after passing his tenth class. Having less interest in studies, Manmohan wanted to do job in order to become self dependent. As he didn’t possess any technical and professional skills, it was quite difficult for him to find any job. It was then that his brother brought him some heartening news. He had come to know from the Panchayat of his village that a Grameen LABS centre had been set up in Shimla for giving vocational training to poor unemployed youth who had dropped out of school. Manmohan rushed to the centre and, on making enquiries, was delighted to learn that the centre offered a course in Multi Skilled Technician, an avocation that was always close to his heart and appeared in the interest inventory. He got admission in MST domain. During training he gained lots of technical skills from his facilitator. Besides, he learned computer skills and the very important life skills. He got very confident in communication with others. He appeared in the interview conducted by SEL Group Pvt. Ltd., Nawanseher, Punjab and got selected as Machine operator with a monthly salary of INR 8000 plus accommodation.

In his words Manmohan, “LABS helped me to realize my inner strength it made me able to earn & to help my family in improving the socio-economic status.” Manmohan is grateful to his facilitators for the positive change they brought about in his life.


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5.5 Case Study 5

Promila belonging to Gurgaon, Haryana had completed her higher secondary education. Her father expired when she was very young leaving her mother to take care of her and her two siblings. Promila wanted to take up a job so that she could support her family. As she didn’t possess any technical and professional skills, it was quite difficult for her to find any job. She came to know through her friends that CAP Foundation centre in Gurgaon had been giving vocational training to poor unemployed youth. Promila rushed to the centre and, on making enquiries, was delighted to learn that the centre offered a course in hospitality. She cleared the initial level screening test and enrolled herself for the course. During training she gained lots of technical skills from her facilitator. Besides, she learned basic computers and improved her communication skills. She appeared for the campus interviews organized by CAP Foundation and got placed with an MNC with a monthly salary of INR 8000. By way of her hard work she proved herself in the organization and is today earning a monthly salary of INR 12000.

In her words Promila says, “Cap Foundation and SGSY Scheme was a God’s gift to me and my family.”


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Table 6.1: SWOT Analysis of the scheme

Strengths Weaknesses

Huge potential of skill development, which is currently needed.

Capacity building and creation of a cadre of trained personnel as per requirement of companies.

Assistance the beneficiaries in finding jobs.

Assisting beneficiaries in getting better salary package.

Scheme has potential to impact on socio economic status of households.

Direct link up with the entrepreneurs in Public Private Partnership.

Creation of marketable skills among the Poor rural youth.

Sustainable way of improving the quality of rural youth.

Scheme has operational issues in terms of weak IEC component.

The process of selection of candidates for training is not uniform.

High attrition rate among the beneficiaries placed in areas away from their native cities due to home sickness and lack of satisfactory food and accommodation facilities.

No monitoring from state and district level authorities.

Opportunities Threats

Changing employment opportunity and requirements and requirement of trained staffs.

Scheme should positively consider the entrepreneurship model.

Rich pool of trained manpower and infrastructure which could attracts entrepreneurs, nationally and internationally.

The scheme could be positioned as a single window approach for jobseekers to get a premium market.

Faced problems in identifying the genuine BPL youth for enrolment for training.

Highly competent market which requires specific training.

Shifting choice of entrepreneurs who link initially with the beneficiary.

Lack of a uniform systems in place like quality if training, quality of resource persons etc

Source: MM Study

6. SWOT Analysis of the programme


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7.1 Areas of concerns which need immediate attention

The Heads of all the Implementing agencies had a positive outlook towards the Demand Driven Skill Development Programme under SGSY scheme and considered it extremely beneficial for upliftment of BPL youth. However, they pointed out the following issues faced during the Project:


7.1.1.1 Based on Perceptions of Stakeholders

In present scenario market assessment is also done by the PIA and proposal submitted, which may be biased therefore market assessment of the region, wherein trainings have to be imparted. Ideally, it should be done by a third party to validate the realistic picture and then the proposal along with the market assessment report should be submitted to MoRD.

Problems were faced by the implementing agency in ensuring retention of the students at their work place. This is due to the fact that the beneficiaries primarily belong to the rural areas and are not able to culturally adapt to the urban lifestyle.

7.1.1.2 Based on Data Analysis

Selection of beneficiaries for training programme is dependent upon the educational qualification of the individual. This restricts the reach of the scheme to a particular section of people.

Challenges were faced in motivating the youth, especially women to join the training programme. In many cases resistance was also faced from the family members.

7.1.2 Monitoring & Evaluation


There is a need to identify suitable performance indicators so that there is consistency between performance indicators and the scheme objectives. It is also important to strengthen the capacity of the district/block level agency to generate and transmit quality data on identified parameters to help in decision-making. Increasing use of information technology should be made for speedy transmission of data to decision-making authorities and making the system effective. Besides, to strengthen the monitoring system, it is suggested that inspection reports should be enclosed with the proposal for release of grants.

Tracking of Students was quite difficult as they frequently change their phone numbers.

Apart from change in phone number, the tracking also becomes impossible as they change jobs and relocate to places outside their native places.

It was found that women beyond 35 years of age are willing to join the training programme. However present scheme guidelines do not allow the involvement of women beyond 35 years.

7. Issues & Recommendations


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7.1.3 Impact of scheme


It was felt that the PIAs should be allotted projects based on its capability and expertise in a particular trade/ skill in coordination with the market assessment of the regions and thereby making the allotments. We would recommend that a region specific market assessment at national level should be carried out by a third party and then allotments of specific PIA agencies should be done accordingly.

It was observed that knowledge about the scheme and its various aspects are limited because of which it had impact on the overall success of the project. Hence, there is a need to create awareness about the scheme. This can be done by giving wide publicity to the scheme, its components and procedure to avail the benefit from them through electronic and print media particularly television and radio.

Awareness generation among the people about the SGSY scheme of MoRD was found to be low because of which its affected impact on the project.

It was found that lack of support & co-ordination between the local governing bodies at the district and state level acted as a hurdle due to which there were delays in the project implementation on certain occasions.

7.2 Recommendations


Implementing agency should be empowered by the Government with the budget to take the beneficiaries to exposure visits to the cities so as to culturally acclimatize them to these areas. This will ensure long term retention of the beneficiaries at their work place.

The success rate of the project can be enhanced under the surveillance of a proper feedback mechanism from the beneficiaries at a pre defined regular interval during training course. This can ensure plugging the difficulties faced by the beneficiaries and can also highlight the lacuna in the implementation part of the PIAs.

Looking at the eagerness of the women who are beyond 35 years of age, the guidelines of the scheme can be revised to include beneficiaries beyond the age of 35 years.

In order to make this scheme more successful and beneficial to the actual needy candidates, the selection criteria of the beneficiaries can be revised. Priorities can be given to the uneducated individuals during the process of selection of beneficiaries. The already existing selection procedure based on the generalized aptitude test can be segmented. Two different types of aptitude tests can be carried out a) one for the educated individuals and b) another for the uneducated individuals. This can provide a fair chance for both the groups to get selected for the training programme.

Efforts should be made to motivate the beneficiaries to relocate outside their native places where they could find better opportunities suited to their skills.

Regular interactions/meetings to be organised with the potential employers to understand their requirements and offers they can make.


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Role of District Administration officials for mobilisation and placement need to be defined in addition to joint review of the programme.

Involvement of district officials in the programme is required to avoid implementation level difficulties.

Efforts from State Government for monitoring the scheme can be encouraged for identifying the various complications at the implementation level of the project which can be addressesed at the ministry in the centre

The main reason for the low participation of the women in the programme was resistance from the family. In order to overcome such problems, awareness generation campaign can be organized by the PIAs. Apart from these availability of residential facility from the PIAs end can enhance the women participation in the programme. Also selection of women in groups from same villages can reduce the resistance of the parents as that can provide a sense of security for their children.

7.2.2 Monitoring & Evaluation

An effective monitoring system should be put in place for the constant monitoring and tracking of the beneficiaries. A web based tracking system could be developed (as being done by L&T) and each beneficiary could be assigned a unique identification number. This can be replicated by other Implementing Agencies which would enable effective monitoring and tracking of beneficiaries during and after training.

7.2.3 Impact of scheme

The scheme should positively consider the entrepreneurship model and not only placements as some students, especially girls from various communities would like to start their own enterprises. To encourage this practice, role of banks needs to be specified.

Efforts should be made to motivate the youth and their families to support their children to take up training and placements.

Constant handholding should be done with all employers, especially those which are far away from the beneficiaries’ hometowns.

Agencies like NCVT need to recognise the courses that will improve the trust of the employers in such projects.

Role of NYK and DRDA has to be enhanced to organise district level conventions to make the project visible and create networks.


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Appendix A. Study Tools _______________________________________________________________________ 62 Appendix B. Scope of work vis-à-vis the sections where addressed ______________________________________ 72

Appendices


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Questionnaire for DRDAs, State Governments, NIRD, NABARD: 1. Name of the agency: 2. Address of the agency: 3. Please let us know about the physical and financial performance of Special SGSY in last three years. 4. What is your role in implementation of the project and at what stage? 5. Are you been involved in forwarding the applications of agencies interested in implementation of the

program? 6. IF YES, What is the basis for a State Government for recommending names of Implementing

Agencies to the Ministry of Rural Development? 7. How the budget is decided for each level? 8. Do you think that the budget is adequate for the proposed activities? Please provide details for your

response. 9. Please help us to draw a flow chart for the process of submission of proposal for grants by the

implementing agencies? 10. Please provide information about the process of scrutinising/evaluating the proposal for providing

grants and the reasons for large gaps between funds allocation and fund released? 11. What is the process of monitoring of funds utilisation? 12. In your opinion, what are the main achievements of the SGSY programme in different districts in the

last 3 years? 13. What kind of reports received from the implementation level and is there any mechanism under which

feedback is being provided? 14. What is the frequency of receipt of Utilisation Certificates from implementation agencies? 15. Please provide information on problems faced in implementation of the scheme? 16. Please provide us some details on best practices? 17. Please provide your suggestion for improvement and better implementation of the scheme?

Appendix A. Study Tools


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Director/in-charge/head of Project Implementation Agency: 1. Name: 2. Address of Implementing Agency: 3. Please tell us about vision and mission of your agency? (collect annual report) 4. What is your Institutional capacity to undertake the scheme at state/district level?

State level- District level-

5. Was there a creation of new infrastructure or upgradation of existing infrastructure as part of this

scheme, especially for imparting training to beneficiaries? 6. Are you using your own machinery and equipments for training or are you using the same from the

potential employers (partners) for imparting training? 7. Was the training undertaken at keeping the specific requirements of a particular employer or was the

training first imparted and then the placement was undertaken? If yes, which is the organisation for which training has been imparted? Please explain the process.

8. Please tell us the criterion relied upon for scrutinizing the applications and final selection of the

beneficiaries? 9. What kind of facilities you are providing for training and capacity building and in which area? 10. In which year was your agency selected for providing trainings under the scheme? 11. What is your capacity to undertake the objectives of scheme? 12. What was the criterion for selecting your agency under the scheme? 13. Please tell us the criterion relied upon for scrutinizing the applications and final selection of the

beneficiaries? 14. Is there any transparency of the criteria adopted for the selection of beneficiaries? 15. How many beneficiaries were selected in your IA for getting benefits under the scheme? 16. What kind of training is imparted from your side to make the scheme more efficient and reliable? 17. Which are the companies that visit your agency for providing placement to beneficiaries/ non-

beneficiaries? 18. Did you ensure that the training curriculum/content is innovative before initiating the project? Were

these developed keeping in mind the needs of the industry, or jointly with the industry partners/employers?

19. Were the training contents developed in the local language? 20. In addition to technical skills, were soft skills of the trainees also developed as part of the training? 21. What is the duration of each of the training programmes designed as part of the project?


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22. Are boarding and lodging facilities and/or to and fro transportation also provided to the trainees during the entire training period?

23. How many trainers and beneficiaries are enrolled in you IA? 24. Are those companies fully satisfied with you/State level performance in providing skills to people

involved? 25. What is the basis or the eligibility criteria for appointment of trainers? 26. What is the basis for deciding salary for trainers? 27. What kind of facilities are you providing for better implementation of scheme? 28. What is the response of the scheme from beneficiaries as well as non-beneficiaries? What is the

duration of training provided to beneficiaries/ non-beneficiaries under the scheme? 29. Is your agency facing any sort of hurdle or challenges for proper functioning of scheme? 30. Please provide a brief explanation about fund flow mechanism from centre as well as state? 31. What are your suggestions and recommendations about the scheme? 32. Have you established any quality control mechanism? If yes give details of the facility. 33. How many SHGs are formed under the scheme? What is the ratio of women in them? 34. Do you have any linkage with banks or financial institutions? 35. Are the beneficiaries in your area facing the problem in tapping the market potential? What co-

operation have you provided to them in this direction? 36. What kind of reports you are submitting to the upper level and is their any mechanism under which

feedback is being provided? 37. What is the frequency of submission of Utilisation Certificates from implementation agencies? 38. Have you carried out any skill development workshop? Please give details. 39. What measures and alternatives has your agency taken for capacity building? What are the different

programmes introduced for the same? 40. Please list three major problems and hurdles your organisation is facing while implementing SGSY

scheme? 41. Do you have access to some other funding sources too? If Yes, what are those? 42. Please provide us the details of your co-ordination with other organisations? 43. What are your suggestions and recommendations about the scheme? What do you think should be

changed so that the scheme could provide more benefits as compared to the existing scenario?


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Training coordinators/training administrators/faculty/resource person: 1. Name: 2. Educational Qualifications: 3. Experience: 4. Since when are you working in this agency? 5. What are your ideas, views, facts, and beliefs regarding SGSY scheme launched by GOI? 6. What do you think about the pros and cons of the scheme? 7. Is the head of Project Implementation Agency supporting enough regarding all the training

programmes undertaken? 8. What kind of co-ordination and support you provide to the trainees for skill development? 9. Were you involved in training curriculum/content development? Did you ensure that the training

curriculum/content are innovative before initiating the project? Were these developed keeping in mind the needs of the industry, or jointly with the industry partners/employers?

10. Were the training contents developed in the local language?

11. What is the method and durations (class room discussion, practice exercises, group activities etc.) adopted for training?

12. In addition to technical skills, were soft skills of the trainees also developed as part of the training?

13. Are boarding and lodging facilities and/or to and fro transportation also provided to the trainees during the entire training period?

14. How much financial help have you been provided from the head of agency for co-ordinating and

administrating training programmes? 15. What are the names of companies that often visit the campus for providing placement? 16. Are those companies satisfied with your role? 17. What are the skills and qualities that the companies look into for giving preference at the time of

placement? 18. What are your suggestions and recommendations about the scheme? What do you think should be



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Placement Facilitators/In-charge: 1. Name: 2. Designation: 3. Qualifications: 4. Experience: 5. Since when are you working in this agency? 6. What are your ideas, views, facts, and beliefs regarding SGSY scheme launched by GOI? 7. What do you think about the pros and cons of the scheme? 8. Is the head of Project Implementation Agency supporting enough regarding all the training

programmes undertaken? 9. What kind of facilitation do you provide for placements?

10. What is the number of campus interview organized? 11. How many people are getting placed in a year? 12. What is the average package offered to the students? 13. What is the level of satisfaction among trained personnel regarding their placement, compensation

offered and companies they are working in? 14. What is the phenomenon of tracking of trained personnel placements? 15. What do you think about the socio-economic status of participants before and after training? 16. What are your suggestions and recommendations about the scheme? What do you think should be



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Beneficiary questionnaire:

1. Serial number of the questionnaire:

2. Interview Date:

3. Interviewers Name: Signature:_____________________

Date:_________________

4. Checked By: Signature:_____________________

Date:_________________

Identification of Implementing Agency:

5. State

6. Name

7. Address

Socio-Economic Profile of beneficiaries:

8. State

9. Name of the respondent

10. Address of the respondent

Male 1 11. Gender Female 2

12. Age Illiterate 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher Secondary 4 Graduate 5 Post graduate 6

13. Qualification

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 14. Any skills (traditional/acquired) possessed No 2 Tailoring 1 Pottery 2 Beauty care 3 Agriculture 4 Engineering 5

15. If Yes, what are these

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 No 2

16. Is there any link with the skill imparted

Not sure 3 General 1 SC 2 ST 3 OBC 4

17. Caste

Others (specify) 99 Hindu 1 Muslim 2 Christian 3 Sikh 4 Jain 5

18. Religion

Others (specify) 99 Less than 1 Year 1 19. Number of Years associated in the scheme 1 – 2 Years 2


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2 – 5 Years 3 5 – 10 Years 4 More than 10 Years 5 Yes 1 20. Whether head of household working No 2 Illiterate 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher Secondary 4 Graduate 5 Post graduate 6

21. Literacy level of Head of Household

Others (specify) 99

22. Number of family members associated with this activity

BPL 1 APL 2

23. Do you have a ration card, if yes, then

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 24. Do you possess a Health Card No 2 Farming (own land) 1 Agricultural labour 2 Casual labour 3 Business/shop 4 Government Service 5 Private Service 6

25. What are the other sources of income

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 26. Were you employed before the launch of this

scheme No 2

Yes 1 27. Are you taking benefit of SGSY No 2

Information and facilities derived from SGSY scheme:

Yes 1 No 2

28. Are you aware of SGSY

Not sure 3 Yes 1 29. Do you think that the scheme has provided you

with some relief No 2

Provided training for skill development

1

Facilitation for credit 2 Market linkages 3 Interaction among business groups

4

Attained key knowledge regarding market strategies

5

30. What are the benefits received under the scheme

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 31. Are you a member of SHG No 2 Placement linked Skill development Programme for Rural BPL youth in Apparel sector

1 32. What was the name of training programme in which you were enrolled

Job oriented skill based training 2


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programme Skill Upgradation Programme 3 Tourism and hospitality based skill development

4

Skill development in Telecom sector

5

Employment oriented computer / life skill & vocational training

6

Others (specify) 99 Yes 1 33. Were the suitability of Training Programme

timings and location feasible No 2

Yes 1 34. Was the duration of training programme appropriate No 2

Size of the room Ventilation Fans/AC Lighting Toilet cleanliness Drinking water facility

35. How was the condition of training room

Chairs and Desks Audio 1 Video 2 Electronic 3

36. Types of training aids used

Others (specify) 99 Class room discussion 1 Practice exercises 2 Group activities 3

37. What were the techniques adopted during training for enhancement of skills

Presentation 4 Bad 1 Average 2

38. What was the quality of faculty/trainer

Good 3 Yes 1 No 2

39. Was there any campus interview organised

Not sure 3

40. How many of your batch mates were provided jobs

Low 1 Medium 2

41. What was the level of satisfaction among trained personnel regarding placement, compensation offered and companies they are working in High 3

Impact of the SGSY Special scheme:

Yes 1 42. Did the scheme helped you in finding a job No 2 Yes 1 No 2

43. Are you satisfied with your job

Not sure 3 Yes 1 No 2

44. Do you feel having a stability in your job

Not sure 3 Yes 1 No 2

45. Would you like to change your current job

Not sure 3

46. Was there a change in your perception in life due Yes 1


70


No 2 to your current employment Not sure 3 Yes 1 47. Has there been any improvement in your salary

due to this training that you have undergone No 2

Yes 1 48. Has there been any change in your and/or family’s lifestyle due to this training and the job thereafter

No 2

Yes 1 49. Have you taken any loan from a money lender/bank prior to this training No 2

Yes 1 50. Has there been any improvement in your situation in terms of payment of your existing loan(s)

No 2

Yes 1 51. Has the training and the placement thereafter bring about any change in the family in terms of marriage of family members or yourself

No 2

52. If Yes, please explain

Yes 1 No 2

53. Has the training and the placement thereafter bring about any change in the social status of your family Not sure 3

Yes 1 54. Have you been able to purchase various assets (such as TV, refrigerator, cattle, poultry, etc) as result of your current job

No 2

Yes 1 55. Was the level of confidence increased after acquiring skills No 2

Sufficient 1 Somewhat sufficient 2

56. How far is the assistance under the scheme sufficient for you

Not at all sufficient 3 Yes 1 57. Did assistance/training provided under the

scheme helped in increasing the income No 2

58. What was your monthly income before assistance/training

59. What was your monthly income after assistance/training

Yes 1 60. Apart from your salary, is there any other source of income in your family No 2

61. What is the monthly income of your other family members

62. What is the total monthly income of your family now

63. What was the monthly income of your family before you received training

Yes 1 64. Do you have a Bank account No 2 Yes 1 65. Do you save a part of your salary every month in

your Bank account No 2

Yes 1 No 2

66. Did you make a compliant against SGSY for better functioning

Not required 3


71


State 1 District 2

67. If yes, then at which level

Block 3


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Objectives Areas of enquiry / indicators Section(s) where addressed

Evaluate the processes involved in mobilization, selection of beneficiaries and organizing the training programme by the PIA’s and find out effectiveness of these processes

Effectiveness of the procedure used for the mobilization of beneficiaries (open advertisement, sponsorship by state govt. and others, etc.)

Minimum criteria fixed for the selection of beneficiaries

Number of participants belong to BPL families

Transparency of the criteria adopted for the selection of beneficiaries

Suitability of Training Programme timings and location

Appropriateness of the duration of Training Programme

Section 3.2.2.1

Section 3.2.2.1

Section 3.2.2.1 & 4.1.1

Section 3.2.2.1

Section 3.2.3.2 & Section 4.1.5

Section 3.2.3.2 & Section 4.1.5

Evaluate the availability and quality of infrastructure and the faculty/trainers, norms and requirements

Number of persons trained in a batch

Quality of training hall (size, ventilation, fans/AC, lighting, toilet cleanliness, drinking water facility, etc.) hired for training

Types of training aids (Audio, Video, Electronic etc.) used

Method and durations (class room discussion, practice exercises, group activities etc.) adopted for training

Quality of faculty / trainers

Section 3.2.3.2

Section 3.2.3.1 & 4.1.5

Section 3.2.3.2 & 4.1.5

Section 3.2.3.2 & 4.1.5

Section 3.2.3.2 & 4.1.5

Evaluate post training placement, tracking system and its effectiveness;

Methods adopted to contact the potential employers

Time devoted and money spent to reach potential employers

Effectiveness of the employer-mobilization process (success-rate/ strike-rate)

Number of campus interview organized

Proportion of trainees provided jobs

Average income earned per month by participants Vs the amount spent per participants

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4 & 4.1.7

Appendix B. Scope of work vis-à-vis the sections where addressed


73


Objectives Areas of enquiry / indicators Section(s) where addressed

on training Level of satisfaction among

trained personnel regarding their placement, compensation offered and companies they are working in.

Frequency of updating of records of trained personnel about their placement

Tracking of trained personnel placements

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Section 3.2.4

Assess impact of the training on the participants skill, attitude, performance, income etc.

Participants’ knowledge, skill, attitude and performance) the four level model suggested by Kirkpatrik and Bloom’s taxonomy would be adopted after suitably modified for the present study.

Level of Job Satisfaction among participants

Participants perception about enhancement of skill after training

Level of confidence among participants after acquiring skill

Socio-economic status of participants before and after training

Section 4.1.6

Section 4.1.3

Section 4.1.6

Section 4.1.7

SWOT Analysis of the programme

Section 6

Documentation of success stories

Section 5

Documents

Evaluation of Placement Linked Skill Development Special ...rural.nic.in/sites/default/files/Evaluation_placement_sgsy_vol1.pdf · INDEX OF REPORT Sl. No. Particulars Page Nos. 1