ENGLISH IN NURSING IIEVALUATION IN NURSING PROCESS
Hasanah Eka Wahyu Ningsih131411123048B 17 AJ 2
PENDIDIKAN NERS FAKULTAS KEPERAWATANUNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA2014
Nursing EvaluationIn nursing process, evaluation is the fifth
and the final steps. A continous process essential to ensuring the
quality and appropriateness of the care provide; it is done by
reviewing client responses to determine effectiveness of the plan
of care in meeting client needs (Doenges & Mary, 2013).
Evaluation is an ongoing process. It deals with the comparison of
the actual patient outcome against the expected outcome.
Information gained in this manner regarding the progress of patient
care becomes the basis for communication among nurses (Sirra,
2006)Evaluation should actually be a constructive opportunity to
provide positive feedback to the client and caregivers for their
efforts and encourage them to continue to strive for a higher level
of functioning or wellness. It is an opportunity for problem
solving and personal growth (Doenges & Mary, 2013).According to
(Alfaro,2006) to ensure through monitoring of the health care
practice, QI studies consider three types of evaluation:1.
Structure evaluation Structure refers to the administrative support
provided for quality care and the environment in whichhealth care
occurs. Adecuacy of supplies and equipment, number and proficiency
of helath care personnel, the hospital environment and barries and
facilitators to access are structural components. The category of
structure are patients characteristics like age, comorbidity, risk
and beliefs (Brosnan,2012)Example: Were the physical environment,
staffing patterns, and organization communication practices
adequate for efficient care management?
2. Process evaluationProcess comprises practioner-patient
interactions and the prationers technical proficiency in their
therapeutic relationships with patients. Process measures offer a
direct approach to evaluating health care quality becaus health
care that meets best practice standadrds in a specific time and
place quality care. Inherent in the selection of process criteria
is the assumption that a strong link exist between how providers
interact with patients and the outcomes of care. The type and
number of diagnostic tests ordered, differential diagnoses listed,
interpretation of test results, treatment prescribed, and type of
patient education are all process characteristics. Process
indicators reflect current standards of practice and as a result,
evolve overtime (Brosnan, 2012)Example: Were assesments and
interventions performed consistently and in a timely way?
3. Outcome EvaluationOutcomes refer to a measurable change in
patient health status that results from health care delivered.
Measuring outcomes does not provide as direct path as process in
evaluating quality but outcomes are the ultimate validators of the
effectiveness and quality of medical care. An advantage of outcomes
is that they are recognizable to both practioners and patients.
Practioners can measure the effect of a treatment and patients can
report if a treatment made them feel better or worse. Another
advantage is that desired outcomes can be standardized across
setting. A 10% reduction of nasocomial infections in a hospital is
a beneficial outcome that can be compared to other hospital
regardless of geographic location.Example: Were outcomes achieved
within desired timeframes? Are people satisfied with care?
Referencess:Alfaro, R.2006. Applying Nursing Process: The
Foundation for Clinical Reasoning 8th Edition. Philadelphia:
Lippincot Williams & WilkinsBrosnan, C.A. 2012. Evaluation of
Health Care Quality in Advanced Practice Nursing.Texas: Springer
Publishing CompanyDoenges, M.E. & Mary F.M. 2013. Application
of Nursing Process and Nursing Diagnosis: An Interactive Text For
Diagnostic Reasoning. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis CompanySirra. 2006.
Nursing Process 2/e. Delhi: Elsevie
