Evaluating the Sustainability of Public School

Buildings for Disaster Evacuation

DHM Aquino KJV Armendez MAN Tanchuling

PATLEPAM Conference

July 10 2014 Camarines Sur Watersports Complex

University of the Philippines Diliman

INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2

Typhoon Haiyan alone caused the displacement of approximately

41 M people ndash NDRRMC

3

Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers

Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings

4

Are public school buildings

SUSTAINABLE

for use as evacuation sites

5

Benchmarks

SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines

(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

2

Typhoon Haiyan alone caused the displacement of approximately

41 M people ndash NDRRMC

3

Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers

Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings

4

Are public school buildings

SUSTAINABLE

for use as evacuation sites

5

Benchmarks

SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines

(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

3

Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers

Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings

4

Are public school buildings

SUSTAINABLE

for use as evacuation sites

5

Benchmarks

SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines

(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

4

Are public school buildings

SUSTAINABLE

for use as evacuation sites

5

Benchmarks

SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines

(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

5

Benchmarks

SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines

(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

6

Metrics of Sustainability

Living Space

Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Accessibility

Suitability of Location

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

7

Living Space Capacity

Benchmark sq m per

person

SPHERERed CrossWHO 35

Japan 20

US CDC 186

Input Parameters

bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

8

Sanitation Facilities

For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day

Segregation of toilet for male and female is required

Input Parameters

bull No of usable toilets for male and female

bull Septic tank capacity

Benchmark toilet -person

ratio (M)

toilet -person ratio (F)

WHO Red Cross 150 125

SPHERE 160 130

US CDC 140 140

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

9

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day

Garbage density 151-211 kgcum

Input Parameters

bull No of waste bins and corresponding size

bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)

bull Presence of refuse pits

Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

10

Accessibility to the Public

Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)

Input Parameters

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay

bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay

How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition

Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

11

Suitability of Location

Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

Public Schools Evaluated

12

H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina

Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

13

SphereWHO

Red Cross Japan US CDC

RES 12 - -

BSES 132 93 86

HBES 196 168 163

NES 346 314 308

Living Space Capacity

Additional rooms required to comply with the standards

Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements

We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

14

Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs

Sanitation Facilities

Toilet Cubicle Capacity

reached (days)

Addl Tank Vol (m3)

Sphere IFRC

Sphere CDC

RES - - - 408 -

BSES M 17 F 45

M 7 F 40

M 27 F 30

096 529

HBES M 78 F 47

M 68 F 42

M 88 F 32

063 6431

NES M 139 F 95

M 129 F

90

M 149 F 80

041 1716

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit

Rizal ES 06 Yes

Bagong Silangan ES

015 Yes

H Bautista ES 009 Yes

Nangka ES 003 Yes

None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

Accessibility to the Public

Walking Duration (min)

Boundary Flood-prone

RES 209 183

BSES 11385 198

HBES 5125 255

NES 3353 3353

None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

17

Suitability of Location

Max Possible

Flood Depth (m)

Rizal ES 1

Bagong Silangan ES

gt 15

H Bautista ES 15

Nangka ES -

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

Conclusions

18

bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation

bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites

bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

References

19

bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1

bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18

bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education

bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]

bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12

bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]

bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]

bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa

bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association

bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398

References

20

bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]

bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028

bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]

bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office

bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)

bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]

bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12

bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing

bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44

bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization