Evaluating Risk Management Practices in Construction Organizations 2015 Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 194 (2015) 201 210

28th IPMA orld !on"ress# IPMA 2014# 29 Se$te%&er 1 'cto&er 2014# otterda%# he*etherlands

Evaluating risk management practices in construction

organizations

Al+redo Ser$ella,# i%ena .errada

/arissa &io

a# Ser"io Arao

a

aDepartment of Construction Engineering and Management, Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile, Santiago 782!"#,

Chile$School of Civil Construction, Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile, Santiago 782!"#,

Chile

Abstrac

t

!onstrction or"aniations in develo$in" contries# a$$roach ris %ana"e%ent in constrction $ro3ects & sin" a set o+$ractices

that are nor%all ins++icient# $rodce $oor reslts o+ten# and li%it the sccess o+ $ro3ect %ana"e%ent his $a$er descri&es the

develo$%ent o+ an instr%ent &ased on an or"aniational %atrit %odel +or evalatin" the ris-%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit

o+ constrction or"aniations his instr%ent has &een a$$lied to &oth# clients and contractors and is $art o+ a "eneral

no6led"e-&ased sste% 'tco%es o+ this research 6ill allo6 a client or contractor +irst# to develo$ or i%$rove its $ro3ect ris%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit &ased on international and local &est $ractices and second# to continosl i%$rove the $er+or%ance o+

this +nction alon" the realiation o+ ne6 $ro3ects he novelt o+ this a$$roach is that it addresses the ris %ana"e%ent +nction

+ro% a no6led"e-&ased $ers$ective and that it 6ill &e &ased in a 6e& a$$lication that 6ill &e availa&le to ever or"aniation

7 2015 he Athors P&lished & lsevier /td his is an o$en access article nder the !! B-*!-*:license(htt$;


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is is a ter% that has lon" &een stdied in di++erent areas Dillson (201) de+ines ris as the ncertaint that can

&e %easred# and ncertaint is a ris that cannot &e %easred o tr to %iti"ate or eli%inate the ris# 6e cont on

ris %ana"e%ent# 6hich is an inte"ral $art o+ $ro3ect %ana"e%ent is %ana"e%ent is a $ositive and $roactive

$rocess intended to redce the lielihood o+ nsatis+actor conse>ences to the $ro3ect in its di++erent sta"es# sch as

desi"n# constrction and o$eration (Mills# 2001= ohanine3ad E Ba"her$or# 201)is %ana"e%ent is an i%$ortant area o+ $ro3ect %ana"e%ent then# since it allo6s antici$atin" the occrrence o+

events that cold adversel a++ect a constrction $ro3ect and to de+ine actions that cold %ini%ie their i%$acts It is

6ell no6n that one o+ the %a3or roles ndertaen & an $ro3ect %ana"er is to deal 6ith contin"encies or riss that

occr continosl drin" the %ana"e%ent o+ a $ro3ect and this role is $articlarl co%$le@ and ine++icient i+ ris

%ana"e%ent has not &een $er+or%ed or s$$orted ade>atel since the start o+ the $ro3ect o %ae ris

%ana"e%ent an e++ective and e++icient +nction# it is necessar to have a $ro$er and sste%atic %ethodolo" and#

%ore i%$ortantl# no6led"e and e@$erience o+ varios t$es

.or %an ears# constrction or"aniations in develo$in" contries have a$$roached ris %ana"e%ent in

constrction $ro3ects and or"aniations & sin" a set o+ $ractices that are nor%all ins++icient# $rodcin" $oor

reslts %ost o+ the ti%e# and li%itin" the sccess o+ $ro3ect %ana"e%ent his sitation can &e o&served &oth in

contractors and o6ners or"aniations as 6ell In "eneral# it can &e said that ris %ana"e%ent in these or"aniations

is inade>ate# lacs a sste%atic and +or%al a$$roach# and its $er+or%ance is not %easred'ne o+ the challen"es &ein" +aced at this ti%e then# is ho6 to %easre the ca$a&ilit o+ a constrction

or"aniation to $er+or% ris %ana"e%ent e++ectivel and ho6 to hel$ this or"aniation to i%$rove alon" ti%e his

$a$er $resents a $artial re$ort o+ a co%$rehensive research $ro3ect on ris %ana"e%ent in constrction or"aniations

and $ro3ects 'ne o+ the >estions addressed & the research is; ho6 can ris %ana"e%ent $ractices &e evalated in

or"aniations and co%$anies involved in constrction $ro3ectsF It has &een $ro$osed then that ris %atrit %odels

%a $rovide an a$$ro$riate +ra%e6or +or evalatin" crrent ris %ana"e%ent $ractices in constrction

or"aniations and identi+in" crrent "a$s# &ecase this ind o+ %odels are constrcts that hel$ to carr ot the

assess%ent o+ the ris-%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit o+ an or"aniation and to o&tain an nderstandin" o+ its shortco%in"s

his $a$er descri&es the $rocess +ollo6ed +or the develo$%ent o+ the ris-%ana"e%ent evalation %odel and

instr%ent# and ho6 this 6as validated sin" local e@$ertsG $anels that too into accont the local cltre and

idiosncras he $rocess involved the +ollo6in" %a3or activities; 1) the develo$%ent o+ a %odel +or ris

%ana"e%ent +ro% &est international $ractices and to co%$are it 6ith real crrent do%estic $ractices his sta"e 6as

%ainl &ased on literatre revie6 &oth "eneral and s$eci+ic +or constrction $ro3ects# and addressed the state o+ the

art o+ ris %ana"e%ent# standards +or ris %ana"e%ent# and the identi+ication o+ &est $ractices and tools sed in ris

%ana"e%ent# and 2) the develo$%ent o+ an instr%ent &ased on an or"aniational %atrit %odel# to evalate the

ris-%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit o+ constrction or"aniations he latter sta"e also inclded the identi+ication and

or"aniation o+ a co%$rehensive set o+ &est $ractices +or hel$in" co%$anies to overco%e identi+ied "a$s in their ris

%ana"e%ent $ractices he +inal "oal o+ the 6hole research $ro3ect is to desi"n and constrct a 6e&-&ased co%$ter

$rotot$e o+ a ris-%ana"e%ent s$$ort sste% he idea is that the evalation instr%ent &e easil a$$lied to an

constrction or"aniation that 6ants to evalate its ris-%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit thro"h the interaction 6ith the 6e&-

&ased >estionnaire In addition# this $rotot$e 6old $er%it; (1) to store historical ris in+or%ation and no6led"e#

(2) to "ide co%$anies and or"aniations in the develo$%ent o+ the desired ris %ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit# accordin" to

the esta&lished %odel# () to condct the assess%ent and %onitorin" o+ the %atrit o+ an or"aniationGs ris-%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit# (4) to have ttorials and &ein" a&le to edcate e%$loees a&ot ris-%ana"e%ent de$endin"

on the hierarchical level and res$onsi&ilit that ever e%$loee has in a co%$an# and (5) to have a stora"e and

retrieval sste% o+ &est $ractices to hel$ co%$anies to i%$rove their ris-%ana"e%ent $er+or%ance continosl

eslts o+ this research 6ill allo6 a client or contractor to develo$ a ris %ana"e%ent +nction &ased on &est

$ractices and second# to i%$rove the $er+or%ance o+ this +nction alon" the realiation o+ ne6 $ro3ects he novelt

o+ this a$$roach is that it addresses the ris %ana"e%ent +nction +ro% a no6led"e-&ased $ers$ective# 6hich does

not e@ist in %ost o+ or"aniations and co%$anies in or contr Also# an additional interestin" contri&tion 6ill &e

the &est $ractices %odel that is &ein" develo$ed and that 6ill &e sed as a &ench%ar +or evalation and


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i%$rove%ent .inall# the instr%ent +or evalatin" crrent ris %ana"e%ent ca$a&ilities & a$$lin" a %atrit

%odel 6ill hel$ to i%$rove the $er+or%ance o+ !hilean constrction or"aniations# co%$anies# and $ro3ects

2. Research background

he $resence o+ ncertaint in everda li+e as 6ell as in or"aniations has &eco%e an i%$ortant isse at $resent

and to achieve its a$$ro$riate %ana"e%ent has &eco%e a challen"e :e to the dna%ic and co%$le@ environ%entthat e@ists arond or"aniations# ncertaint &eco%es an i%$ortant isse that %st &e taen into accont +or the

realiation o+ an $ro3ect (ohanine3ad and Ba"her$or# 201) here is a connection &et6een ncertaint and ris

as indicated & Dillson (2004) is is a %easre o+ the $ro&a&ilit and severit o+ adverse e++ects (D&&ard# 2009=

Aven# 2011) a++ectin" $ro3ect o&3ectives (Baloi and Price# 200= *ielsen# 200H) is %a &e a %lti+aceted conce$t

(an" and an# 2011)# 6hich crrentl is a concern +or an or"aniation In the constrction indstr riss are

inevita&le and the are $resent thro"hot the li+e ccle o+ the $ro3ect and the or"aniation shold %ana"e the%

$roactivel (ah et al# 2001a= oh et al# 201= hao et al# 201) 'n the other hand# not al6as riss are associated

6ith ne"ative reslts# &ein" also $ossi&le the $resence o+ a $ositive o$$ortnit or ris hese o$$ortnities# 6hen

taen# can %ean ti%e and %one savin"s and the creation o+ vale +or the $ro3ect (PMI# 2008= Dillson# 201)

:es$ite this# $eo$le tend to see onl the do6nside o+ riss (Baloi and Price# 200)

o %ana"e# identi+# assess and %onitor riss that arise 6ithin an or"aniation or $ro3ect# there e@ists the $rocess

o+ ris %ana"e%ent 6hich has its ori"in in the ?S in the J0s# 6hen secrin" &sinesses +ro% their initial sta"es

6as so"ht (hen" et al# 2009) In the JK0s# this $rocess &eca%e an inte"ral $art o+ $ro3ect %ana"e%ent (:el !aLo

and :e la !r# 2002= Arian et al# 2009) is %ana"e%ent %st acce$t that ris is inherent in an $ro3ect

(D&&ard# 2009) and that one o+ the "reatest di++iclties is to deter%ine 6hich are riss and ho6 the shold &e

$rioritied (Anderson# 2009) his is a e $rocess and that is 6h $ro3ect %ana"ers reco"nie that ris %ana"e%ent

is essential to carr ot a "ood $ro3ect %ana"e%ent (Baloi and Price# 200= oh et al# 201)

:i++erent %odels o+ the ris %ana"e%ent $rocess have &een $ro$osed in the literatre & di++erent researchers and

di++erent &odies o+ no6led"e (oh et al# 201) he intended ot$t o+ ris %ana"e%ent is to identi+# assess and

control riss sin" %ethods to redce the% to an acce$ta&le de"ree and have a sccess+l $ro3ect (ohanine3ad and

Ba"her$or# 201)

2*+* is- management

In the $ast +or decades# research on ris %ana"e%ent has "ro6n considera&l in the constrction indstr

(!ha$%an E ard# 2011= /ehtiranta# 2011) de to the +act that constrction $ro3ects are $er%anentl e@$osed to

riss and are $erceived as $ro3ects 6ith "reater inherent ris de to the involve%ent o+ %an staeholders It is

$ossi&le to anale $ro3ect riss +ro% t6o di++erent $ers$ectives .ro% the $oint o+ vie6 o+ the client# 6ho is e to

decision-%ain" in the $ro3ect# and +ro% the $oint o+ vie6 o+ the contractor# 6ho traditionall increases costs to

hed"e riss# &t "iven that the %ar"in tilit is "ettin" lo6er# is +acin" a $ractice that has &eco%e n$ro+ita&le

(Baloi and Price# 200) hese t6o "ro$s have di++erent &ehaviors a"ainst the riss o+ the $ro3ect and di++erent

$ossi&ilities o+ trans+errin" riss to the $art &est a&le to %ana"e the% (an" et al# 2011)

!rrentl the $ractice o+ ris %ana"e%ent is reactive# se%i-$er%anent# casal and nstrctred 6ithin the

constrction indstr# resltin" in a lac o+ ca$acit to %ana"e riss a$$ro$riatel he %ain &arriers that 6ere

+ond +or the i%$le%entation o+ an e++ective ris %ana"e%ent sste% are the lac o+ +or%alit o+ the sste% and thelac o+ inte"rative %echanis%s o+ ris %ana"e%ent a%on" the $arties involved in the $ro3ect (!hodhr and I>&al#

201) In addition# ris %ana"e%ent is not a$$lied 6ith the sa%e ri"or as other to$ics o+ the $ro3ect %ana"e%ent

$rocess (.an et al# 2008)

he sste% sed +or ris %ana"e%ent in $ro3ects has &een %ainl &ased on a >alitative analsis# &t this

techni>e does not allo6 to record riss# isses# and actions taen to resolve the% as 6ell as lessons learned so that

the can &e sed +or develo$%ent o+ ne6 $ro3ects (ah et al# 2001a= D&&ard# 2009)


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It is no6n that over ti%e and in di++erent contries# the constrction indstr tends to se a li%ited n%&er o+

ris %ana"e%ent techni>es# 6hich are not a$$ro$riate +or ever sitation A%on" the techni>es sed to identi+

the riss are the &rainstor%in"# checlist= sensitivit analsis and ris re"ister (oh et al# 201)# also indicatin" that

>alitative %ethods +or ris assess%ent are %ch %ore sed than >antitative or se%i->antitative %ethods

he a+ore%entioned de+iciencies have an i%$act on the $ro3ect develo$%ent In constrction $ro3ects# riss can

seriosl a++ect its %ain o&3ectives; ti%e# cost# sco$e and >alit# 6hich can %ean an additional cost and hence a

lo6 rate o+ retrn on the invest%ent +or the csto%er and a loss o+ $ro+it +or the contractor# in addition to otherconse>ences :es$ite this# ris co%%nication is i%$recise# inco%$lete# and inconsistent thro"hot the vale

chain o+ constrction $ro3ects (ah and !arr# 2001a= Aven# 2011) In addition# $ro3ect $artici$ants have not a

co%%on nderstandin" o+ $ro3ect riss and their conse>ences# 6hich $recldes an i%$le%entation o+ e++ective and

earl 6arnin" %easres and strate"ies to %iti"ate ade>atel the $ro&le%s resltin" +ro% a decision-%ain" in an

$art o+ the chain (ah and !arr# 2001&)

Alon"side this# in %an occasions the identi+ication o+ riss is done onl drin" the $re$aration o+ the $ro"ra%

and &d"et# &t the are not %onitored a$$ro$riatel drin" $ro3ect i%$le%entation (*ielsen# 2004) 'ther &arriers

that i%$act ris %ana"e%ent are the lac o+ a co%%on lan"a"e (Aven# 2010= an&o et al# 2012= oh et al# 201)#

ins++icient resorces to carr ot the ris %ana"e%ent $rocess and the lac o+ +or%aliation o+ this $rocess in

constrction $ro3ects (ah and !arr# 2001&)

2*2* Maturit& of ris- management

:rin" the $ast decade# interest "re6 on researchin" and a$$lin" %atrit %odels to assess the $rocess o+ ris

%ana"e%ent in di++erent +ields hese %odels hel$ or"aniations to nderstand the a&ilities that the or"aniation has

on ris %ana"e%ent and to contrast the% 6ith a re+erence +ra%e6or his +ra%e6or is de+ined & &est $ractices

in ter%s o+ %atrit (Dillson# 199K= ia et al# 2011)

Matrit is assessed thro"h %odels that %easre the ca$a&ilit o+ the ris %ana"e%ent $rocess inside o+ an

or"aniation In this $a$er# the +ocs o+ the evalation is on constrction co%$anies Several %odels have &een

$ro$osed lie the %atrit %odel o+ Dillson (199K) his %odel $resents a +or%al a$$roach to the ris %ana"e%ent#

assessin" %atrit in +or levels# 6here each o+ these levels con+ir%s the +l+ill%ent o+ $revios levels and +ocses

%ainl in evalatin" attri&tes as; cltre# $rocess# e@$erience and a$$lication o+ ris %ana"e%ent Another

%atrit %odel availa&le is the !a$a&ilit Matrit Model Inte"ration !MMI (2009) his %odel 6as develo$ed

ori"inall +or the co%$ter indstr and raises the e +eatres +or %atrit %odels and $rocess ca$a&ilit

additionall $rovidin" &est $ractices associated "enericall and s$eci+icall 6ith +ive levels o+ evalation

he DillsonGs %odel served as a re+erence +or the develo$%ent o+ other %atrit %odels $ro$osed & di++erent

athors 'ne o+ these %odels# &ased on the DillsonGs %odel# is that $ro$osed & the International !oncil on

Sste%s n"ineerin" I*!'S (2002)# 6hich $ro$oses the is Mana"e%ent Matrit Model# MMM he

%odi+ication sho6n & this %odel is &asicall the e@tension o+ the initial de+initions o+ the +or %atrit levels

$ro$osed & Dillson his %odel %ana"es to de+ine ele%ents o+ ris %ana"e%ent 6ithin each o+ the attri&tes to

evalate# as 6ell as their characteristics accordin" to each o+ the +or %atrit levels $ro$osed So%e ada$tations

have &een $ro$osed also & Dei3den (200H) and ol&ers (2009) in an atte%$t to co%$le%ent so%e 6eanesses o+

the MMM hese %odels have &een a$$lied in $ractice and co%$arisons carried ot &et6een a$$lications and

environ%ents

In another contri&tion# eo and en (2004) develo$ed a %atrit %odel o+ +ive levels# 6here a "radaladvance%ent in the +eatres to &e %et & the or"aniation is $ro$osed he +irst three levels o+ %atrit 6ere

develo$ed to ensre that the or"aniation has esta&lished a strctred $rocess +or %ana"in" riss to ena&le ris

control and a$$ro$riate $rocedres to address the% As to the ne@t t6o levels o+ %atrit (4 and 5)# the 6ere

desi"ned in order to %ae the $rocess o+ ris %ana"e%ent a&le to address e%er"in" riss

he is Mana"e%ent Matrit Model M $ro$osed & o et al# (2010) 6as develo$ed &ased on the %atrit

%odels $ro$osed & Dillson# and en and eo his %odel sees to assess the %atrit o+ constrction co%$anies in

attri&tes sch as; ris %ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit# ris %ana"e%ent and the or"aniational cltre# the a&ilit to


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identi+ riss# the a&ilit to anale riss and their develo$%ent# and the standardied a$$lication o+ the ris

%ana"e%ent $rocess hese attri&tes are evalated in +or levels o+ %atrit his %odel has a dra6&ac in that it

+ocses on onl one $art o+ the $rocess o+ ris %ana"e%ent leavin" aside i%$ortant sta"es o+ the $rocess sch as

riss res$onse and riss control

he a$$lication o+ %atrit %odels +or ris %ana"e%ent still has de+iciencies in the constrction indstr (hao

et al# 201) In the constrction indstr or"aniations# it is necessar to have a clear idea o+ their actal

$er+or%ance in ris %ana"e%ent to de+ine their o&3ectives and a s$eci+ic sste% +or ris %ana"e%ent accordin" totheir a&ilities (o et al# 2010)

.rther%ore# Ser$ell and Do6ard (2012) develo$ed a %odel &ased on the !MMI %atrit %odel# 6here +or

s$eci+ic levels +or each o+ these attri&tes are evalated# "a$s are identi+ied# and a dia"nosis and %onitorin" is done

to each o+ the% Also# $ro$osals o+ &est $ractices are $resented altho"h "enericall and 6ithot identi+in" sills or

$ractices that shold &e develo$ed to %ove +ro% one level to the s$erior level

?nder all these $ro$osals o+ %atrit %odels# it can &e said that the installation o+ a %atrit %odel in an

or"aniation is a startin" $oint to &e"in to %ae a "ood ris-%ana"e%ent +nction 6ithin an esta&lished cltre# a

sita&le sste% and the $ractice o+ ris %ana"e%ent in &oth the or"aniation and their $ro3ects his 6ill allo6 the

co%$an to start esta&lishin" &est $ractices +or continos i%$rove%ent in ris %ana"e%ent

3. Research methodolog

he research has &een carried ot 6ith +inancial s$$ort +ro% a "overn%ent a"enc he research %ethodolo"

has involved +ive sta"es so +ar# as +ollo6s;

1) A co%$rehensive literatre revie6 to nderstand ho6 ris %ana"e%ent is carried ot internationall# &oth

in "eneral and at the constrction indstr in $articlar

2) he constrction o+ a $reli%inar ris %ana"e%ent %odel +ro% the literatre revie6 he %ain +actors and

s&-+actors that a++ect ris %ana"e%ent# as re$orted in the literatre# 6ere "ro$ed sin" an a++init

analsis

) Nalidation o+ the ris %ana"e%ent %odel thro"h the $artici$ation o+ t6o e@$ertsG $anels o+ +or e@$erts

each he $rocess consisted in the $resentation o+ the %odel constrcted initiall to the +irst $anel o+

e@$erts 6ho $rovided their o$inions and reco%%endation to i%$rove the %odel 'nce corrected the %odel

& the research tea%# the resltin" ot$t 6as sent to the second $anel o+ e@$erts 6ho a$$roved the %odelor $resented so%e additional co%%ents and o&servations that 6ere incor$orated & the research tea%

hen the %odel 6as $resented to the e@$erts +or a last revie6 and a$$roval A ris %ana"e%ent %odel o+

+ive %ain +actors and 14 s&-+actors 6as created as sho6n in +i"re 1

4) !onstrction o+ the instr%ent +or ris %ana"e%ent %atrit assess%ent 'r"aniational %atrit %odels

6ere sed to de+ine the %atrit %odel to &e a$$lied in this research ach o+ the %ain +actors is to &e

evalated sin" a scale o+ +or levels 6ith a descri$tion o+ the sitation that re$resents the conditions

associated 6ith each level

5) Nalidation o+ the instr%ent +or assessin" the %atrit o+ ris %ana"e%ent 6as carried ot +ollo6in" the

sa%e a$$roach e@$lained +or the ris %ana"e%ent %odel

!. "reliminar research outcomes

Besides the de+inition and validation o+ the ris %ana"e%ent %odel as sho6n in +i"re 1 a&ove# the research has

advanced in the develo$%ent o+ the instr%ent that 6ill &e sed +or the evalation o+ the %atrit o+ constrction

or"aniations# & assessin" each o+ the s&-+actors o+ each %ain +actor o acco%$lish this "oal# a %atrit %odel

had to &e develo$ed %ainl +ro% the literatre revie6 A co%$arison o+ the di++erent $ro$osals +ond in the

literatre is sho6n in ta&le 1 he analsis o+ these $ro$osals convinced the research tea% to se the Dillson %odel

(Dillson# 199K) as the &ase +ra%e6or +or the %atrit %odel to &e a$$lied in this case# &t 6ith an ada$tation


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re"ardin" the evalation levels he n%&er o+ levels selected +or evalation 6as decided to &e +or as +ollo6s

("eneric descri$tion);

- /evel 1; the or"aniation has a ver lo6 develo$%ent o+ the s&-+actor evalated I+ the s&-+actor e@ists or is

a$$lied to so%e de"ree# this is done s$oradicall and onl &ecase a $ro+essional decides to do so ot o+ his or

her o6n interest# &t it is not an instittional $rocedre

- /evel 2; he or"aniation has a &asic and inci$ient develo$%ent o+ the s&-+actor evalated I+ this is carried ot

or a$$lied# it is "enerall in an in+or%al %anner and not onl de$ends on $ersonal choices# &t a "reater$artici$ation and instittional interest are a$$reciated

- /evel ; he or"aniation contains the s&-+actor evalated# &t this develo$%ent is still inco%$lete he s&-

+actor is held or a$$lied in a +or%al and instittional %anner# &t still in an in+re>ent 6a# 6ith li%ited

i%$le%entation in so%e $ro3ects

- /evel 4; he or"aniation develo$s the s&-+actor evalated constantl 6orrin" a&ot its i%$rove%ent he

s&-+actor is a$$lied in a +or%al# instittional# and re"lar 6a to all $ro3ects o+ the or"aniation and its

$artici$ants

.i"re 1 is %ana"e%ent %odel

An e@a%$le o+ the a$$lication o+ the %atrit %odel to the s&-+actor :i++sion is sho6n ne@t to illstrate the

s$eci+ic se o+ this a$$roach he s&-+actor :i++sion re+ers to the +act that the or"aniation shold s$read the

in+or%ation a&ot ris %ana"e%ent to all the e $artici$ants o+ its $ro3ect# raisin" a6areness o+ its &ene+its

- /evel 1; In this or"aniation# no in+or%ation on ris %ana"e%ent o+ an ind is disse%inated

- /evel 2; In this or"aniation# so%e in+or%ation a&ot ris %ana"e%ent is disse%inated to the $artici$ants o+

a $ro3ect- /evel ; In this or"aniation $artial in+or%ation a&ot ris %ana"e%ent is s$read to all $ro3ect $artici$ants

- /evel 4; In this or"aniation# co%$lete in+or%ation a&ot ris %ana"e%ent is s$read to all $ro3ect

$artici$ants

he instr%ent (>estionnaire) +or the evalation o+ ris %ana"e%ent %atrit in constrction or"aniations is

+inished and validated It has &een a$$lied to three constrction co%$anies as $art o+ a $ilot std that 6ill allo6 the


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cali&ration o+ the instr%ent he a$$lication o+ the $ilot is realied thro"h Internet his $ilot has &een desi"ned

not onl to %easre the level o+ %atrit o+ the or"aniation# &t also to %easre the clarit o+ the 6ordin" and the

content o+ each sitation

a&le 1 !o%$arison o+ so%e ris %atrit %odels +ond in the literatre

Matrit Model Advanta"es :isadvanta"es

Dillson# is Matrit Model (199K) .irst a$$roach to "enerate a +ra%e6or +or assessin"

the %atrit o+ ris %ana"e%entoo "eneral in the de+initions o+

the levels and characteristics o+ the

attri&tes %easred

!a$a&ilit Matrit Model

Inte"ration# (!MMI 2009)It has the s$$ort o+ %an or"aniations that have sed

it and "enerated 6orld6ide acce$tance It is a "eneric

%odel ada$ta&le to %lti$le conte@ts and or"aniations

:oes not $rovide an %easrin"

$rocedre associated 6ith the

%odel

International !oncil on Sste%s

n"ineerin" (I*!'S) is

Mana"e%ent Matrit Model

(MMM 2002) and Sholts (200)

It $artiall co%$letes the DillsonGs %odel It is still ver "eneral It does not

$ro$ose an instr%ent +or

evalation

Dei3den (200H) ol&ers (2009)#

&ased on the MMM

eo en# is Mana"e%ent

!a$a&ilit Matrit Model

(M!MM 2004 and 2009)

!o%$le%ents the I*!'S %odel# addin" the attri&te

OStrctre as the +i+th attri&te to &e evalated in the

%odel

his %odel $ro$oses to evalate attri&tes &oth at the

or"aniational level as 6ell as at the ris %ana"e%ent

$rocess It addresses the conce$ts o+ secrit and

ro&stness that a %atrit %odel shold have

ol&ers $ro$oses a %easrin" tool

&ased on a >estionnaire

Do6ever the instr%ent is not 6ell

cali&rated and does not re+lect

6hat is the sitation o+ the

or"aniation accratel

*o $rocedre is $resented +or the

evalation o+ the ris %ana"e%ent

%atrit

!ra6+ord (2002) It is &ased solel on the ris %ana"e%ent $rocess

esta&lished & the PMI in the PMB'Q# 6hich allo6s

havin" a %ore detailed analsis in the $rocess

:oes not consider +actors that are

e@ternal to the $rocess# 6hich %a

&e e>all or %ore i%$ortant# schas or"aniational cltre# resorce

allocation# leadershi$# and other

+actors

o# !hen E !han#

is Mana"e%ent Matrit Model

M# (2010)

It is &ased on attri&tes +or constrction co%$anies and

is +ocsed on evalatin" attri&tes lie the ris

%ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit# the or"aniational cltre in

relation to riss# the a&ilit to identi+ and anale riss

and the a&ilit o+ develo$in" a standardied ris

%ana"e%ent $rocess

Its +ocs is onl on one $art o+ the

ris %ana"e%ent $rocess and

ne"lects i%$ortant ste$s sch as

the ris res$onse and control

Do6ard and Ser$ell (2012) !onsider di++erent characteristics +or each attri&te to

evalate it he inclde the identi+ication o+ e@istin"

"a$s# and the dia"nosis and %onitorin" o+ each o+ the

attri&tes to &e evalated

he onl esta&lish "eneral

$ractices 6ithot identi+in" 6hat

is needed to "o +ro% one level to

the ne@t one

#. Summar o$ results obtained $rom the pilot stud

he ris-%ana"e%ent %odel and the associated %atrit evalation instr%ent 6ere a$$lied to three constrction

co%$anies as $art o+ a $ilot sta"e he characteristics o+ co%$anies are sho6n in ta&le 2 !o%$anies nder the


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"idance o+ researchers selected the $ersons that ans6ered the evalation instr%ent# incldin" at least# the eneral

Mana"er# :e$art%ental Mana"ers# and $ro+essionals &oth at the central o++ice and at the site

a&le 2 !haracteristics o+ constrction co%$anies that $artici$ated in the $ilot std

!o%$an $e Main constrction s$ecialties *%&er o+ $artici$ants in the std

A !ontractor Dosin" &ildin"s# !o%%ercial and eneral&ildin"#

Indstrial constrction

K

B !ontractor Bildin"# In+rastrctre constrction# Indstrial

constrction

11

! !ontractor In+rastrctre constrction# Minin" constrction#

ner" constrction $ro3ects

12

he "lo&al %atrit levels o&tained +ro% the $erce$tions and ans6ers o+ $artici$ants o+ each o+ the co%$anies

are sho6n in ta&le

a&le eneral %atrit levels o+ co%$anies on the scale 1 to 4

!o%$an Matrit /evel

A 1K

B 21

! 22

Avera"e 20

.i"re 2 dis$las the reslts o+ each o+ the co%$anies +or each %ain +actor o+ the ris-%ana"e%ent %odel and the

avera"e o+ the three co%$anies

!o%%nication

4#0

#0

Process 2#0'r"aniation

1#0

Inte"ration Qno6led"e

!o%$an A

.i"re 2 Matrit levels o+ co%$anies +or each +actor

!o%$an B !o%$an ! Avera"e


9/10

%. Discussion

eslts o&tained drin" the $ilot std sho6 that the %atrit levels o+ the three constrction co%$anies are lo6

and that there is an o$$ortnit +or si"ni+icant i%$rove%ents he avera"e is 3st 20 in a scale +ro% 1 to 4 ?sin"

the characteriation o+ each level# it %eans that; the or"aniation has a &asic and inci$ient develo$%ent o+ ris-

%ana"e%ent I+ this is carried ot or a$$lied# it is "enerall in an in+or%al %anner &t not onl de$ends on $ersonal

choices= an increasin" $artici$ation and interest are a$$reciated +ro% the or"aniationAs sho6n in +i"re 2# the %ost de+icient +actor accordin" to the avera"e o+ the three co%$anies 6as Qno6led"e#

+ollo6ed & 'r"aniation and Process he +act that Qno6led"e is so lo6# sho6s that $eo$le at 6or have a scarce

no6led"e a&ot ris-%ana"e%ent and that constrction or"aniations do not collect and store the no6led"e that is

o&tained +ro% e@$erience# ie# the donGt have a$$ro$riate no6led"e-%ana"e%ent in this area

he $ilot std also allo6ed the research tea% to test the evalation instr%ent in a real do%ain Accordin" to

the co%%ents received +ro% the co%$anies# the instr%ent 6as a$$ro$riated and the reslts a"reed 6ith the crrent

conditions o+ ris-%ana"e%ent in their co%$anies his in+or%ation 6as con+ir%ed & 6a o+ intervie6 carried ot

a+ter the a$$lication o+ the instr%ent and the re$ort o+ reslts to co%$anies In addition# the !ron&ach al$ha test

6as a$$lied to the evalations sho6in" "ood reslts

&. 'onclusions

is %ana"e%ent in &oth constrction &siness and constrction $ro3ects shold &e $art o+ the or"aniational

cltre his 6old allo6 its develo$%ent and i%$le%entation and to &eco%e a standard +or $lannin" and

i%$le%entation o+ $ro3ects I%$ortant $art o+ this is to "enerate an e++ective %ana"e%ent o+ no6led"e to have a

sste%# 6hich can ee$ the lessons learned so that the can &e s$read and resed in +tre $ro3ects Davin" the

$ro$er channels o+ co%%nication &et6een $ro3ect $arties +or ris %ana"e%ent is also i%$erative as 6ell as trainin"

on this to$ic

:rin" the realiation o+ this research it has &een o&served that the lac o+ no6led"e a&ot ris %ana"e%ent

6ithin the do%estic constrction indstr has &eca%e a &arrier that has $revented the $artici$ation o+ so%e

co%$anies that have &een not 6illin" to contri&te to the std Do6ever# it is e@$ected that this attitde 6ill chan"e

once the +indin"s o+ the research are s$read ot to the constrction co%%nit Also# co%$anies 6ill realie that the

evalation sste% 6ill hel$ the% to identi+ the "a$s in their ris %ana"e%ent $er+or%ance and %ae se o+

availa&le &est $ractices to i%$rove his in+or%ation is intended then to s$$ort co%$anies to &e in constant

assess%ent o+ their ris %ana"e%ent %atrit level and to i%$le%ent those activities that 6old hel$ the% achieve

the level o+ %atrit the as$ire to reach

Mch re%ains to &e done in this area# 6hich &eco%es increasin"l %ore critical to the $er+or%ance and sccess

o+ constrction $ro3ects es$eciall 6here riss conse>ences are so relevant

Ackno(ledgements

Athors 6ish to e@$ress their acno6led"e%ent to .'*:! +or the s$$ort to the realiation o+ this research

e++ort thro"h the research "rant *R 110520

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!IB oint International S%$osi%# 885-895 :&rovni# !roatia

Aven# (2011) 'n the ne6 IS' "ide on ris %ana"e%ent ter%inolo" elia&ilit n"ineerin" and Sste% Sa+et# 9H; K19-K2H

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128# 4K-485.an# M# /in# *-P# E !h6en# S (2008) !hoosin" a $ro3ect ris-handlin" strate"; An analtical %odel International ornal o+ Prodction

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Dillson# : (201) Mana"in" ris in $ro3ects; 6hatJs ne6F .ro%;htt$;< are# PA; PMI

ohanine3ad# M# E Ba"her$or# M (201) A$$lication o+ ris analsis 6ithin vale %ana"e%ent; A case std in :AM en"ineerin" ornal o+

!ivil n"ineerin" and Mana"e%ent# 19; H4-K4

Sholts# (200) is %ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit %atrit >antitive assess%ent tool Proceedin"s I*!'S 1th Annal S%$osi% Arlin"ton#

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n"ineerin" So+t6are# 2# 85-84H

ah# # E !arr# N (2001&) Qno6led"e-&ased a$$roach to constrction $ro3ect ris %ana"e%ent ornal o+ !o%$tin" in !ivil n"ineerin"# 15#

1K0-1KK

an"# # E an# D (2011) .actores a++ectin" contractorsJ ris attitdes in constrction $ro3ects; !ase std +ro% !hina International ornal

o+ Pro3ect Mana"e%ent# 29# 209-219

ol&ers# M (2009) A$$lication o+ ris %ana"e%ent in $&lic 6ors or"aniation in !hile ?niversit o+ 6ente and Ponti+icia ?niversidad

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an&o# # Bon-an"# D# E Si Phen"# / (2012) I%$le%entin" enter$rise ris %ana"e%ent in a !hinese constrction +ir% &ased in Sin"a$ore

Proceedin"s orld !onstrction !on+erence- lo&al !hallen"es in !onstrction Indstr !olo%&o# Sri /ana

eo# Q# E en# (2004) is %ana"e%ent ca$a&ilit %atrit %odel +or co%$le@ $rodct sste%s (!oPS) $ro3ect Proceedin"s International

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eo# Q# E en# (2009) is Mana"e%ent !a$a&ilit Matrit Model +or !o%$le@ Prodct Sste%s (!oPS) Pro3ects ornal o+ Sste%s

n"ineerin"# 12# 2K5-294hao# # D6an" # B-# E /o6# S (201) :evelo$in" + enter$rise ris %ana"e%ent %atrit %odel +or constrction +ir%s ornal o+

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http://www.risk-doctor.com/pdf-files/mar10a.pdfhttp://www.risk-doctor.com/pdf-files/mar10a.pdfhttp://www.pmi-switzerland.ch/fall05/riskmm.pdfhttp://www.risk-doctor.com/pdf-files/mar10a.pdfhttp://www.pmi-switzerland.ch/fall05/riskmm.pdf

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