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Evaluating Health Programmes. By Geoff Middleton Lecturer: Health Promotion & Exercise Faculty of Health Life and Social Sciences. Why Evaluate?. To describe and/or assess what was intended? (goals/aims/objectives/KPIs?) May be to describe what was unintended? What was actually implemented? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Evaluating Health Programmes
By Geoff MiddletonLecturer: Health Promotion & ExerciseFaculty of Health Life and Social Sciences
Why Evaluate?
• To describe and/or assess what was intended? (goals/aims/objectives/KPIs?)
• May be to describe what was unintended?• What was actually implemented?• What outcomes/results where achieved?• What are the implications of the findings?
(actions/recommendations?)
• To answer three basic questions:
WHAT? SO WHAT? NOW WHAT?
Adopted from: Patton (2008)
Interaction of health promotion programme outcomes
Adopted from: Nutbeam & Bauman (2006)
Health status & disease changes
Social & behavioural outcomes
Short-term programme impact
Raised awareness and participation
Health promotion evaluation stages
FINAL OUTCOME EVALUATIONHas there been changes in health or
perceived health?Has there been long-term changes in
behaviour/attitude?
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME EVALUATIONWhat proportion of the target group have heard of the health promotion activities?
Has there been a change in behaviour, for example more people exercising?
PROCESS EVALUATIONIs the programme reaching the target
group?Are the participants satisfied with the
programme?
Adopted from: Davies & Macdowall (2006)
Health promotion actions
EDUCATIONExamples include patient
education, school education and broadcast media communication.
SOCIAL MOBILISATIONExamples include
community development, group
facilitation and technical advice.
ADVOCACYExamples include lobbying, political
organisation and activism and overcoming
bureaucratic inertia.
Health promotion outcomes
(outcomes of the process of intervention)
HEALTH LITERACYMeasures include health-
knowledge, attitude, motivation, behavioural
intentions, personal skills and self efficacy.
SOCIAL ACTION & INFLUENCE
Measures include community participation,
community empowerment, social
norms and public opinion.
HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY & ORGANISATIONAL
PRACTICEMeasures include policy statements, legislation,
regulation and resource allocation and
organisational practices.
Intermediate health outcomes (programme impact or short-term outcomes)
HEALTHY LIFESTYLESMeasures include
tobacco use, physical activity, food choices, alcohol and illicit drug
use.
EFFECTIVE PREVENTATIVE HEALTH
SERVICEMeasures include access
to and provision of relevant and preventative
services.
HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS
Measures include safe physical environment, supportive economic and social conditions,
suitable food supply and restricted access to
alcohol/tobacco.
Social health outcomes
(long-term outcomes)
SOCIAL OUTCOMES
Measures include quality of life,
functional independence, social capacity and equity.
HEALTH OUTCOMES
Measures include increased morbidity,
reduced disability and avoidable mortality.
Adopted from: Nutbeam & Bauman (2006)
Review
• Evaluation has simple principles: “What”, “So What” and “Now What”.
• Health programmes should be evaluated across the spectrum of it’s activities
• This will require different time-points of inquiry and different types of evaluative procedures (process, intermediate and final outcomes).
• Concentrating just of the final outcomes will mean a narrow focus, and will most likely divulge programme ‘failure’.
• Concentrating on evaluation at the start and throughout can inform progress, change and evolve the programme creating final outcomes of value.
References
• Nutbeam, D., Bauman, A. (2006) Evaluation in a Nutshell: A practical guide to the evaluation of health promotion programmes. McGraw Hill: New York, USA.
• Davies, M., Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory: Understanding Public Health. Open University Press: Maidenhead, UK.
• Patton, M. (2008) Utilisation-focused Evaluation. SAGE: London, UK.
Geoff Middleton, MSc, RNutSchool of Sport, Coaching and Exercise ScienceUniversity of LincolnSports Centre: 1st Floor officesBrayford CampusLincolnLincolnshireLN6 7TSTel: 01522 837308Email: [email protected]
Contact details