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Evalua&on of a Bermudagrass Core Collec&on
William Anderson, Freddie Cheek USDA/ARS – Ti:on, GA
July 18, 2016
IntroducGon
• Bermudagrass is the primary perennial forage grass for Southeastern United States.
• GeneGc improvement has been done for yield and quality traits (Coastal to Ti:on 85).
• Primarily vegetaGvely propagated by ‘sprigs’.
• USDA/ARS Ti:on, GA maintains largest domesGc geneGc nursery (~ 600 lines) for conGnued breeding.
IntroducGon
• Core collecGon developed of 175 entries.
IntroducGon
In vitro Dry Ma7er Diges&bility (IVDMD), NDF, ADF, ADL – Develop NIRS calibra&ons for further use (RRC)
AFLP analysis of a core collec&ons
ObjecGves
• Pre-‐breeding: Select potenGal parents for crossing for the following traits: – Cold tolerance – Nitrogen use efficiency – Shade tolerance – Resistance to Bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM)
Materials and Methods
• Used all or porGon of 175 accession core collecGon for each trial
• Randomized complete block design
• Cold tolerance trial in northern GA (mountains)
• All others in Ti:on, GA (southern GA) • RaGng scale and yield of plots
Materials and Methods
• Nitrogen Use Efficiency • 50 entries • Two N levels (50 kg ha-‐1 or
200 kg ha-‐1 equivalent N) • Harvested five Gmes in 2011
and four Gmes in 2012
• Cold tolerance • North Georgia ( Avg # freeze
nights over 50) -‐ 173 entries • Harvested 0.3 m2 once in
June of 2008 and 2009
Materials and Methods
• Shade tolerance • 173 entries • 50% shading vs. full sun • Harvested four Gmes in 2008 and three Gmes in 2009
• Mul&ple loca&on trial • Field evaluaGon in GA, FL (2)
OK (2) -‐ 300 entries • BSM, emergence and disease
• Harvested 5 Gmes/year – 2014
Results – Cold Tolerance
Entry/PI Species Emergence Ra&ng Yield Leaf/stem Percent
2008 2009 2Y Avg coarseness IVDMD Seed set
TiSon79-‐16 3.3 3.3 8939 Fine 56.1 2
293606 C. dactylon 2.7 3.7 7999 Fine 56.5 15
206553 C. dactylon 3.7 3.3 7271 Fine 54.4 14
225809 C.species 1.7 2 7136 Fine 54.9 27
291575 C. bradleyi 2 2.3 7135 Fine 54.0 47
292544 C. dactylon 3.7 3.3 6964 Fine 56.2 0
TiSon 44 3.2 5 6236 Medium 57.1 0
Coastal 2.6 3.7 5388 Medium 61.3 4
Results – Shade tolerance
Entry Rank 2008 Rank 2009 Avg rank Coffee 210 6 13 9.5 African Star 8 7 7.5 African Star2 13 3 8
PI 291164 26 6 16 Breeding L D8 40 2 21
Cross 78-‐9 21 32 26.5 PI 203456 32 12 22
Alicia 58 1 29.5 PI 289750 44 9 26.5
Coastal 149 88 118.5 T 85 140 112 126
Rank based on yield under shade condi&ons
Results – BSM and Yield
Entry Yield TiSon 2015 Mg/ha
BSM ra&ng 3 loca&ons 1-‐10
PI 225956 6.96 0 PI 290664 9.52 1.8 PI 290872 8.70 2.3 PI 290901 9.39 2.8 PI 294467 8.56 3.0 PI 316510 9.59 4.8
Jiggs 8.43 8.1 T 85 10.55 5.5
Not Sprayed
Sprayed
Conclusions
• Large geneGc variaGon within accessions of Cynodon sp for most traits of interest.
• Accessions have and will be used to develop superior culGvars for Southern U.S.
Entry Trait of importance Stem/leaf characteris&cs Plant height (cm)
PI 289917 Cold tolerance Medium/moderate 30 PI 290660 Cold tolerance/NUE Fine/moderate 33 PI 291724 Cold tolerance Fine/long 47 Florakirk Shade tolerance Coarse/long 74 African Star Shade tolerance Fine/short 34 Cross D8 Shade tolerance Fine/moderate 28 PI 288217 Nitrogen use efficiency Fine/long 46 Cross 77-‐59 Nitrogen use efficiency Coarse/long 58 PI 290664 BSM tolerance Coarse/moderate 56
Bill Anderson [email protected] phone 229.386.3170 hmp://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=424212
