EV-Grid Integration and V2G technology for CN2050

© 2021 - Kijun Park

EV-Grid Integration and V2G technology for CN2050(1st V2G project utilizing CCS Type 1 plug)

Kijun Park ([email protected])

Korea Electric Power Research Institute

KEPCO

mailto:[email protected]

CONTENTS

2

KEPCO in Brief

3

KEPCO in BRIEF

KEPCO in Brief

4

Dominant player in Korea

Note: As of end of 2020; Applied USD/KRW FX rate of 1,088.0; ¹ Electric power generation for 2020: 70.5% or 373,813GWh by 6 GENCOs, and 29.5% or 156,122GWh by IPPs; ² Others include

major subsidiaries and affiliates of KEPCO other than 6 GENCOs

KEPCO in Brief

5

EVCI Market Outlook

6

CO2 Emission : Petroleum vs. Electric (USA case)

Source: http://carboncounter.com/ (Accessed on Oct. 20 2021)

http://carboncounter.com/

EVCI Market Outlook

7

The 4th Environmental Vehicle Basic Plan (2021~2025) (23 Feb 2021)

• (Electric Vehicles) Car(Taxi) (930k) + Bus(11k)+ Truck (193k) EV 1.13 M

• (Charge Infra) DCFC at Highway center (17k) , AC L2 at Workplace and Residential (500k)

• (Incentives) Corporate K-EV100, 100% EV for Government Agencies and subsidiaries

National Plan for EV and Charging-infra

EVCI Market Outlook

8

New EV Models – 2021 and 2020

Source: http://www.danawa.com

http://www.danawa.com/

EVCI Market Outlook

9

Source: 자동차등록현황보고 (Total Registered Motor Vehicles) http://stat.molit.go.kr/

Electric Vehicles

EVs : 5,712 (Dec., 2015) 201,520 (Sept., 2021) > 210,000 (Dec., 2021)

100,000 200,000 in 18 months, CAGR: > 80%

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

-

50

100

150

200

01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11 01 03 05 07 09 11

http://stat.molit.go.kr/

EVCI Market Outlook

10

1st Gen.

(2010)

2nd Gen.

(2011)

3rd Gen.

(2012)

4th Gen.

(2016~)

AC L2

DCFC

6th Gen.

(2021~)

History of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

5th Gen.

(2018~)

DC Combo (CCS type 1) (3-plug types)Chademo & J1772

EVCI Market Outlook

11

Source: https://ev.or.kr, https://evc.kepco.co.kr (KEPCO-Plug), http://keco.or.kr

(June 2021)(Mar. 2017) (Mar. 2018) (Oct. 2019) (Aug. 2020)

2143 73965213 9805 12,789

Growth of Public EV Chargers

EVSEs: 72,105 (DCFC: 12,789; AC L2: 59,316, as of June, 2021)

- KEPCO EVSE : 9,747 Units (DCFC: 3,919; AC: 5,828) at 4,040 Stations

EVs : 201,520 (Sept., 2021)

https://ev.or.kr/

https://evc.kepco.co.kr/

http://keco.or.kr/

EVCI Market Outlook

12

75+ kWh class batteries (IONIQ 5, EV6, Tesla M-3, Mach-e, etc.)

Driving range of ~600 km/charge by 2025

Source: EV manufactures, KEPRI estimation

EV Driving Range Outlook (Sept., 2021)

VGI-V2G for Flexibility

Famous Duck Curve is already Realized!

© 2016 - 박기준, KIJUN PARK

CAISO Actual(March 31, 2012~2019)

Source: CASIO

CAISO Projection(2013)

13


14

The 9th Basic Plan for Power Supply (28 Dec, 2020)

2030, Renewable(PV, Wind) capacity Exceed 50% of peak demand

Require effective balancing resources to compensate Uncontrollable fluctuations of Renewables

(New Flexibility) V2G – EV Battery as a reserve (4.85 M EVs in 2034)

(Fluctuation measures) PH (1.8 GW), ESS (0.97 GW), Fast response resources – Fast-ESS, Sync. Compensator, Fast-DR

(2020) 20.1 GW(15.8%)

PV+Wind : ~15.7 GW

(2030) 58.0 GW(33.8%)

PV+Wind : 51.2 GW

(2034) 77.8 GW(40.9%)

PV+Wind : 70.5 GW

(2022) 29.4 GW(20.6%)

(2020년)

(2034년)

Peak Demand: 90.6 GW (17.3%) IInst. Capacity 127.8 GW (12.3%)

Peak Demand: 102.5 GW (68.8%)Inst. Capacity: 193.0 GW (36.5%)

RenewablesRenewables

Coal

Nucl.

Coal

Nucl.

Etc.

Etc.


Balancing of Fluctuating Renewables with EV (V2G)

15


16

AC/L2 Chargers of current deployment : Dumb supply of electricity and transaction function

Communication & control Smart Charging (V1G) and bi-directional power transfer (V2G)

(Fast & Flexible DR Resource)

EV Charging method

Dumb Charger Smart Charge (V1G) Bi-directional (V2G) – Fast DR


17

Battery Life vs. Depth of Discharge and Charge/Discharge-rate

10% of 72 kWh battery 6 kW x 1.2 Hour (At ~0.1C)

10 years x 365 days/yr. x (5/7) 2,607 discharges (~1% of Battery wear)

Battery Life vs. Depth of Discharge Battery Life vs. Charge/Discharge-rate

Source: SAFT, KEPRI

(~600,000 km)


18

Source: ford.com, Hyundai.com, KIA.com, genesis.com

V2L – A standard feature for new EVs

Source: ford.com, Hyundai.com, KIA.com, genesis.com

HYUNDAI IONIQ 5 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)

KIA EV6 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)

GENESIS Electrified G80 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)

GENESIS GV60 : 3.6 kW (220 V, 16 A)

FORD F-150 Lightning : 9.6 kW (120/240 V, 80 A)

GV60

IONIQ5 F-150

F-150EV6


19

VGI - V2G system

Driver charge NeedsMin. Battery degrade Grid & Price Signal

Controlled Charge & Discharge

Flexible-DR Resource(RE Fluctuation, Peak demand)

V2G OBC

CCM

USER App

V2G Control

CCM

MeteringGRID

EVCI Service Platform

V2G ControlSystem

ISO / DSO / DR System Driver Needs

V2G OBC

V2G Manage Sys.(Forecast, Control, Monetize)

V2G EVSE(Comm., Metering)

V2G EV & Driver(Departure time, Target SoC)

Source: KEPRI

IEC63110, OCPP2.0.1OpenADR2.0, IEEE2030, KCMVP

ISO/IEC15118, IEC61851, SAE J1772IEEE1547, EV Tech Standards,

DER interconnection Standards


20

EVCI Platform: EVs as a Grid Flexibility service

EVCI Service Platform

V2G EV of 10 kW x 200,000(< 1% of vehicles)

2 GW of Very Flexible Grid resource


21

Economics of Flexibility Resources

Category LNG Peaker Pumped Hydro BESS (Li) VGI (V2G) HVDC (VSC)

Unit Capacity 85~838 MW 200~400 MW 0.1~4 MW 20~7 kW >100 MW

Geo. Location

Occupied Area (m2/MW) ~132 1,109 25 1,785 (Parking Lot) 250 (Power Stn.)

Environmental

Construction Time 1~2 years >7 years >6 Mo. <1 Mo. >5 years

Const. Cost* (M-KRW/MW) 924 934 870 (1-hr)186

(~1.3M/Charger)3,000

Const. Cost* (M-KRW/MWh) - 116.7 470 - -

Operating Exp. (KRW/kW/year) 43,476 12,500(~10 Bill krw/site)

- - (>1 Bill krw/year)

T&D Class 154kV, 345kV 345kV 22.9kV / 154 kV 220V, 380V 154kV, 345kV

Ramp rate (MW/min) 12~88 100~200 >MW/ms ~ kW/sec. (per EV) >MW/ms

RT Efficiency 50~64% 72~81% >81% >85% ~98%

Fuel cost (krw/kWh) 92 SMP** SMP** EV Charge rate SMP**

Gen./Dischg. Cost (KRW/kWh)130

(160~99.3)

144.5(204~106)

- - -

Source GE YECHEON PH. KEPCO KEPRI JEJU #2 (200MW)

* Excluding T&D and LNG terminal investment ** SMP-System Marginal Price (1M-KRW ~ US$870)

KEPCO V2G Project

22

V1G Smart Charging Demonstration (Aug., 2020~Mar., 2022)

Objectives : Testing of Smart Charging control system, Effectiveness of DR operation

Period : Aug., 2020 ~ February, 2022 (12 Months++)

Scale : V1G EVSE: 100 units, EV 135 (Commercial: 61 (8 branches), Individuals: 64)

Contents : VGI Control System, User APP, V1G EVSE, KEPCO 3.0 Protocol

KEPCO V2G Project

23

V2G Demonstration (Nov., 2021~ Oct., 2022)

E V : Hyundai IONIQ 5, 100 units (V2G Function Modification)

EVSE : AC V2G EVSE (ULVAC), DC V2G EVSE (Signet EV) 100 Units

- AC V2G EVSE : Charge 7kW / Discharge 5kW - Individual Customers

- DC V2G EVSE : Charge 20kW / Discharge 20kW - Commercial or Buildings

V2G Control System: KEPRI K-VGI System (KEPCO 3.0 & ISO15118/Draft protocol)

Hyundai IONIQ 5 (Modify) AC V2G EVSE DC V2G EVSE

or

K-VGI Control System User App

24

감사합니다

Thank you

© 2021 - 박기준, Kijun Park

Documents

EV-Grid Integration and V2G technology for CN2050