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Eutectic HighEntropy Alloys (EHEAs) Adrianna Lozinko & Sheng Guo Industrial and Materials Science (IMS) Department Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Email: [email protected] DTU, Aug 28, 2017

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Eutectic High‐Entropy Alloys (EHEAs)

Adrianna Lozinko & Sheng Guo

Industrial and Materials Science (IMS) DepartmentChalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

E‐mail: [email protected]

DTU, Aug 28, 2017

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outline

A brief introduction to HEAs Some issues with cast HEAs Eutectic HEAs Conclusions

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HEAs: new strategy for alloy design

Traditional alloys have only 1 (steels, Al alloys, Cu alloys, etc.) or 2 principal elements (NiAl, FeAl, etc.)

High‐entropy alloys have at least 5 (4?) principalmetallic elements, and have equal or close‐to‐equal compositions

Example, Al‐Co‐Cr‐Cu‐Fe‐Ni systemEquimole: AlCoCrCuFeNi Non‐equimole: AlCo0.5CrCuFe1.5Ni1.2Minor element addition: AlCo0.5CrCuFe1.5Ni1.2B0.1C0.15

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why are they called high‐entropy alloys?

1ln

N

i ii

R c c

they have high configuration entropy

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It is more convenient to define HEAs by the magnitude of configuration entropy in the hightemperature (ideal or regular solution) state: ∆Smix > 1.5R

(Miracle et al., Entropy, 2014)

what we talk about when we talk about high‐entropy alloys

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why high entropy?high‐entropy stabilizes the formation of solid solution phases

△Gmix =△Hmix ‐T△Smix

single phase solid solutionco‐existence of two solid solution phases

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(Murty, Yeh and Ranganathon, High 

Entropy Alloys, Elsevier, 2014)

in the middle

why bother?high‐entropy alloys open up vast unexplored compositional space

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era of high‐entropy alloys?

(Adv.Eng.Mater, 2004)

(Yeh, et al., Mater Chem Phys, 2007)

N=1

N=2

N=3

N=4

N=5

N=6

N=7

Highly concentrated solid solutions

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potential of HEAs as structural materials

Very high hardness can be achieved

(after 1000 oc/12h)

(Yeh, et al., Adv Eng Mater, 2004)

AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5

y=2.26GPa

f=3.14GPa

p=23.3%

(Zhou et al., APL, 2007)

Disordered bcc solid solution was reserved after annealing at 1400 oc for 19h

(Senkov, et al., Intermetallics, 2011)

460 MPa@1600 oCbetter than superalloys

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(Gludovatz et al., Science, 2014)

CoCrFeMnNi

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some “hot areas” in HEAs (my personal perception)

phase selection and phase stability in concentrated multi‐component alloys

strength‐ductility trade offradiation resistancerefractory HEAsnew functionality(superconductivity,thermoelectricity, etc.)

(Li et al., Nature, 2016)

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ductile and oxidation resistant refractory high entropy alloys: single bcc solid solution

interested block

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some issue with cast HEAs Porosity, particular for large ingots Inhomogeneity/Segregation Conflict between strength/ductility

(Tong et al., Metall Mater Trans A, 2005)

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why eutectic alloys? highly stable microstructures that do not revert, or coarsen, easily at elevated temperatures;

high thermodynamic stability and kinetic resistance to thermaldegradation;

development of low‐energy lamellar and rod‐form boundary structures;

high strengths and creep resistance because their microstructures act as natural  ‘in situ’ composite materials; 

better castability (less porosity) better compositional homogeneity(less segregation)

Inspirations: Eutectics with high‐melting points have formed the basis for a number of interesting candidate high‐temperature alloys for application to the high temperature components of gas turbine engines. 

(Glicksman, Principle of Solidification, 2011)

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eutectic high‐entropy alloysan example: AlCoCrFeNi2.1

~ 2.5 kg of homogenous and almost casting defects free large ingots 

(Lu et al., Sci Rep, 2014)

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eutectic high‐entropy alloys

soft fcc/ hard NiAl‐like B2 eutetic microstructuremelting temperature ~ 1350 oC (NiAl: 1674 oC) density of ~ 7.4 g/cm3 (NiAl: 6 g/cm3)

(Lu et al., Sci Rep, 2014)

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RT                                            ‐70 oC                                      ‐196 oC

(Lu et al., Acta Mater, 2016)

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AlCoCrFeNi2.1 after tensile testing to fracture

no phase transformation till fracture

a large number of dislocations seen in the L12phase, but not in the B2 phase 

(Lu et al., Acta Mater, 2016)

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In‐situ synchrotron x‐ray diffraction

no phase transformation during tensile deformation deformation behavior resembles that of fcc alloys (limited role of B2 ) {200} and {311} planes show lowest elastic modulus and sustain larger lattice 

strain

(Lu et al., Acta Mater, 2016)

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eutectic high‐entropy alloys: dual‐phase (soft/hard) solid solutions

(Wani et al., Mater Res Lett, 2016)

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(Wani et al., Mater Sci Eng A, 2016)

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Summary High‐entropy alloys are highly concentrated, multi‐component 

alloys (the name is a bit controversial, but a name is just a name) New materials  new properties (high‐temperature/cryogenic temperature, etc.) & new applications  Structural or functional properties?  Eutectic high‐entropy alloys could become interesting 

engineering materials, if they can be further optimized 

understanding deformation mechanism helps alloy design

Every material

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Thanks for your attention!Sheng Guo

Industrial and Materials Science DepartmentChalmers University of Technology

Gothenburg, SwedenE‐mail: [email protected]