Eurostat regional yearbook 2014.PDF

8/10/2019 Eurostat regional yearbook 2014.PDF

1/20

Health


2/20

2

54 Eurostat regional yearboo k 2014

Health

IntroductionHealth is an issue o paramount importance quite literally

a matter o lie and death. Tis chapter presents recent healthstatistics or the regions o the European Union (EU). Itprovides inormation on some o the most common causeso death, notably diseases o the circulatory and respiratorysystems and cancer. It also presents statistics on healthcareservices, with an analysis o the number o hospital bedsand the number o physicians.

Health is an important priority or Europeans, who expectto be protected against illness and accident and to receiveappropriate healthcare services. Te competence or theorganisation and delivery o healthcare services is largelyheld by the individual EU Member States. For the EU asa whole, health issues cut across a range o topics thesegenerally al l under the remit o the European CommissionsDirectorate-General or Health and Consumers and theDirectorate-General or Employment, Social Affairs andInclusion.

EU actions on health are concentrated on protecting peoplerom health threats and disease (flu or other epidemics),consumer protection (ood saety issues), promotingliestyle choices (fitness and healthy eating), workplace

saety, and helping national authorities cooperate. TeEuropean Commission works with EU Member Statesusing an open method o coordination or health issues, avoluntary process based on agreeing common objectivesand measuring progress towards these goals.

Health determinants include, among others: access toand the availability o healthcare services; an individualsliestyle, behaviour and genetics; or social, economicand environmental actors. Tese determinants extendwell beyond the boundaries o public healthcare systems,and the ocus o health policy is increasingly linked toaspects such as improving education and awareness

or environmental protection, which can be linked to apopulations well-being and health status.

i MEASURING THE HEALTH STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR A POPULATION

The health status of an individual can be measured by a physician, who looks for life-threatening illness, risk factorsfor premature death (for example, the patient is overweight or a heavy smoker), as well as the severity of any disease

in order to assess the patients overall health. An individuals health status can also be assessed by asking them about

how they perceive their own health, for example, their emotional well-being or whether or not they suffer from painor discomfort.

Measures to determine the health status of an entire population are more difficult to determine this is generallydone by aggregating information collected on individuals. In the absence of comprehensive or absolute measures,

average life expectancy, morbidity and mortality measures, the prevalence of preventable diseases, and availabilityof healthcare services are often used as proxies. Judgments regarding the health status of a particular populationare usually made by comparing one population to another, or by studying the development of a particular health

indicator / ratio over time.

Te EUs health strategy is closely aligned with the Europe2020strategy, as it aims to oster health as an indispensable

condition or smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.Health inequalities may be seen as a waste o potentialhuman capital. Investing in health can potentially reducethese inequalities, thereby keeping a higher proportiono the population active or longer; changes such as theseare likely to have a positive impact on productivity andcompetitiveness, while the gradual ageing o Europespopulation means that there will probably be an increasingneed or qualified workers to provide the EUs healthcareservices.

Te first programme or Community action in the fieldo public health covered the period rom 200308. On

23 October 2007, the European Commission released aWhite Paper titled ogether or health: a strategic approachor the EU 2008-2013 (COM(2007) 630). Tis secondprogramme set out a health strategy designed to conrontsome o the most common healthcare challenges aced bythe EU Member States, or example, population ageing,cross-border health threats, or illnesses linked to unhealthyliestyles. Regulation 282/2014 o the European Parliamentand o the Council o 14 March 2014 on the establishmento a third Programme or the Unions action in the field o
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:European_Union_(EU)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Cause_of_deathhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Cause_of_deathhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Healthcarehttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Hospital_bedhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Physicianhttp://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/social/home.jsp?langId=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/social/home.jsp?langId=enhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_2020_Strategyhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_2020_Strategyhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007DC0630:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007DC0630:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007DC0630:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52007DC0630:EN:NOThttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_2020_Strategyhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_2020_Strategyhttp://ec.europa.eu/social/home.jsp?langId=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/social/home.jsp?langId=enhttp://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/index_en.htmhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Physicianhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Hospital_bedhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Healthcarehttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Cause_of_deathhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Cause_of_deathhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:European_Union_(EU)


3/20

Health 2

55Eurostat regional yearb ook 2014

i HEALTH COHESION POLICY FUNDING

Policy initiatives in the health domain have recently focused on the relationship between health issues, competitiveness

and economic growth. If populations live longer and healthier lives this should benefit not only the individualsconcerned but also result in a higher proportion of the population being able to remain active within society forlonger, while putting less strain on healthcare systems. As such, health has been recognised as an important asset for

regional development and has become eligible for regional co hesion funding.

Indeed, regional funding through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) over the period 200713 allocated

around EUR 5 billion to health infrastructure projects, while the European Social Fund (ESF) provided investment forinitiatives linked to active ageing, e-health, health promotion and training. These investments by the ERDF and ESF onhealth-related expenditure represented approximately 1.5 % of the EUs total cohesion fund budget during the period

200713.

For more information:

Cohesion policy and health: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/activity/health/index_en.cfm

health (2014-2020)emphasises the link between health andeconomic prosperity, as the health o individuals directlyinfluences economic outcomes such as productivity,labour supply and human capital. Te programme oresees

expenditure o almost EUR 450 million over the seven-year period in the orm o grants and public procurementcontracts. It will ocus on:

the challenging demographic context that is threateningthe sustainability o healthcare systems;

the increasing health inequalities between EU MemberStates;

the prevalence o chronic diseases; and the ragile economic recovery that is limiting the

resources available or investment in healthcare.

Te EUs third health programme aims to:

make healthcare services more sustainable and encourageinnovation in health;

improve public health, preventing disease and osteringsupportive environments or healthy liestyles; protect citizens rom cross-border health threats (such as

flu epidemics); contribute to innovative, efficient and sustainable

healthcare systems; acilitate access to better and saer healthcare or EU

citizens.

Tis third programme or health in the EU is complementedby research ramework programmes (or example,supporting initiatives in areas such as biotechnology), orcohesion unds (or example, supporting investment in

healthcare inrastructure, e-health services, or initiatives topromote active ageing).

Main statistical findingsTe lie expectancy o women at birth was 83.1 years in

the EU-28in 2012, while that or men was 5.6 years lowerat 77.5 years. While lie expectancy continues to rise andmay, at least in part, explain the demographic shif inthe structure o the EUs population, policy attention hasincreasingly turned to the quality o lie. Healthy lie yearsprovide a measure o the number o years that a person maybe expected to live in a healthy condition (defined by theabsence o limitations in unctioning / disability). At birth,a woman born in 2012 could be expected to live 61.9 yearsree rom any disability, while the corresponding value ormen was only 0.6 years lower.

Causes of death

A total o 5.0 million people died in the EU-28 in 2012,which equates to a crude death rate o 9.9 deaths perthousand inhabitants. Statistics on causes o death provideinormation on mortality patterns and provide public healthinormation. As most causes o death vary significantly withpeoples age and sex, the use o standardised death ratesimproves comparability over time and between countries,measuring death rates independently o different agestructures. At the regional level, standardised death ratesare computed in the orm o three-year averages; in thispublication the latest data cover the period 200810. Tesestatistics reer to the underlying disease or injury whichinitiated the train o morbid events leading directly to death,or the circumstances o an accident or an act o violence

which produced a atal injury; they are classified accordingto a standardised list o 86 different causes o death.
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/activity/health/index_en.cfmhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU-27http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Standardised_death_rate_(SDR)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Standardised_death_rate_(SDR)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU-27http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0282&qid=1396534861986http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/activity/health/index_en.cfm


4/20

2


Health

Almost 40 % of deaths in the EU-28 are attributed to

diseases of the circulatory system

Te most common cause o death in the EU-28 in 2010

was diseases o the circulatory system (1.9 million deaths,or 39.2 % o the total). Tere were 1.3 million deaths in theEU-28 caused by cancer (malignant neoplasms) in 2010,which equated to just over one quarter (25.9 %) o the total,while the third most prevalent cause o death was diseases othe respiratory system (373 thousand or 7.6 % o the total).

There was an increase of 7.2 % in deaths from cancer overthe period 200010

Te number o deaths rom diseases o the circulatorysystem in the EU-28 ell by 9.7 % between 2000 and 2010 andas a result their relative share in the total number o deathsell by 4.5 percentage points rom 43.8 % o the total in 2000.During the most recent decade or which data are availablethere was also a all in the overall number o deaths romdiseases o the respiratory system (down 5.8 %). By contrast,the number o deaths in the EU-28 caused by cancer rose by7.2 % between 2000 and 2010.

While their weight in the overall number o deaths in theEU-28 was quite small, the most rapid increase in numberso deaths between 2000 and 2010 was recorded or diseaseso the nervous system and the sense organs (+64.3 %) andor mental and behavioural disorders (+51.3 %). Te biggestall was registered or transport accidents, down 41.9 %between 2000 and 2010. ransport accidents also accountedor a relatively low share o the total number o deaths inthe EU-28, some 0.7 % o the total in 2010 (or 35.5 thousanddeaths).

Diseases of the circulatory system

Diseases o the circulatory system include cerebrovasculardiseases, ischaemic heart diseases and other heart diseases.Diet is thought to play an important role in determining thedeath rates rom diseases o the circulatory system, whichtend to be higher in regions where people consume a largeamount o saturated ats, dairy products and red meat.

Te standardised death rate rom diseases o the circulatorysystem in the EU-28 was 432.3 per 100 000 inhabitantsduring the period 200810, the rate or men (507.7) wasjust over 35 % higher than that recorded or women (372.2),confirming a pattern o higher mortality rates beingrecorded or men (compared with those or women) acrossalmost all causes o death.

More than two thirds of deaths in Bulgaria are attributed

to diseases of the circulatory system

Map 2.1 shows that among the EU Member States, the

highest standardised death rates rom diseases o thecirculatory system were ofen recorded in those MemberStates that joined the EU in 2004 or later (other than theMediterranean islands o Cyprus and Malta); this wasparticularly true or Bulgaria and Romania. Indeed, morethan two thirds o the deaths in Bulgaria during the period200810 could be attributed to diseases o the circulatorysystem, while the corresponding share or Romania was alsoclose to two thirds.

Six NUS 2 regions rom each o Bulgaria and Romaniarecorded standardised death rates or diseases o thecirculatory system in excess o 1 000 per 100 000 inhabitants

during the period 200810. Te highest death rates wererecorded in the three Bulgarian regions o Severozapaden(1 311 per 100 000 inhabitants), Yugoiztochen (1 267) andSeveren tsentralen (1 220); Severozapaden was the onlyregion where the death rate rom diseases o the circulatorysystem was more than three times as high as the EU-28average.

Outside o the Member States that joined the EU in 2004or more recently, the highest standardised deaths ratesrom diseases o the circulatory system were recorded or:the Greek regions o Anatoliki Makedonia, Traki (593 per100 000 inhabitants), Tessalia (565) and Dytiki Makedonia(552); the eastern German regions o Sachsen-Anhalt(560) and Brandenburg (528); and the Portuguese RegioAutnoma dos Aores (556). Te ormer Yugoslav Republico Macedonia (which is covered by a single region at thislevel o detail) also recorded a very high standardised deathrate rom diseases o the circulatory system (1 128).

France and Spain recorded the lowest death rates from

circulatory diseases

A range o studies suggest that there may be beneficialeffects rom a Mediterranean diet (particularly olive oil) andmoderate red wine consumption (particularly with meals),and that these two actors could, at least in part, explain thegenerally low death rates rom circulatory diseases in manyregion in southern Europe.

Around 27 % o all the deaths that occurred in France in200810 resulted rom diseases o the circulatory system,while relatively low shares (3035 %) were also recorded inPortugal, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and the UnitedKingdom. At a regional level, the lowest standardised deathrates rom diseases o the circulatory system during theperiod 200810 were systematically recorded across Franceand Spain; indeed, the 34 NUS 2 regions in the EU-28 withthe lowest death rates rom circulatory diseases were romthese two countries.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_enlargementshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_enlargementshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_enlargementshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:EU_enlargements


5/20

Health 2


Map 2.1: Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)

(1) Liechtenstein: 2010. Denmark and Iceland: 200709. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level.

Source: Eurostat (online data codes: hlth_cd_ysdr1and hlth_cd_asdr)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_asdr&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_asdr&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=EN


6/20

2


Health

Close proximity to a hospital may be a determining factor

for surviving a heart attack or stroke

Another actor that may well explain regional patterns

o death rates or diseases o the circulatory system is thespeed with which hospital treatment can be made available in other words, issues linked to access and availability oservices or those suffering a heart attack or a stroke. Telowest death rates rom diseases o the circulatory system inFrance and Spain were registered in the two capital regionso le de France and the Comunidad de Madrid; both othese regions are densely populated, and patients in needo medical assistance could expect to travel relatively shortdistances to receive medical attention.

Tis pattern o lower death rates or capital regions couldbe observed across most o the EU Member States, as

shown in Figure 2.1. Te exceptions were the Austrianand Portuguese capital regions o Wien and Lisboa whichwere the only capital regions within the EU-28 to recordstandardised death rates or diseases o the circulatorysystem that were higher than their respective nationalaverages; a similar situation was observed in Switzerland.

Te lowest standardised death rates rom diseases o thecirculatory system during the period 200810 were recordedin the three French regions o le de France (194.4 per100 000 inhabitants), Provence-Alpes-Cte dAzur (whichcontains Marseille, 216.0) and Rhne-Alpes (which containsLyon, 223.3).

Figure 2.1: Regional disparities in deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

Bulgaria

Romania

Latvia

Slovakia

Estonia

Hungary

Croatia

CzechRepublic

Poland

Lithuania

Greece

Slovenia

Germany

Austria

Finland

Malta

Cyprus

Sweden

Ireland

Luxembourg

Portugal

Italy

Denmark

UnitedKingdom

Belgium

Netherlands

Spain

France

FYRofMacedonia

Liechtenstein

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

Capital region

National average

Other NUTS regions

(1) The light purple shaded bar shows the range of the highest to lowest region for each country. The dark green bar shows the national average. The green circle shows the capital cityregion. The dark purple circles show the other regions. Liechtenstein: 2010. Denmark and Iceland: 200709. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level.Chemnitz (DED4), Leipzig (DED5), Emilia-Romagna (ITH5), Marche (ITI3), Lancashire (UKD4) and Cheshire (UKD6): not available.


SPOTLIGHT ON THE REGIONS:

LE DE FRANCE FR10, FRANCE

Piti-Salptrire hospital, Paris

The capital region of France was the EU-28 region withthe lowest death rate from diseases of the circulatory

system: 194.4 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in200810. While death rates from diseases of thecirculatory system were systematically lower than

the EU-28 average (432.3) across all French regions,an inhabitant of the Nord - Pas-de-Calais was 1.5 times

as likely to die from a disease of the circulatory systemas someone living in Paris.

Photo: Magnus Manske


7/20

Health 2


Men were more than twice as likely as women to die from

diseases of the circulatory system in Lithuania

Lithuania (one region at this level o detail) was the only

NUS 2 region to record a standardised death rate ordiseases o the circulatory system among men that was atleast twice as high as that or women (1 048.7 per 100 000inhabitants compared with 479.4). Tere were generallywide disparities between the sexes in the other two BalticMember States, as well as in many regions o Finland andFrance, where male death rates were generally 1.51.7 timesas high as those or women.

By contrast, the differences in death rates between the sexeswere relatively low in most German, Greek and Portugueseregions, as well as in Croatia (only national data available).Standardised death rates rom diseases o the circulatory

system were marginally higher or women in just fiveNUS 2 regions across the whole o the EU-28 in 200810;all o these were located in Greece Sterea Ellada, DytikiEllada, Kriti, Ionia Nisia and Tessalia.

Diseases of the respiratory system

Respiratory diseases include inectious acute respiratorydiseases (such as influenza and pneumonia) and chroniclower respiratory diseases (such as bronchitis and asthma).Diseases o the respiratory system mainly affect olderpeople, as almost 90 % o EU-28 deaths rom these diseasesoccur among those aged 65 and above.

Map 2.2 shows the standardised death rate or diseases othe respiratory system across Europe; the average deathrate rom these diseases in the EU-28 was 85.3 deathsper 100 000 inhabitants during the period 200810, withthe rate or men (121.4) almost double that recorded orwomen (63.3). Relatively high death rates rom diseases othe respiratory system may be linked to a range o actors,including: historical working conditions (especially ormen, as the economies o many o the regions with highrates used to be based on coal mining, iron and steel andother heavy industries) or differences in public healthcampaigns (or example, the proportion o elderly personswho are vaccinated against influenza or the proportion othe population who choose to smoke).

Respiratory diseases accounted for a high proportion of

deaths in the Portuguese island regions of Madeira andthe Azores

O the 13 NUS 2 regions in the EU-28 that recorded astandardised death rate rom diseases o the respiratorysystem o at least 150 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in200810 there were two Portuguese regions the volcanicisland chains o the Aores and Madeira and 11 regionsrom the ormer industrial heartlands in the centre andnorth o the United Kingdom. By ar the highest death ratewas reported in the Regio Autnoma da Madeira (294.6deaths per 100 000 inhabitants), ollowed by the RegioAutnoma dos Aores (195.8); in both o these regions therewere particularly high levels o pneumonia, chronic andacute bronchitis.

while the opposite was true at the other end of the EU inthe Baltic Member States and Finland

Te NUS 2 regions with the lowest death rates romrespiratory diseases included all three o the Baltic MemberStates (each o which is composed o a single region atthis level o analysis) and all but one o the five regions inFinland (the islands o land were the exception, althoughhere too the death rate remained below the EU-28 average).French regions (other than those in the north and east othe country) and several Austrian and Italian regionsalso recorded relatively low standardised death rates orrespiratory diseases. Te lowest standardised death rate or

respiratory diseases across all NUS 2 regions was recordedin Latvia, at 34.6 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in 200810.

Death rates from respiratory diseases were almost twiceas high among men as women across the EU-28

Standardised death rates or men rom respiratory diseaseswere almost twice as high (1.9 times) as those or womenwithin the EU-28 during the period 200810. Male deathrates rom respiratory diseases were systematically higherthan those recorded or women across all NUS 2 regions othe EU. Te ratio o death rates among men compared withthose or women rose above 2.5 in several Spanish, Italian,

Hungarian, Polish and Finnish regions.Te largest absolute differences in death rates romrespiratory diseases between the sexes were ofen recordedin those regions with the highest overall death rates: orexample, the Portuguese Regies Autnomas da Madeiraand dos Aores. Tere were also large differences in anumber o Spanish regions (including the southern regionso Andaluca, Extremadura and the Regin de Murcia), thecentral Belgian regions o the Province/Provincie Hainautand Province/Provincie Namur, and the northerly Polishregion o Warminsko-Mazurskie; these latter three regionsare characterised by their historical specialisation in the

coal mining and iron and steel activities.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Baltic_Member_Stateshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Baltic_Member_Stateshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Baltic_Member_Stateshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Baltic_Member_States


8/20

2


Health

Map 2.2: Deaths from diseases of the respiratory system, by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)




9/20

Health 2


Figure 2.2: Regional disparities in deaths from diseases of the respiratory system, by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

UnitedKingdom

Ireland

Denmark

Portugal

Belgium

Greece

Malta

Netherlands

Spain

Slovakia

Luxembourg

Cyprus

CzechRepublic

Romania

Slovenia

Germany

Hungary

Poland

Bulgaria

Croatia

Italy

Sweden

Austria

France

Lithuania

Finland

Estonia

Latvia

Iceland

Liechtenstein

FYRofMacedonia

Switzerland

Capital region

National average

Other NUTS regions

(1) The light purple shaded bar shows the range of the highest to lowest region for each country. The dark green bar shows the national average. The green circle shows the capital cityregion. The dark purple circles show the other regions. Liechtenstein: 2010. Denmark and Iceland: 200709. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level.Chemnitz (DED4), Leipzig (DED5), Emilia-Romagna (ITH5), Marche (ITI3), Lancashire (UKD4) and Cheshire (UKD6): not available.


Deaths from respiratory diseases in the Greek, Polish and

Spanish capital regions were considerably higher thantheir respective national averages

Figure 2.2 presents the distribution o standardised deathrates rom respiratory diseases across NUS 2 regions in200810. Tere was a relatively narrow range o death ratesacross the different regions composing each EU MemberState, aside rom the outlying regions o the RegiesAutnomas da Madeira and dos Aores, Warminsko-Mazurskie and the Ciudad Autnoma de Ceuta (Spain).

Ireland, Portugal, Romania and Slovenia were the onlymulti-regional EU Member States where the capital regionrecorded the lowest regional death rate rom respiratorydiseases. By contrast, in 8 o the 20 multi-regional EUMember States or which data are available, the death rate

in the capital region was above the national average; thiswas notably so in the Greek, Polish and Spanish capitalregions o Athens, Warsaw and Madrid, and may in part beattributed to levels o air pollution.

Biggest overall decline in death rates from diseases of the

circulatory system recorded in the Nord-Vest region ofRomania

Figure 2.3 shows the development o death rates or bothdiseases o the circulatory and the respiratory system overthe period 200010. In each part o the figure, lines areshown or the EU-28 average, the region with the highestand lowest death rate in 200810, and the region with thebiggest increase and reduction in its death rate over themost recent decade or which data are available (note thatsix regions are excluded rom this analysis as they did nothave a complete time series).

For diseases o the circulatory system, the biggest reductionin death rates was recorded or the Nord-Vest region oRomania, where the rate ell rom a high o 1 489 per 100 000

inhabitants in 200002 to 1 169 in 200810. Althoughthis was the biggest absolute decline, in relative terms itamounted to a reduction o 21.5 %, which was slightly belowthe EU-28 average (-23.2 %).

Tere was an average reduction o 13.3 % in the EU-28sstandardised death rate or respiratory diseases over theperiod rom 200010. Te biggest decline across NUS 2regions was recorded in the Border, Midland and Westernregion o Ireland where the death rate ell by 40.2 %. InLatvia, where the lowest death rate or respiratory diseaseswas recorded in 200810, there was also a marked reductionin death rates between 200010 (-21.4 %).


10/20

2


Health

Figure 2.3: Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system and the respiratory system, selected NUTS 2regions in the EU-28, 200010 (1)(standardised death rates per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year averages)

0

300

600

900

1 200

1 500

200002 200103 200204 200305 200406 200507 200608 200709 200810

Diseases of the circulatory system (

2

)

EU-28

Severozapaden (BG31)

Nord-Vest (RO11)

Warminsko-Mazurskie (PL62)

le de France (FR10)

(1) Note: the y-axis is different in the two parts of the figure. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level. Chemnitz (DED4), Leipzig (DED5), Emilia-Romagna (ITH5),Marche (ITI3), Lancashire (UKD4) and Cheshire (UKD6): not available.

(2) The figure shows the EU-28 average, the highest ( BG31) and lowest (FR10) regions for 200810, the region with bi ggest increase (PL62) from 200 010 and the region with bigges treduction (RO11) from 200010 (subject to data availability).

(3) The figure shows the EU-28 average, the highest (PT30) and lowest (LV00) regions for 200810, the region with biggest increase (PL62) from 200010 and the region with biggestreduction (IE01) from 200010 (subject to data availability).

Source: Eurostat (online data code: hlth_cd_ysdr1)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

200002 200103 200204 200305 200406 200507 200608 200709 200810

Diseases of the respiratory system (3)

EU-28

Regio Autnoma da Madeira (PT30)Border, Midland and Western (IE01)

Warminsko-Mazurskie (PL62)

Latvia (LV00)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=EN


11/20

Health 2


Cancer (malignant neoplasms)

Tere are many different types o cancer (malignantneoplasms) including those o the larynx, trachea, bronchus,

lung, colon, breast or prostate, as well as lymphoid orhaematopoietic cancers. Te EU-28 standardised deathrate rom cancer was 273.6 per 100 000 inhabitants or theperiod 200810, with the rate or men (370.3) almost 80 %higher than that or women (207.1).

Hungarian regions had some of the highest death rates

from cancer in the EU

Among the NUS 2 regions o the EU-28 in 200810, thestandardised death rate rom cancer was highest in thenorth eastern Hungarian region o szak-Alld, peakingat 375.4 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants. Te lowest death

rates rom cancer were generally recorded in eastern andsouthern Europe (in particular across Bulgarian, Greekand Spanish regions, as well as in Cyprus) and the Frenchoverseas regions.

Map 2.3shows that the remaining regions o Hungary alsohad some o the highest death rates rom cancer (with lungcancer ofen the most prevalent orm o cancer in theseregions). All seven Hungarian regions were present amongthe 10 EU regions with the highest death rates rom cancer,alongside Severozpad (in the north west o the CzechRepublic) and the two northerly Polish regions o Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Pomorskie (which includes Gdask).

while death rates from cancer were also high in the

majority of regions in the Czech Republic, the Netherlands,Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia

Tere were a total o 49 regions in the EU-28 that reported300.0 or more deaths rom cancer per 100 000 inhabitantsduring the period 200810. Aside rom the 10 regionsalready mentioned, the majority o regions in the CzechRepublic, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Sloveniawere present at the top end o the distribution, along withseven regions rom the north o the United Kingdom,Croatia, Denmark and Latvia (only national inormationavailable or these three countries) and the Irish capitalregion o Southern and Eastern. Te Romanian capitalregion o Bucureti Ilov, the most northerly French regiono Nord - Pas-de-Calais and the Portuguese island RegioAutnoma dos Aores were all atypical, as they were theonly regions rom these countries to record death rates romcancer that were above 300 deaths per 100 000 inhabitantsduring the period 200810.

Men were more than twice as likely to die from cancer as

women in all Portuguese and Spanish regions

An analysis by sex or the period 200810 shows that

standardised death rates rom cancer across EU regionswere systematically higher or men than or women. Tewidest gender gap was recorded in the region with thehighest overall death rate or cancer, szak-Alld, wherethe rate or men peaked at 558.7 deaths per 100 000 maleinhabitants, some 300 deaths higher than the correspondingrate or women. Male death rates rom cancer were morethan twice as high as emale rates in every Portuguese andSpanish region, as well as in most French and Hungarianregions, and about hal o all Greek and Polish regions.

SPOTLIGHT ON THE REGIONS:SEVEROZPAD CZ04,

THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The spa town of Karlovy Vary, Severozpad

Severozpad was the EU region which recorded

the most rapid reduction in death rates frombreast cancer among women during the period

200010 (-32.7 %); this was 3.5 times as fast as thecorresponding reduction for the whole of the EU-28.As a result the death rate from breast cancer in

Severozpad fell below the EU-28 average in 200709.

In the seven other NUTS 2 regions of the CzechRepublic, female death rates from breast cancer alsofell at a relatively fast pace, with reductions in the rangeof 2227 % for six regions. The only exception was the

region surrounding the capital Praha, as the death ratefell by 14.3 % in Stredn Cechy. Nevertheless, this was

also at a faster pace than the EU-28 average (-9.5 %).

Photo: Juan de Vojnkov


12/20

2


Health

Map 2.3: Deaths from cancer (malignant neoplasms), by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)




13/20

Health 2


Death rates from cancer in the capital regions of Bucharest

and Vienna were higher than in any other Romanian orAustrian region

Figure 2.4shows the distribution o standardised death ratesrom cancer or the period 200810. Te largest dispersiono rates was recorded across French regions, while therewas also a relatively wide variation between the regionso Romania, Spain, Poland, Portugal and Greece. Capitalregions were characterised as recording death rates romcancer that were generally close to their respective nationalaverages. Tis pattern was reproduced across the majorityo the EU Member States, with only Bucureti Ilov andWien displaying an atypical pattern: the capital regions oRomania and Austria recorded the highest regional deathrates rom cancer in these two countries.

In the Czech region of Severozpad, the death ratefor breast cancer fell by almost one third over the lastdecade

Figure 2.5 shows the development o death rates or twogender-specific cancers: namely, breast cancer or women andprostate cancer or men. Each part o the figure shows linesor the EU-28 average, the NUS 2 region with the highestand lowest death rate in 200810, and the NUS 2 regionwith the biggest increase and reduction in its death rates overthe period 200010 (note that six regions are excluded romthis analysis as they did not have a complete time series).

For breast cancer, there was a 9.5 % reduction in the EU-28death rate among women during the last decade. Te biggestreduction was recorded or the Severozpad region o theCzech Republic, where death rates ell by almost one third

(-32.7 %) and dropped below the EU-28 average in 200709. Te highest death rate or breast cancer was recordedin the northerly Belgian region o the Province/ProvincieOost-Vlaanderen, at 47.7 emale deaths per 100 000 emaleinhabitants in 200810, some 1.4 times as high as the EU-28average. Te biggest increase in death rates rom breastcancer over the period 200010 was a rise o almost onethird (32.2 %) in the autonomous island region o land(Finland); its death rate or breast cancer rose above theEU-28 average in 200709.

while that for prostate cancer fell by nearly 50 % in the

Italian region of Bolzano/Bozen

For prostate cancer, the EU-28 death rate among menell by 14.1 % over the period 200010. Death rates werealmost halved (-49.0 %) in the northerly Italian region othe Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen; its death rateor prostate cancer ell below the EU-28 average in 200709.Te highest death rate rom prostate cancer was recordedin land the same region that recorded the highestincrease in breast cancer at 97.3 male deaths per 100 000male inhabitants in 200810; this was 2.3 times as high asthe EU-28 average. Te biggest increase in the death rate or

Figure 2.4: Regional disparities in deaths from cancer (malignant neoplasms), by NUTS 2 regions, 200810 (1)(standardised death rate per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year average)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Hungary

Croatia

Slovenia

Denmark

CzechRepublic

Poland

Slovakia

Latvia

Netherlands

Ireland

Estonia

UnitedKingdom

Lithuania

Belgium

Luxembourg

Italy

France

Romania

Germany

Austria

Greece

Malta

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

Bulgaria

Finland

Cyprus

Iceland

Norway

FYRofMacedonia

Switzerland

Liechtenstein

Capital region

National average

Other NUTS regions

(1) The light purple shaded bar shows the range of the highest to lowest region for each country. The dark green bar shows the national average. The green circle shows the capital cityregion. The dark purple circles show the other regions. Liechtenstein: 2010. Denmark and Iceland: 200709. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level.



14/20

2


Health

Figure 2.5: Deaths from selected cancers (malignant neoplasms), selected NUTS 2 regions in the EU-28, 200010 (1)(standardised death rates per 100 000 inhabitants, three-year averages)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

200002 200103 200204 200305 200406 200507 200608 200709 200810

Women: breast cancer (2)

EU-28

Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen (BE23)

land (FI20)

Severozpad (CZ04)

(1) Note: the y-axis is different in the two parts of the figure. Scotland (UKM): by NUTS 1 region. Denmark and Croatia: national level. Chemnitz (DED4), Leipzig (DED5), Emilia-Romagna (ITH5),Marche (ITI3), Lancashire (UKD4) and Cheshire (UKD6): not available.

(2) The figure shows the EU-28 average, the highest (BE23) and lowest (FR94) regions for 200810, the region with biggest increase (FI20) from 200010 and the region with biggest reduction(CZ04) from 200010 (subject to data availability).

(3) The figure shows the EU-28 average, the highest (FI20) and lowest (RO41) regions for 200810, the region with biggest increase (LV00) from 200010 and the region with biggest reduc tion(ITH1) from 200010 (subject to data availability).

(4) 200305 to 200507: not available.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: hlth_cd_ysdr1)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

200002 200103 200204 200305 200406 200507 200608 200709 200810

Men: prostate cancer (3)

EU-28

land (FI20)

Latvia (LV00)

Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen (ITH1) (4)

Sud-Vest Oltenia (RO41)

prostate cancer during the period 200010 was recorded inLatvia (which is covered by a single region at this level oanalysis) with an overall increase o 31.7 %: note that the

death rate or prostate cancer peaked in 200608, morethan one third (35.8 %) higher than it had been in 200002.
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_cd_ysdr1&mode=view&language=EN


15/20

Health 2


Healthcare resources

Hospital beds

For many years, the number o hospital beds across theEU-28 has decreased. During the last decade this patterncontinued, as the number o available beds in hospitalsell by an estimated 10.9 % between 2002 and 2012. Tetotal number o available hospital beds in the EU-28 wasestimated at 2.70 million in 2012.

In 2011, the highest density o available hospital bedswas recorded in the north-eastern German region oMecklenburg-Vorpommern (1 273 beds per 100 000inhabitants; inormation is only available or NUS 1regions or Germany), ollowed by its neighbouring Polishregion o Zachodniopomorskie (1 239) and the central

German region o Tringen (1 002); these three regionswere the only ones in the EU-28 to record ratios above 1 000beds per 100 000 inhabitants. Tere were our additionalregions where the availability o hospital beds stood abovethe level o 900 beds per 100 000 inhabitants, they were: theRomanian capital region o Bucuresti - Ilov, two moreGerman regions (Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein), and theAustrian region o Salzburg.

Healthcare resources tend to be concentrated in regions

with high population density, especially capital regions

Map 2.4 shows the highest ratio o hospital beds topopulation in 2011 was ofen recorded in the capital region

o each EU Member State; this may be due to capitalcities ofen having specialised hospital services (or thetreatment o rare diseases or new types o intervention andcare). More generally, regional disparities may result romthe distribution o medical acilities in major cities andagglomerations, with these acilities not only being used bythe local population but also people rom a wider catchmentarea that extends into neighbouring regions. Berlin(Germany), Helsinki-Uusimaa (Finland) and Stockholm(Sweden) were the three main exceptions to this pattern,as each o these capital regions reported the lowest densityo available hospital beds in their respective countries.Stockholm (239 beds) and the Comunidad de Madrid (295

beds) were both present among the 24 regions in the EUwhich had less than 300 beds per 100 000 inhabitants; whilethe figure or Madrid was below the national average orSpain, although there were five other Spanish regions withlower ratios.

Among the 24 EU regions where the density o hospital bedsper 100 000 inhabitants was below 300 beds (as shown bythe lightest shade in Map 2.4), seven regions were located ineach o Spain and Sweden and three in southern Italy. Notethat data or the United Kingdom are only available at thenational level, but that the United Kingdom was one o onlythree EU Member States along with Ireland and Sweden to record an average density o hospital beds below 300per 100 000 inhabitants in 2011.

Among the multi-regional Member States, those regionswith the lowest number o hospital beds per 100 000

inhabitants were ofen characterised as being rural areaswith relatively low levels o population density, or example,the central Greek region o Sterea Ellada, Alentejo inPortugal, or Andaluca in southern Spain each o these

eatured among the five EU regions with the lowest numberso hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants in 2011.

Healthcare professionals

Regional data on healthcare proessionals provides analternative measure or studying the availability o healthcareresources. Map 2.5 shows the number o physicians per100 000 inhabitants in 2011. As with the data presentedor hospital beds, the capital region in each Member Stategenerally reported the highest concentration o physicians.In those multi-regional Member States or which data areavailable the exceptions to this rule included: the provinceso Brabant Wallon and Vlaams-Brabant which had higherratios than the Belgian capital region; Severozapaden inBulgaria; Bremen and Hamburg in Germany (data areonly available or NUS 1 regions); the Ciudad Autnomade Ceuta, the Comunidad Foral de Navarra and the PasVasco in Spain; Provence-Alpes-Cte dAzur in France; andGroningen and Utrecht in the Netherlands.

Given there are considerable differences in the definition ophysicians that are used in the EU Member States, there isno overall figure or the number o physicians in the EU-28.Data are collected or three different concepts: namely, thoseo practising physicians, proessionally active physiciansand licensed physicians. Te regional analysis that ollows

is based exclusively on what is considered to be the mostimportant o these concepts in view o access to healthcare:that o practising physicians who provide services directlyto patients.

High density of practising physicians in the capital regions

of neighbouring Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Te highest regional density o practising physicians acrossNUS 2 regions in 2011 was recorded or the Spanishoverseas region o the Ciudad Autnoma de Ceuta (1 048practising physicians per 100 000 inhabitants), ollowed byanother Spanish region the Comunidad Foral de Navarra and the Czech, Slovakian and Austrian capital regionso Praha, Bratislavsk kraj and Wien. Tese were the onlyfive regions in the EU where upwards o 600 practisingphysicians existed per 100 000 inhabitants (although in twoGreek regions there were more than 600 active physiciansper 100 000 inhabitants).

Among the 21 NUS 2 regions where the number opractising physicians ell below 225 per 100 000 inhabitantsin 2011 (shown by the lightest shade in Map 2.5), therewere 10 out o the 16 regions in Poland, our out o eightRomanian regions, two regions each rom Belgium, France(both overseas regions) and Hungary, and a single Slovenianregion. Te southerly Romanian region o Sud - Muntenia

and the central Polish region o Wielkopolskie (whichincludes the city o Pozna) were the only regions where thenumber o practising physicians ell below 150 per 100 000inhabitants.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Hospitalhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Licensed_physicianhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Licensed_physicianhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Hospital


16/20

2


Health

Map 2.4: Hospital beds, by NUTS 2 regions, 2011 (1)(per 100 000 inhabitants)

(1) EU-28, Denmark, Luxembourg and Sweden: 2010. Greece and the Netherlands: 2009. Germany: by NUTS 1 region. The Netherlands and the United King dom: national level. Portugal:estimates.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: hlth_rs_bdsrg)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_rs_bdsrg&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_rs_bdsrg&mode=view&language=EN


17/20

Health 2


Map 2.5: Healthcare personnel number of practising physicians, by NUTS 2 regions, 2011 (1)(per 100 000 inhabitants)

(1) The Netherlands and Sweden: 2010. Denmark: 2009. Croatia: 2008. Germany: by NUTS 1 region. Ireland and the United Kingdom: national level. Greece, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Finland,the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey: active physicians. Ireland and Portugal: licensed physicians.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: hlth_rs_prsrg)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_rs_prsrg&mode=view&language=ENhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=hlth_rs_prsrg&mode=view&language=EN


18/20

2


Health

Data sources and availabilityEurostat compiles and publishes health statistics or EU

regions, the individual EU Member States, as well as theEU-28 aggregate; in addition, a subset o inormation isavailable or EFA and candidate countries. Te datapresented on causes o death is usually available or NUS 2regions, averaged over the three-year period rom 200810;or Scotland (the United Kingdom) these statistics are onlyavailable or a single NUS 1 region, while or Denmark andCroatia the data are available at the national level. Statisticspresented or healthcare resources (hospital beds andthe number o physicians) are also generally available orNUS 2 regions with the exception o Germany (NUS 1regions or both indicators), Ireland (national level or thenumber o physicians), the Netherlands (national level or

hospital beds) and the United Kingdom (national level orboth indicators).

Health statistics collected during the period up to andincluding reerence year 2010 were submitted by EU MemberStates to Eurostat on the basis o a gentlemans agreement.Regulation 1338/2008 o the European Parliament and othe Council o 16 December 2008 on Community statisticson public health and health and saety at work providesthe legal basis or compiling statistics on: causes o death;healthcare; health status and health determinants; accidentsat work; occupational diseases and other work-relatedhealth problems. Within the context o this regulation, an

implementing regulation onCommunity statistics on publichealth and health and saety at work, as regards statisticson causes o death(328/2011) was adopted by the EuropeanParliament and the Council on 5 April 2011; it provides alegal basis or the collection o statistics in each EU MemberState rom reerence year 2011 onwards and will result in abroader range o statistics being collected.

A wide range o comparable statistics, or example, onhealthcare systems, health-related behaviour, diseases andcauses o death and a common set o EU health indicators,upon which there is EU-wide agreement regardingdefinitions, data collection and use is in the process o being

established within the ramework o the open method ocoordination or health issues (see the Context section ormore details).

Causes of death

Statistics relating to causes o death provide inormationabout diseases (and other eventualities, such as suicideor transport accidents) that lead directly to death; thisinormation can be used to help plan health services.Many actors determine mortality patterns intrinsicones, such as age and sex, as well as extrinsic ones, suchas environmental or social actors and living and workingconditions while individual actors, such as liestyle,smoking, diet, alcohol consumption or driving behaviour,may also play a role.

Statistics on causes o death are based on inormation romdeath certificates. Tese statistics record the underlyingcause o death: the definition adopted by the World HealthAssembly is the disease or injury which initiated the

train o morbid events leading directly to death, or thecircumstances o the accident or violence which producedthe atal injury.

In addition to absolute numbers, crude death rates andstandardised death ratesare calculated or causes o death.Regional data are provided in the orm o averages, as one-off events or example, a flu epidemic or a terrorist attack may result in particularly high numbers o deaths ora specific cause o death or a single reerence period. Assuch, the average value o the latest three years or whichinormation are available is used to moderate these effects;the latest reerence period or such averages is generally

200810.Te crude death rate indicates mortality in relation to thetotal population, in other words, it is calculated as thenumber o deaths in the population over a given perioddivided by the number o inhabitants during the sameperiod; it is expressed per 100 000 inhabitants. Te crudedeath rate may be strongly influenced by populationstructure, as mortality is generally higher among older agegroups. As such, a region with a population that is consideredto be relatively old will probably experience more deathsthan a region that is considered to be relatively young. Inorder to account or these differences in the structure o

populations, the analysis presented is based on standardiseddeath rates, which are weighted averages o age-specificmortality rates; the weighting actor is the age distributiono a standard reerence population. Standardised death ratesare expressed per 100 000 inhabitants and are calculated orthe 064 age group (premature death), as well as or personsaged 65 and above, and or persons o all ages.

Deaths are classified to one o the 86 diseases (and othercauses) that orm part o the European shortlist or causes odeath (2012), which is based on the International statisticalclassification o diseases and related health problemsthat is developed and maintained by the World Health

Organisation (WHO).Note that the standard reerence population used in thecompilation o Eurostats standardised death rates was re-computed during the course o 2013. Te new Europeanstandard population is the unweighted average o theindividual populations o EU and EFA countries or five-year age bands calculated on the basis o 2010 populationprojections, averaged over the period 201130. Tis processo recalculation may explain the sometimes considerabledifferences i comparing the data presented here to datathat has been previously published in earlier editions o thispublication.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Eurostathttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Candidate_countrieshttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011R0349:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011R0349:EN:NOThttp://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/governance/wha/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/governance/wha/en/index.htmlhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Crude_death_ratehttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Standardised_death_rate_(SDR)http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL&StrNom=COD_2012&StrLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=&StrLayoutCode=HIERARCHIChttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL&StrNom=COD_2012&StrLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=&StrLayoutCode=HIERARCHIChttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:ICDhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:ICDhttp://www.who.int/en/http://www.who.int/en/http://www.who.int/en/http://www.who.int/en/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:ICDhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:ICDhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL&StrNom=COD_2012&StrLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=&StrLayoutCode=HIERARCHIChttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL&StrNom=COD_2012&StrLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=&StrLayoutCode=HIERARCHIChttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Standardised_death_rate_(SDR)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Crude_death_ratehttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/governance/wha/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/governance/wha/en/index.htmlhttp://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://new.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1392991856187&uri=CELEX:32011R0328http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011R0349:EN:NOThttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011R0349:EN:NOThttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Candidate_countrieshttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Eurostat


19/20

Health 2


Healthcare

Non-expenditure healthcare data are mainly based onadministrative sources, although a ew countries compile

this inormation rom surveys; as a consequence, theinormation collected is not always comparable. Work isongoing to improve this situation and it is anticipated thatthis will lead to legislative developments to provide a morecoherent and robust set o statistics or healthcare resourcesin the uture.

Regional statistics on healthcare resources concern human,physical and technical resources, including staff (such asphysicians, dentists, nursing and caring proessionals,pharmacists and physiotherapists) and equipment (suchas hospital beds). Data are also available or output-related indicators that ocus on hospital patients and their

treatment(s), in particular or inpatients (although thesestatistics are not shown in this publication). As well asfigures in absolute numbers, density ratios are provided tohelp analyse the availability o resources or the requencyo services rendered; generally these rates are expressed per100 000 inhabitants.

Hospital bed numbers provide inormation about healthcarecapacities; in other words, on the maximum number opatients who can be treated in hospitals. Available hospitalbeds (occupied or unoccupied) are those which are regularlymaintained and staffed and are immediately available orthe care o admitted patients. Tis indicator should ideally

cover beds in all hospitals, including general hospitals,mental health and substance abuse hospitals, and otherspecialised hospitals. Tis statistic should include public aswell as private sector establishments although some EUMember States only provide data or the public sector.

Data on healthcare staff are provided regardless o whetherthe personnel are independent, employed by a hospital, orany other healthcare provider. Tree main concepts areused or healthcare proessionals: practising, proessionally

active and licensed to practise. Practising physicians provideservices directly to patients; proessionally active physiciansinclude those who practice as well as those working inadministration and research with their medical educationbeing a pre-requisite or the job they carry out; physicianslicensed to practice are those entitled to work as physiciansplus, or example, those who are retired. o interpretMap 2.5, which generally presents data or the number opractising physicians per 100 000 inhabitants, it is necessaryto consider that the statistics or Greece, the Netherlands,Slovakia, Finland, the ormer Yugoslav Republic oMacedonia and urkey relate to proessionally active

physicians, while those or Ireland and Portugal relate tolicensed physicians. As such, it is likely that the inormationshown or regions in these countries is somewhat over-estimated (when compared with those regions where thedata reer to the number o practising physicians).


20/20

Documents

Eurostat regional yearbook 2014.PDF