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ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
1
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
2
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
3
Europulse company
- founded in 1989
- independently owned medium-sized
- located at Cressensac (near Brive)
- 750 m² : offices, laboratory, machine shop,
experimental radiation area
- 1000 m2 available for outdoor experiments.
- seperate inside space for outside contractors
hosted by the company when required.
Main applications
- NEMP, EMC
- Pyrotechnics
- Detonics and ballistics
- Pulsed components test
- Pulsed X-rays and electon beams
- UWB
- Pulsed electric field
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
4
Voltage : few kV up to more one MV
Current : few A up to few hundred kA
Impedance : few mΩ up to few hundred Ω
Rise time : few hundred ps up to few ms
Width : few hundred ps up to few ms
Rep rate : single shoot before up to few kHz
Area Of Our Expertise
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
5
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
6
V E dx
d
0
Applying a pulsed electric field to two electrodes in contact with the liquid
to be treated. The electric field is provided by a HV pulses generator
Liquid to be treated
electrode
HT
d
Relation between Electric Field and Voltage
E = - grad V
Electric Field Uniforme uniforme : V = E.d
Example : d= 2 cm E= 20 kV/cm V= 40 kV Volume of 20 cm3 Electrodes surface= 10 cm2
Resistivity of the medium to be treated ()= 300 .cm
R = 60 I = 660 A Energie by rectangular pulse of 1µs width : 26,4 J
Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !!
Principle of PEF
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
7
Wave form : rectangular - monopolar or bipolar
Voltage : 10 to about 40 kV on 50Ω
Current : about 600 A on 50Ω
Impedance : 30 to about 100Ω
Rise time : < 10/20 ns
Width : adjustable in steps from 50ns to 3μs
1μs to 10μs
10ns to 100ns
Rep rate : single shoot to 800 Hz or more continuously
Main Electrical Characteristics Requested By Our Customers
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
8
Rep rate : Energy supplied by the high voltage supply
Prévious example E= 20 kV/cm R = 60 Ω
Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !! Temperature rising !!!!
Incidence Rep Rate on the cost of the system
Rectangular : Line discharge
voltage charging twice time the amplitude on matched load
Charging voltage > 50 kV
Volume treated more important
Electric design more complex, Cost of power supply
Use voltage doubler circuit or Marx generator
Cost and complexity more important
Rise time < 10/20 ns
Use of special spark gap, non linear commutation circuit
Difficulties Resulting From Characteristics
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
9
Z load : 50Ω
V peak 5 à 20kV
Shape : rectangular
Ton ≤ 10ns
Width 50, 250, 500ns
1, 2, 3µs
Rep Rate : 815 Hz max
Rate flow : 20l/h
Pulsed Electric Field System For Liquid Foods
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
10
Block Diagram Of A Processing Facility By PEF
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
11
Setting : cell parameters (geometrical, electrical)
electrical pulses parameters (E field, width, rep rate)
pulses sequences, electric power, spark gap parameters
Display : coulombs transferred, setting parameters, fault conditions.
Control : compatibility of the parameters selected
Taking into account : electrical safety features.
Outputting : test conditions to a printer.
Process Manager
Functions performed
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
12
Vcell = Vcharging *Rcell/(Rcell+ Zline)
Principle of Discharge Line
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
13
V initial Ton : 1 ns
V resistitive part Ton :12 ns
Zcell=Zline
Influence of a Series Inductance (connection, cell geometry)
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
14
40 kV - 4 kJ/s GA power supply
Charging
voltage
Inhibition
V
time
Gate
HV output
Rep rate
n pulses selected
High Voltage Power Supply
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
15
Vbreakdown : self breakdown voltage of the spark gap
Pabsolue : absolute gas pressure
d : distance between the electrodes
: coefficient related to the geometry of the electrodes
Paschen Law
Repetitive Spark Gap
Vbreakdown = 1/n x f (pabsolute x d)
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
16
Liquid input
Liquid output
HV pulses input
Current monitor output
HV Electrode
Safety switch
Coaxial Treatment Cell
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
17
1
2ln11
2
1
r
r
hZL
L
L
Z
Z
1
2lnr
rr
VEr
Thus for : r = 3 mm Er = 6,5 x V (V/cm)
r = 5 mm Er = 3,9 x V (V/cm)
12 rr
V
d
VE
d : distance between the electrodes
L
Cech
Z
ZrrEV 112arg
Cell Resistance
σ : conductivity of the solution in Siemens/cm
h : thickness of the electrodes in cm
r2 : radius of the outer electrode
r1 : radius of the inner electrode
α : form factor (0.59 for the cell EP 303175)
Temperature
influence
Radial non
uniform E field
RadialUniform
Efield
Charging voltage
versus E field
Coaxial Treatment Cell Formulas
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
18
Balance
Voltage
measurement
Short
circuit relay
Current
measurement
Temperature
sensor
Traitment
cell
Heat exchanger
Event
filter
Security cylinder
pressure
H.V.
Treated liquid
Event
filter
Temperature
sensor
Untreated liquidCoolant
input
Coolant
outputCoolant
output
Coolant
input
Voltage
sensor
Current
sensor
Pump
Hydraulic Line
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
19
Ecell=40 kV/cm
Width=50ns
F=100 Hz
Ecell=40 kV/cm
Width=2µs
F=20 Hz
Some Waveforms
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
20
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
21
Cancer Research
Fast Pulsed Electric Field Generator
Z charge : 50Ω
V crête 7 à 20kV
Shape : rectangular
Ton ≤ 1ns
T50 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ns
Rep rate : 100 Hz max
Regression of cancerous tumors
by means of high voltage pulses
Dr Luis Mir laboratory
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
22
Vc=39.9kv 15.5b 32hz
111 impulsions
Vc=15.4kv 4.50b 32hz
111 impulsions
Fast capacitive monitor (Europulse) measurements
Some Waveforms
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
23
Repetitive Marx Generator
2 stages
repetitive
Marx
generator
-2,00
-1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
0,E+00 1,E-06 2,E-06 3,E-06 4,E-06 5,E-06
40 kV
31 Hz
36 kV
202 Hz
23 kV
227 Hz
Voltage : 350 kV
Current : 6 kA
Repetitive rate : 115 Hz
Half-amplitude width : 46 ns
Rise time < 15 ns
Load impedance : 60
20 kV 400 Hz 1 Stage
Repetitive Marx Generators
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
24
UWB 10kV – ton 80ps - FID Generator
UWB Antennas (IRCOM)
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
26
Europulse provides adapted pulsed repetitive generators for specific applications
Liquid treatment
20 kV – 815 Hz
Cancer research
20 kV – 100 Hz
See presentation of Dr. Mir tomorrow
Conclusion
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
27
ReferencesAcknowledgments
The author thanks M. Romain Jeantet and his team from INRA, Rennes, France.
References
J. Korolczuk, J. Rippoll Mc Keag, J. Carballeira Fernandez, F. Baron, N. Grosset, R. Jeantet
“Effect of pulsed electric field processing parameters on Salmonella Enteritidis inactivation”,
Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 75, pp. 11-20, 2006.
Jeantet R., Carballeira J.A., Roignant M., Cochet M.F., Baron F., Korolczuk J. Brion J.C.
“Performances d’un nouvel appareil de décontamination microbienne de produits liquides en
continu par champs électriques pulsés“ Industries Alimentaires et Agricoles, Avril 2003
Brion J-C
“Pilot Scale Continuous Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Liquid Poducts“
5th Euro-Asian Pulsed Power Conference, Kumamoto (Japan), 2014
L. Véron, J.C. Brion
“Experimental study of a repetitive compact Marx generator”
European Pulse Power Symposium, ISL (France), 2002
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
28
Surface Breakdown 100 kA
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
29
Electrons Impacts on Tungsten
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
30
Electrons Impacts On Aluminium Plate
ISP 2 juin 2016Pulsed Repetitive Generators for Biological Applications
EUROPULSE Route de Gignac – 46600 Cressensac – 33 (0)5 65 37 65 47 [email protected]
31
Electrons Impacts On Copper Rod Φ 8mm