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Europe’s Colonies in the Americas. October 5, 2009. Spain & Portugal Look for ocean route to Asia Used to go around Africa Christopher Columbus Convinced Spain to pay for voyage Aug. 1492: Leave Expect to reach Asia in few weeks Oct. 1492: Reached land Thought Asia (East Indies) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Europe’s Colonies in the Americas
October 5, 2009
• Spain & Portugal– Look for ocean route to Asia– Used to go around Africa
• Christopher Columbus– Convinced Spain to pay for voyage– Aug. 1492: Leave• Expect to reach Asia in few weeks
– Oct. 1492: Reached land• Thought Asia (East Indies)
– Really Caribbean Islands• Claimed land for Spain• Called people Indians
• Tension for Spain & Portugal– Claimed any land they explored
• Treaty of Tordesillas (TOR de See yas)– Spain: lands to WEST– Portugal: lands to EAST
• Spain got most of Americas– Hundreds followed after
Columbus– Gold, religion, Asia
• Portugal got Brazil
• Spain– Magellan– Sail around the world– Left Spain with 5 ships– Made it around southern tip of
South America– Named Pacific Ocean– Died in Philippines– 1 ship made it back to Spain
• 1st to sail around world
• France & Great Britain enter competition for land in Americas
• New Spain– Mexico into Peru– 2 territories– Viceroy: ruler for each
territory (in place of king)– Spain made all laws for
colonies• Church, court, trade• Transfer spanish laws/
culture to Americas– Cabildos: govern towns
• Set prices/ punish criminals
• Want to help parent country…Spain followed:– Mercantilism: export more than import
• Sell more than buy– 2 roles of colonies
1. Supply raw materials to parent country2. Only buy goods from parent country
***In return, parent country gives PROTECTION
• 1st treasure to Spain– Incas & Aztecs– Gold burned down
• Agriculture: wealth for Spain– Crops (sugar, coffee, etc.) sent to Spain
• Pirates lurked in Carribean• Spain richest & most powerful
Labor/ SlaveryOctober 6, 2009
The Search for Labor
• Spanish settlers NEED workers– Mines, plantations, & ranches
• Encomienda system– Spanish has right to demand taxes or labor from people
living on land• In return: Spanish pay Native Americans for their work,
health, & teach Christianity– 4 out of 5 indians died during 1st year in mines
• Bartolome de las Casas: spoke out against misuse & mistreatment of Indians
New Laws
• 1542– Reformed encomienda system– Banned enslavement of Native Americans• Indian populations fell dramatically
– Death opened lands for Spanish to settle– Haciendas• Large plantations• Best land• Only least productive land left for Indians
Slave System
• Las Casas– Spoke out against mistreatment of Indians– Gave advice to Spain that he later regretted• Use Africans instead of Indians as slaves• Africans better suited for tropical weather
• Roots of Slavery– Existed everywhere– Trade slaves for cloth & weapons
• Need for slaves– Plantations
• Feed settlers & trade– Difficult to farm/ not easy work
• Africans who arrive to Americas already survived:– Capture in Africa– Exposure to European diseases– Travel– Avg. age: 35 years old– DIED: voyage, overworked,
poor food, unhealthy living conditions, etc.
MYTH: AAs better suited for slavery
Portugal & The Columbian Exchange
October 7, 2009
• Portugal has control of – Brazil– Asia– Africa• Focus on colonizing Asia &
Africa first– 1530s• Focus on Brazil• Afraid Spain might take• Divided Brazil into 15 regions
– Donatario: landowner/ lord for each region
– Brought over colonists from Portugal to settle
• Cash crops in Brazil– Coffee, cotton, & sugar
• Like Spain…Used Native Americans for slaves– Then switched to Africans– 40% of all Africans…sent to Brazil– 3.5 million Africans sent to Brazil (by 1850)
• Exploring Americas• Going back & forth across Atlantic Ocean
– Links the western & eastern hemispheres• Columbian Exchange: global exchange of people, goods,
& ideas (between east & west hemisphere)
• Exchanges of people/ ideas go BACK & FORTH• People
• Millions moved• Europeans BRING gov’t, laws, & religion to Latin America• Europeans TAKE BACK products/ ideas
• Foods• Spain to Latin America
– Corn, potatoes, chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes• Latin America to Spain
– Chili peppers, papaya, pineapples
• Diseases• Incas helped Europeans treat malaria (bark)• Spanish carried diseases to Americas
– Smallpox, measles, flue– Native American population DOWN
» 1519: 25 million» 1605: 1 million