EuropeansEuropeansLook Look OutwardOutward

Chapter 9 Section 3Chapter 9 Section 3

The World in 1050The World in 1050 During this time, the Muslims were in control of a large area During this time, the Muslims were in control of a large area

which extended from Spain to India; traders from that group which extended from Spain to India; traders from that group traveled across different lands like West Africa and Asia and traveled across different lands like West Africa and Asia and spread ideas throughout their journeysspread ideas throughout their journeys

A number system was devised by Indian mathematicians A number system was devised by Indian mathematicians which was later adapted by the Arabs who handed it down which was later adapted by the Arabs who handed it down to the Europeansto the Europeans

The invention of paper, gunpowder, printing, and paper The invention of paper, gunpowder, printing, and paper money were among many of the technological and practical money were among many of the technological and practical advances made by the Chineseadvances made by the Chinese

The Soninke people (West Africa) constructed a large The Soninke people (West Africa) constructed a large Ghanaian trading empire, and traded goods as far away as Ghanaian trading empire, and traded goods as far away as Europe and the Middle EastEurope and the Middle East

Two American civilizations (the Mayas and Peruvian Native Two American civilizations (the Mayas and Peruvian Native Americans) built great empires as well as fancy artworkAmericans) built great empires as well as fancy artwork

TheThe Crusades Crusades The Council of Clermont, which was held in 1095, took place The Council of Clermont, which was held in 1095, took place

between the clergymen and nobility; there Pope Urban II between the clergymen and nobility; there Pope Urban II convinced them to start the wars known as the Crusadesconvinced them to start the wars known as the Crusades

There were various reasons for wanting to start the war; There were various reasons for wanting to start the war; knights desired greater respect and excitement, but the knights desired greater respect and excitement, but the pope wanted the Europeans to reclaim their stolen land pope wanted the Europeans to reclaim their stolen land from the Turks, heal the schism (split) between the Roman from the Turks, heal the schism (split) between the Roman and Byzantine churches, and prevent Christian from and Byzantine churches, and prevent Christian from fighting Christianfighting Christian

In the First Crusade, Jerusalem was conquered by Christian In the First Crusade, Jerusalem was conquered by Christian knights, causing many Muslim and Jewish occupants to be knights, causing many Muslim and Jewish occupants to be murderedmurdered

In the Third Crusade, the Christians lost Jerusalem to the In the Third Crusade, the Christians lost Jerusalem to the Muslims and in the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims emerged Muslims and in the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims emerged as the triumphant onesas the triumphant ones

The Crusades The Crusades Affects EuropeAffects Europe A strong feeling of enmity (hostility) remained between the A strong feeling of enmity (hostility) remained between the

two religions, which usually ended in bloodshedtwo religions, which usually ended in bloodshed Trade became larger, and a money economy grew as well; it Trade became larger, and a money economy grew as well; it

soon replaced hard work as a major form of paymentsoon replaced hard work as a major form of payment There was more power given to feudal rulers who could There was more power given to feudal rulers who could

justify tax collection as an aide for the Crusades; the battles justify tax collection as an aide for the Crusades; the battles did not help the schism, thoughdid not help the schism, though

Later, world exploration inspired a small group of Europeans Later, world exploration inspired a small group of Europeans (like Marco Polo) to travel to distant, foreign lands unknown (like Marco Polo) to travel to distant, foreign lands unknown to this regionto this region

The Reconquista in SpainThe Reconquista in Spain The Reconquista ( or “reconquest”) was created by many The Reconquista ( or “reconquest”) was created by many

Christian communities who desired to conquer Muslim-Christian communities who desired to conquer Muslim-conquered kingdomsconquered kingdoms

They recaptured Toledo (in Spain) in 1085They recaptured Toledo (in Spain) in 1085 Isabella and Ferdinand helped these communities Isabella and Ferdinand helped these communities

reconquer Granada (also in Spain) in 1492reconquer Granada (also in Spain) in 1492 Religious toleration ceased under Isabella, who was backed Religious toleration ceased under Isabella, who was backed

by the Inquisition (a Church court) and led a struggle by the Inquisition (a Church court) and led a struggle against non-Christians against non-Christians