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BRIEFING PAPER

Number CBP 7639, 29 June 2016

European Union Referendum 2016

By Elise Uberoi

Contents: 1. The referendum on the UK’s

membership of the EU 2. Results 3. Characteristics associated

with votes for Leave and Remain

4. Turnout 5. Opinion polls 6. Timeline of key events 7. Previous referendums 8. Data tables

2 European Union Referendum 2016

Contents Summary 3

1. The referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU 4

2. Results 5 2.1 Analysis of results by counting region (including Northern

Ireland) 9 2.2 Analysis of results by counting area 10

In the East 11 In the East Midlands 12 In London 12 In the North East 13 In the North West 13 In Scotland 14 In the South East 14 In the South West and Gibraltar 15 In Wales 15 In the West Midlands 16 In Yorkshire and the Humber 16 In constituencies in Northern Ireland 17

2.3 Spoilt ballot papers 17

3. Characteristics associated with votes for Leave and Remain 18

3.1 Voting behaviour 19 3.2 Highest qualification and age 20 3.3 Socio-economic indicators and immigration 21 3.4 Rural and urban 22

4. Turnout 24 4.1 Relationships between turnout and age, and Leave votes? 26 4.2 The weather 26

5. Opinion polls 27

6. Timeline of key events 28

7. Previous referendums 29

8. Data tables 30 8.1 England 30 8.2 Wales 37 8.3 Scotland 38 8.4 Northern Ireland 39

Contributing authors Paul Bolton (the weather) Matt Keep (maps) Richard Keen and Feargal McGuiness (data)

Cover page image copyright: Verification underway, by Epping Forest District Council. Licensed by CC 2.0 / image cropped.

3 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Summary In a UK wide referendum on 23 June 2016, voters were asked if they wanted the UK to remain a member of the European Union (EU) or leave the European Union.

• There were 17.4 million votes for ‘Leave’ (51.9%).

• There were 16.1 million votes for ‘Remain’ (48.1%).

• Votes for Leave and Remain were not evenly distributed across the UK. Leave won the highest share of the vote in England and Wales, while Remain won the highest share in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

• Out of the 12 counting regions (including Northern Ireland),1 nine recorded more than 50% of the vote for Leave, and three recorded more than 50% of the vote for Remain.

• The highest vote share for Leave (76%) was recorded in Boston (Lincolnshire). The highest vote share for Remain (96%) was recorded in Gibraltar.

• The proportion of people in a local authority who voted Leave was strongly related to the proportion that voted for UKIP in the 2014 European Parliament election, and to the proportion of non-graduates. Relationships between Leave votes and other selected socio-economic indicators were weaker at local authority level.

• In England, urban areas were more likely to record higher vote shares for Remain than rural areas. High vote shares for Leave, however, were found in both urban and rural areas.

• Turnout was 72.2% across the UK. This was higher than at the 2015 General Election (66.2%) but lower than turnout at the 2014 Scottish independence referendum (84.6%).

• The highest turnout was recorded in Gibraltar (83.5%) and the lowest in Lagan Valley (Northern Ireland) (48.9%). The highest turnout (83.5%) in the UK was recorded in Chiltern (Buckinghamshire).

1 Northern Ireland was a counting area rather than a counting region but due to its

size, and the fact that data has been released by constituencies within Northern Ireland, it is included in the discussion of regions.

4 European Union Referendum 2016

1. The referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU

On Thursday 23 June 2016, a referendum was held across the UK on the question:

Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?

51.9% of votes were to leave the EU.

The referendum was first announced by Prime Minister David Cameron on 23 January 2013. He said that if a Conservative Government was elected to power following the General Election of 2015, it would hold a national referendum on European Union (EU) membership, framed on an in/out question, during the next Parliament.

Shortly after the election, the new Conservative Government introduced the European Union Referendum Bill 2015-16, which provided for the referendum to be held before the end of 2017. The date for the referendum was set in regulations introduced in February 2016.

The franchise for the referendum was defined by the European Union Referendum Act 2015. It was based on the franchise used for UK Parliament elections, but additionally entitled Commonwealth citizens resident in Gibraltar and peers to vote.

Votes were counted in ‘counting areas’, which in most cases were local authorities with electoral registration responsibilities (single tier authorities and lower tier authorities in two tier areas). There were 382 counting areas: 380 in Great Britain, one in Northern Ireland and one in Gibraltar.

Votes were counted in eight locations in Northern Ireland but collated and declared as one result. Local results were collated for 11 counting regions, which were the same regions used for the European Parliament elections.

The Chief Counting Officer, Jenny Watson, who is the Chair of the Electoral Commission, declared the national result from the national referendum count event held in Manchester on Friday 24 May at 07:51.

Box 1: Results data

The results data used in this paper are as published by the Electoral Commission. Results by counting area and region are available to download from the Electoral Commission’s website, http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/upcoming-elections-and-referendums/eu-referendum/electorate-and-count-information Other data used for analysis in this Briefing Paper are published (online) in the accompanying dataset.

The Parliamentary franchise includes British citizens, Irish citizens and qualifying Commonwealth citizens. British citizens living abroad can vote for up to 15 years after they were last registered in the UK.

5 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

2. Results A total of 33,577,342 people voted in the referendum, a turnout of 72.2%. The Leave vote won by a 3.8 percentage point margin.

The figures below show the total number of votes cast, and the national share of the vote, for Leave and Remain.

Votes for Leave and Remain were not evenly distributed across the UK. Leave won the highest share of the vote in England and Wales, while Remain won the highest share of the vote in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Within England, London was the only region where Remain won a majority.

The highest vote share for Leave (76%) was recorded in Boston (Lincolnshire). The highest vote share for Remain (96%) was recorded in Gibraltar.

National result

Votes cast % of valid

votes Leave 17,410,742 51.9%Remain 16,141,241 48.1%Winning margin for 'Leave' 1,269,501 3.8%

Total valid votes 33,551,983Rejected papers 25,359Total votes cast 33,577,342

Proportion of the vote across the UK

Leave (%) Remain (%)England 53.4% 46.6%Wales 52.5% 47.5%Scotland 38.0% 62.0%Northern Ireland 44.2% 55.8%

6 European Union Referendum 2016

7 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

8 European Union Referendum 2016

9 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

2.1 Analysis of results by counting region (including Northern Ireland)

Leave won more than 50% of the vote in all counting regions except for three: London, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The West Midlands saw the highest share of the vote for Leave (59.3%), and Scotland the lowest (38.0%).

Turnout was highest in the South East, and the South West and Gibraltar (76.7%), and lowest in Northern Ireland (62.7%).

The figure below shows the net share of the vote for Leave in each counting region. The net share of the vote for Leave was highest in the West Midlands and lowest in Scotland.

Results by region, ranked by highest vote share for Leave

Counting region Remain LeaveRejected

votes

Total votes cast (incl. rejected)

Remain (% of valid votes)

Leave (% of valid votes)

Turnout (valid

votes as % of

electorate)

Turnup (total

votes cast as % of

electorate) Electorate

West Midlands 1,207,175 1,755,687 2,507 2,965,369 40.7% 59.3% 72.0% 72.0% 4,116,572East Midlands 1,033,036 1,475,479 1,981 2,510,496 41.2% 58.8% 74.1% 74.2% 3,384,299North East 562,595 778,103 689 1,341,387 42.0% 58.0% 69.3% 69.3% 1,934,341Yorkshire and the Humber 1,158,298 1,580,937 1,937 2,741,172 42.3% 57.7% 70.6% 70.7% 3,877,780East of England 1,448,616 1,880,367 2,329 3,331,312 43.5% 56.5% 75.7% 75.7% 4,398,796North West 1,699,020 1,966,925 2,682 3,668,627 46.3% 53.7% 69.9% 70.0% 5,241,568South West and Gibraltar 1,503,019 1,669,711 2,179 3,174,909 47.4% 52.6% 76.7% 76.7% 4,138,134Wales 772,347 854,572 1,135 1,628,054 47.5% 52.5% 71.7% 71.7% 2,270,272South East 2,391,718 2,567,965 3,427 4,963,110 48.2% 51.8% 76.7% 76.8% 6,465,404Northern Ireland 440,707 349,442 374 790,523 55.8% 44.2% 62.7% 62.7% 1,260,955London 2,263,519 1,513,232 4,453 3,781,204 59.9% 40.1% 69.6% 69.7% 5,424,768Scotland 1,661,191 1,018,322 1,666 2,681,179 62.0% 38.0% 67.2% 67.2% 3,987,112

United Kingdom 16,141,241 17,410,742 25,359 33,577,342 48.1% 51.9% 72.2% 72.2% 46,500,001

West Midlands

East Midlands

North East

Yorkshire and the Humber

East of England

North West

South West and Gibraltar

Wales

South East

Northern Ireland

London

Scotland

UK average3.78%

-25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Net Leave vote by region (%)(Leave % - Remain %)

10 European Union Referendum 2016

As the number of voters varies by region, not all regions contributed equally to the overall national result: regions where more votes were counted had a greater impact on the final outcome. The figure below shows the weight of the contribution each region made to the final result. The South East counted the highest number of votes overall, and also the highest number of both Leave and Remain votes.

2.2 Analysis of results by counting area Out of the 382 voting areas, 258 recorded a vote share for Leave that was higher than 50%. Leave won 60% or more of the vote in 105 of these counting areas, and 70% or more in 14 of them.

Remain won more than 50% of the vote in 115 counting areas. 46 of these recorded a Remain vote share of 60% or more, and 16 counting areas (10 of which in London) recorded a Remain vote share of 70% or more.

The table below shows the highest level of support for Leave and Remain across all counting areas (including constituencies in Northern Ireland).

0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15%

Northern Ireland

North East

Wales

Scotland

East Midlands

London

Yorkshire and the Humber

South West and Gibraltar

West Midlands

East of England

North West

South East

Regional results as share of the national vote

Note: in this chart, 100% equals the sum of Leave plus Remain votes across all regions

LeaveRemain

Highest share of the vote for Leave and Remain

1 Boston 75.6% 1 Gibraltar 95.9%

2 South Holland 73.6% 2 Lambeth 78.6%

3 Castle Point 72.7% 3 Hackney 78.5%

4 Thurrock 72.3% 4 Foyle 78.0%

5 Great Yarmouth 71.5% 5 Haringey 75.6%

6 Fenland 71.4% 6 City of London 75.3%

7 Mansfield 70.9% 7 Islington 75.2%

8 Bolsover 70.8% 8 Wandsworth 75.0%

9 East Lindsey 70.7% 9 Camden 74.9%

10 NE Lincolnshire 69.9% 10 Edinburgh 74.4%

Top 10 counting areas voting Remain (%)

Top 10 counting areas voting Leave (%)

11 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

The vote was close (with either Leave or Remain winning by a margin of between 0 and 5 percentage points) in 75 counting areas. The most frequent margin was a 5-10 percentage point lead for Leave, which was recorded in 48 counting areas.

In the East In the East, Castle Point recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Cambridge for Remain. Out of the 46 counting areas in the East, 5 recorded a vote share higher than 50% for Remain.

Turnout was highest in St. Albans (82%), and lowest in Luton (66%).

0 10 20 30 40 50

-55 to -50%

-50 to -45%

-45 to -40%

-40 to -35%

-35 to -30%

-30 to -25%

-25 to -20%

-20 to -15%

-15 to -10%

-10 to -5%

-5 to 0%

0%

0 to 5%

5 to 10%

10 to 15%

15 to 20%

20 to 25%

25 to 30%

30 to 35%

35 to 40%

40 to 45%

45 to 50%

50 to 55%

Number of counting areas

Net Leave vote (% points), number of counting areas

1 Castle Point 72.7% 1 Cambridge 73.8%2 Thurrock 72.3% 2 St Albans 62.7%

3 Great Yarmouth 71.5%3 South

Cambridgeshire 60.2%4 Fenland 71.4% 4 Norwich 56.2%5 Tendring 69.5% 5 North Hertfordshire 54.4%6 Basildon 68.6% 6 Watford 49.7%7 Harlow 68.1% 7 East Hertfordshire 49.6%8 Rochford 66.6% 8 Dacorum 49.3%9 King's Lynn and West

Norfolk 66.4% 9 Uttlesford 49.3%10 Broxbourne 66.3% 10 Hertsmere 49.2%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

12 European Union Referendum 2016

In the East Midlands In the East Midlands, Boston recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Rushcliffe for Remain. Leave won more than 50% of the vote in 38 out of the 40 counting areas in the East Midlands.

Turnout was highest in Derbyshire Dales (82%), and lowest in Nottingham (62%).

In London In London, Havering recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Lambeth for Remain. Leave won more than 50% of the vote in 5 out of the 33 counting areas in London.

Turnout was highest in Richmond upon Thames (82%), and lowest in Newham (59%).

1 Boston 75.6% 1 Rushcliffe 57.6%2 South Holland 73.6% 2 Leicester 51.1%3 Mansfield 70.9% 3 High Peak 49.5%4 Bolsover 70.8% 4 Rutland 49.4%5 East Lindsey 70.7% 5 Harborough 49.3%6 Ashfield 69.8% 6 Nottingham 49.2%7 Bassetlaw 67.8% 7 Derbyshire Dales 48.4%8 Corby 64.2% 8 Charnwood 46.2%

9 North East Derbyshire 62.8%9 South

Northamptonshire 45.7%10 Wellingborough 62.4% 10 Oadby and Wigston 45.4%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

1 Havering 69.7% 1 Lambeth 78.6%2 Bexley 63.0% 2 Hackney 78.5%3 Barking and

Dagenham 62.4% 3 Haringey 75.6%4 Hillingdon 56.4% 4 City of London 75.3%5 Sutton 53.7% 5 Islington 75.2%6 Bromley 49.4% 6 Wandsworth 75.0%7 Hounslow 48.9% 7 Camden 74.9%8 Newham 47.2% 8 Southwark 72.8%

9 Redbridge 46.0%9 Hammersmith and

Fulham 70.0%10 Croydon 45.7% 10 Lewisham 69.9%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

13 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

In the North East In the North East, Hartlepool recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Newcastle upon Tyne for Remain. Remain won more than 50% of the vote in 1 out of the 12 counting areas in the North East.

Turnout was highest in Northumberland (74%), and lowest in Sunderland (65%).

In the North West In the North West, Blackpool recorded the highest vote share fore Leave, and Manchester for Remain. Remain won a vote share over 50% in 7 out of the 39 counting areas in the North West.

Turnout was highest in South Lakeland (80%), and lowest in Manchester (60%).

1 Hartlepool 69.6% 1 Newcastle upon Tyne 50.7%2 Redcar and Cleveland 66.2% 2 North Tyneside 46.6%3 Middlesbrough 65.5% 3 Northumberland 45.9%4 South Tyneside 62.0% 4 Darlington 43.8%5 Stockton-on-Tees 61.7% 5 Gateshead 43.2%6 Sunderland 61.3% 6 Durham 42.5%7 Durham 57.5% 7 Sunderland 38.7%8 Gateshead 56.8% 8 Stockton-on-Tees 38.3%9 Darlington 56.2% 9 South Tyneside 38.0%10 Northumberland 54.1% 10 Middlesbrough 34.5%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

1 Blackpool 67.5% 1 Manchester 60.4%2 Burnley 66.6% 2 Liverpool 58.2%3 Hyndburn 66.2% 3 Trafford 57.7%4 Wigan 63.9% 4 South Lakeland 52.9%5 Wyre 63.8% 5 Stockport 52.3%6 Pendle 63.2% 6 Sefton 51.9%7 Copeland 62.0% 7 Wirral 51.7%

8 Tameside 61.1%8 Cheshire West and

Chester 49.3%9 Oldham 60.9% 9 Lancaster 48.9%10 Rossendale 60.7% 10 Cheshire East 48.8%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

14 European Union Referendum 2016

In Scotland In Scotland, Moray recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Edinburgh for Remain. Remain won the most votes in all counting areas in Scotland.

Turnout was highest in East Renfrewshire (76%), and lowest in Glasgow City (56%).

In the South East In the South East, Gravesham recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Oxford for Remain. Remain won more than 50% of the vote in 24 of the 68 counting areas in the South East.

Turnout was highest in Chiltern (83%), and lowest in Slough (62%).

1 Moray 49.9% 1 Edinburgh 74.4%2 Dumfries and

Galloway 46.9% 2 East Renfrewshire 74.3%3 Aberdeenshire 45.0% 3 East Dunbartonshire 71.4%4 Eilean Siar 44.8% 4 Stirling 67.7%5 Angus 44.7% 5 Glasgow City 66.6%6 Highland 44.0% 6 Renfrewshire 64.8%7 Shetland Islands 43.5% 7 East Lothian 64.6%8 Falkirk 43.2% 8 Inverclyde 63.8%9 North Ayrshire 43.1% 9 Orkney Islands 63.2%10 Clackmannanshire 42.2% 10 South Lanarkshire 63.1%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

1 Gravesham 65.4% 1 Oxford 70.3%

2 Dartford 64.2% 2 Brighton and Hove 68.6%

3 Medway 64.1% 3 Elmbridge 59.5%

4 Gosport 63.9% 4 Winchester 58.9%

5 Thanet 63.8% 5 Waverley 58.4%

6 Arun 62.5% 6 Reading 58.0%

7 Swale 62.5% 7 Vale of White Horse 56.7%

8 Havant 62.4% 8 Wokingham 56.7%

9 Shepway 62.2% 9 Guildford 56.2%

10 Dover 62.2% 10 Woking 56.2%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

15 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

In the South West and Gibraltar In the South West and Gibraltar, Torbay recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Gibraltar for Remain, followed by Bristol. Remain won more than 50% of the vote in 10 out of the 38 counting areas in the South West and Gibraltar.

Turnout was highest in Gibraltar (84%), and lowest in Bournemouth (69%).

In Wales In Wales, Blaenau Gwent recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Cardiff recorded the highest vote share for Remain. Leave won a vote share of over 50% in 17 out of the 22 counting areas in Wales.

Turnout was highest in Monmouthshire (78%), and lowest in Merthyr Tydfil (67%).

1 Torbay 63.2% 1 Gibraltar 95.9%2 Sedgemoor 61.2% 2 Bristol 61.7%3 Weymouth and

Portland 61.0%3 Bath and North East

Somerset 57.9%4 Torridge 60.8% 4 Isles of Scilly 56.4%5 West Somerset 60.6% 5 Cheltenham 56.2%6 Plymouth 59.9% 6 Exeter 55.3%7 Purbeck 59.1% 7 Stroud 54.6%8 Christchurch 58.8% 8 South Hams 52.9%9 Forest of Dean 58.6% 9 Cotswold 51.1%10 Gloucester 58.5% 10 Mendip 51.1%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

1 Blaenau Gwent 62.0% 1 Cardiff 60.0%

2 Torfaen 59.8% 2 Gwynedd 58.1%

3 Wrexham 59.0% 3 Ceredigion 54.6%

4 Caerphilly 57.6% 4 Vale of Glamorgan 50.7%

5 Pembrokeshire 57.1% 5 Monmouthshire 50.4%

6 Neath Port Talbot 56.8% 6 Isle of Anglesey 49.1%

7 Merthyr Tydfil 56.4% 7 Swansea 48.5%

8 Flintshire 56.4% 8 Rhondda Cynon Taf 46.3%

9 Newport 56.0% 9 Powys 46.3%

10 Bridgend 54.6% 10 Carmarthenshire 46.3%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

16 European Union Referendum 2016

In the West Midlands In the West Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Warwick for Remain. Leave won more than 50% of the vote in 29 out of the 30 counting areas in the West Midlands.

Turnout was highest in Wychavon (81%), and lowest in Birmingham (64%).

In Yorkshire and the Humber In Yorkshire and the Humber, North East Lincolnshire recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and York for Remain. Leave won more than 50% of the vote in 18 out of the 21 counting areas in Yorkshire and the Humber.

Turnout was highest in Craven (81%), and lowest in Kingston upon Hull (63%).

1 Stoke-on-Trent 69.4% 1 Warwick 58.8%2 Cannock Chase 68.9% 2 Birmingham 49.6%3 Walsall 67.9% 3 Stratford-on-Avon 48.4%4 Dudley 67.6% 4 Malvern Hills 47.8%5 Tamworth 67.5% 5 Worcester 46.3%6 North Warwickshire 66.9% 6 Bromsgrove 44.6%7 Sandwell 66.7% 7 Coventry 44.4%8 Nuneaton and

Bedworth 66.0% 8 Stafford 44.0%9 South Staffordshire 64.8% 9 Solihull 43.8%10 Staffordshire

Moorlands 64.7% 10 Rugby 43.3%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

1 North East Lincolnshire 69.9% 1 York 58.0%

2 Doncaster 69.0% 2 Harrogate 51.0%3 Barnsley 68.3% 3 Leeds 50.3%4 Rotherham 67.9% 4 Sheffield 49.0%5 Kingston upon Hull 67.6% 5 Craven 47.2%6 Wakefield 66.4% 6 Hambleton 46.3%7 North Lincolnshire 66.3% 7 Bradford 45.8%8 Scarborough 62.0% 8 Kirklees 45.3%9 East Riding of

Yorkshire 60.4% 9 Ryedale 44.7%10 Selby 59.2% 10 Calderdale 44.3%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (counting areas)

Leave Remain

17 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

In constituencies in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland was one counting area in the referendum, but results have been published at constituency level by the Electoral Office for Northern Ireland. North Antrim recorded the highest vote share for Leave, and Foyle for Remain. Leave won more than 50% of the vote in 7 out of the 18 constituency areas.

Turnout was highest in South Antrim (68%) and lowest in Lagan Valley (49%).

2.3 Spoilt ballot papers The proportion of spoilt ballot papers varied from 0.00% in the Isles of Scilly (where there were no spoilt ballot papers) to 0.24% in Leicester. 7 out of the 10 counting areas with the highest number of spoilt ballot papers were in London.

1 North Antrim 62.2% 1 Foyle 78.3%

2 Strangford 55.5% 2 Belfast West 74.1%

3 East Antrim 55.2% 3 Belfast South 69.5%

4 Lagan Valley 53.1% 4 South Down 67.2%

5 Upper Bann 52.6% 5 West Tyrone 66.8%

6 Belfast East 51.4% 6 Newry & Armagh 63.1%

7 South Antrim 50.6% 7 Mid Ulster 60.4%

8 Belfast North 49.6%8 Fermanagh & South

Tyrone 58.6%

9 East Londonderry 48.0% 9 North Down 52.4%

10 North Down 47.6% 10 East Londonderry 52.0%

Highest vote shares for Remain and Leave (constituencies)

Leave Remain

1 Leicester 0.24%

2 Brent 0.22%

3 Haringey 0.18%

4 Orkney Islands 0.18%

5 Lambeth 0.17%

6 Tower Hamlets 0.17%

7 Luton 0.16%

8 Camden 0.16%

9 Newham 0.16%

10 Westminster 0.16%

Top 10 counting areas, spoilt ballots

18 European Union Referendum 2016

3. Characteristics associated with votes for Leave and Remain

The referendum result suggests the UK is split almost down the middle on the issue of Europe. Polls before and after the referendum have attempted to analyse this split; who are the people who voted Leave and Remain? The analysis below shows there are clear relationships between the proportion of people in a local authority who voted Leave and the proportion voting UKIP in the 2014 European Parliament election, and between the proportion of Leave votes and the proportion of non-graduates. Weaker relationships exist between Leave votes and social grade, and immigration (where higher levels of immigration are associated with lower levels of Leave votes).

The Telegraph summarised pre-referendum polling findings that suggested associations between intentions to vote Leave and age (60+), political party support (UKIP), social grade (C2DE) and level of education (non-graduate). Conversely, polls also found associations between intentions to vote Remain and age (18-29), political party support (Green), social grade (ABC1) and level of education (graduate).2

Lord Ashcroft carried out a post-referendum poll that supports these suggestions.3 This poll also found that the main reason people gave for voting Leave was “the principle that decisions about the UK should be taken in the UK”. The main reason people gave for voting Remain was “the risks of voting to leave the EU looked too great when it came to things like the economy, jobs and prices”. People who voted Leave and Remain were also found to have opposing views on the desirability of developments like multiculturalism, social liberalism, feminism, and the internet.

Ballots are secret, but some of these polling findings are confirmed by the following analysis of the relationship between selected social characteristics and voting patterns, looking at their prevalence at local authority level.

Referendum results are not available at local authority level for Northern Ireland, and Census data is not available for Gibraltar; the analysis below focuses on Great Britain. Deprivation is analysed only in England: data on deprivation in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are not suitable for comparison.

2 ‘EU referendum: which type of person wants to leave, and who will be voting to

remain?’, The Telegraph, 22 June 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/22/eu-referendum-which-type-of-person-wants-to-leave-and-who-will-b/

3 ‘How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday… and why’, Lord Ashcroft Polls, 24 June 2016, http://lordashcroftpolls.com/2016/06/how-the-united-kingdom-voted-and-why/

Social grade is a widely used measure to classify the population on the basis of occupation. Grades ABC1 refer to people in professional and managerial roles; grades C2DE refer to people in skilled, semi- or non-skilled manual jobs, the unemployed, casual workers and pensioners.

19 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Box 2: Data

The analysis uses Census data on age, highest qualification obtained and social grade. The Census is a ten-yearly population count that covers all people who are usually resident in the UK. It was last held in 2011. Data from Library Briefing Paper 14/32 European Parliament election 2014 is used to analyse voting behaviour. The Department for Communities and Local Government ranks local authorities in England in terms of how they perform on indices of deprivation, where 1 is the most deprived and 326 is the least deprived. This data is used to analyse deprivation. HMRC estimates of child poverty (August 2013) and households claiming tax credits (April 2016) – proportion calculated using the Annual Population Survey January-December 2014 – were used to analyse socio-economic background. The ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings provides information on median earnings by local authority, and the ONS Nomis claimant count dataset provides an estimate of the proportion of Job Seeker’s Allowance claimants by local authority (May 2016). ONS data is used for the proportion of population by country of birth by local authority (August 2015).

3.1 Voting behaviour The charts below show a strong relationship between the proportion of people who voted Leave and the proportion who voted for UKIP in the 2014 European Parliament election.4

A weaker relationship exists between the proportion of people in a local authority who voted for the Green Party in 2014 and the proportion voting Remain. Note that the proportion of people voting Green in any local authority did not exceed 24.5%.

No significant relationships exist between the proportion of people who voted for Labour or the Conservative Party and the proportion of people voting Leave. This suggests a split in the support base of these parties on the issue of the EU (and related topics).

4 The characteristics of people who vote UKIP are discussed in more detail in Library

Briefing Paper 5125 Membership of UK political parties and in Steven Ayres, Common Threads Among UKIP Voters, 2014, https://commonslibraryblog.com/2014/10/10/common-threads-among-ukip-voters/

20 European Union Referendum 2016

Voting behaviour: voting patterns at the 2014 European Parliament elections and vote

shares for Leave (red) and Remain (blue)

3.2 Highest qualification and age The charts below show a strong correlation between the proportion of non-graduates in a local authority and the proportion voting Leave. The relationship between age and voting Leave or Remain was weak. Note that the proportion of people aged over 60 did not exceed 38% in any local authority. Likewise, the proportion of people aged 18-29 did not exceed 32% in any local authority.

21 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Highest qualification and age and vote shares for Leave (red) and Remain (blue)

3.3 Socio-economic indicators and immigration

The charts below show a relationship between the proportion of people in social grade C2DE (manual and casual workers, the unemployed and pensioners) in a local authority and the proportion of people voting Leave.

A weaker (negative) relationship exists between the median weekly earnings in local authorities and the proportion of people voting Leave. There is no obvious relationship between the rank of a local authority in terms of deprivation and vote shares for Leave. There is a weak relationship between the proportion of households claiming tax credits in a local authority, and the proportion of people voting Leave.

A (negative) relationship exists between the proportion of the population that is foreign-born, an indication of immigration, and the vote share for Leave.5

5 Data on immigration is not available for Ryedale, Derbyshire Dales, Hinckley and

Bosworth, North Warwickshire, City of London, Isles of Scilly, West Somerset and Rossendale. These local authorities are excluded from the analysis.

22 European Union Referendum 2016

Socio-economic indicators: social grade, deprivation, earnings, tax credit claimants and

immigration, and vote shares for Leave (red) and Remain (blue)

There is no obvious relationship between the proportion of people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance, and the proportion of people voting Leave in a local authority. Likewise, there is no obvious relationship between the proportion of children living in low income households in a local authority, and the proportion of people voting Leave.

This suggests that votes for Leave and Remain are not strongly related to this set of socio-economic indicators individually.

3.4 Rural and urban In England, urban areas recorded slightly higher vote shares for Remain than rural areas. High vote shares for Leave, however, were found in both rural and urban areas.

23 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

The Office for National Statistics has classified English local authorities into six groups according to their rurality: mainly rural (>80% rural), largely rural (>50% rural), urban with significant rural, urban with city and town, urban with minor conurbation, and urban with major conurbation.

Among the 144 local authorities in rural categories, 25 (17%) recorded a Remain vote share greater than 50%. 44 (31%) recorded a Leave vote of 60% or more.

Out of the 181 local authorities in the three urban classifications, 54 (30%) recorded a Remain vote share greater than 50%. 59 (33%) recorded a Leave vote share of 60% or more.

In the most urban category, Remain took over 50% of the vote in a higher number of local authorities (38 out of 75) than Leave (34 out of 75).

As the table below shows, high vote shares for Leave were found across local authority types.

Local authority ClassificationLeave

votes (%)Boston Urban with Significant Rural 75.6%South Holland Largely Rural 73.6%Castle Point Urban with City and Town 72.7%Thurrock Urban with Major Conurbation 72.3%Great Yarmouth Urban with Significant Rural 71.5%Fenland Largely Rural 71.4%Mansfield Urban with City and Town 70.9%Bolsover Urban with Significant Rural 70.8%East Lindsey Mainly Rural 70.7%NE Lincolnshire Urban with City and Town 69.9%

Top ten vote shares for Leave, by local authority type

24 European Union Referendum 2016

4. Turnout Turnout across the UK was 72.2%. This was higher than turnout at the 2015 General Election (66.2%) and the most recent national referendum, on the introduction of the Alternative Vote electoral system, held in 2011 (42.0%). It was also higher than turnout at the previous referendum on the EU (then the EEC) in 1975 (64.0%). However, it was not as high as turnout at the Scottish independence referendum held in 2014 (84.6%).

Turnout at general elections was higher than the 2016 referendum turnout between 1950 and 1992, with the exception of 1970 (72.0%).

Across the UK, turnout in the referendum was 73.0% in England, 71.7% in Wales, 67.2% in Scotland, and 62.7% in Northern Ireland.

Among the counting regions, turnout was highest in the South East and the South West and Gibraltar (76.7%), and lowest in the North East (69.3%).

The table below shows turnout varied across local authorities in Great Britain and constituencies in Northern Ireland. Six out of the ten areas with the lowest turnout were in Northern Ireland.

Turnout by region, ranked highest to lowest

Counting region

Remain (% of valid votes)

Leave (% of valid votes)

Turnout (valid votes

as % of electorate) Electorate

South East 48.2% 51.8% 76.7% 6,465,404 South West and Gibraltar 47.4% 52.6% 76.7% 4,138,134 East of England 43.5% 56.5% 75.7% 4,398,796 East Midlands 41.2% 58.8% 74.1% 3,384,299 West Midlands 40.7% 59.3% 72.0% 4,116,572 Wales 47.5% 52.5% 71.7% 2,270,272 Yorkshire and the Humber 42.3% 57.7% 70.6% 3,877,780 North West 46.3% 53.7% 69.9% 5,241,568 London 59.9% 40.1% 69.6% 5,424,768 North East 42.0% 58.0% 69.3% 1,934,341 Scotland 62.0% 38.0% 67.2% 3,987,112 Northern Ireland 55.8% 44.2% 62.7% 1,260,955

United Kingdom 48.1% 51.9% 72.2% 46,500,001

Highest and lowest turnout, by counting area

1 Gibraltar 83.5% 1 Lagan Valley 48.9%

2 Chiltern 83.5% 2 Glasgow City 56.2%

3 Hart 82.6% 3 Belfast North 57.2%

4 St Albans 82.4% 4 Strangford 57.4%

5 Waverley 82.3% 5 Newham 59.2%

6 Mole Valley 82.1% 6 Manchester 59.7%

7 Richmond upon Thames 82.0% 7 Belfast East 59.7%

8 Derbyshire Dales 81.9% 8 North Lanarkshire 60.9%

9 Horsham 81.6% 9 North Down 61.6%

10 East Hampshire 81.6% 10 Foyle 61.7%

Top 10 highest turnout Top 10 lowest turnout

25 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

26 European Union Referendum 2016

4.1 Relationships between turnout and age, and Leave votes?

The charts below show that there was a weak relationship between the proportion of people aged over 60 in a local authority, and the proportion of people turning out to vote. There was no significant relationship between higher turnout levels and higher levels of support for Leave.

4.2 The weather There is no evidence to suggest weather impacts on turnout, but the link has long been the subject of speculation.

On 23 June 2016, there were thunderstorms overnight and into the morning, particularly in the South East of the country. These were accompanied by spells of particularly heavy rain which caused flash flooding in London and South East England. Polling stations in Kingston and Barking had to close due to flooding before new locations were found.

The wettest place in the country was South Farnborough where 55 mm or two inches of rain fell in the 24 hours to 2100 on 23 June.6 This was more than the average rainfall for the whole month in this region.7

Manston in Kent was the warmest at 25oC. Katesbridge in Northern Ireland the coldest with a minimum of 3oC.

5 June 1975, the date of the EC Membership referendum, was drier than 23 June 2016 and around 3oC cooler on average across the country.8

6 Met Office UK weather –last 24 hours (24 June 2016) 7 Met Office Hadley Centre Observation Data (UK precipitation series) 8 Based on daily England and Wales precipitation series and daily mean Central

England Temperature series; http://hadobs.metoffice.gov.uk/

27 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

5. Opinion polls Opinion polls tracking voting intentions for the EU referendum were regularly published from 4 September 2015 up until polling day.9 The chart below shows polling trends over this period (including all polls where fieldwork was carried out before the polling day). The trend lines show the average of the last ten polls (each individual set of poll findings is shown as dots).

Most polls published close to polling day suggested a Remain win, and YouGov’s polling day poll, based on a sample of people who had already voted, also predicted a 52% win for Remain.

Polling methodology had received media attention in the run up to the referendum, after opinion polls had suggested an outcome that differed from the actual result in the 2015 General Election. Before the referendum, commentators noted the difference between polling findings in online and telephone polls.10 The chart below shows how online and telephone polls suggested different levels of support for Leave between September 2015 and June 2016.

It is not clear whether online of phone polls provided a more reliable indication of the referendum result. However, it is clear that most polls got it wrong.

9 See What UK Thinks EU for details of all published polls. The Telegraph and BBC

News have published regularly updated poll-trackers. 10 See ‘Why the difference between phone and online in EU referendum polling’,

YouGov, 23 February 2016

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sep 15 Oct 15 Nov 15 Dec 15 Jan 16 Feb 16 Mar 16 Apr 16 May 16 Jun 16Source: BBC News EU referendum poll tracker, What UK Thinks

EU referendum polling data: % leave / remain/ don't know

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

September November January March May

Monthly polling averages for Leaveonline phone

Source: BBC News EU referendum poll tracker, What UK Thinks

Polling companies aim for samples that are representative of the population, and they weight their data to achieve more representative results. These methodological decisions impact on the polling information they publish.

28 European Union Referendum 2016

6. Timeline of key events • 23 January 2013: Prime Minister David Cameron promised a

referendum if the Conservative Party were to win the next general election;

• During the 2013/14 and 2014/15 Sessions, Conservative MPs introduced Private Members Bills to introduce a referendum on EU membership based on a draft European Union (Referendum) Bill published by the Conservative Party on 14 May 2013;

• 27 May 2015: the European Union Referendum Bill was announced in the Queen’s Speech, and introduced the day after. It had its Second Reading on 9 June 2015 and received the Royal Assent on 17 December 2015;

• 7 September 2015: the referendum question was changed to ‘Should the UK remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union’, in line with the Electoral Commission’s recommendations;

• 19 February 2016: Prime Minister David Cameron completed his negotiations with the other EU countries to reform the UK’s relationship with the EU;

• 22 February 2016: regulations setting the date of the referendum (and other details) were laid before Parliament, and made on 3 March 2016;

• 13 April 2016: the Electoral Commission designated Vote Leave and The In Campaign as ‘lead campaign organisations’;

• 15 April 2016: the referendum period, during which controls applied to the campaign, started. The ‘purdah’ period, during which public bodies were restricted from publishing information related to the referendum, started on 27 May;

• 7 June 2016: the deadline to register to vote in the referendum. Following technical issues, it was extended to 9 June;

• 23 June 2016: polling day.

Lead campaign organisations are entitled to benefits including higher spending limits, public funding, and referendum broadcasts

29 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

7. Previous referendums The table below summarises referendums that have taken place in the UK since 1975 at a national or regional level. The table does not include referendums held at local authority level.

Summary of referendums since 1975

Subject of referendumRelevant area Date Outcome

Winning vote share Turnout

Continued membership of the European Community UK June 1975

UK remained in European Community 67.2% 64.0%

Devolution Scotland March 1979

Devolution did not proceed (threshold requirement not met) 51.6% 63.6%

Devolution Wales March 1979Devolution did not proceed 79.7% 58.8%

Devolution Scotland September 1997

Scottish Parliament established 74.3% 60.2%

Tax-varying powers for Scottish Parliament Scotland September 1997

Scottish Parliament given tax-raising powers 63.5% 60.2%

Devolution Wales September 1997

National Assembly for Wales established 50.3% 50.1%

Establishment of Greater London Authority London May 1998

Greater London Authority established 72.0% 34.0%

Good Friday AgreementNorthern Ireland May 1998

Support given for provisions of Agreement 71.1% 81.0%

Establishment of elected Regional Assembly

North East England November 2004

Elected Regional Assembly not established 77.9% 47.1%

Expansion of Welsh Assembly law making powers Wales March 2011

National Assembly for Wales given greater law making powers 63.5% 35.2%

Voting system UK May 2011

Alternative Vote system rejected 67.9% 42.0%

Scottish independence Scotland September 2014Independence rejected 55.3% 84.5%

Source: Commons Library Briefing Papers 14/50 Scottish independence referendum 2014, 11/44 Alternative Vote referendum 2011

30 European Union Referendum 2016

8. Data tables

8.1 England

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

East

Babergh 29,933 54.19% 25,309 45.81% 30 0.05% 70,628 78.26%Basildon 67,251 68.62% 30,748 31.38% 63 0.06% 132,771 73.86%Bedford 44,569 51.78% 41,497 48.22% 69 0.08% 119,530 72.06%Braintree 52,713 61.13% 33,523 38.87% 67 0.08% 112,562 76.67%Breckland 47,235 64.22% 26,313 35.78% 45 0.06% 98,989 74.34%Brentwood 27,627 59.15% 19,077 40.85% 21 0.04% 58,777 79.50%Broadland 42,268 54.37% 35,469 45.63% 44 0.06% 99,254 78.37%Broxbourne 33,706 66.26% 17,166 33.74% 35 0.07% 68,997 73.78%Cambridge 15,117 26.15% 42,682 73.85% 53 0.09% 80,108 72.22%Castle Point 37,691 72.70% 14,154 27.30% 64 0.12% 68,860 75.38%Central Bedfordshire 89,134 56.13% 69,670 43.87% 90 0.06% 204,004 77.89%Chelmsford 53,249 52.83% 47,545 47.17% 58 0.06% 129,971 77.60%Colchester 51,305 53.60% 44,414 46.40% 63 0.07% 127,520 75.11%Dacorum 43,702 50.67% 42,542 49.33% 63 0.07% 108,965 79.21%East Cambridgeshire 24,487 50.92% 23,599 49.08% 38 0.08% 62,435 77.08%East Hertfordshire 42,994 50.36% 42,372 49.64% 67 0.08% 106,260 80.40%Epping Forest 48,176 62.69% 28,676 37.31% 48 0.06% 100,016 76.89%Fenland 37,571 71.39% 15,055 28.61% 23 0.04% 71,447 73.69%Forest Heath 18,160 64.97% 9,791 35.03% 26 0.09% 38,527 72.62%Great Yarmouth 35,844 71.50% 14,284 28.50% 30 0.06% 72,634 69.06%Harlow 29,602 68.10% 13,867 31.90% 20 0.05% 59,124 73.56%Hertsmere 28,532 50.84% 27,593 49.16% 34 0.06% 73,295 76.62%Huntingdonshire 54,198 54.24% 45,729 45.76% 63 0.06% 128,486 77.82%Ipswich 38,655 58.26% 27,698 41.74% 47 0.07% 91,574 72.51%King's Lynn and West Norfolk 56,493 66.40% 28,587 33.60% 48 0.06% 113,884 74.75%Luton 47,773 56.55% 36,708 43.45% 135 0.16% 127,612 66.31%Maldon 24,302 62.58% 14,529 37.42% 19 0.05% 49,073 79.17%Mid Suffolk 33,794 55.23% 27,391 44.77% 37 0.06% 78,325 78.16%North Hertfordshire 35,438 45.63% 42,234 54.37% 65 0.08% 99,316 78.27%North Norfolk 37,576 58.91% 26,214 41.09% 39 0.06% 83,065 76.84%Norwich 29,040 43.76% 37,326 56.24% 56 0.08% 96,091 69.12%Peterborough 53,216 60.89% 34,176 39.11% 77 0.09% 120,892 72.35%Rochford 34,937 66.61% 17,510 33.39% 32 0.06% 66,589 78.81%South Cambridgeshire 37,061 39.77% 56,128 60.23% 61 0.07% 114,830 81.21%South Norfolk 41,541 51.69% 38,817 48.31% 60 0.07% 102,395 78.54%Southend-on-Sea 54,522 58.08% 39,348 41.92% 69 0.07% 128,856 72.90%St Albans 32,237 37.29% 54,208 62.71% 79 0.09% 104,859 82.51%St Edmundsbury 35,224 56.62% 26,986 43.38% 45 0.07% 81,148 76.72%Stevenage 27,126 59.25% 18,659 40.75% 26 0.06% 62,156 73.70%Suffolk Coastal 41,966 53.00% 37,218 47.00% 42 0.05% 98,195 80.68%Tendring 57,447 69.50% 25,210 30.50% 46 0.06% 111,167 74.40%Three Rivers 27,097 51.27% 25,751 48.73% 48 0.09% 67,380 78.50%Thurrock 57,765 72.28% 22,151 27.72% 34 0.04% 109,897 72.75%Uttlesford 26,324 50.68% 25,619 49.32% 29 0.06% 64,735 80.28%Watford 23,419 50.27% 23,167 49.73% 49 0.11% 65,060 71.68%Waveney 41,290 62.90% 24,356 37.10% 41 0.06% 90,391 72.67%Welwyn Hatfield 31,060 52.99% 27,550 47.01% 31 0.05% 78,146 75.04%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

31 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

East MidlandsAmber Valley 44,501 60.28% 29,319 39.72% 44 0.06% 96,760 76.34%Ashfield 46,720 69.84% 20,179 30.16% 47 0.07% 91,916 72.83%Bassetlaw 43,392 67.83% 20,575 32.17% 36 0.06% 85,547 74.82%Blaby 33,583 59.47% 22,888 40.53% 41 0.07% 73,832 76.54%Bolsover 29,730 70.83% 12,242 29.17% 27 0.06% 58,063 72.33%Boston 22,974 75.56% 7,430 24.44% 12 0.04% 39,363 77.27%Broxtowe 35,754 54.65% 29,672 45.35% 42 0.06% 83,593 78.32%Charnwood 50,672 53.81% 43,500 46.19% 85 0.09% 133,780 70.46%Chesterfield 34,478 60.04% 22,946 39.96% 46 0.08% 79,905 71.92%Corby 20,611 64.25% 11,470 35.75% 16 0.05% 43,313 74.10%Daventry 28,938 58.60% 20,443 41.40% 39 0.08% 61,004 81.01%Derby 69,043 57.22% 51,612 42.78% 117 0.10% 171,246 70.53%Derbyshire Dales 24,095 51.56% 22,633 48.44% 28 0.06% 57,075 81.92%East Lindsey 56,613 70.65% 23,515 29.35% 50 0.06% 107,009 74.93%East Northamptonshire 30,894 58.76% 21,680 41.24% 33 0.06% 68,334 76.99%Erewash 40,739 61.23% 25,791 38.77% 36 0.05% 87,596 75.99%Gedling 37,542 55.55% 30,035 44.45% 58 0.09% 88,298 76.60%Harborough 27,850 50.75% 27,028 49.25% 32 0.06% 67,420 81.44%High Peak 27,717 50.55% 27,116 49.45% 31 0.06% 72,487 75.69%Hinckley and Bosworth 39,501 60.33% 25,969 39.67% 46 0.07% 85,305 76.80%Kettering 32,877 60.99% 21,030 39.01% 33 0.06% 70,570 76.43%Leicester 67,992 48.92% 70,980 51.08% 335 0.24% 213,819 65.15%Lincoln 24,992 56.94% 18,902 43.06% 34 0.08% 63,351 69.34%Mansfield 39,927 70.86% 16,417 29.14% 26 0.05% 77,624 72.62%Melton 17,610 58.11% 12,695 41.89% 22 0.07% 37,273 81.36%Newark and Sherwood 40,516 60.39% 26,571 39.61% 41 0.06% 87,338 76.86%North East Derbyshire 37,235 62.78% 22,075 37.22% 31 0.05% 78,855 75.25%North Kesteven 42,183 62.26% 25,570 37.74% 38 0.06% 86,468 78.40%North West Leicestershire 34,969 60.70% 22,642 39.30% 27 0.05% 73,944 77.95%Northampton 61,454 58.38% 43,805 41.62% 95 0.09% 144,948 72.68%Nottingham 61,343 50.84% 59,318 49.16% 130 0.11% 195,394 61.82%Oadby and Wigston 17,173 54.58% 14,292 45.42% 24 0.08% 42,684 73.77%Rushcliffe 29,888 42.45% 40,522 57.55% 60 0.09% 86,401 81.56%Rutland 11,613 50.57% 11,353 49.43% 18 0.08% 29,390 78.20%South Derbyshire 34,216 60.35% 22,479 39.65% 23 0.04% 73,856 76.80%South Holland 36,423 73.59% 13,074 26.41% 21 0.04% 65,701 75.37%South Kesteven 49,424 59.93% 33,047 40.07% 52 0.06% 105,457 78.25%South Northamptonshire 30,771 54.34% 25,853 45.66% 40 0.07% 71,309 79.46%Wellingborough 25,679 62.42% 15,462 37.58% 37 0.09% 54,572 75.46%West Lindsey 33,847 61.82% 20,906 38.18% 28 0.05% 73,499 74.53%

LondonBarking and Dagenham 46,130 62.44% 27,750 37.56% 61 0.08% 115,812 63.85%Barnet 60,823 37.77% 100,210 62.23% 185 0.11% 223,467 72.14%Bexley 80,886 62.95% 47,603 37.05% 81 0.06% 170,779 75.28%Brent 48,881 40.26% 72,523 59.74% 267 0.22% 186,793 65.14%Bromley 90,034 49.35% 92,398 50.65% 138 0.08% 231,473 78.87%Camden 23,838 25.06% 71,295 74.94% 148 0.16% 145,425 65.52%City of London 1,087 24.71% 3,312 75.29% 6 0.14% 5,987 73.58%Croydon 78,221 45.71% 92,913 54.29% 155 0.09% 245,349 69.81%Ealing 59,017 39.60% 90,024 60.40% 227 0.15% 212,991 70.08%Enfield 60,481 44.18% 76,425 55.82% 150 0.11% 198,387 69.09%Greenwich 52,117 44.41% 65,248 55.59% 105 0.09% 168,967 69.52%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

32 European Union Referendum 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

London (cont)Hackney 22,868 21.52% 83,398 78.48% 156 0.15% 163,284 65.18%Hammersmith and Fulham 24,054 29.98% 56,188 70.02% 105 0.13% 114,863 69.95%Haringey 25,855 24.43% 79,991 75.57% 186 0.18% 150,098 70.64%Harrow 53,183 45.37% 64,042 54.63% 127 0.11% 162,397 72.26%Havering 96,885 69.66% 42,201 30.34% 89 0.06% 183,082 76.02%Hillingdon 74,982 56.37% 58,040 43.63% 148 0.11% 193,033 68.99%Hounslow 56,321 48.94% 58,755 51.06% 132 0.11% 165,050 69.80%Islington 25,180 24.78% 76,420 75.22% 123 0.12% 144,514 70.39%Kensington and Chelsea 17,138 31.31% 37,601 68.69% 62 0.11% 83,042 65.99%Kingston upon Thames 32,737 38.39% 52,533 61.61% 60 0.07% 108,838 78.40%Lambeth 30,340 21.38% 111,584 78.62% 238 0.17% 210,800 67.44%Lewisham 37,518 30.14% 86,955 69.86% 164 0.13% 197,514 63.10%Merton 37,097 37.06% 63,003 62.94% 107 0.11% 136,352 73.49%Newham 49,371 47.16% 55,328 52.84% 165 0.16% 176,985 59.25%Redbridge 59,020 46.03% 69,213 53.97% 164 0.13% 189,843 67.63%Richmond upon Thames 33,410 30.71% 75,396 69.29% 70 0.06% 132,632 82.09%Southwark 35,209 27.19% 94,293 72.81% 175 0.13% 195,875 66.20%Sutton 57,241 53.72% 49,319 46.28% 73 0.07% 140,288 76.01%Tower Hamlets 35,224 32.54% 73,011 67.46% 185 0.17% 167,820 64.60%Waltham Forest 44,395 40.90% 64,156 59.10% 138 0.13% 162,983 66.69%Wandsworth 39,421 24.97% 118,463 75.03% 134 0.08% 219,521 71.98%Westminster 24,268 31.03% 53,928 68.97% 129 0.16% 120,524 64.99%

North EastCounty Durham 153,877 57.55% 113,521 42.45% 148 0.06% 389,507 68.69%Darlington 30,994 56.18% 24,172 43.82% 29 0.05% 77,662 71.07%Gateshead 58,529 56.85% 44,429 43.15% 49 0.05% 145,866 70.62%Hartlepool 32,071 69.57% 14,029 30.43% 34 0.07% 70,341 65.59%Middlesbrough 40,177 65.48% 21,181 34.52% 35 0.06% 94,612 64.89%Newcastle upon Tyne 63,598 49.30% 65,405 50.70% 69 0.05% 190,735 67.67%North Tyneside 60,589 53.40% 52,873 46.60% 45 0.04% 156,993 72.30%Northumberland 96,699 54.11% 82,022 45.89% 94 0.05% 240,496 74.35%Redcar and Cleveland 48,128 66.19% 24,586 33.81% 27 0.04% 103,529 70.26%South Tyneside 49,065 62.05% 30,014 37.95% 38 0.05% 115,893 68.27%Stockton-on-Tees 61,982 61.73% 38,433 38.27% 45 0.04% 141,486 71.00%Sunderland 82,394 61.34% 51,930 38.66% 76 0.06% 207,221 64.86%

North West Allerdale 31,809 58.65% 22,429 41.35% 30 0.06% 74,426 72.92%Barrow-in-Furness 21,867 60.62% 14,207 39.38% 27 0.07% 53,194 67.87%Blackburn with Darwen 36,799 56.34% 28,522 43.66% 87 0.13% 100,117 65.33%Blackpool 45,146 67.46% 21,781 32.54% 32 0.05% 102,354 65.42%Bolton 80,491 58.29% 57,589 41.71% 100 0.07% 197,109 70.10%Burnley 28,854 66.61% 14,462 33.39% 34 0.08% 64,461 67.25%Bury 54,674 54.12% 46,354 45.88% 116 0.11% 141,600 71.43%Carlisle 35,895 60.14% 23,788 39.86% 38 0.06% 80,124 74.54%Cheshire East 113,163 51.18% 107,962 48.82% 104 0.05% 285,957 77.36%Cheshire West and Chester 98,082 50.68% 95,455 49.32% 96 0.05% 259,878 74.51%Chorley 36,098 56.83% 27,417 43.17% 45 0.07% 84,159 75.52%Copeland 23,528 62.00% 14,419 38.00% 28 0.07% 54,206 70.06%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

33 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

North West (cont) Eden 16,911 53.32% 14,807 46.68% 28 0.09% 41,872 75.82%Fylde 26,317 56.96% 19,889 43.04% 21 0.05% 61,174 75.57%Halton 37,327 57.42% 27,678 42.58% 42 0.06% 95,289 68.26%Hyndburn 26,568 66.19% 13,569 33.81% 31 0.08% 62,042 64.74%Knowsley 36,558 51.56% 34,345 48.44% 34 0.05% 111,647 63.54%Lancaster 37,309 51.08% 35,732 48.92% 57 0.08% 100,567 72.69%Liverpool 85,101 41.81% 118,453 58.19% 174 0.09% 317,924 64.08%Manchester 79,991 39.64% 121,823 60.36% 253 0.13% 338,064 59.77%Oldham 65,369 60.86% 42,034 39.14% 90 0.08% 158,084 68.00%Pendle 28,631 63.15% 16,704 36.85% 53 0.12% 64,534 70.33%Preston 34,518 53.31% 30,227 46.69% 49 0.08% 94,284 68.72%Ribble Valley 20,550 56.39% 15,892 43.61% 24 0.07% 46,148 79.02%Rochdale 62,014 60.07% 41,217 39.93% 88 0.09% 156,621 65.97%Rossendale 23,169 60.68% 15,012 39.32% 24 0.06% 52,750 72.43%Salford 62,385 56.81% 47,430 43.19% 111 0.10% 173,668 63.30%Sefton 71,176 48.13% 76,702 51.87% 92 0.06% 206,298 71.73%South Lakeland 30,800 47.14% 34,531 52.86% 44 0.07% 81,948 79.78%South Ribble 37,318 58.56% 26,406 41.44% 31 0.05% 84,573 75.38%St. Helens 54,357 58.02% 39,322 41.98% 42 0.04% 136,096 68.86%Stockport 77,930 47.67% 85,559 52.33% 95 0.06% 221,162 73.97%Tameside 67,829 61.14% 43,118 38.86% 69 0.06% 168,047 66.06%Trafford 53,018 42.31% 72,293 57.69% 89 0.07% 165,294 75.86%Warrington 62,487 54.27% 52,657 45.73% 61 0.05% 157,042 73.36%West Lancashire 35,323 55.31% 28,546 44.69% 49 0.08% 85,834 74.47%Wigan 104,331 63.90% 58,942 36.10% 108 0.07% 235,982 69.23%Wirral 83,069 48.30% 88,931 51.70% 137 0.08% 242,568 70.96%Wyre 40,163 63.77% 22,816 36.23% 49 0.08% 84,471 74.61%

South EastAdur 20,315 54.57% 16,914 45.43% 22 0.06% 48,755 76.40%Arun 56,936 62.48% 34,193 37.52% 70 0.08% 117,138 77.86%Ashford 41,472 59.43% 28,314 40.57% 41 0.06% 90,516 77.14%Aylesbury Vale 53,956 50.50% 52,877 49.50% 62 0.06% 136,235 78.46%Basingstoke and Deane 52,071 51.90% 48,257 48.10% 67 0.07% 128,677 78.02%Bracknell Forest 35,002 53.94% 29,888 46.06% 32 0.05% 85,298 76.11%Brighton and Hove 46,027 31.38% 100,648 68.62% 154 0.10% 198,293 74.05%Canterbury 41,879 51.04% 40,169 48.96% 57 0.07% 109,399 75.05%Cherwell 41,168 50.31% 40,668 49.69% 72 0.09% 108,342 75.60%Chichester 36,326 50.92% 35,011 49.08% 70 0.10% 91,659 77.91%Chiltern 26,363 44.98% 32,241 55.02% 47 0.08% 70,185 83.57%Crawley 31,447 58.41% 22,388 41.59% 49 0.09% 73,575 73.24%Dartford 35,870 64.22% 19,985 35.78% 28 0.05% 73,951 75.57%Dover 40,410 62.15% 24,606 37.85% 41 0.06% 85,011 76.53%East Hampshire 36,576 49.48% 37,346 50.52% 45 0.06% 90,588 81.65%Eastbourne 30,700 57.33% 22,845 42.67% 53 0.10% 71,726 74.73%Eastleigh 39,902 52.45% 36,172 47.55% 74 0.10% 97,280 78.28%Elmbridge 31,162 40.47% 45,841 59.53% 55 0.07% 98,613 78.14%Epsom and Ewell 21,707 47.92% 23,596 52.08% 40 0.09% 56,382 80.42%Fareham 39,525 55.10% 32,210 44.90% 37 0.05% 90,175 79.59%Gosport 29,456 63.86% 16,671 36.14% 23 0.05% 62,781 73.51%Gravesham 35,643 65.38% 18,876 34.62% 34 0.06% 72,808 74.93%Guildford 34,458 43.83% 44,155 56.17% 44 0.06% 102,209 76.96%Hart 27,513 47.60% 30,282 52.40% 32 0.06% 69,946 82.67%Hastings 24,339 54.88% 20,011 45.12% 37 0.08% 61,957 71.64%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

34 European Union Referendum 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

South East (cont)Havant 44,047 62.36% 26,582 37.64% 41 0.06% 95,366 74.10%Horsham 41,303 48.54% 43,785 51.46% 44 0.05% 104,270 81.65%Isle of Wight 49,173 61.95% 30,207 38.05% 50 0.06% 109,844 72.31%Lewes 28,508 47.93% 30,974 52.07% 49 0.08% 76,428 77.89%Maidstone 52,365 58.75% 36,762 41.25% 46 0.05% 117,298 76.02%Medway 88,997 64.08% 49,889 35.92% 87 0.06% 192,524 72.18%Mid Sussex 41,057 46.91% 46,471 53.09% 60 0.07% 108,416 80.79%Milton Keynes 67,063 51.41% 63,393 48.59% 78 0.06% 177,211 73.66%Mole Valley 25,708 46.92% 29,088 53.08% 33 0.06% 66,730 82.17%New Forest 64,541 57.76% 47,199 42.24% 46 0.04% 141,061 79.25%Oxford 20,913 29.73% 49,424 70.27% 74 0.11% 97,331 72.34%Portsmouth 57,336 58.08% 41,384 41.92% 66 0.07% 140,517 70.30%Reading 31,382 41.97% 43,385 58.03% 59 0.08% 103,172 72.53%Reigate and Banstead 40,980 50.49% 40,181 49.51% 39 0.05% 103,731 78.28%Rother 33,753 58.53% 23,916 41.47% 46 0.08% 72,755 79.33%Runnymede 24,035 54.26% 20,259 45.74% 32 0.07% 58,272 76.07%Rushmoor 28,396 58.21% 20,384 41.79% 20 0.04% 65,790 74.18%Sevenoaks 38,258 54.38% 32,091 45.62% 44 0.06% 87,253 80.68%Shepway 37,729 62.25% 22,884 37.75% 46 0.08% 80,879 75.00%Slough 29,631 54.33% 24,911 45.67% 56 0.10% 87,873 62.13%South Bucks 20,647 50.70% 20,077 49.30% 31 0.08% 52,194 78.08%South Oxfordshire 37,865 45.02% 46,245 54.98% 57 0.07% 104,231 80.75%Southampton 57,927 53.80% 49,738 46.20% 110 0.10% 158,171 68.14%Spelthorne 34,135 60.30% 22,474 39.70% 29 0.05% 72,674 77.93%Surrey Heath 26,667 50.98% 25,638 49.02% 25 0.05% 65,569 79.81%Swale 47,388 62.46% 28,481 37.54% 44 0.06% 102,209 74.27%Tandridge 27,169 52.84% 24,251 47.16% 46 0.09% 64,044 80.36%Test Valley 39,091 51.94% 36,170 48.06% 55 0.07% 94,559 79.65%Thanet 46,037 63.85% 26,065 36.15% 44 0.06% 99,108 72.80%Tonbridge and Malling 41,229 55.70% 32,792 44.30% 45 0.06% 93,019 79.62%Tunbridge Wells 29,320 45.11% 35,676 54.89% 43 0.07% 82,181 79.14%Vale of White Horse 33,192 43.30% 43,462 56.70% 52 0.07% 94,487 81.18%Waverley 31,601 41.61% 44,341 58.39% 57 0.08% 92,291 82.35%Wealden 52,808 54.50% 44,084 45.50% 52 0.05% 121,141 80.03%West Berkshire 44,977 48.22% 48,300 51.78% 68 0.07% 116,757 79.95%West Oxfordshire 30,435 46.34% 35,236 53.66% 48 0.07% 82,441 79.72%Winchester 29,886 41.07% 42,878 58.93% 37 0.05% 89,595 81.26%Windsor and Maidenhead 37,706 46.10% 44,086 53.90% 63 0.08% 102,665 79.73%Woking 24,214 43.85% 31,007 56.15% 40 0.07% 71,313 77.49%Wokingham 42,229 43.31% 55,272 56.69% 50 0.05% 121,891 80.03%Worthing 32,515 52.99% 28,851 47.01% 50 0.08% 81,384 75.46%Wycombe 45,529 48.03% 49,261 51.97% 79 0.08% 125,260 75.74%

South WestBath and North East Somerset 44,352 42.15% 60,878 57.85% 70 0.07% 136,522 77.13%Bournemouth 50,453 54.88% 41,473 45.12% 71 0.08% 132,752 69.30%Bristol, City of 87,418 38.27% 141,027 61.73% 201 0.09% 312,465 73.17%Cheltenham 28,932 43.83% 37,081 56.17% 44 0.07% 87,060 75.88%Christchurch 18,268 58.83% 12,782 41.17% 16 0.05% 39,176 79.30%Cornwall 182,665 56.52% 140,540 43.48% 237 0.07% 419,755 77.05%Cotswold 26,806 48.90% 28,015 51.10% 26 0.05% 68,734 79.80%East Devon 48,040 54.11% 40,743 45.89% 48 0.05% 112,527 78.94%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

35 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

South West (cont)East Dorset 33,702 57.62% 24,786 42.38% 42 0.07% 71,966 81.33%Exeter 28,533 44.72% 35,270 55.28% 64 0.10% 86,417 73.91%Forest of Dean 30,251 58.58% 21,392 41.42% 34 0.07% 66,705 77.47%Gibraltar 823 4.09% 19,322 95.91% 27 0.13% 24,119 83.64%Gloucester 37,776 58.50% 26,801 41.50% 29 0.04% 89,661 72.06%Isles of Scilly 621 43.61% 803 56.39% 0 0.00% 1,799 79.16%Mendip 32,028 48.93% 33,427 51.07% 54 0.08% 85,068 77.01%Mid Devon 25,606 53.34% 22,400 46.66% 43 0.09% 60,532 79.38%North Devon 33,100 57.04% 24,931 42.96% 25 0.04% 75,548 76.85%North Dorset 23,802 56.40% 18,399 43.60% 27 0.06% 52,980 79.71%North Somerset 64,976 52.17% 59,572 47.83% 74 0.06% 160,860 77.47%Plymouth 79,997 59.94% 53,458 40.06% 68 0.05% 186,989 71.41%Poole 49,707 58.17% 35,741 41.83% 45 0.05% 113,421 75.38%Purbeck 16,966 59.07% 11,754 40.93% 16 0.06% 36,418 78.91%Sedgemoor 41,869 61.20% 26,545 38.80% 36 0.05% 89,714 76.30%South Gloucestershire 83,405 52.68% 74,928 47.32% 94 0.06% 207,793 76.24%South Hams 26,142 47.15% 29,308 52.85% 35 0.06% 69,121 80.27%South Somerset 56,940 57.25% 42,527 42.75% 68 0.07% 126,495 78.69%Stroud 33,618 45.39% 40,446 54.61% 64 0.09% 92,631 80.03%Swindon 61,745 54.66% 51,220 45.34% 95 0.08% 148,960 75.90%Taunton Deane 34,789 52.92% 30,944 47.08% 53 0.08% 84,164 78.16%Teignbridge 44,363 53.90% 37,949 46.10% 57 0.07% 103,740 79.40%Tewkesbury 28,568 53.25% 25,084 46.75% 34 0.06% 67,831 79.15%Torbay 47,889 63.16% 27,935 36.84% 44 0.06% 102,961 73.69%Torridge 25,200 60.83% 16,229 39.17% 33 0.08% 52,881 78.41%West Devon 18,937 53.20% 16,658 46.80% 17 0.05% 43,823 81.26%West Dorset 33,267 51.03% 31,924 48.97% 46 0.07% 82,071 79.49%West Somerset 13,168 60.59% 8,566 39.41% 19 0.09% 27,478 79.17%Weymouth and Portland 23,352 61.04% 14,903 38.96% 16 0.04% 50,442 75.87%Wiltshire 151,637 52.49% 137,258 47.51% 207 0.07% 366,555 78.87%

West MidlandsBirmingham 227,251 50.42% 223,451 49.58% 614 0.14% 707,293 63.81%Bromsgrove 32,563 55.37% 26,252 44.63% 40 0.07% 74,170 79.35%Cannock Chase 36,894 68.86% 16,684 31.14% 29 0.05% 75,010 71.47%Coventry 85,097 55.60% 67,967 44.40% 170 0.11% 221,389 69.21%Dudley 118,446 67.60% 56,780 32.40% 107 0.06% 244,516 71.71%East Staffordshire 39,266 63.21% 22,850 36.79% 45 0.07% 83,558 74.39%Herefordshire, County of 64,122 59.22% 44,148 40.78% 66 0.06% 138,247 78.36%Lichfield 37,214 58.81% 26,064 41.19% 40 0.06% 80,369 78.78%Malvern Hills 25,294 52.16% 23,203 47.84% 41 0.08% 60,217 80.61%Newcastle-under-Lyme 43,457 63.04% 25,477 36.96% 32 0.05% 92,816 74.30%North Warwickshire 25,385 66.88% 12,569 33.12% 21 0.06% 49,790 76.27%Nuneaton and Bedworth 46,095 66.01% 23,736 33.99% 45 0.06% 93,978 74.35%Redditch 28,579 62.29% 17,303 37.71% 30 0.07% 61,038 75.22%Rugby 33,199 56.70% 25,350 43.30% 44 0.08% 74,137 79.03%Sandwell 98,250 66.72% 49,004 33.28% 164 0.11% 221,429 66.58%Shropshire 104,166 56.87% 78,987 43.13% 170 0.09% 236,788 77.42%Solihull 68,484 56.16% 53,466 43.84% 70 0.06% 160,425 76.06%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

36 European Union Referendum 2016

Counting area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)

West Midlands (cont) South Staffordshire 43,248 64.85% 23,444 35.15% 47 0.07% 85,777 77.81%Stafford 43,386 55.99% 34,098 44.01% 43 0.06% 99,612 77.83%Staffordshire Moorlands 38,684 64.73% 21,076 35.27% 33 0.06% 79,347 75.36%Stoke-on-Trent 81,563 69.36% 36,027 30.64% 84 0.07% 179,010 65.74%Stratford-on-Avon 40,817 51.56% 38,341 48.44% 59 0.07% 98,014 80.82%Tamworth 28,424 67.47% 13,705 32.53% 22 0.05% 56,825 74.18%Telford and Wrekin 56,649 63.22% 32,954 36.78% 101 0.11% 124,338 72.15%Walsall 92,007 67.86% 43,572 32.14% 106 0.08% 194,729 69.68%Warwick 33,642 41.22% 47,976 58.78% 62 0.08% 103,099 79.22%Wolverhampton 73,798 62.57% 44,138 37.43% 101 0.09% 174,760 67.54%Worcester 29,114 53.68% 25,125 46.32% 51 0.09% 73,516 73.85%Wychavon 44,201 57.86% 32,188 42.14% 36 0.05% 94,497 80.88%Wyre Forest 36,392 63.15% 21,240 36.85% 34 0.06% 77,878 74.05%

Yorkshire and The HumberBarnsley 83,958 68.31% 38,951 31.69% 63 0.05% 175,809 69.95%Bradford 123,913 54.23% 104,575 45.77% 239 0.10% 342,817 66.72%Calderdale 58,975 55.68% 46,950 44.32% 79 0.07% 149,195 71.05%Craven 18,961 52.83% 16,930 47.17% 16 0.04% 44,320 81.02%Doncaster 104,260 68.96% 46,922 31.04% 64 0.04% 217,432 69.56%East Riding of Yorkshire 120,136 60.40% 78,779 39.60% 121 0.06% 266,047 74.81%Hambleton 29,502 53.66% 25,480 46.34% 34 0.06% 70,133 78.45%Harrogate 46,374 49.03% 48,211 50.97% 68 0.07% 119,987 78.89%Kingston upon Hull, City of 76,646 67.62% 36,709 32.38% 81 0.07% 180,230 62.94%Kirklees 118,755 54.67% 98,485 45.33% 188 0.09% 307,081 70.80%Leeds 192,474 49.69% 194,863 50.31% 340 0.09% 543,033 71.39%North East Lincolnshire 55,185 69.87% 23,797 30.13% 29 0.04% 116,302 67.94%North Lincolnshire 58,915 66.30% 29,947 33.70% 44 0.05% 123,611 71.92%Richmondshire 15,691 56.78% 11,945 43.22% 16 0.06% 36,794 75.15%Rotherham 93,272 67.89% 44,115 32.11% 83 0.06% 197,623 69.56%Ryedale 17,710 55.26% 14,340 44.74% 19 0.06% 41,529 77.22%Scarborough 37,512 61.99% 22,999 38.01% 28 0.05% 82,900 73.03%Selby 30,532 59.17% 21,071 40.83% 33 0.06% 65,278 79.10%Sheffield 136,018 50.99% 130,735 49.01% 198 0.07% 396,406 67.34%Wakefield 116,165 66.36% 58,877 33.64% 113 0.06% 246,096 71.17%York 45,983 41.96% 63,617 58.04% 81 0.07% 155,157 70.69%

Results by local authority, England (including Gibraltar)

37 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

8.2 Wales

Results by counting area, Wales

Area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)Isle of Anglesey 19,333 50.94% 18,618 49.06% 27 0.07% 51,445 73.82%Gwynedd 25,665 41.95% 35,517 58.05% 63 0.10% 84,575 72.42%Conwy 35,357 53.98% 30,147 46.02% 50 0.08% 91,368 71.75%Denbighshire 28,117 54.00% 23,955 46.00% 36 0.07% 75,362 69.14%Flintshire 48,930 56.37% 37,867 43.63% 57 0.07% 115,964 74.90%Wrexham 41,544 59.04% 28,822 40.96% 41 0.06% 98,384 71.56%Ceredigion 18,031 45.37% 21,711 54.63% 30 0.08% 53,400 74.48%Pembrokeshire 39,155 57.14% 29,367 42.86% 33 0.05% 92,155 74.39%Carmarthenshire 55,381 53.75% 47,654 46.25% 91 0.09% 139,227 74.07%Swansea 61,936 51.51% 58,307 48.49% 119 0.10% 172,941 69.60%Neath Port Talbot 43,001 56.84% 32,651 43.16% 42 0.06% 105,766 71.57%Bridgend 40,622 54.64% 33,723 45.36% 33 0.04% 104,492 71.18%Vale of Glamorgan 35,628 49.27% 36,681 50.73% 39 0.05% 95,011 76.15%Cardiff 67,816 39.98% 101,788 60.02% 141 0.08% 243,689 69.66%Rhondda Cynon Taf 62,590 53.70% 53,973 46.30% 82 0.07% 172,890 67.47%Caerphilly 53,295 57.63% 39,178 42.37% 52 0.06% 130,801 70.74%Blaenau Gwent 21,587 62.03% 13,215 37.97% 10 0.03% 51,136 68.08%Torfaen 28,781 59.78% 19,363 40.22% 28 0.06% 68,957 69.86%Monmouthshire 27,569 49.56% 28,061 50.44% 40 0.07% 71,607 77.74%Newport 41,236 55.99% 32,413 44.01% 59 0.08% 104,977 70.21%Powys 42,707 53.74% 36,762 46.26% 46 0.06% 103,270 77.00%Merthyr Tydfil 16,291 56.44% 12,574 43.56% 16 0.06% 42,855 67.39%

38 European Union Referendum 2016

8.3 Scotland

Results by local authority, Scotland

Area Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate Turnout (%)Clackmannanshire 10,736 42.22% 14,691 57.78% 12 0.05% 37,841 67.23%Dumfries and Galloway 38,803 46.94% 43,864 53.06% 48 0.06% 115,837 71.41%East Ayrshire 23,942 41.40% 33,891 58.60% 26 0.04% 91,977 62.91%East Lothian 19,738 35.40% 36,026 64.60% 36 0.06% 77,788 71.73%East Renfrewshire 13,596 25.68% 39,345 74.32% 28 0.05% 69,575 76.13%Eilean Siar 6,671 44.76% 8,232 55.24% 16 0.11% 21,259 70.18%Falkirk 34,271 43.24% 44,987 56.76% 44 0.06% 117,392 67.55%Fife 75,466 41.41% 106,754 58.59% 87 0.05% 272,995 66.78%Highland 55,349 44.05% 70,308 55.95% 71 0.06% 175,563 71.61%Inverclyde 14,010 36.20% 24,688 63.80% 24 0.06% 58,624 66.05%Midlothian 17,251 37.94% 28,217 62.06% 29 0.06% 66,758 68.15%Moray 23,992 49.87% 24,114 50.13% 33 0.07% 71,370 67.45%North Ayrshire 29,110 43.12% 38,394 56.88% 44 0.07% 104,572 64.59%Orkney Islands 4,193 36.84% 7,189 63.16% 20 0.18% 16,658 68.45%Perth and Kinross 31,614 38.91% 49,641 61.09% 39 0.05% 110,224 73.75%Scottish Borders 26,962 41.53% 37,952 58.47% 39 0.06% 88,440 73.44%Shetland Islands 5,315 43.49% 6,907 56.51% 9 0.07% 17,375 70.39%South Ayrshire 25,241 41.04% 36,265 58.96% 36 0.06% 88,116 69.84%South Lanarkshire 60,024 36.92% 102,568 63.08% 91 0.06% 248,949 65.35%Stirling 15,787 32.28% 33,112 67.72% 32 0.07% 66,100 74.03%Aberdeen City 40,729 38.90% 63,985 61.10% 95 0.09% 154,266 67.94%Aberdeenshire 62,516 44.99% 76,445 55.01% 53 0.04% 196,809 70.63%Argyll and Bute 19,202 39.43% 29,494 60.57% 38 0.08% 66,642 73.13%City of Edinburgh 64,498 25.56% 187,796 74.44% 187 0.07% 346,073 72.96%Renfrewshire 31,010 35.19% 57,119 64.81% 68 0.08% 127,294 69.29%West Dunbartonshire 16,426 38.01% 26,794 61.99% 25 0.06% 67,595 63.98%West Lothian 36,948 41.75% 51,560 58.25% 48 0.05% 130,925 67.64%Angus 26,511 44.74% 32,747 55.26% 24 0.04% 87,137 68.03%Dundee City 26,697 40.22% 39,688 59.78% 33 0.05% 105,554 62.92%North Lanarkshire 59,400 38.34% 95,549 61.66% 96 0.06% 254,567 60.91%East Dunbartonshire 17,840 28.60% 44,534 71.40% 44 0.07% 83,031 75.17%Glasgow City 84,474 33.41% 168,335 66.59% 191 0.08% 449,806 56.25%

39 Commons Library Briefing, 29 June 2016

8.4 Northern Ireland

Results by constituency, Northern Ireland

Constituency Leave Leave (%) Remain Remain (%) Spoilt Spoilt (%) Electorate turnout Belfast East 21,918 51.40% 20,728 48.60% 19 0.04% 64,474 66.17%Belfast North 19,844 49.64% 20,128 50.36% 26 0.07% 69,692 57.39%Belfast South 13,596 30.51% 30,960 69.49% 27 0.06% 66,664 66.88%Belfast West 8,092 25.94% 23,099 74.06% 18 0.06% 63,883 48.85%East Antrim 22,929 55.19% 18,616 44.81% 19 0.05% 63,997 64.95%East Londonderry 19,455 47.97% 21,098 52.03% 10 0.02% 67,953 59.69%Fermanagh & South 19,958 41.44% 28,200 58.56% 29 0.06% 71,051 67.82%Foyle 8,905 21.74% 32,064 78.26% 18 0.04% 71,677 57.18%Lagan Valley 25,704 53.09% 22,710 46.91% 11 0.02% 73,089 66.25%Mid Ulster 16,799 39.61% 25,612 60.39% 20 0.05% 68,927 61.56%Newry & Armagh 18,659 36.86% 31,963 63.14% 22 0.04% 79,211 63.94%North Antrim 30,938 62.22% 18,782 37.78% 20 0.04% 76,913 64.67%North Down 21,046 47.64% 23,131 52.36% 34 0.08% 65,660 67.33%South Antrim 22,055 50.64% 21,498 49.36% 10 0.02% 69,015 63.12%South Down 15,625 32.76% 32,076 67.24% 23 0.05% 76,697 62.22%Strangford 23,383 55.53% 18,727 44.47% 13 0.03% 65,642 64.17%Upper Bann 27,262 52.62% 24,550 47.38% 33 0.06% 81,469 63.64%West Tyrone 13,274 33.15% 26,765 66.85% 22 0.05% 64,941 61.69%

Source: Northern Ireland Electoral Office

BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 7639 29 June 2016

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