Upload
vomien
View
242
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
European Training Thesaurus
Thésaurus européende la formation professionnelle
TI-76-06-670-2A-C
Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea)PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 ThessalonikiTel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20E-mail: [email protected]
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29 3049
European Training Thesaurus
Thésaurus européende la formation professionnelle
E N | F R
Eur
op
ean
Trai
ning
The
saur
us |
Thé
saur
us e
uro
pée
n d
e la
fo
rmat
ion
pro
fess
ionn
elle
EN
| F
R
ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0
kg809644cover.indd 1kg809644cover.indd 1 3/02/09 10:46:363/02/09 10:46:36
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 4kg809644_inside_EN.indb 4 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
European Training Thesaurus
Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 1kg809644_inside_EN.indb 1 3/02/09 9:24:013/02/09 9:24:01
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008
ISBN 92-896-0471-0
ISSN 1608-7089
© European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 2008All rights reserved.
Printed in Belgium
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 2kg809644_inside_EN.indb 2 3/02/09 9:24:013/02/09 9:24:01
The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is the European Union’s reference Centre for vocational education and training. We provide information on
and analyses of vocational education and training systems, policies, research and practice.Cedefop was established in 1975 by Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/75.
Europe 123GR-57001 Thessaloniki (Pylea)
Postal Address:PO Box 22427
GR-55102 Thessaloniki
Tel. (30) 23 10 49 01 11Fax (30) 23 10 49 00 20
E-mail: [email protected]: www.cedefop.europa.eu
Aviana Bulgarelli, DirectorChristian Lettmayr, Deputy Director
Juan Menéndez-Valdés,Chair of the Governing Board
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 3kg809644_inside_EN.indb 3 3/02/09 9:24:013/02/09 9:24:01
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 4kg809644_inside_EN.indb 4 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
Table of contents
Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Presentation of the European training thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
List of fi elds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 5kg809644_inside_EN.indb 5 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 6kg809644_inside_EN.indb 6 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus
A thesaurus is the most effective documentary tool in existence, allowing high-quality indexing (description of content and characteristics) and high-performance information searching (giving increased precision and simplifying recall). That is why it is appreciated by information specialists – librarians, documentalists, archivists, web manager, etc. – as an indexing instrument with far superior performance to keyword lists, classifi cations, taxonomies, normative values or relatively controlled vocabularies.
A thesaurus is so to speak the federative tool of information services of every kind and description. This ‘federative’ aspect is even more vital in learning and vocational training and education, in which information is intrinsically disparate. A CEN (European Committee for Standardization) report (1) on the importance of controlled vocabularies and thesauri for a learning society has clearly specifi ed a typology of vocabularies and made several recommendations. One of the report’s principal fi ndings is the unquestioned advantage of systematic use of a multilingual thesaurus (where available) to guarantee consistency of an information system, by:
interoperability of information services;• semantic mapping of sometimes disparate components of the information system.•
(1) European Committee for Standardization – CEN. Learning technologies workshop: controlled vocabularies for learning object metadata: typology, impact analysis, guidelines and a we- based vocabularies registry. Brussels: CEN, 2004 (CEN Workshop Agreement, 15871).
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 7kg809644_inside_EN.indb 7 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus 8 – EN
Organisations that own a multilingual thesaurus thus possess a strategic advantage, although the burden of development and maintenance is by no means negligible:
A complex thesaurus, highly structured, with a systematic display, specifi c terminology and compound terms will be expensive to construct and to operate at the input stage, and will require effort to maintain. […] Most current forms of multilingual information access are inadequate for the role of enabling diverse user groups to access equally diverse pieces of information […]. A new form of multilingual thesaurus is required [… especially…] online thesauri which are semantically structured, encyclopaedic and multilingual. […] Manual construction of such thesauri is labour intensive and hence costly […] (2).
Cedefop enjoys the privilege of belonging to the ‘respected club’ of organisations that have developed a multilingual thesaurus.
Outline history of the thesaurus
Cedefop began work on the fi rst Anglo-Japanese edition of the thesaurus in the 1980s and it was published in 1984 (3). A second edition followed in 1988 and included terms in seven languages: English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese (4). A working group made up of members of the documentary information network (5) and supported by the terminology management system Uniterm was subsequently established. Its work culminated in the fi rst complete revision of the thesaurus, which was published in 1992 in the same seven languages as in 1988 (6). Interest aroused by the new edition was evidenced by the print version being one of Cedefop’s best-selling publications and the thesaurus being regarded as a signifi cant reference work.
The next update – the third edition – did not appear until 2001, mainly because of Cedefop’s move from Berlin to Thessaloniki in 1995. Once ensconced in its permanent seat, a new team took up the torch of the thesaurus again.
The new edition: main objectives of the update
Producing the third edition involved not only updating intrinsic developments in vocational education and training but also pursuing the ambitious aim of transforming Cedefop’s multilingual thesaurus of vocational training into a fully fl edged European training thesaurus. The updated thesaurus had to cover all ancillary subfi elds of vocational training and be capable of indexing different types of information: publications, internal reports, legislative texts, agreements, research projects, information on skills, and so on.
(2) Jorna, K.; Davies, S. Multilingual thesauri for the modern world – no ideal solution? Journal of documentation, 57 (2), March 2001, pp. 284-295.
(3) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; Overseas Vocational Training Association. Cedefop thesaurus of vocational training. [S.I.]: OVTA, 1984.
(4) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; International Labour Offi ce. Thésaurus de la formation professionnelle. 2nd edition. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1988.
(5) The network has since developed into the European network of reference and expertise in vocational education and training (ReferNet).
(6) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training. Multilingual thesaurus of vocational training. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1992.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 8kg809644_inside_EN.indb 8 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
European Training ThesaurusEN – 9
The challenge was to refl ect not only the technological, societal and political changes that have infl uenced vocational education and training systems in the past 15 years, but also their context.
The approach used comprised three main stages: Development of the new concept by Cedefop’s library, with Anne Waniart at the helm (and 1.
later on, with Ewa Dessaignes and Bettina Brenner as coordinators) and Philippe Tissot for terminology. For the thesaurus to evolve into the European training thesaurus, it was not just a matter of updating and adding new concepts. First, the micro-thesauri had to be organised in groups for each of the fi elds covered by the thesaurus – namely, the basic vocabulary of vocational education and training, the work and employment environment, the socioeconomic environment and complementary lists. Second, for preparing the standardisation approach for the thesauri, four levels of concept defi nition, from the most general to the most specifi c, were distinguished:
general concepts common to all thesauri, such as geographical terms; –common concepts of learning, training and education; –specifi c concepts associated with a fi eld of application, such as vocational education and –training;localisation, terms concerning adaptation to the cultural, legal, linguistic and technical –specifi cities of a country or region;
Systematic and thematic searching for concepts, their defi nition and use was entrusted to an 2. external contractor, Bureau Van Dijck, of Paris, following an invitation to tender; this resulted in compiling a complete version, which was used and tested by Cedefop and ReferNet indexers since 2001;
Ongoing validation and integration of the changes suggested during the test phase by a 3. working group representing both Cedefop’s documentalists and members of ReferNet.
Other, complementary activities were initiated at the same time – namely, adapting the thesaurus in seven languages and successive translation into other offi cial languages of the European Union. The following language versions have so far been completed: Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish; other versions are currently being translated.
Lastly, the increasing need for the European training thesaurus to be better publicised and rendered more accessible was addressed by this new print edition in English and French. This publication will also serve as an ambassador for the other languages available soon on our website.
We hope this documentary tool will be useful for the increasing number of people working in vocational education and training, lifelong learning and skills development, and that it will contribute to semantic consistency in their information departments.
Marc WillemHead of information and documentation service
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 9kg809644_inside_EN.indb 9 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 10kg809644_inside_EN.indb 10 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
Presentation of the European training thesaurus
The European training thesaurus contains more than 2500 terms (descriptors and non-descriptors) related to vocational education and training (VET). It is an essential working tool of Cedefop’s information and documentation service, currently used to index and retrieve information from Cedefop’s databases: bibliographical database VET-Bib, ETV news database, European research overview database, European training village website.
The European training thesaurus has a double function: it is a link both between Cedefop’s users and its documentary resources, and a link between these different resources.
The European training thesaurus covers education and training vocabulary and focuses on VET systems and programmes, policy, economical and social aspects and training-related EU actions.
The European training thesaurus is designed with an 18-fi eld structure:
1. Training 2. Education 3. Learning 4. Sciences and technology 5. Information and communication 6. Labour 7. Enterprise 8. Occupations 9. Economic activities 10. Economy 11. Administration 12. Society 13. Population 14. Countries and regions 15. European Union 16. International organisations 17. Document type 18. Auxiliary terms
A detailed description of the above fi elds can be found in the next chapter.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 11kg809644_inside_EN.indb 11 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 12 – EN
Semantic relationships and symbols used
The European training thesaurus was developed according to ISO 2788 and ISO 5964 standards (1). It comprises the following semantic relationships:
belonging to a fi eld• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FD)hierarchical• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BT, BN)synonymous• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (UF, USE)associative• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (RT)language equivalence• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FR)scope note• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(SN)
(a) Belonging to a fi eldEach descriptor belongs to a fi eld (training, education, etc.). The relationship between a descriptor and its fi eld is symbolised by:
FD (fi eld) to indicate the relevant fi eld
Example: higher educationFD Education (2)
Education is the fi eld of higher education.
(b) Hierarchical relationshipIn conformity with the previous issue of the thesaurus, the new edition retains the single hierarchy relationship between generic and specifi c terms.
The symbols used for the hierarchical relationships are:
BT to indicate the broader term.
Example: academic degreeBT certifi cate
certifi cate is the broader term for academic degree.
NT to indicate narrower terms.
Example: audiovisual aidNT educational television
educational television is the narrower term for audiovisual aid.
(c) Synonymous relationshipThis equivalence relationship exists between synonymous or almost synonymous terms. Thus, some terms considered to be too narrow have been designated as non-descriptors of broader terms, preferably kept as descriptors.
The symbols used for synonymous relationships are:
UF (use for) to indicate non-descriptor terms.
(1) ISO 2788:1986: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri. ISO 5964:1985: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 12kg809644_inside_EN.indb 12 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
European Training ThesaurusEN – 13
Example: aptitudeUF ability
ability is a non-descriptor of aptitude.
USE to indicate descriptor terms.
Example: accreditation of prior learningUSE validation of learning outcomes
validation of learning outcomes is the descriptor corresponding to accreditation of prior learning.
(d) Associative relationshipAn associative relationship links two descriptors pertaining to two distinct categories, but whose meanings, though different, can be related to the same idea. This relationship between two descriptors is an additional indexing aid to direct the analyst towards other descriptors of pertinent added value.
The symbol used for an associative relationship is:
RT (related term) to indicate associative terms.
Example: grantRT economics of education
grant (fi eld 10) and economics of education (fi eld 1) are related.
(e) Language equivalence relationshipThe language equivalence relationship between two terms provides the translation of a descriptor into another language.
The symbol used for a language equivalence relationship is:
FR (French term) to indicate the French equivalent of the English descriptor.
Example: correspondence courseFR cours par correspondance
(f) Scope noteA scope note clarifi es the intended use of a descriptor: either by defi ning this descriptor itself or by explaining the descriptor’s meaning in case of semantic ambiguity.
The symbol used for scope notes is:
SN (scope note) to introduce a scope note.
Example: assessment of learning outcomesSN The process of appraising knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences of an individual against predefi ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement of learning outcomes). Assessment is typically followed by validation and certifi cation (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 13kg809644_inside_EN.indb 13 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 14 – EN
Structure and layout of the new edition
Throughout the different sections of the thesaurus, descriptors and non-descriptors are introduced in accordance with the standard ISO 2788. The descriptor terms always appear in lower case; the ‘entry position’ descriptors also appear in bold. The non-descriptor terms always appear in italics and lower case, whatever their position in the thesaurus.
Example: intensive training (descriptor term)accelerated course (non-descriptor term)
The European training thesaurus is divided into three sections:
1. A hierarchical presentation of the fi elds, which consists, for each fi eld, of a hierarchical list of descriptors, symbolising their single-hierarchy arborescence.
Example:level of education (broader term)NT1 post compulsory education (narrower term at level 1)NT1 post secondary education (narrower term at level 1)
NT2 higher education (narrower term at level 2)NT3 non-university higher education (narrower term at level 3)
NT4 polytechnic education (narrower term at level 4)NT3 university studies (narrower term at level 3)
NT4 postgraduate study (narrower term at level 4)NT4 undergraduate study (narrower term at level 4)
2. A main alphabetical presentation, which provides an alphabetical list of all descriptors and non-descriptors. Each term set of semantic relationships is presented.
Example:higher education instituteFD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignement supérieurSN Institution at the tertiary level of education excluding universities and academies.UF polytechnicBT educational institutionNT college of educationRT non-university higher education
higher education school enterprise relationshipUSE university enterprise relationship
3. An alphabetical, permutated KWIC index(keyword in context) of all descriptors and non-descriptors.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 14kg809644_inside_EN.indb 14 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
European Training ThesaurusEN – 15
How to use the different sections of the European training thesaurus
To use the European training thesaurus effi ciently, and identify the descriptors effectively, the indexer is invited to use the methodology described below. After selecting the relevant concepts, the following procedure should be adopted for each concept retained:
(a) Use the alphabetical indexThe indexer should look for the concept in the permuted alphabetical index (KWIC) that is most appropriate to identify multi-term (precoordinated) descriptors.
(b) Consult the hierarchical presentationHere the hierarchical organisation of descriptors is displayed around the selected descriptor.Consulting the hierarchical list allows analysts to refi ne their fi rst selection by choosing the descriptor whose level of specifi city seems most pertinent.
(c) Consult the main alphabetical presentationIt is essential to refer to the alphabetical list as it enables the indexer not only to go through a descriptor’s semantic relationships, but also to be aware of possible explicative scope notes and relevant associated terms.
Form, spelling and hyphenation of descriptors
The grammatical form of descriptors is usually in singular form, except in cases where the plural form is more appropriate.
Example: mathematics
As for the descriptor and non-descriptor terms in the English version of the European training thesaurus, English spelling is preferred (using ‘s’) over American spelling (using ‘z’).
Example: learning organisation
Statistical data of the new edition
Descriptors 1569
Non-descriptors 949
Top terms 148
Scope notes 203
Fields 18
New descriptors 465
Deleted descriptors 415
Level of greatest specifi city 5
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 15kg809644_inside_EN.indb 15 3/02/09 9:24:033/02/09 9:24:03
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 16 – EN
List of new descriptors
Channel islandchatchemistChilecitizenshipcollege of educationColombiacomparability of certifi cationscommentarycompetencecompilationcomputer based learningcomputer engineeringcomputing personnelCongoCongo Democratic RepublicConnachtcontent of educationcontinuing trainingCosta RicaCourt of JusticeCroatiaCubacultural integrationcultural sector employeedata managementdidacticsdiscussion listdistance learningDjiboutidocumentary dossierEast AngliaEast MidlandsEast TimorEastern Europeeconomic statisticsEcuadoreducation systemeducation workereducational defi citeducational dropouteducational sociologyeducationalisteffi ciencyEgyptEl SalvadoreLearningelectronic commerceeliteemployabilityemployment protectionengineering workerentrepreneurship
A levelabsenteeismaccreditation of trainingaccreditation of education
and training providersAdaptadministrative structureAfghanistanagencies and other bodiesagriculture workerAlgeriaAngolaapplied sciencesArgentinaArmeniaassessment of learning
outcomesatlasAtticaAutonomous Territories of
Palestineawarding bodyAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBaltic StatesBangladeshbasic skillBelarusBeninBhutanBoliviaBornholmBosnia HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBritish West IndiesBruneiBurgenlandBurkina FasoBurundibusiness workerCambodiaCameroonCape VerdecapitalCarinthiacatalogueCentral African RepublicCentral Asiacertifi cation of learning
outcomesChad
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 16kg809644_inside_EN.indb 16 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
European Training ThesaurusEN – 17
environment workerEqualEquatorial GuineaErasmusEritreaEstoniaethicsEthiopiaEuropassEuropean Administrative
SchoolEuropean Agency for Safety
Health at WorkEuropean Central BankEuropean constructionEuropean Court of AuditorsEuropean Monitoring Centre
for Drugs and Drug Addiction
European OmbudsmanEuropean Personnel
Selection Offi ceEuropean Training
FoundationEuropean UnionEuropean year Eurostatevaluation methodexaminerexperimental educationexperimental researchFaroesFar Eastfi nancingfl exibilityfl exicurityforeign language learningforeign language skillforeign policyformal learningformer GDRformer USSRformer Yugoslavia fundamental researchGabonGambiageneral educationGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltargifted personglobalisation
know howknowledgeknowledge managementknowledge societyKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanlabour market reformLaosLatin AmericaLatvialaw workerleadershiplearning by doinglearning by usinglearning environmentlearning materiallearning organisationlearning theoryLebanonLeinsterLeonardo da VinciLesothoLesser Antilleslevel of educationliberal professionLiberiaLibyalifelong learningLifelong learning programmeLinguaLithuanialoanlocal fi nanceLower AustriaMacaoMacedoniaMadagascarMaghrebmailing listmaintenance repairMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMalimanagerial skillmanual workermanufacturing industrymanufacturing workerMashreqmass mediamathematical modelMauritania
grantGreater Antillesgreen paperGreenlandGrundtvigGuatemalaguidance offi cerguideGuineaGuinea BissauGulf StatesHaitihealth workerhigher education graduatehistorical researchhistory of trainingHondurasHong Konghotel industryhuman capitalhumanities workeridentifi cation of learning
outcomesillegal workin company trainingindividualismIndonesiainformal learninginformal sectorinformation processinginformation scienceinformation societyinformation storageinteractive learningintercompany traininginternational exchangeinternational policyInternetinterviewIranIraqIsle of ManIsraelIvory CoastJamaicajob classifi cationjob rotationJordanjournal issuejournalism workerKazakhstanKenyakey competences
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 17kg809644_inside_EN.indb 17 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 18 – EN
MauritiusmeasurementMelanesiamentoringMexicoMicronesiaMinervaMongoliamonograph partMontenegroMoroccomotivationMozambiquemulti skill trainingmultiple choice testmultiple employmentMunsterMyanmarNamibiaNavarreNepalNetherlands Antillesnew technologiesNicaraguaNigerNigerianon-formal learningNorth JutlandNorth KoreaNorth West EnglandNorthern AegeanNorthern EnglandNorthern Europeoccupational diseaseOffi ce for Offi cial Publications
of the European Communities
Omanonline learningorganisational changeoutplacementovertimepamphletPanamapaper industryParaguaypersonnel regradingPeruPhilippinesphilosophypoachingPolynesiapostgraduate study
social promotionsocial rightssocial sciences workersocial skillsocially disabled personSocratesSomaliaSouth East EnglandSouth JutlandSouth KoreaSouth SwedenSouth West EnglandSouthern AegeanSouthern AfricaSouthern Europespecial needs educationspecialised secondary schoolSri Lankastaff developmentstandardstudent organisationStyriasubcontractingSudanSurinamesustainable developmentSwazilandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniateacher exchangeteacher roletechnical assistancetechnological sciencesTempustestThailandTogotrade union roletraining marketingtraining passporttraining purchasetraining resourceTranslation Centre for Bodies
of the European Uniontransparency of qualifi cationstransport services workerTunisiaTurkmenistanTyrolUgandaUkraine
private tutorproceedingsprogressionPuerto Ricopure sciencesQatarqualifi cationqualitative analysisquality managementquestioningracial equalityrecognition of learning
outcomesrecycling industryreengineeringRegion of Murciaregional and local authorityregional cooperationregional policyregistrationreplacementRepublic of Moldovaresearch techniqueReunionright to trainingRiojaRussiaRwandaSalzburgSaudi Arabiaschooling ratescience workersciences of educationsecurity services workersegregationself directed learningself esteemself evaluationSenegalsenioritySerbia seriesservices workerSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniasmall and medium enterprisesocial dialoguesocial discriminationsocial economysocial exclusionsocial identity
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 18kg809644_inside_EN.indb 18 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
European Training ThesaurusEN – 19
UlsterUnescoUnited Arab EmiratesUpper AustriaupskillingUruguayUzbekistanvalidation of learning outcomesvalorisation of learningVenezuelaViennaVietnamvocational qualifi cationVojvodinaVorarlbergwealthwebsiteWest MidlandsWestern EuropeWestern GreeceWestern Saharawhite paperwork attitudework based trainingwork programmeworking age populationwork experienceworking paperYemenYorkshire and Humbersideyoung personYouth programmeZambiaZimbabwe
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 19kg809644_inside_EN.indb 19 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 20 – EN
List of deleted descriptors
abstractactorAddictionadministrative personneladministratoradvertisingAegean islandaerospace industryAfrican languagesage limitagricultural collegeagricultural trainingagricultural workerair traffi c controllerair transportaircraft pilotAlbanian languageambulance personnelanimatorAPSDEPArab countriesArabicarchivearchivistarmament industryarmyAsian languagesastronomerattainment appraisalauthoring systemautomated translationbakerbeverage workerbillbiographyblind personblock teachingboatmanbookbook industrybookkeepingBornholmbotanybuilding materialBulgarian languagebureaucracybusiness language coursebutchercabinet makercanning industrycaretakercaring personnelcarpenter
case lawCD-ROMCeltic languagescement industryceramics industrycertifi cationchemical workerchurchCIADFORCINTERFORcleanercommercial collegecommercial trainingcommunitycompact disccompulsory subjectcomputer based trainingcomputer operatorcomputer personnelcomputer programmercomputer scientistcomputerized numerical
controlconfectionerconsumer educationcontinuous assessmentcontrol instruments mechaniccookCopenhagencore skillcost-benefi t analysiscountries and regionscourtcultural rightscutterCzech languagedairy industrydancedancerDanish languagedata typistday releasedeaf persondieticiandiplomatic personneldiskettedistance studydomestic workerdrawingdual jobholdingdumb personDutch languageearly school leaver
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 20kg809644_inside_EN.indb 20 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
European Training ThesaurusEN – 21
economics of trainingeconomistEDFeducational assessmenteducational disadvantageeducational leveleducational loaneducational systemelectionelectrical fi tterelectromechanical industryelectronic mailemployers’ organizationEnglish languageenrolmententertainmentenvironment personnelERDFESFEUDISEDEURATOMEuropean Monitoring Centre
for Drugs and DrugEuropean schoolexamination bodyexecutiveex-offenderexperiential learningexperimental teachingexportfactoryfalling birthrateFAOFederal Republic of GermanyFEOGAfertilizer industryfi lmfi ve new Laenderfl ight attendantfl oor and wall tilerfolk artsfootwear industryforeign countryforeign language teachingforestry trainingfreight handlerfunctional illiteracyfur industrygas industrygeographergeologistGerman Democratic RepublicGerman language
glaziergraduateGreat BritainGreater CopenhagenGreek languageGuadeloupeguidance teacherhandbookhistorianhotel and catering personnelhotel managerhotel schoolhousewifehuman-machine interactionHungarian languageILO programmeimportindustrial workerinformation materialinformation sourceinland water transportin-plant traininginstrumentation industryinsulatorinterfaceinternal migrationinternational organizationinternational schoolinternational universityinterpretationinterpreterItalian languagejournalistjudgeknitterlabour exchange offi cerland transportlawyerlearning paceleave of absencelegal personnellegal servicelibrarianlinguistic groupliterary and artistic personnellocal employment initiativemachine operatormachine tool industrymachine-readable materialmaintenance and repairmale statusmanagement boardmarket research
markingMartiniquemason bricklayermaternity leaveMayottemeat industrymechanical fi ttermechanizationmedical personnelmemorandummental stressmeteorologyMezzogiornomicroformmiddle classmiddle managementmidwifemilitary servicemilling industryminingMinistry of agricultureMinistry of industry and
commerceMinistry of vocational trainingmobile trainingmodern languagesmoonlightingmortalitymother tongue instructionmultiple choice testMurciamuseummusiciannationalitynatural resourceNew Caledonianon-manual workernon-printed materialNordic CouncilNorth Jutlandnuclear industryoccupational classifi cationoccupational qualifi cationoffi cial journaloffi cial publicationoptical industryopticianoral expressionpackingpaid leavepainter and decoratorpaintingparental leave
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 21kg809644_inside_EN.indb 21 3/02/09 9:24:043/02/09 9:24:04
Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 22 – EN
pedagogicspermanent employmentpersonal services workerpetrochemical industrypetroleum industrypharmacistphotographerphotographyphysiotherapistplastererplumberPolish languagepolitical ideologypolyvalent trainingpopulation growthporterPortuguese languagepostal workerpottery makerprecision instrument fi tterprinted materialprivate tutorprocessing industryproducerprogress reportproject reportprolongation of schoolingproposalpublic relationspulp and paper industryradiographerrailway transportrailway workerreadingreceptionistrecommendationrehabilitation counsellorremedial teachingresearch reportresearcherresolutionreviewrising birthrateRomanian languageroof slater and tilerrubber industryrubber product makerrural populationrural-urban migrationRussian languagesales representativesanitation serviceScandinavian languages
school leaving certifi catesciencescientistsecretarial trainingsecurity personnelself-instructionself-managementSerbo-Croat languageservice mechanicsetter of production
machinesshoemakersingerskilled machinistslidesmall medium enterprisesocial scientistSouth JutlandSouth SwedenSpanish languagesponsorshipstatisticianstonemason and cutterstorageStructural Fundssubsidiary subjectsugar industrysystems analystsystems designertailortanning industryteacher training collegetechnical drawingtechnology parktelecommunications fi ttertelephonistterminaltextbookThracetobacco industrytoolmakertop managementtoy industrytrainee recordtrainer-trainee ratiotraining and teaching
personneltraining by stagestraining conferencetraining experimenttraining prioritytraining resourcetranslator
transport workertravel agencyTurkish languagetypistUNESCOupper classurban populationurban transportuser-friendlinessUSSRveterinary medicinevideocassettevideodiscvideotexviticulturevoluntary organizationwaiterWallis and Futuna islandwatchmakingWHOwork experiencewriterwritingyoung manyoung womanYugoslaviazoology
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 22kg809644_inside_EN.indb 22 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
List of fi elds
The European training thesaurus is centred on training. The topics covered are organised around eighteen broad fi elds. These fi elds are grouped together in four sections: I. Basic VET vocabulary: Fields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. II. Work and labour environment: 6, 7, 8. III. Socio-economic environment: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. IV. Supplement lists: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
I. Basic VET vocabulary
Field 1: Training(124 descriptors)
All aspects of training are addressed, whether they concern the types of training, economy, policy, management or the training system and are grouped together under thirteen top-level terms: economics of education, history of training, quality of training, sectoral training, target group, trainee, training institution, training management, training policy, training system, type of training, vocational guidance and vocational training. (The top term vocational training should only be used for general documents on the subject).
Field 2: Education(79 descriptors)
This fi eld deals with education, the educational system, the institutions, the content, the quality and the educational policy under eleven top-level terms: basic education, content of education, education, education system, educational administration, educational guidance, educational institution, educational policy, level of education, quality of education, student population. (The top term education should only be used for general works on the subject).
Field 3: Learning(98 descriptors)
These are descriptors that concern both education and continuing training and that deal with notions of certifi cation, skills, learning, the learning processes and methods, the validation of acquired knowledge and personal development. They are presented under eleven top-level terms: certifi cation of learning outcomes, competence, curriculum, examination, learning, lifelong learning, personal development, pilot project, teaching, training aid, training method.
Field 4: Sciences and technology(56 descriptors)
The disciplines and the branches of study are presented under nine top-level terms: applied sciences, humanities, information science, mathematics, natural sciences, pure sciences, sciences of education, technological sciences, technology.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 23kg809644_inside_EN.indb 23 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
List of fi elds 24 – EN
Field 5: Information and Communication (52 descriptors)
The descriptors contained in this fi eld address all aspects of information, its processing and its technology, language, communication, mass media and documentation under three top level terms: communication, information and information technology.
II. Work and labour environment
Field 6: Labour(113 descriptors)
This fi eld groups together the notions of labour contracts, the labour market, employment and unemployment, and professional qualifi cations under nine top-level terms: employment, employment policy, labour, labour contract, labour market, occupational status, qualifi cation, transition from school to work and unemployment. The fi eld is to be used in relation to Field 7.
Field 7: Enterprise(118 descriptors)
This fi eld, which should be used in relation with Field 6, addresses micro-economic aspects. It concerns enterprises and their management, the different types of enterprise, relations with social partners, human resources management, work organisation and work conditions, grouped under fi ve top-level terms: enterprise, human resources management, labour relations, work organisation and working conditions.
Field 8: Occupations(106 descriptors)
The descriptors in this fi eld should be connected to those of Field 6 and 9. The professions are grouped under only one top term – occupation – which can be broken down into twenty two specifi c terms: agriculture worker, business worker, construction worker, cultural sector employee, education worker, engineering worker, environment worker, forestry worker, health worker, humanities worker, information personnel, journalism worker, law worker, manufacturing worker, personal services worker, public service personnel, science worker, security services worker, social sciences worker, social services worker, transport services worker and veterinary worker.
III. Socioeconomic environment
Field 9: Economic activities(73 descriptors)
The economic activities are grouped together under four top-level terms: agriculture, arts, industry and services.
Field 10: Economy(66 descriptors)
This fi eld addresses the macro-economic aspect of the economy and covers all the economic concepts – such as economic development and policies, fi nancial resources, international economy and public fi nance – under ten top-level terms: economic condition, economic development, economic policy, economic resource, economic sector, economic system, economy, fi nancial management, international economy and public fi nance.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 24kg809644_inside_EN.indb 24 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
European Training ThesaurusEN – 25
Field 11: Administration(105 descriptors)
This fi eld covers governmental structures, legislation (non-European Union law), human rights, politics and international relations grouped under seven top-level terms: administration, association, human rights, institutional framework, international relations, politics and state.
Field 12: Society(81 descriptors)
This fi eld deals with all aspects of the social environment, social problems, individual and collective behaviour, sociocultural groups and health under four top-level terms: behaviour, health, society and sociocultural group.
Field 13: Population(24 descriptors)
This fi eld concerns demographic trends, population distribution and migratory movements under one top-level term: population.
IV. Additional lists
Field 14: Countries and regions(396 descriptors)
This fi eld, formerly concentrated on European countries, now covers fi ve continents. All the administrative regions of the European Union are included. The fi eld contains seven top-level terms: Africa, America, Asia, EU countries, Europe, Oceania and OECD countries.
Field 15: European Union(86 descriptors)
This fi eld addresses all aspects relative to the European Union, the institutions, organisations, structures and European legislation under four top-level terms: Community fi nance, Community institutions, Community law, European construction.
Field 16: International organisations(15 descriptors)
This fi eld presents a list of international organisations that are considered to be interesting by Cedefop under one top-level term: international organisation.
Field 17: Document type(42 descriptors)
This fi eld covers the different document types with forty-two descriptors. There is no hierarchical relationship.
Field 18: Auxiliary terms(30 descriptors)
This fi eld presents the methodological descriptors and the descriptors that can be used in relation with all the fi elds in order to describe, for example, an evolution, or an evaluation. The descriptors are broken down into six top-level terms: evaluation, model, research, research method, research technique and statistical method.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 25kg809644_inside_EN.indb 25 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 26kg809644_inside_EN.indb 26 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds
1. Training
economics of educationNT1 cost of education
NT2 cost of trainingNT1 educational needsNT1 fi nancing of education
NT2 student allowanceNT1 fi nancing of training
NT2 training allowanceNT2 training feeNT2 training levy
NT1 training budgetNT1 training market
NT2 training supplyNT1 training marketingNT1 training needs
NT2 training needs analysis
history of training
quality of trainingNT1 training effectivenessNT1 training standardNT1 training wastage
NT2 training dropout
sectoral trainingNT1 clerical trainingNT1 computer training
NT2 computer literacyNT1 craft trainingNT1 management trainingNT1 safety trainingNT1 supervisory training
target groupNT1 adult trainingNT1 migrant trainingNT1 prisoner trainingNT1 staff trainingNT1 teacher trainingNT1 training of trainersNT1 youth training
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 27kg809644_inside_EN.indb 27 3/02/09 9:24:053/02/09 9:24:05
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 28 – EN
traineeNT1 apprenticeNT1 graduate traineeNT1 trainee participationNT1 trainee selection
training institutionNT1 training centre
NT2 resource centreNT2 training workshopNT2 vocational rehabilitation centreNT2 vocational school
training managementNT1 accreditation of trainingNT1 accreditation of education and training
providersNT1 course attendance
NT2 completion of trainingNT1 duration of trainingNT1 training assistanceNT1 training course
NT2 evening classNT2 full time courseNT2 part time courseNT2 short course
NT1 training evaluationNT2 training validation
NT1 training functionNT1 training objectiveNT1 training partnershipNT1 training planNT1 training programme
NT2 course designNT1 training specifi cationNT1 vocational rehabilitation
training policyNT1 access to training
NT2 admission requirementsNT2 selection procedure
NT3 aptitude testNT3 selection criteria
NT1 planning of trainingNT1 training development
NT2 training innovationNT1 training informationNT1 training initiative
NT2 local training initiativeNT1 training policy coordinationNT1 training reform
training systemNT1 alternating training
NT2 apprenticeshipNT2 dual system
NT1 in company trainingNT2 off the job trainingNT2 on the job trainingNT2 work based training
NT1 in service trainingNT1 intercompany trainingNT1 modular trainingNT1 training level
type of trainingNT1 basic trainingNT1 continuing trainingNT1 specialist trainingNT1 individual trainingNT1 induction trainingNT1 initial training
NT2 vocational preparationNT1 intensive trainingNT1 multi skill trainingNT1 practical training
NT2 training placementNT1 retrainingNT1 technical trainingNT1 trade union trainingNT1 training abroadNT1 upskilling
vocational guidanceNT1 career choiceNT1 guidance serviceNT1 vocational counsellingNT1 vocational information
vocational trainingNT1 training research
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 28kg809644_inside_EN.indb 28 3/02/09 9:24:063/02/09 9:24:06
European Training ThesaurusEN – 29
2. Education
basic educationNT1 literacy
NT2 illiteracyNT1 numeracy
content of educationNT1 environmental educationNT1 health education
educationNT1 educational backgroundNT1 educational research
NT2 comparative education
education systemNT1 continuing educationNT1 general educationNT1 out of school educationNT1 special needs educationNT1 vocational education
educational administrationNT1 compulsory educationNT1 educational opportunity
NT2 second chance schoolsNT1 educational resource
NT2 educational facilityNT1 educational statistics
NT2 number of studentsNT2 schooling rate
NT1 private educationNT1 schooling
NT2 educational dropoutNT2 school leaving
NT1 state educationNT1 student mobility
educational guidanceNT1 choice of studies
educational institutionNT1 higher education institute
NT2 college of educationNT1 school
NT2 primary schoolNT2 secondary school
NT3 specialised secondary schoolNT1 university
NT2 open university
educational policyNT1 access to education
NT2 registrationNT1 duration of studiesNT1 educational development
NT2 educational innovationNT1 educational objectiveNT1 educational planningNT1 educational reformNT1 prolonged schoolingNT1 school enterprise relationshipNT1 university enterprise relationship
level of educationNT1 post compulsory educationNT1 post secondary education
NT2 higher educationNT3 non-university higher education
NT4 polytechnic educationNT3 university studies
NT4 postgraduate studyNT4 undergraduate study
NT1 pre school educationNT1 primary educationNT1 secondary education
NT2 lower secondary educationNT2 upper secondary education
quality of educationNT1 educational defi cit
student populationNT1 student
NT2 foreign studentNT2 higher education graduateNT2 undergraduate studentNT2 working student
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 29kg809644_inside_EN.indb 29 3/02/09 9:24:063/02/09 9:24:06
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 30 – EN
3. Learning
certifi cation of learning outcomesNT1 certifi cate
NT2 A levelNT2 academic degree
NT1 comparability of qualifi cationsNT1 equivalence of certifi catesNT1 recognition of qualifi cationsNT1 training creditNT1 training passportNT1 transparency of qualifi cationsNT1 validation of learning outcomes
competenceNT1 assessment of learning outcomesNT1 identifi cation of learning outcomesNT1 recognition of learning outcomesNT1 skill
NT2 basic skillNT2 foreign language skillNT2 key competencesNT2 managerial skillNT2 polyvalenceNT2 practical skillNT2 skill analysis
NT3 skill developmentNT3 skill obsolescence
NT2 social skillNT3 communication skill
NT2 transferable skill
curriculumNT1 curriculum developmentNT1 curriculum researchNT1 curriculum subject
NT2 foreign language learning
examinationNT1 entrance examinationNT1 practical examinationNT1 test
learningNT1 adult learningNT1 formal learningNT1 informal learningNT1 learning diffi cultyNT1 learning environmentNT1 learning method
NT2 learning by doingNT2 learning by using
NT2 eLearningNT2 online learningNT2 group learningNT2 interactive learningNT2 open learningNT2 self directed learningNT2 visual learning
NT1 learning strategyNT1 non-formal learningNT1 transfer of learning
NT2 trainer trainee relationshipNT1 valorisation of learning
lifelong learning
personal developmentNT1 aptitudeNT1 creativityNT1 intellectual development
NT2 cognitive processNT2 intelligence
NT3 judgmentNT3 self evaluation
NT1 know howNT1 knowledgeNT1 maturityNT1 performance
NT2 effi ciencyNT2 failureNT2 performance appraisalNT2 success
NT1 personalityNT2 self esteem
pilot project
teachingNT1 mentoring
training aidNT1 audiovisual aid
NT2 educational televisionNT2 video
NT1 educational gameNT1 multimedia system
NT2 hypermediaNT2 interactive video
NT1 training materialNT2 training equipment
NT1 training software
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 30kg809644_inside_EN.indb 30 3/02/09 9:24:063/02/09 9:24:06
European Training ThesaurusEN – 31
training methodNT1 audiovisual methodNT1 computer based learningNT1 distance learning
NT2 correspondence courseNT1 problem solvingNT1 programmed instructionNT1 project methodNT1 simulation trainingNT1 study tour
4. Sciences and technology
applied sciences
humanitiesNT1 geographyNT1 historyNT1 legal scienceNT1 literatureNT1 philosophyNT1 psychology
NT2 educational psychologyNT2 industrial psychology
NT1 social sciencesNT2 demographyNT2 economics
NT3 business economicsNT2 linguistics
NT3 terminologyNT2 political scienceNT2 sociology
NT3 educational sociologyNT3 industrial sociology
information science
mathematicsNT1 statistics
natural sciencesNT1 biology
NT2 ecologyNT2 medicine
NT1 geology
pure sciencesNT1 chemistryNT1 physics
sciences of educationNT1 didacticsNT1 educational theoryNT1 experimental educationNT1 learning theoryNT1 training theory
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 31kg809644_inside_EN.indb 31 3/02/09 9:24:073/02/09 9:24:07
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 32 – EN
technological sciencesNT1 engineering
NT2 civil engineeringNT2 electrical engineeringNT2 electronics
NT3 microelectronicsNT2 mechanical engineering
NT1 ergonomics
technologyNT1 advanced technologyNT1 automationNT1 biotechnologyNT1 educational technologyNT1 mechanisation
NT2 roboticsNT3 robot
NT1 new technologiesNT1 technological changeNT1 technology transfer
5. Information and communication
communicationNT1 communication medium
NT2 languageNT3 minority languageNT3 mother tongueNT3 multilingualism
NT4 bilingualismNT4 translation
NT2 mass mediaNT3 pressNT3 radioNT3 television
NT2 telecommunicationNT3 computer network
NT4 InternetNT3 satellite communication
NT1 interpersonal communication
informationNT1 access to information
NT2 information centreNT2 information network
NT1 documentationNT2 information disseminationNT2 information processingNT2 information retrievalNT2 information storage
NT1 information userNT2 information needs
information technologyNT1 informatics
NT2 computer applicationNT3 artifi cial intelligence
NT4 expert systemNT3 computer aided designNT3 computer aided manufacturingNT3 computer graphicsNT3 fl exible manufacturing systemNT3 information system
NT4 data managementNT3 offi ce automationNT3 telematics
NT2 computer engineeringNT2 hardware
NT3 computerNT4 microcomputer
NT2 software
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 32kg809644_inside_EN.indb 32 3/02/09 9:24:073/02/09 9:24:07
European Training ThesaurusEN – 33
6. Labour
employmentNT1 conditions of employment
NT2 competitive employmentNT2 self employmentNT2 sheltered employmentNT2 temporary employmentNT2 termination of employment
NT3 job lossNT3 redundancyNT3 retirement
NT4 early retirementNT1 female employmentNT1 graduate employmentNT1 migrant employmentNT1 occupational structure
NT2 non-traditional occupationNT2 obsolescent occupation
NT1 regulated occupationNT1 youth employment
employment policyNT1 employment creationNT1 employment service
NT2 private employment serviceNT2 public employment service
NT1 fi ght against unemploymentNT1 fl exicurityNT1 full employmentNT1 job placementNT1 job securityNT1 manpower planningNT1 work permit
labourNT1 illegal workNT1 multiple employment
labour contractNT1 apprenticeship contractNT1 training employment contract
labour marketNT1 access to employment
NT2 employment opportunityNT3 job offerNT3 job vacancyNT3 language barrierNT3 manpower needs
NT4 labour shortageNT4 skill shortage
NT2 entry into working lifeNT3 initial employmentNT3 return to work
NT1 employabilityNT1 employment monitoring systemNT1 labour market fl exibilityNT1 labour market reformNT1 labour market segmentationNT1 labour mobilityNT1 labour supply
NT2 job searchNT1 manpower
NT2 unqualifi ed young peopleNT1 regional labour market
occupational statusNT1 civil servantNT1 craftsman
NT2 mastercraftsmanNT1 employeeNT1 engineerNT1 entrepreneurNT1 liberal professionNT1 managerNT1 self employed workerNT1 supervisorNT1 technicianNT1 worker
NT2 disabled workerNT2 manual workerNT2 migrant worker
NT3 frontier workerNT2 older workerNT2 professional workerNT2 temporary worker
NT3 casual workerNT3 seasonal worker
NT2 underqualifi ed workerNT2 unemployed worker
NT3 job seekerNT2 young worker
qualifi cationNT1 vocational qualifi cation
NT2 deskillingNT2 work experienceNT2 job requirementsNT2 level of qualifi cation
NT3 semi skilled workerNT3 skilled workerNT3 highly skilled workerNT3 unskilled worker
NT2 occupational profi leNT2 professionalism
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 33kg809644_inside_EN.indb 33 3/02/09 9:24:073/02/09 9:24:07
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 34 – EN
transition from school to workNT1 training employment relationship
unemploymentNT1 disguised unemploymentNT1 female unemploymentNT1 graduate unemploymentNT1 migrant unemploymentNT1 regional unemploymentNT1 seasonal unemploymentNT1 structural unemploymentNT1 temporary unemploymentNT1 underemploymentNT1 unemployment duration
NT2 long term unemploymentNT1 youth unemployment
7. Enterprise
enterpriseNT1 company management
NT2 company closureNT2 organisational changeNT2 production managementNT2 reengineeringNT2 work attitude
NT3 absenteeismNT3 employees’ attitudeNT3 fl exibilityNT3 management attitudeNT3 trainees’ attitudeNT3 trainers’ attitude
NT1 enterprise creationNT1 enterprise cultureNT1 joint ventureNT1 subcontractingNT1 type of enterprise
NT2 cooperativeNT2 large enterpriseNT2 multinational enterpriseNT2 public enterprise
NT3 mixed investment companyNT2 small and medium enterprise
NT3 medium enterpriseNT3 small enterprise
human resources managementNT1 career
NT2 career breakNT2 career development
NT3 career changeNT3 career planningNT3 career prospectsNT3 career recordNT3 curriculum vitaeNT3 occupational mobility
NT4 secondmentNT3 occupational successNT3 promotionNT3 vocational aspiration
NT1 learning organisationNT1 personnel management
NT2 knowledge managementNT2 outplacementNT2 personnelNT2 personnel assessment
NT3 vocational assessmentNT3 work performance
NT2 personnel regradingNT2 personnel supervisionNT2 poaching
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 34kg809644_inside_EN.indb 34 3/02/09 9:24:073/02/09 9:24:07
European Training ThesaurusEN – 35
NT2 recruitmentNT3 personnel selection
NT4 employment interviewNT2 replacementNT2 seniorityNT2 staff developmentNT2 training purchase
labour relationsNT1 collective agreementNT1 collective bargainingNT1 employers’ roleNT1 social dialogueNT1 social partners
NT2 employerNT2 employers’ organisationNT2 trade union
NT3 trade union roleNT1 strikeNT1 workers’ participation
NT2 workers’ representationNT3 works council
work organisationNT1 job content
NT2 job designNT2 job enlargementNT2 job enrichment
NT1 job descriptionNT2 job analysisNT2 job classifi cation
NT1 job sharingNT1 team workNT1 teleworkingNT1 work at homeNT1 work studyNT1 working time arrangement
NT2 hours of workNT3 fl exible hours of workNT3 full time employmentNT3 overtimeNT3 part time employment
NT2 reduction of working hours
working conditionsNT1 leisure
NT2 holidaysNT1 occupational diseaseNT1 occupational safety
NT2 occupational accidentNT2 safety measure
NT1 pension schemeNT1 training leaveNT1 wage
NT2 equal payNT1 working life
NT2 quality of working lifeNT3 humanisation of workNT3 job rotationNT3 job satisfaction
NT2 work environmentNT3 place of work
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 35kg809644_inside_EN.indb 35 3/02/09 9:24:083/02/09 9:24:08
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 36 – EN
8. Occupations
occupationNT1 agriculture worker
NT2 farmerNT2 gardener
NT1 business workerNT2 accountantNT2 banking personnelNT2 clerical worker
NT3 secretaryNT2 commercial personnel
NT3 advertiserNT3 buyerNT3 sales person
NT2 consultantNT2 insurance personnel
NT1 construction workerNT2 architect
NT3 landscape gardenerNT1 cultural sector employee
NT2 artistNT2 performing artist
NT1 education workerNT2 educationalistNT2 guidance offi cerNT2 inspectorNT2 teaching personnel
NT3 examinerNT3 teacher
NT4 headteacherNT4 higher education teacher
NT2 training personnelNT3 trainerNT3 training consultantNT3 training managerNT3 training tutorNT3 vocational counsellorNT3 vocational teacher
NT1 engineering workerNT2 computing personnelNT2 electricianNT2 mechanicNT2 metalworker
NT3 welderNT1 environment workerNT1 forestry worker
NT1 health workerNT2 dentistNT2 medical practitionerNT2 paramedical personnel
NT3 nurseNT1 humanities workerNT1 information personnelNT1 journalism workerNT1 law workerNT1 manufacturing worker
NT2 food workerNT2 glass workerNT2 jewellerNT2 leather workerNT2 paper makerNT2 plastic products makerNT2 printing workerNT2 textile workerNT2 wood worker
NT1 minerNT1 public service personnelNT1 science worker
NT2 biologistNT2 chemistNT2 mathematicianNT2 physicist
NT1 security services workerNT2 military personnelNT2 police
NT1 services workerNT2 beauticianNT2 hairdresserNT2 hotel personnelNT2 tourism personnel
NT3 travel agency employeeNT3 travel guide
NT1 social sciences workerNT2 psychologistNT2 sociologist
NT1 social services workerNT2 social workerNT2 youth worker
NT1 transport services workerNT2 air transport personnelNT2 dockerNT2 driverNT2 seafarer
NT1 veterinary worker
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 36kg809644_inside_EN.indb 36 3/02/09 9:24:083/02/09 9:24:08
European Training ThesaurusEN – 37
9. Economic activities
agricultureNT1 forestryNT1 horticulture
artsNT1 architectureNT1 fi ne artsNT1 graphic artsNT1 handicraftNT1 musicNT1 restorationNT1 theatre
industryNT1 chemical industry
NT2 pharmaceutical industryNT2 plastics industry
NT1 communications industryNT2 audiovisual industryNT2 fi lm industryNT2 printing industryNT2 publishingNT2 telecommunications industry
NT1 computer industryNT1 construction industryNT1 electrical industryNT1 electronics industryNT1 fi shing industryNT1 food industry
NT2 beverage industryNT1 glass industryNT1 leather industryNT1 machinery industry
NT2 aircraft industryNT2 automobile industryNT2 shipbuilding
NT1 manufacturing industryNT1 metalworking industry
NT2 iron industryNT1 power industry
NT2 electricity industryNT1 recycling industryNT1 textile industry
NT2 clothing industryNT1 woodworking industry
NT2 furniture industryNT2 paper industry
servicesNT1 business service
NT2 management counsellingNT2 marketing
NT1 clerical workNT1 cultural service
NT2 libraryNT1 fi nancial service
NT2 bankingNT1 health serviceNT1 hotel industryNT1 information serviceNT1 insuranceNT1 maintenance repairNT1 public serviceNT1 recreation service
NT2 sportNT2 tourism
NT1 social workNT1 trade
NT2 commercial distributionNT3 electronic commerceNT3 retail tradeNT3 wholesale trade
NT2 international tradeNT1 transport
NT2 road transportNT2 sea transport
NT1 voluntary service
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 37kg809644_inside_EN.indb 37 3/02/09 9:24:083/02/09 9:24:08
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 38 – EN
10. Economy
economic conditionNT1 competitionNT1 economic crisis
economic developmentNT1 developed countriesNT1 developing countriesNT1 industrial developmentNT1 regional development
NT2 rural development
economic policyNT1 agricultural policyNT1 economic planning
NT2 economic statisticsNT1 fi nancial policy
NT2 fi nancial controlNT1 incomes policyNT1 industrial policyNT1 monetary policyNT1 research policy
NT2 research centreNT2 research and development
NT3 innovationNT2 research fi eldNT2 research programme
NT1 sustainable developmentNT2 environment
NT3 environmental protectionNT3 pollution
NT1 trade policy
economic resourceNT1 fi nancial resource
NT2 capitalNT2 expenditureNT2 fi nancingNT2 grantNT2 investmentNT2 loanNT2 private fi nanceNT2 subsidy
NT1 human capital
economic sectorNT1 primary sectorNT1 secondary sectorNT1 tertiary sector
economic systemNT1 informal sectorNT1 mixed economyNT1 private sectorNT1 public sectorNT1 social economy
economyNT1 marketNT1 productionNT1 productivity
fi nancial managementNT1 budgetNT1 cost effectivenessNT1 profi t
international economyNT1 globalisation
public fi nanceNT1 local fi nanceNT1 national budget
NT2 public expenditureNT1 state aidNT1 state participationNT1 tax
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 38kg809644_inside_EN.indb 38 3/02/09 9:24:083/02/09 9:24:08
European Training ThesaurusEN – 39
11. Administration
administrationNT1 administrative structure
NT2 centralisationNT2 decentralisation
NT1 awarding bodyNT1 labour administration
NT2 labour statisticsNT3 employment survey
NT1 managementNT2 quality managementNT2 self management
NT1 planningNT2 local planning
NT3 urban planningNT4 housing
NT2 regional planningNT3 developing areaNT3 rural areaNT3 urban area
NT1 public administrationNT2 civil serviceNT2 public bodyNT2 social service
NT3 child care facilitiesNT3 social assistanceNT3 social security
NT4 family allowanceNT4 unemployment benefi t
NT1 training administrationNT2 training statistics
NT3 number of traineesNT3 training participation rate
associationNT1 chamber of commerceNT1 professional associationNT1 voluntary organisationNT1 youth organisation
NT2 student organisation
human rightsNT1 children’s rightsNT1 civil rights
NT2 freedom of movementNT1 equal opportunitiesNT1 migrants’ rightsNT1 right to educationNT1 right to informationNT1 right to trainingNT1 right to workNT1 social rightsNT1 women’s rights
institutional frameworkNT1 constitutionNT1 legislation
NT2 economic legislationNT2 educational legislationNT2 labour legislation
NT3 employment protectionNT2 lawNT2 legal aspectNT2 regulationNT2 social legislationNT2 training legislation
international relationsNT1 export of trainingNT1 international agreementNT1 international cooperation
NT2 crossborder cooperationNT2 development aid
NT3 technical assistanceNT1 international exchange
NT2 student exchangeNT2 teacher exchange
NT1 international policy
politicsNT1 political partyNT1 political system
stateNT1 government
NT2 central governmentNT2 government policy
NT3 cultural policyNT3 foreign policyNT3 social policy
NT4 positive discriminationNT4 racial equalityNT4 social research
NT3 youth policyNT4 youth aidNT4 youth protection
NT2 ministryNT3 ministry of educationNT3 ministry of labour
NT2 regional and local authorityNT3 local authority
NT4 community developmentNT4 community participation
NT3 regional authorityNT4 regional cooperationNT4 regional policy
NT1 parliament
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 39kg809644_inside_EN.indb 39 3/02/09 9:24:093/02/09 9:24:09
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 40 – EN
12. Society
behaviourNT1 attitudeNT1 entrepreneurshipNT1 ethicsNT1 individualismNT1 leadershipNT1 motivationNT1 social behaviour
NT2 discriminationNT3 racial discriminationNT3 sex discriminationNT3 social discrimination
NT2 interpersonal relationsNT2 marginalisationNT2 social interactionNT2 social role
NT3 parental roleNT4 parental attitude
NT2 socialisationNT1 teacher role
healthNT1 mental healthNT1 physical health
societyNT1 information society
NT2 knowledge societyNT1 religionNT1 social change
NT2 modernisationNT2 social effect
NT1 social environmentNT2 culture
NT3 cultural identityNT3 multicultural environment
NT2 family environmentNT2 socio economic conditions
NT3 living conditionsNT4 povertyNT4 wealth
NT3 quality of lifeNT1 social inequalityNT1 social integration
NT2 citizenshipNT2 cultural integrationNT2 migrant integrationNT2 segregationNT2 social exclusionNT2 social identity
NT1 social mobilityNT2 social promotion
NT1 social movementNT1 social originNT1 social problem
NT2 addictionNT2 delinquency
NT3 juvenile delinquencyNT1 social status
NT2 female statusNT1 social structure
NT2 social classNT3 elite
NT4 gifted personNT3 working class
sociocultural groupNT1 disabled person
NT2 mentally disabled personNT2 physically disabled personNT2 socially disabled person
NT1 disadvantaged groupNT1 ethnic groupNT1 family
NT2 parentsNT1 interest groupNT1 migrant
NT2 migrant womanNT2 migrant’s childNT2 refugee
NT1 minority groupNT1 youth
NT2 rural youthNT2 urban youth
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 40kg809644_inside_EN.indb 40 3/02/09 9:24:093/02/09 9:24:09
European Training ThesaurusEN – 41
13. Population
populationNT1 censusNT1 migration
NT2 geographical mobilityNT2 international migration
NT3 emigrationNT4 country of origin
NT3 immigrationNT4 host country
NT3 return migrationNT1 population distribution
NT2 age distributionNT2 age group
NT3 adolescentNT3 adultNT3 childNT3 older personNT3 young person
NT2 sex distributionNT3 manNT3 woman
NT2 working age populationNT1 population trends
NT2 population decline
14. Countries and regions
AfricaNT1 Central Africa
NT2 CameroonNT2 Central African RepublicNT2 ChadNT2 CongoNT2 Congo Democratic RepublicNT2 Equatorial GuineaNT2 Gabon
NT1 East AfricaNT2 BurundiNT2 DjiboutiNT2 EritreaNT2 EthiopiaNT2 KenyaNT2 RwandaNT2 SomaliaNT2 SudanNT2 TanzaniaNT2 Uganda
NT1 North AfricaNT2 EgyptNT2 LibyaNT2 Maghreb
NT3 AlgeriaNT3 MoroccoNT3 Tunisia
NT1 Southern AfricaNT2 AngolaNT2 BotswanaNT2 LesothoNT2 MadagascarNT2 MalawiNT2 MauritiusNT2 MozambiqueNT2 NamibiaNT2 ReunionNT2 South AfricaNT2 SwazilandNT2 ZambiaNT2 Zimbabwe
NT1 West AfricaNT2 BeninNT2 Burkina FasoNT2 Cape VerdeNT2 GambiaNT2 GhanaNT2 GuineaNT2 Guinea BissauNT2 Ivory CoastNT2 LiberiaNT2 Mali
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 41kg809644_inside_EN.indb 41 3/02/09 9:24:093/02/09 9:24:09
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 42 – EN
NT2 MauritaniaNT2 NigerNT2 NigeriaNT2 SenegalNT2 Sierra LeoneNT2 TogoNT2 Western Sahara
AmericaNT1 Caribbean island
NT2 Greater AntillesNT3 BahamasNT3 CubaNT3 HaitiNT3 JamaicaNT3 Puerto Rico
NT2 Lesser AntillesNT3 British West IndiesNT3 French West IndiesNT3 Netherlands Antilles
NT1 Latin AmericaNT2 Central America
NT3 Costa RicaNT3 El SalvadorNT3 GuatemalaNT3 HondurasNT3 NicaraguaNT3 Panama
NT2 South AmericaNT3 ArgentinaNT3 BoliviaNT3 BrazilNT3 ChileNT3 ColombiaNT3 EcuadorNT3 ParaguayNT3 PeruNT3 SurinameNT3 UruguayNT3 Venezuela
NT1 North AmericaNT2 CanadaNT2 MexicoNT2 United States
AsiaNT1 Central Asia
NT2 KazakhstanNT2 KyrgyzstanNT2 MongoliaNT2 TajikistanNT2 TurkmenistanNT2 Uzbekistan
NT1 Far EastNT2 China
NT2 Hong KongNT2 JapanNT2 MacaoNT2 North KoreaNT2 South KoreaNT2 Taiwan
NT1 Middle EastNT2 AfghanistanNT2 Autonomous Territories of PalestineNT2 Gulf States
NT3 BahrainNT3 IranNT3 IraqNT3 KuwaitNT3 OmanNT3 QatarNT3 Saudi ArabiaNT3 United Arab Emirates
NT2 IsraelNT2 Mashreq
NT3 JordanNT3 LebanonNT3 Syria
NT2 YemenNT1 South Asia
NT2 BangladeshNT2 BhutanNT2 IndiaNT2 MaldivesNT2 NepalNT2 PakistanNT2 Sri Lanka
NT1 South East AsiaNT2 BruneiNT2 CambodiaNT2 East TimorNT2 IndonesiaNT2 LaosNT2 MalaysiaNT2 MyanmarNT2 PhilippinesNT2 SingaporeNT2 ThailandNT2 Vietnam
EU countries
EuropeNT1 Eastern Europe
NT2 AlbaniaNT2 ArmeniaNT2 AzerbaijanNT2 Baltic States
NT3 EstoniaNT3 Latvia
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 42kg809644_inside_EN.indb 42 3/02/09 9:24:103/02/09 9:24:10
European Training ThesaurusEN – 43
NT3 LithuaniaNT2 BelarusNT2 Bosnia HerzegovinaNT2 BulgariaNT2 CroatiaNT2 Czech RepublicNT2 former USSRNT2 former Yugoslav Republic of
MacedoniaNT2 former YugoslaviaNT2 GeorgiaNT2 HungaryNT2 KosovoNT2 MontenegroNT2 PolandNT2 Republic of MoldovaNT2 RomaniaNT2 RussiaNT2 SerbiaNT2 Slovak RepublicNT2 SloveniaNT2 UkraineNT2 Vojvodina
NT1 Northern EuropeNT2 FaroesNT2 GreenlandNT2 IcelandNT2 Scandinavia
NT3 DenmarkNT3 FinlandNT3 NorwayNT3 Sweden
NT1 Southern EuropeNT2 AndorraNT2 CyprusNT2 GibraltarNT2 Greece
NT3 AtticaNT3 Central GreeceNT3 CreteNT3 EpirusNT3 Ionian islandNT3 MacedoniaNT3 Northern AegeanNT3 PeloponneseNT3 Southern AegeanNT3 ThessalyNT3 Western Greece
NT2 ItalyNT3 AbruzziNT3 ApuliaNT3 BasilicataNT3 CalabriaNT3 CampaniaNT3 Emilia Romagna
NT3 Friuli Venezia GiuliaNT3 LatiumNT3 LiguriaNT3 LombardyNT3 MarcheNT3 MoliseNT3 PiedmontNT3 SardiniaNT3 SicilyNT3 Trentino Alto AdigeNT3 TuscanyNT3 UmbriaNT3 Valle d’AostaNT3 Veneto
NT2 MaltaNT2 MonacoNT2 Portugal
NT3 AlentejoNT3 AlgarveNT3 AzoresNT3 Central PortugalNT3 Lisbon and the Tagus ValleyNT3 MadeiraNT3 Northern Portugal
NT2 San MarinoNT2 Spain
NT3 AndalusiaNT3 AragonNT3 AsturiasNT3 Balearic islandNT3 Basque countryNT3 Canary islandNT3 CantabriaNT3 Castille La ManchaNT3 Castille and LeonNT3 CataloniaNT3 CeutaNT3 Community of MadridNT3 Community of ValenciaNT3 ExtremaduraNT3 GaliciaNT3 MelillaNT3 NavarreNT3 Region of MurciaNT3 Rioja
NT2 TurkeyNT2 Vatican
NT1 Western EuropeNT2 Austria
NT3 BurgenlandNT3 CarinthiaNT3 Lower AustriaNT3 SalzburgNT3 StyriaNT3 Tyrol
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 43kg809644_inside_EN.indb 43 3/02/09 9:24:103/02/09 9:24:10
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 44 – EN
NT3 Upper AustriaNT3 ViennaNT3 Vorarlberg
NT2 BelgiumNT3 Brussels Capital RegionNT3 Flemish communityNT3 Flemish regionNT3 French communityNT3 German speaking communityNT3 Walloon region
NT2 Channel islandNT2 France
NT3 AlsaceNT3 AquitaineNT3 AuvergneNT3 BrittanyNT3 BurgundyNT3 CentreNT3 Champagne ArdenneNT3 CorsicaNT3 Franche ComtéNT3 French Overseas DepartmentsNT3 French Overseas TerritoriesNT3 Ile-de-FranceNT3 Languedoc-RoussillonNT3 LimousinNT3 Loire RegionNT3 LorraineNT3 Lower NormandyNT3 Midi-PyrénéesNT3 Nord-Pas-de-CalaisNT3 PicardyNT3 Poitou-CharentesNT3 Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’AzurNT3 Rhône-AlpesNT3 Upper Normandy
NT2 GermanyNT3 Baden WürttembergNT3 BavariaNT3 BerlinNT3 BrandenburgNT3 BremenNT3 former GDRNT3 HamburgNT3 HessenNT3 Lower SaxonyNT3 Mecklenburg West PomeraniaNT3 North Rhine WestphaliaNT3 Rhineland PalatinateNT3 SaarlandNT3 SaxonyNT3 Saxony AnhaltNT3 Schleswig HolsteinNT3 Thuringia
NT2 IrelandNT3 ConnachtNT3 LeinsterNT3 MunsterNT3 Ulster
NT2 Isle of ManNT2 LiechtensteinNT2 LuxembourgNT2 Netherlands
NT3 DrentheNT3 FlevolandNT3 FrieslandNT3 GelderlandNT3 GroningenNT3 LimburgNT3 North BrabantNT3 North HollandNT3 OverijsselNT3 South HollandNT3 UtrechtNT3 Zeeland
NT2 SwitzerlandNT2 United Kingdom
NT3 EnglandNT4 East AngliaNT4 East MidlandsNT4 North West EnglandNT4 Northern EnglandNT4 South East EnglandNT4 South West EnglandNT4 West MidlandsNT4 Yorkshire and Humberside
NT3 Northern IrelandNT3 ScotlandNT3 Wales
OceaniaNT1 AustraliaNT1 MelanesiaNT1 MicronesiaNT1 New ZealandNT1 Polynesia
OECD countries
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 44kg809644_inside_EN.indb 44 3/02/09 9:24:103/02/09 9:24:10
European Training ThesaurusEN – 45
15. European Union
Community fi nanceNT1 Community budgetNT1 Community funds
Community institutionsNT1 agencies and other bodies
NT2 CedefopNT2 European Administrative SchoolNT2 European Agency for Safety Health at
WorkNT2 European Central BankNT2 European Foundation for the
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
NT2 European Personnel Selection Offi ceNT2 European Training FoundationNT2 EurostatNT2 Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the
European CommunitiesNT2 Translation Centre for Bodies of the
European UnionNT1 Committee of the RegionsNT1 Council of the European UnionNT1 Court of JusticeNT1 European CommissionNT1 European Court of AuditorsNT1 European Economic and Social
CommitteeNT1 European Investment BankNT1 European OmbudsmanNT1 European Parliament
Community lawNT1 Community legislation
NT2 Community decisionNT2 Community directiveNT2 Community opinionNT2 Community recommendationNT2 Community regulationNT2 Community resolution
NT1 European Treaty
European constructionNT1 Community activity
NT2 Community programmeNT3 AdaptNT3 Employment programmeNT3 EqualNT3 ErasmusNT3 EuropassNT3 European dimensionNT3 European year
NT3 GrundtvigNT3 Leonardo da VinciNT3 Lifelong Learning ProgrammeNT3 LinguaNT3 MinervaNT3 SocratesNT3 TempusNT3 Youth programme
NT1 Community external relationsNT1 Community policyNT1 EC internal marketNT1 enlargement of the CommunityNT1 European Union
16. International organisations
international organisationNT1 Council of EuropeNT1 EFTANT1 EurydiceNT1 OECDNT1 United Nations
NT2 ILONT2 Unesco
NT1 World Bank
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 45kg809644_inside_EN.indb 45 3/02/09 9:24:113/02/09 9:24:11
Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 46 – EN
17. Document type
annual reportatlasbibliographycataloguechatcommentarycompilationconference paperdatabasedictionarydirectorydiscussion listdocumentary dossierdraftemailencyclopediaglossarygreen paperguidejournaljournal articlejournal issuelearning materiallegal textmailing listmonographmonograph partnewspaperpamphletpress releaseproceedingsreportseriesspeechstandardthesaurusthesiswebsitewhite paperwork programmeworking paperyearbook
18. Auxiliary terms
evaluationNT1 evaluation method
modelNT1 mathematical model
researchNT1 action researchNT1 empirical researchNT1 experimental researchNT1 fundamental researchNT1 historical research
research methodNT1 case studyNT1 comparative analysisNT1 cost analysisNT1 cost benefi t analysisNT1 methodologyNT1 qualitative analysis
research techniqueNT1 experimentationNT1 forecasting
NT2 trendNT1 interviewNT1 measurementNT1 observationNT1 progressionNT1 questioning
NT2 questionnaireNT1 survey
statistical analysis
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 46kg809644_inside_EN.indb 46 3/02/09 9:24:113/02/09 9:24:11
Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
A level FD Learning (3)FR baccalauréatSN Certifi cate of Education Advanced Level
(A Level) is normally awarded at the end of 2 years of post-compulsory general education to pupils who meet the required standards. It is a qualifi cation for entry to higher education (Eurydice).
UF school leaving certifi cateBT certifi cate
ability USE aptitude
Abruzzi FD Countries and regions (14)FR AbruzzesBT Italy
absenteeism FD Enterprise (7)FR absentéismeBT work attitude
academic degree FD Learning (3)FR diplôme universitaireUF college degree
university degreeBT certifi cateRT higher education graduate
university studies
accelerated course USE intensive training
accelerated training USE intensive training
access to education FD Education (2)FR accès à l’éducationUF educational admissionBT educational policyNT registrationRT access to training
entrance examinationequal opportunitieslanguage barrierright to education
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 47kg809644_inside_EN.indb 47 3/02/09 9:24:113/02/09 9:24:11
access to employment 48 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
access to employment FD Labour (6)FR accès à l’emploiUF access to labour marketBT labour marketNT employment opportunity
entry into working lifeRT employment policy
recruitmentright to work
access to information FD Information and communication (5)FR accès à l’informationBT informationNT information centre
information networkRT right to education
right to information
access to labour market USE access to employment
access to training FD Training (1)FR accès à la formationUF admission to trainingBT training policyNT admission requirements
selection procedureRT access to education
entrance examinationright to training
accident prevention USE occupational safety
accountant FD Occupations (8)FR comptableUF auditorBT business worker
accreditation of education and training providers FD Training (1)FR Agrément des prestataires
d’enseignement ou de formationSN A process of quality assurance through
which accredited status is granted to an education or training provider, showing it has been approved by the relevant
legislative or professional authorities by having met predetermined standards. (Source: adapted from Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials).
UF accreditation of training institutionsBT training management
accreditation of prior learning USE validation of learning outcomes
accreditation of training FD Training (1)FR homologation de la formationSN The process of granting accredited status
to training. BT training management
accreditation of training institutions USE accreditation of education and training
providers
accreditation of training organisations USE accreditation of education and training
providers
achievement USE performance
act USE law
action plan USE work programme
action research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche actionSN A family of research methodologies which
pursue action and research outcomes at the same time.
BT research
actor USE performing artist
Adapt FD European Union (15)FR AdaptSN The Adapt (1994-1999) initiative aims
to contribute to the adaptation of the workforce to industrial change, and to
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 48kg809644_inside_EN.indb 48 3/02/09 9:24:123/02/09 9:24:12
European Training ThesaurusEN – 49 adult training
improve the workings of the labour market with a view to growth, employment and the competitiveness of companies in the European Union.
BT Community programme
adaptability USE fl exibility
adaptation training USE upskilling
addiction FD Society (12)FR toxicomanieUF alcoholism
drug addictionnarcotic addiction
BT social problem
adjustment training USE upskilling
administration FD Administration (11)FR administrationUF administrative sciences
administrative sectorNT administrative structure
awarding bodylabour administrationmanagementplanningpublic administrationtraining administration
RT educational administrationenterprise
administration management USE management
administration worker USE public service personnel
administrative and fi nancial personnel USE business worker
administrative law USE legislation
administrative sciences USE administration
administrative sector USE administration
administrative structure FD Administration (11)FR structure administrativeBT administrationNT centralisation
decentralisationRT management
admission requirements FD Training (1)FR conditions d’admissionSN Conditions (examination, certifi cates,
proof of skills, etc.) of entrance to courses of study, training, etc.
BT access to trainingRT recruitment
admission to training USE access to training
adolescent FD Population (13)FR adolescentBT age groupRT youth
adult FD Population (13)FR adulteBT age groupRT maturity
adult education USE continuing education
adult illiteracy USE illiteracy
adult innumeracy USE numeracy
adult learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage des adultesBT learningRT adult training
continuing education
adult training FD Training (1)FR formation des adultesUF adult vocational trainingBT target groupRT adult learning
continuing education
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 49kg809644_inside_EN.indb 49 3/02/09 9:24:123/02/09 9:24:12
adult vocational training 50 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
adult vocational training USE adult training
advanced technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologie avancéeBT technology
advancement USE promotion
advertiser FD Occupations (8)FR profession de la publicitéBT commercial personnelRT business service
advertising USE business service
aerospace industry USE aircraft industry
Afghanistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR AfghanistanBT Middle East
Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR AfriqueNT Central Africa
East AfricaNorth AfricaSouthern AfricaWest Africa
age distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition par âgeBT population distribution
age group FD Population (13)FR groupe d’âgeBT population distributionNT adolescent
adultchildolder personyoung person
ageing worker USE older worker
agencies and other bodies FD European Union (15)FR agences et autres organismesBT Community institutionsNT Cedefop
European Administrative SchoolEuropean Agency for Safety Health at WorkEuropean Central BankEuropean Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working ConditionsEuropean Personnel Selection Offi ceEuropean Training FoundationEurostatOffi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European CommunitiesTranslation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
agricultural policy FD Economy (10)FR politique agricoleBT economic policyRT agriculture
agricultural worker USE agriculture worker
agriculture FD Economic activities (9)FR agricultureUF viticultureNT forestry
horticultureRT agricultural policy
agriculture workereconomic developmentfood industryprimary sector
agriculture worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’agricultureUF agricultural workerBT occupationNT farmer
gardenerRT agriculture
veterinary worker
air traffi c controller USE air transport personnel
air transport USE transport
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 50kg809644_inside_EN.indb 50 3/02/09 9:24:123/02/09 9:24:12
European Training ThesaurusEN – 51 appreciation training
air transport personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du transport aérienUF air traffi c controller
aircraft pilotfl ight attendant
BT transport services workerRT transport
aircraft industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie aéronautiqueUF aerospace industryBT machinery industryRT transport
aircraft pilot USE air transport personnel
Albania FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlbanieBT Eastern Europe
alcoholism USE addiction
Alentejo FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlentejoBT Portugal
Algarve FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlgarveBT Portugal
Algeria FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlgérieBT Maghreb
Alsace FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlsaceBT France
alternance training USE alternating training
alternating training FD Training (1)FR formation en alternanceSN Training alternating periods at a school
or training centre and at the workplace.
The alternance scheme can take place on a weekly, monthly or yearly basis. Depending on the country and applicable status, participants may be contractually linked to the employer and/or receive remuneration. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF alternance trainingsandwich course
BT training systemNT apprenticeship
dual systemRT work experience
ambulance personnel USE paramedical personnel
America FD Countries and regions (14)FR AmériqueNT Caribbean island
Latin AmericaNorth America
Amsterdam Treaty USE European Treaty
Andalusia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AndalousieBT Spain
Andorra FD Countries and regions (14)FR AndorreBT Southern Europe
Angola FD Countries and regions (14)FR AngolaBT Southern Africa
annual report FD Document type (17)FR rapport annuel
applied learning USE learning
applied sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences appliquées
appreciation training USE upskilling
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 51kg809644_inside_EN.indb 51 3/02/09 9:24:123/02/09 9:24:12
apprentice 52 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
apprentice FD Training (1)FR apprentiBT traineeRT apprenticeship
level of qualifi cationoccupational status
apprenticeship FD Training (1)FR apprentissage professionnelSN Systematic, long-term training alternating
periods at the workplace and at a school or training centre. The apprentice is contractually linked to the employer and receives remuneration (wage or allowance). The employer assumes responsibility for providing the trainee with training leading to a specifi c occupation. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)
BT alternating trainingRT Apprentice
apprenticeship contract
apprenticeship contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat d’apprentissageBT labour contractRT apprenticeship
vocational training
aptitude FD Learning (3)FR aptitudeUF abilityBT personal developmentRT aptitude test
competenceknow how
aptitude test FD Training (1)FR test d’aptitudeBT selection procedureRT aptitude
test
Apulia FD Countries and regions (14)FR PouillesBT Italy
Aquitaine FD Countries and regions (14)FR AquitaineBT France
Aragon FD Countries and regions (14)FR AragonBT Spain
archaeology USE history
architect FD Occupations (8)FR architecteBT construction workerNT landscape gardenerRT architecture
urban planning
architecture FD Economic activities (9)FR architectureBT artsRT architect
construction industry
archives USE information service
archivist USE information personnel
Argentina FD Countries and regions (14)FR ArgentineBT South America
armament industry USE machinery industry
Armenia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ArménieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
army USE services
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 52kg809644_inside_EN.indb 52 3/02/09 9:24:133/02/09 9:24:13
European Training ThesaurusEN – 53 atypical worker
artifi cial intelligence FD Information and communication (5)FR intelligence artifi cielleUF knowledge based systemBT computer applicationNT expert system
artisan USE craftsman
artist FD Occupations (8)FR artisteBT cultural sector employee
arts FD Economic activities (9)FR artsUF dance
folk artsNT architecture
fi ne artsgraphic artshandicraftmusicrestorationtheatre
RT literature
Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AsieNT Central Asia
Far EastMiddle EastSouth AsiaSouth East Asia
assessment USE evaluation
assessment of competences USE assessment of learning outcomes
assessment of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR évaluation des résultats d’apprentissagesSN The process of appraising knowledge,
know-how, skills and/or competences of an individual against predefi ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement of learning outcomes). Assessment is typically followed by validation and
certifi cation. In the literature, ‘assessment’ generally refers to appraisal of individuals whereas ‘evaluation’ is more frequently used to describe appraisal of education and training methods or providers. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF assessment of competences competence assessmentBT competence
association FD Administration (11)FR associationUF organisationNT chamber of commerce
professional associationvoluntary organisationyouth organisation
RT international organisationtype of enterprise
astronomer USE science worker
Asturias FD Countries and regions (14)FR AsturiesBT Spain
atlas FD Document type (17)FR atlas
Attica FD Countries and regions (14)FR AttiqueBT Greece
attitude FD Society (12)FR attitudeUF opinionBT behaviourRT individualism
motivationpersonality
attitude toward school USE trainees’ attitude
atypical worker USE casual worker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 53kg809644_inside_EN.indb 53 3/02/09 9:24:133/02/09 9:24:13
audiovisual aid 54 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
audiovisual aid FD Learning (3)FR moyen audiovisuelSN Training aid which draws on both sight
and sound for teaching purposes (e. g. sound fi lm, video tape, slides with sound track, etc.).
BT training aidNT educational television
videoRT audiovisual industry
audiovisual methodinteractive video
audiovisual industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie audiovisuelleUF photographyBT communications industryRT audiovisual aid
audiovisual instruction USE audiovisual method
audiovisual method FD Learning (3)FR méthode audiovisuelleUF audiovisual instructionBT training methodRT audiovisual aid
auditor USE accountant
Australia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AustralieBT OceaniaRT OECD countries
Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR AutricheBT Western EuropeNT Burgenland
CarinthiaLower AustriaSalzburgStyriaTyrolUpper AustriaViennaVorarlberg
RT EU countriesOECD countries
authoring system USE training software
automated translation USE translation
automation FD Sciences and technology (4)FR automatisationSN The use of automatic devices in
production and assembly operations and their control.
BT technologyRT innovation
offi ce automationroboticswork organisation
automobile industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie automobileUF car industryBT machinery industryRT transport
Autonomous Territories of Palestine FD Countries and regions (14)FR territoires autonomes de PalestineUF Palestine authorityBT Middle East
Auvergne FD Countries and regions (14)FR AuvergneBT France
awarding body FD Administration (11)FR organisme certifi cateurSN A body which provides certifi cation
for skills acquired both formally and informally.
UF responsible bodyBT administrationRT certifi cation of learning outcomes
non-formal learning
Azerbaijan FD Countries and regions (14)FR AzerbaïdjanBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
Azores FD Countries and regions (14)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 54kg809644_inside_EN.indb 54 3/02/09 9:24:133/02/09 9:24:13
European Training ThesaurusEN – 55 Basque country
FR AçoresBT Portugal
bacteriologist USE biologist
Baden Württemberg FD Countries and regions (14)FR Bade-WurtembergBT Germany
Bahamas FD Countries and regions (14)FR BahamasBT Greater Antilles
Bahrain FD Countries and regions (14)FR BahreïnBT Gulf States
baker USE food worker
Balearic island FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles BaléaresBT Spain
Baltic States FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BaltesBT Eastern EuropeNT Estonia
LatviaLithuania
RT former USSR
Bangladesh FD Countries and regions (14)FR BangladeshBT South Asia
banking FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur bancaireBT fi nancial serviceRT banking personnel
banking personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du secteur bancaireBT business workerRT banking
barber USE hairdresser
basic education FD Education (2)FR éducation de baseSN Instruction in subjects of elementary
education. UF consumer education
fundamental educationoral expression
NT literacynumeracy
RT basic skillbasic trainingcomputer literacycontent of educationsocial skill
basic skill FD Learning (3)FR compétences de baseSN The skills needed to live in contemporary
society, listening, speaking, reading, writing and mathematics. Combined with new basic skills, basic skills form key competences. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)
BT SkillRT basic education
basic training FD Training (1)FR formation de baseSN Training given in a school or undertaking
and aiming at imparting the fundamentals of an occupation or group of occupations.
BT type of trainingRT basic education
key competences
basic wage USE wage
Basilicata FD Countries and regions (14)FR BasilicateBT Italy
Basque country FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BasqueBT Spain
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 55kg809644_inside_EN.indb 55 3/02/09 9:24:143/02/09 9:24:14
Bavaria 56 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Bavaria FD Countries and regions (14)FR BavièreBT Germany
beautician FD Occupations (8)FR esthéticienUF manicuristBT services workerRT hairdresser
behaviour FD Society (12)FR comportementNT attitude
entrepreneurshipethicsindividualismleadershipmotivationsocial behaviourteacher role
RT personal development
Belarus FD Countries and regions (14)FR BélarusBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
Belgium FD Countries and regions (14)FR BelgiqueBT Western EuropeNT Brussels Capital Region
Flemish communityFlemish regionFrench communityGerman speaking communityWalloon region
RT EU countriesOECD countries
Benin FD Countries and regions (14)FR BéninBT West Africa
Berlin FD Countries and regions (14)FR BerlinBT Germany
best practice USE case study
beverage industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des boissonsBT food industry
beverage worker USE food worker
Bhutan FD Countries and regions (14)FR BhoutanBT South Asia
bibliography FD Document type (17)FR bibliographieSN Secondary document listing entries
in a specifi ed order and containing elements which describe and uniquely identify documents. Use the descriptor “bibliography” for any organised list of references (alphabetised or arranged in any other logical way).
bilingualism FD Information and communication (5)FR bilinguismeBT multilingualism
bioengineering USE biotechnology
biologist FD Occupations (8)FR biologisteUF bacteriologist
botanistBT science workerRT biology
biology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR biologieUF botany
zoologyBT natural sciencesNT ecology
medicineRT biologist
biotechnology
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 56kg809644_inside_EN.indb 56 3/02/09 9:24:143/02/09 9:24:14
European Training ThesaurusEN – 57 Burgenland
biotechnology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR biotechnologieUF bioengineeringBT technologyRT biology
chemistry
black economy USE informal sector
blind person USE physically disabled person
blue collar worker USE manual worker
boatman USE transport services worker
Bolivia FD Countries and regions (14)FR BolivieBT South America
book industry USE publishing
book keeping USE clerical work
booklet USE pamphlet
Bosnia Herzegovina FD Countries and regions (14)FR Bosnie-et-HerzégovineBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
botanist USE biologist
botany USE biology
Botswana FD Countries and regions (14)FR BotswanaBT Southern Africa
Brandenburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrandebourgBT Germany
Brazil FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrésilBT South America
Bremen FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrêmeBT Germany
British West Indies FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles anglaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT United Kingdom
Brittany FD Countries and regions (14)FR BretagneBT France
brochure USE pamphlet
Brunei FD Countries and regions (14)FR BruneiBT South East Asia
Brussels Capital Region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région de Bruxelles-CapitaleBT Belgium
budget FD Economy (10)FR budgetBT fi nancial managementRT training budget
building industry USE construction industry
Bulgaria FD Countries and regions (14)FR BulgarieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
Burgenland FD Countries and regions (14)FR BurgenlandBT Austria
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 57kg809644_inside_EN.indb 57 3/02/09 9:24:143/02/09 9:24:14
Burgundy 58 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Burgundy FD Countries and regions (14)FR BourgogneBT France
Burkina Faso FD Countries and regions (14)FR Burkina FasoBT West Africa
Burundi FD Countries and regions (14)FR BurundiBT East Africa
bus worker USE transport services worker
business administration USE company management
business administration training USE management training
business communication USE management training
business creation USE enterprise creation
business economics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR économie de l’entrepriseUF business studiesBT economicsRT company management
business education USE management training
business engineer USE management training
business ethics USE management training
business failure USE management training
business games USE management training
business language course USE foreign language skill
business management USE company management
business restructuring USE organisational change
business service FD Economic activities (9)FR service aux entreprisesUF advertising
public relationsBT servicesNT management counselling
marketingRT advertiser
consultant
business studies USE business economics
business worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur commercialUF administrative and fi nancial personnel
managerial personnelBT occupationNT accountant
banking personnelclerical workercommercial personnelconsultantinsurance personnel
butcher USE food worker
buyer FD Occupations (8)FR acheteurBT commercial personnel
cabinet maker USE wood worker
CAD USE computer aided design
Calabria FD Countries and regions (14)FR CalabreBT Italy
CAM USE computer aided manufacturing
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 58kg809644_inside_EN.indb 58 3/02/09 9:24:153/02/09 9:24:15
European Training ThesaurusEN – 59 career development
Cambodia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CambodgeBT South East Asia
Cameroon FD Countries and regions (14)FR CamerounBT Central Africa
Campania FD Countries and regions (14)FR CampanieBT Italy
Canada FD Countries and regions (14)FR CanadaBT North AmericaRT OECD countries
Canary island FD Countries and regions (14)FR CanariesBT Spain
canning industry USE food industry
Cantabria FD Countries and regions (14)FR CantabrieBT Spain
capability USE skill
Cape Verde FD Countries and regions (14)FR Cap-VertBT West Africa
capital FD Economy (10)FR capitalBT fi nancial resource
capital aid USE fi nancial resource
capital resource USE fi nancial resource
car industry USE automobile industry
career FD Enterprise (7)FR carrièreBT human resources managementNT career break
career developmentRT employment
occupation
career aspiration USE vocational aspiration
career break FD Enterprise (7)FR interruption de carrièreUF mid career breakBT careerRT return to work
career change FD Enterprise (7)FR changement de carrièreUF occupational change
occupational transformationvocational change
BT career developmentRT employment monitoring system
retrainingsocial mobility
career choice FD Training (1)FR choix de carrièreUF choice of training
occupational choicevocational choice
BT vocational guidance
career development FD Enterprise (7)FR évolution de carrièreUF career opportunityBT careerNT career change
career planningcareer prospectscareer recordcurriculum vitaeoccupational mobilityoccupational successpromotionvocational aspiration
RT vocational guidance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 59kg809644_inside_EN.indb 59 3/02/09 9:24:153/02/09 9:24:15
career guidance 60 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
career guidance USE vocational guidance
career information USE vocational information
career management USE career planning
career opportunity USE career development
career planning FD Enterprise (7)FR planifi cation de carrièreUF career managementBT career development
career profi le USE work experience
career prospects FD Enterprise (7)FR perspectives de carrièreBT career development
career record FD Enterprise (7)FR bilan professionnelBT career developmentRT non-formal learning
careers education USE vocational guidance
careers service USE guidance service
caretaker USE services worker
Caribbean island FD Countries and regions (14)FR CaraïbesBT AmericaNT Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
Carinthia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CarinthieBT Austria
carpenter USE wood worker
case law USE legislation
case study FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR étude de casUF best practiceBT research method
Castille La Mancha FD Countries and regions (14)FR Castille-La MancheBT Spain
Castille and Leon FD Countries and regions (14)FR Castille-et-LeonBT Spain
casual worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur occasionnelUF atypical worker
marginal workerBT temporary workerRT conditions of employment
catalogue FD Document type (17)FR catalogueUF library catalogue
online catalogue
Catalonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CatalogneBT Spain
catering industry USE hotel industry
catering personnel USE hotel personnel
CdT USE Translation Centre for Bodies of the
European Union
Cedefop FD European Union (15)FR CedefopUF European Centre for the Development of
Vocational TrainingBT agencies and other bodies
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 60kg809644_inside_EN.indb 60 3/02/09 9:24:153/02/09 9:24:15
European Training ThesaurusEN – 61 certifi cation of competences
RT information centreinformation networkresearch centre
cement industry USE construction industry
census FD Population (13)FR recensementBT populationRT statistics
Central Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique centraleBT AfricaNT Cameroon
Central African RepublicChadCongoCongo Democratic RepublicEquatorial GuineaGabon
Central African Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République centrafricaineBT Central Africa
Central America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique centraleBT Latin AmericaNT Costa Rica
El SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanama
Central Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie centraleBT AsiaNT Kazakhstan
KyrgyzstanMongoliaTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan
central government FD Administration (11)FR gouvernement central
BT governmentRT centralisation
public administration
Central Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grèce centraleBT Greece
Central Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR Portugal centralBT Portugal
centralisation FD Administration (11)FR centralisationBT administrative structureRT central government
Centre FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région du CentreBT France
ceramics industry USE glass industry
ceramics worker USE glass worker
certifi cate FD Learning (3)FR diplômeSN An offi cial document, issued by an
awarding body, which records the achievements of an individual following assessment and validation against a predefi ned standard. (Source: Cedefop, 2006.)
UF certifi cate of competencediplomaEuropean baccalaureatetrade certifi cateuniversity entrance classifi cation
BT certifi cation of learning outcomesNT A level
academic degreeRT vocational qualifi cation
certifi cate of competence USE certifi cate
certifi cation of competences USE certifi cation of learning outcomes
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 61kg809644_inside_EN.indb 61 3/02/09 9:24:153/02/09 9:24:15
certifi cation of learning outcomes 62 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
certifi cation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR certifi cation des résultats d’apprentissageSN The process of issuing a certifi cate,
diploma or title formally attesting that a set of learning outcomes (knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual have been assessed and validated by a competent body against a predefi ned standard. Certifi cation may validate the outcome of learning acquired in formal, non-formal or informal settings. (Source: Cedefop, 2002 and 2006.)
UF certifi cation of competencesvalidation of competences
NT certifi catecomparability of qualifi cationsequivalence of certifi catesrecognition of qualifi cationstraining credittraining passporttransparency of qualifi cationsvalidation of learning outcomes
RT awarding bodycompletion of training
Ceuta FD Countries and regions (14)FR CeutaBT Spain
Chad FD Countries and regions (14)FR TchadBT Central Africa
chamber of commerce FD Administration (11)FR chambre de commerceUF chamber of industry and commerceBT associationRT industry
trade
chamber of industry and commerce USE chamber of commerce
Champagne Ardenne FD Countries and regions (14)FR Champagne-ArdennesBT France
Channel island FD Countries and regions (14)
FR îles Anglo-NormandesBT Western Europe
chat FD Document type (17)FR bavardage en ligneSN Use for Internet email systems to
communicate instantaneously with others who are online.
chemical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie chimiqueUF fertiliser industry
petrochemical industryrubber industry
BT industryNT pharmaceutical industry
plastics industry
chemist FD Occupations (8)FR chimisteBT science worker
chemistry FD Sciences and technology (4)FR chimieBT pure sciencesRT biotechnology
child FD Population (13)FR enfantBT age groupRT child care facilities
children’s rightsfamily
child benefi t USE family allowance
child care facilities FD Administration (11)FR service de garde d’enfantUF child minding service
day carework place nursery
BT social serviceRT child
female employment
child minding service USE child care facilities
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 62kg809644_inside_EN.indb 62 3/02/09 9:24:163/02/09 9:24:16
European Training ThesaurusEN – 63 clerical work
children’s rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de l’enfantUF rights of the childBT human rightsRT child
Chile FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChiliBT South America
China FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChineBT Far East
choice of studies FD Education (2)FR choix des étudesBT educational guidanceRT training abroad
choice of training USE career choice
church USE religion
cinema USE fi lm industry
circular USE regulation
citizenship FD Society (12)FR citoyennetéUF nationalityBT social integrationRT civil rights
city government USE local authority
city planning USE urban planning
civil engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR génie civilBT engineeringRT construction industry
civil liberty USE civil rights
civil rights FD Administration (11)FR droits du citoyenUF civil libertyBT human rightsNT freedom of movementRT citizenship
civil servant FD Labour (6)FR fonctionnaireBT occupational statusRT civil service
clerical worker
civil service FD Administration (11)FR fonction publiqueBT public administrationRT civil servant
public service
clandestine employment USE illegal work
clandestine work USE illegal work
cleaner USE services worker
clerical personnel USE clerical worker
clerical training FD Training (1)FR formation aux emplois de bureauUF secretarial trainingBT sectoral trainingRT clerical work
clerical worker
clerical work FD Economic activities (9)FR emploi de bureauUF book keeping
offi ce workBT servicesRT clerical training
clerical workeroffi ce automation
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 63kg809644_inside_EN.indb 63 3/02/09 9:24:163/02/09 9:24:16
clerical worker 64 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
clerical worker FD Occupations (8)FR employé de bureauUF clerical personnel
data typistoffi ce clerkoffi ce workertelephonisttypist
BT business workerNT secretaryRT civil servant
clerical trainingclerical workoffi ce automation
client group USE target group
clothing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du vêtementUF dressmakingBT textile industryRT leather industry
textile worker
coal miner USE miner
cognition USE cognitive process
cognitive process FD Learning (3)FR processus cognitifUF cognitionBT intellectual developmentRT problem solving
collective agreement FD Enterprise (7)FR convention collectiveSN Agreement concerning the working
conditions of a particular group of workers concluded between the workers’ representatives and the employers.
UF tariff agreementBT labour relationsRT collective bargaining
collective bargaining FD Enterprise (7)FR négociation collective
SN The process by which representatives of employers and those of the employees discuss and negotiate the various phases of their relationship with a view to arriving at a mutually acceptable labour agreement.
BT labour relationsRT collective agreement
college degree USE academic degree
college entrance certifi cate USE entrance examination
college of education FD Education (2)FR centre de formation des enseignantsUF teacher training collegeBT higher education instituteRT teacher training
training centre
college of further education USE post secondary education
college of technology USE non-university higher education
Colombia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ColombieBT South America
commentary FD Document type (17)FR commentaireSN Use for commentary on legal texts or
documents (the discussion of the Treaty of Amsterdam). Use legal text for the text itself.
commerce USE trade
commercial distribution FD Economic activities (9)FR distributionUF distributive tradeBT tradeNT electronic commerce
retail tradewholesale trade
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 64kg809644_inside_EN.indb 64 3/02/09 9:24:163/02/09 9:24:16
European Training ThesaurusEN – 65 Community funds
commercial personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel commercialUF sales occupation
sales representativesales worker
BT business workerNT advertiser
buyersales person
RT trade
Committee of the Regions FD European Union (15)FR Comité des régionsBT Community institutions
communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communicationNT communication medium
interpersonal communication
communication medium FD Information and communication (5)FR moyen de communicationBT communicationNT language
mass mediatelecommunication
RT distance learning
communication skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en communicationUF interactive skillBT social skillRT interpersonal communication
communications industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la communicationBT industryNT audiovisual industry
fi lm industryprinting industrypublishingtelecommunications industry
RT mass media
communications satellite USE satellite communication
Community activity FD European Union (15)FR activité communautaireBT European constructionNT Community programme
Community budget FD European Union (15)FR budget communautaireBT Community fi nanceRT European Court of Auditors
Community decision FD European Union (15)FR décision communautaireUF EC decisionBT Community legislation
community development FD Administration (11)FR développement localBT local authorityRT local planning
Community directive FD European Union (15)FR directive communautaireUF EC directiveBT Community legislation
Community external relations FD European Union (15)FR relations extérieures de la CommunautéUF EC agreement
European Economic AreaBT European construction
Community fi nance FD European Union (15)FR fi nance communautaireNT Community budget
Community funds
Community funds FD European Union (15)FR fonds communautairesUF social fundBT Community fi nance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 65kg809644_inside_EN.indb 65 3/02/09 9:24:173/02/09 9:24:17
Community institutions 66 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Community institutions FD European Union (15)FR institutions communautairesUF EC institutionNT agencies and other bodies
Committee of the RegionsCouncil of the European UnionCourt of JusticeEuropean CommissionEuropean Court of AuditorsEuropean Economic and Social CommitteeEuropean Investment BankEuropean OmbudsmanEuropean Parliament
RT Community opinion
Community law FD European Union (15)FR droit communautaireSN Community law consists of the founding
Treaties (primary legislation) and the provisions of instruments enacted by the Community institutions by virtue of them (secondary legislation).
UF EC lawEuropean law
NT Community legislationEuropean Treaty
RT Court of Justice
Community legislation FD European Union (15)FR législation communautaireBT Community lawNT Community decision
Community directiveCommunity opinionCommunity recommendationCommunity regulationCommunity resolution
Community of Madrid FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté de MadridBT Spain
Community of Valencia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté de ValenceBT Spain
Community opinion FD European Union (15)FR avis communautaire
BT Community legislationRT Community institutions
European Commission
community participation FD Administration (11)FR participation localeBT local authorityRT social behaviour
Community policy FD European Union (15)FR politique communautaireUF EC policy
EU policyBT European construction
Community programme FD European Union (15)FR programme communautaireSN Use for describing all European
programmes and actions. UF EC programme
EU programmeBT Community activityNT Adapt
Employment programmeEqualErasmusEuropassEuropean dimensionEuropean yearGrundtvigLeonardo da VinciLifelong Learning ProgrammeLinguaMinervaSocratesTempusYouth programme
Community recommendation FD European Union (15)FR recommandation communautaireUF EC recommendationBT Community legislation
Community regulation FD European Union (15)FR règlement communautaireUF EC regulationBT Community legislation
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 66kg809644_inside_EN.indb 66 3/02/09 9:24:173/02/09 9:24:17
European Training ThesaurusEN – 67 competence assessment
Community resolution FD European Union (15)FR résolution communautaireBT Community legislation
company USE enterprise
company closure FD Enterprise (7)FR fermeture d’entrepriseUF plant shutdownBT company managementRT redundancy
company fi nancing USE fi nancial management
company management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion de l’entrepriseUF business administration
business managementmanagement board
BT enterpriseNT company closure
organisational changeproduction managementreengineeringwork attitude
RT business economicsfi nancial managementoffi ce automation
comparability of certifi cations USE comparability of qualifi cations
comparability of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR comparabilité des certifi cationsSN The extent to which it is possible to
establish equivalence between the level and content of qualifi cations (certifi cates diplomas or titles) at sectoral, regional, national or international levels. Comparability of qualifi cations improves individuals’ employability and mobility. This term must not be confused with ‘equivalence of qualifi cations’ (which refers to the similarity of value of certifi cates or diplomas). (Source: Cedefop, 2000.)
UF comparability of certifi cations comparison of qualifi cations
BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT transparency of qualifi cations
comparative analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse comparativeUF comparative research
comparative studyBT research method
comparative education FD Education (2)FR éducation comparéeBT educational research
comparative research USE comparative analysis
comparative study USE comparative analysis
comparison of qualifi cations USE comparability of qualifi cations
competence FD Learning (3)FR compétenceSN The ability to apply learning outcomes
adequately in a defi ned context (education, work, personal or professional development). Competence is not limited to cognitive elements (involving the use of theory, concepts or tacit knowledge); it also encompasses functional aspects (involving technical skills) as well as interpersonal attributes (social or organisational skills) and ethical values. (Source: Cedefop and EQF working group, 2006.)
NT assessment of learning outcomesidentifi cation of learning outcomesrecognition of learning outcomesskill
RT aptitudeknow howknowledgeperformanceskill shortagevocational qualifi cation
competence assessment USE assessment of learning outcomes
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 67kg809644_inside_EN.indb 67 3/02/09 9:24:173/02/09 9:24:17
competition 68 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
competition FD Economy (10)FR concurrenceUF competitive enterprise
competitivenesscompetitivityeconomic competition
BT economic condition
competitive employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi compétitifSN Employment where disabled workers are
bound by the same conditions, standards and pay systems as other workers.
UF open employmentBT conditions of employmentRT disabled worker
competitive enterprise USE competition
competitiveness USE competition
competitivity USE competition
compilation FD Document type (17)FR compilationUF festschrift
review
completion of training FD Training (1)FR fi nalisation de formationBT course attendanceRT certifi cation of learning outcomes
school leaving
compulsory education FD Education (2)FR enseignement obligatoireUF formal education
statutory educationBT educational administration
compulsory subject USE curriculum subject
computer FD Information and communication (5)FR ordinateur
UF interfaceterminaluser friendliness
BT hardwareNT microcomputerRT computer based learning
computer engineeringcomputing personneltraining aid
computer aided design FD Information and communication (5)FR conception assistée par ordinateurUF CAD
computer assisted designBT computer application
computer aided manufacturing FD Information and communication (5)FR fabrication assistée par ordinateurUF CAMBT computer applicationRT production
computer application FD Information and communication (5)FR application informatiqueBT informaticsNT artifi cial intelligence
computer aided designcomputer aided manufacturingcomputer graphicsfl exible manufacturing systeminformation systemoffi ce automationtelematics
RT emailrobotics
computer assisted design USE computer aided design
computer assisted instruction USE computer based learning
computer assisted learning USE computer based learning
computer based learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage assisté par ordinateurUF computer assisted instruction
computer assisted learningdidactic use of computer
BT training method
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 68kg809644_inside_EN.indb 68 3/02/09 9:24:183/02/09 9:24:18
European Training ThesaurusEN – 69 Congo
RT computereLearninghypermediamultimedia systemtraining software
computer engineering FD Information and communication (5)FR ingénierie informatiqueBT informaticsRT computer
computing personnelengineering
computer graphics FD Information and communication (5)FR infographieBT computer applicationRT graphic arts
computer industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie informatiqueUF data processing industryBT industryRT informatics
computer literacy FD Training (1)FR compétences de base en informatiqueBT computer trainingRT basic education
informatics
computer network FD Information and communication (5)FR réseau informatiqueBT telecommunicationNT InternetRT hardware
information networksoftware
computer operator USE computing personnel
computer personnel USE computing personnel
computer programmer USE computing personnel
computer science USE informatics
computer scientist USE computing personnel
computer training FD Training (1)FR formation à l’informatiqueBT sectoral trainingNT computer literacy
computing personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel informatiqueUF computer operator
computer personnelcomputer programmercomputer scientistsystems analystsystems designerwebmaster
BT engineering workerRT computer
computer engineering
conditions of employment FD Labour (6)FR conditions d’emploiUF employment conditionBT employmentNT competitive employment
self employmentsheltered employmenttemporary employmenttermination of employment
RT casual workerdisabled workerworking conditions
confectioner USE food worker
conference paper FD Document type (17)FR article de conférenceSN Contribution of a speaker to a conference,
congress or meeting.
conference report USE proceedings
Congo FD Countries and regions (14)FR CongoBT Central Africa
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 69kg809644_inside_EN.indb 69 3/02/09 9:24:183/02/09 9:24:18
Congo Democratic Republic 70 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Congo Democratic Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République démocratique du CongoBT Central Africa
Connacht FD Countries and regions (14)FR ConnachtBT Ireland
constitution FD Administration (11)FR constitutionBT institutional frameworkRT state
construction industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la constructionUF building industry
cement industryBT industryRT architecture
civil engineeringconstruction workerhousing
construction worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession du bâtimentUF fl oor and wall tiler
glazierinsulatormason bricklayerpainter and decoratorplastererplumberroof slater and tilerstonemason and cutter
BT occupationNT architectRT construction industry
consultant FD Occupations (8)FR consultantUF management consultantBT business workerRT business service
management counselling
consumer education USE basic education
content of education FD Education (2)FR contenu de l’éducationNT environmental education
health educationRT basic education
general educationvocational education
continuing education FD Education (2)FR enseignement continueUF adult education
recurrent educationworkers’ education
BT education systemRT adult learning
adult trainingcontinuing traininglifelong learning
continuing training FD Training (1)FR formation continueSN Training after initial training – or after
entry into working life – aimed at helping individuals to improve or update their knowledge and/or skills; acquire new skills for a career move or retraining; continue their personal or professional development. (Source: Cedefop, 2002.).
UF continuing vocational trainingfurther trainingpermanent vocational trainingsupplementary training
BT type of trainingRT continuing education
lifelong learningvocational rehabilitation
continuing vocational training USE continuing training
continuous professional development USE lifelong learning
contract of employment USE labour contract
control instruments mechanic USE electrician
cook USE hotel personnel
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 70kg809644_inside_EN.indb 70 3/02/09 9:24:183/02/09 9:24:18
European Training ThesaurusEN – 71 Court of Justice
cooperative FD Enterprise (7)FR coopérativeBT type of enterpriseRT self management
core skill USE key competences
corporate income USE profi t
correspondence course FD Learning (3)FR cours par correspondanceBT distance learning
correspondence of qualifi cations USE recognition of qualifi cations
Corsica FD Countries and regions (14)FR CorseBT France
cost analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse des coûtsBT research method
cost benefi t analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse coût avantageBT research method
cost effectiveness FD Economy (10)FR effi cacité des dépenses engagéesBT fi nancial management
cost of education FD Training (1)FR coût de l’éducationUF educational expenditureBT economics of educationNT cost of training
cost of living USE quality of life
cost of training FD Training (1)FR coût de la formation
UF training costtraining expendituretraining investment
BT cost of educationRT fi nancing of training
Costa Rica FD Countries and regions (14)FR Costa RicaBT Central America
Council of Europe FD International organisations (16)FR Conseil de l’EuropeBT international organisation
Council of the European Union FD European Union (15)FR Conseil de l’Union européenneUF EC CouncilBT Community institutions
country of origin FD Population (13)FR pays d’origineBT emigrationRT migrant
course attendance FD Training (1)FR fréquentation des coursBT training managementNT completion of trainingRT training dropout
course design FD Training (1)FR conception des coursBT training programme
course subject USE curriculum subject
courseware USE training software
court USE legislation
Court of Justice FD European Union (15)FR Cour de justiceUF EC Court of JusticeBT Community institutionsRT Community law
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 71kg809644_inside_EN.indb 71 3/02/09 9:24:183/02/09 9:24:18
craft 72 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
craft USE handicraft
craft training FD Training (1)FR formation aux professions artisanalesUF trades’ trainingBT sectoral trainingRT handicraft
craftsman FD Labour (6)FR artisanUF artisanBT occupational statusNT mastercraftsmanRT handicraft
creative thinking USE creativity
creativity FD Learning (3)FR créativitéUF creative thinkingBT personal developmentRT innovation
work attitude
credit system USE training credit
credit unit USE training credit
Crete FD Countries and regions (14)FR CrèteBT Greece
crime USE delinquency
Croatia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CroatieBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
crossborder cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération transfrontalièreSN Transfrontier and regional cooperation in
border areas. For all other transnational
cooperations use “international cooperation”.
BT international cooperationRT frontier worker
Cuba FD Countries and regions (14)FR CubaBT Greater Antilles
cultural background USE culture
cultural identity FD Society (12)FR identité culturelleBT cultureRT migration
cultural integration FD Society (12)FR intégration culturelleBT social integration
cultural policy FD Administration (11)FR politique culturelleBT government policyRT culture
cultural rights USE human rights
cultural sector employee FD Occupations (8)FR personnel du secteur culturelUF photographerBT occupationNT artist
performing artist
cultural service FD Economic activities (9)FR service culturelUF museumBT servicesNT libraryRT culture
culture FD Society (12)FR cultureUF cultural backgroundBT social environment
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 72kg809644_inside_EN.indb 72 3/02/09 9:24:193/02/09 9:24:19
European Training ThesaurusEN – 73 day release
NT cultural identitymulticultural environment
RT cultural policycultural service
curriculum FD Learning (3)FR programme d’étudesNT curriculum development
curriculum researchcurriculum subject
RT duration of studiesEuropean dimensiontraining coursetraining programmetraining specifi cation
curriculum design USE curriculum development
curriculum development FD Learning (3)FR élaboration des programmes d’étudesUF curriculum design
curriculum reformBT curriculumRT educational development
curriculum reform USE curriculum development
curriculum research FD Learning (3)FR recherche sur les programmesBT curriculumRT educational research
curriculum subject FD Learning (3)FR matière d’enseignementUF compulsory subject
course subjectschool subjectteaching subject
BT curriculumNT foreign language learningRT teaching
curriculum vitae FD Enterprise (7)FR curriculum vitaeBT career development
cutter USE textile worker
Cyprus FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChypreBT Southern EuropeRT EU countries
Czech Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République tchèqueBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
OECD countries
dairy industry USE food industry
dance USE arts
dancer USE performing artist
data management FD Information and communication (5)FR gestion des donnéesBT information systemRT database
data processing USE information processing
data processing industry USE computer industry
data typist USE clerical worker
databanks USE database
database FD Document type (17)FR base de donnéesSN Collection of data objects stored
together, in electronic form, according to one schema and made accessible by computer.
UF databanksRT data management
day care USE child care facilities
day release USE training leave
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 73kg809644_inside_EN.indb 73 3/02/09 9:24:193/02/09 9:24:19
deaf person 74 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
deaf person USE physically disabled person
decentralisation FD Administration (11)FR décentralisationSN Transfer of public competences from a
central level to lower geographical levels, regional or local levels.
BT administrative structureRT local authority
decree USE regulation
delinquency FD Society (12)FR délinquanceUF crimeBT social problemNT juvenile delinquencyRT prisoner training
demand for education USE educational needs
demography FD Sciences and technology (4)FR démographieBT social sciencesRT population
Denmark FD Countries and regions (14)FR DanemarkBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries
OECD countries
dentist FD Occupations (8)FR dentisteBT health worker
deskilling FD Labour (6)FR déqualifi cationUF downgradingBT vocational qualifi cation
developed countries FD Economy (10)FR pays développésBT economic development
developing area FD Administration (11)FR zone en développementUF development area
disadvantaged areaBT regional planning
developing countries FD Economy (10)FR pays en développementBT economic development
development aid FD Administration (11)FR aide au développementBT international cooperationNT technical assistanceRT training assistance
World Bank
development area USE developing area
development of education USE educational development
deviance USE social problem
dictionary FD Document type (17)FR dictionnaire
didactic use of computer USE computer based learning
didactics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR didactiqueBT sciences of educationRT educational technology
training aid
dietician USE paramedical personnel
diploma USE certifi cate
directory FD Document type (17)FR répertoire
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 74kg809644_inside_EN.indb 74 3/02/09 9:24:193/02/09 9:24:19
European Training ThesaurusEN – 75 distance education
SN Reference work-giving information arranged in alphabetic, chronological or systematic order for the identifi cation or location of persons, objects corporate bodies or places.
disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapéUF handicapped personBT sociocultural groupNT mentally disabled person
physically disabled personsocially disabled person
RT disabled workervocational rehabilitation
disabled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur handicapéUF handicapped workerBT workerRT competitive employment
conditions of employmentdisabled personsheltered employmentvocational rehabilitation
disadvantaged area USE developing area
disadvantaged group FD Society (12)FR groupe défavoriséSN People who are excluded from social
rights or from social life or whose situation is precarious, the handicapped, disabled people, immigrants, ethnic minorities, (long-term) unemployed, low skilled, welfare recipients, drug addicts.
UF ex offenderpeople at riskvulnerable group
BT sociocultural groupRT juvenile delinquency
learning diffi cultymarginalisationprisoner trainingrefugeesocial exclusiontarget group
disclosure of information USE right to information
discrimination FD Society (12)FR discriminationBT social behaviourNT racial discrimination
sex discriminationsocial discrimination
RT positive discriminationsocial policy
discussion group USE discussion list
discussion list FD Document type (17)FR forum de discussionSN Discussion group on a given topic or
topics that takes place over a computer network among subscribers to an electronic mailing list and in which the contributions from individual participants are sent automatically as electronic messages to the entire list of subscribers.
UF discussion groupeforum
discussion paper USE working paper
disguised unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage déguiséSN Refers to the labour force not reported
as unemployed because it is not actively seeking work for one reason or another.
BT unemployment
dismissal USE termination of employment
displacement USE occupational mobility
dissertation USE thesis
distance education USE distance learning
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 75kg809644_inside_EN.indb 75 3/02/09 9:24:203/02/09 9:24:20
distance learning 76 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
distance learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage à distanceSN Education and training imparted at
a distance through communication media: books, radio, TV, telephone, correspondence, computer or video. (Source: adapted from ILO Thesaurus.)
UF distance educationdistance studydistance training
BT training methodNT correspondence courseRT communication medium
educational televisioneLearningopen universityout of school educationsatellite communication
distance study USE distance learning
distance training USE distance learning
distributive trade USE commercial distribution
Djibouti FD Countries and regions (14)FR DjiboutiBT East Africa
docker FD Occupations (8)FR dockerUF freight handlerBT transport services workerRT sea transport
documentalist USE information personnel
documentary dossier FD Document type (17)FR dossier documentaireSN A set a documents chosen and put
together.
documentary network USE information network
documentation FD Information and communication (5)
FR documentationBT informationNT information dissemination
information processinginformation retrievalinformation storage
RT information science
documentation centre USE information centre
domestic worker USE services worker
downgrading USE deskilling
draft FD Document type (17)FR brouillon
drawing USE graphic arts
Drenthe FD Countries and regions (14)FR DrentheBT Netherlands
dressmaking USE clothing industry
driver FD Occupations (8)FR conducteurBT transport services worker
drug addiction USE addiction
dual jobholding USE multiple employment
dual labour market USE labour market segmentation
dual qualifi cation USE multiple employment
dual system FD Training (1)FR système dualSN A system of training which combines
formal education and training with work
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 76kg809644_inside_EN.indb 76 3/02/09 9:24:203/02/09 9:24:20
European Training ThesaurusEN – 77 EC Court of Auditors
experience. The term is used to refer to the system used in Germany and Austria.
BT alternating training
dumb person USE physically disabled person
duration of studies FD Education (2)FR durée des étudesUF length of studies
study durationBT educational policyRT curriculum
duration of training
duration of training FD Training (1)FR durée de la formationUF training durationBT training managementRT duration of studies
prolonged schooling
early retirement FD Labour (6)FR préretraiteBT retirement
early school leaver USE educational dropout
East Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique orientaleBT AfricaNT Burundi
DjiboutiEritreaEthiopiaKenyaRwandaSomaliaSudanTanzaniaUganda
East Anglia FD Countries and regions (14)FR East AngliaBT England
East Midlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midlands de l’Est
BT England
East Timor FD Countries and regions (14)FR Timor orientalBT South East Asia
Eastern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe de l’EstBT EuropeNT Albania
ArmeniaAzerbaijanBaltic StatesBelarusBosnia HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzech Republicformer USSRformer Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaformer YugoslaviaGeorgiaHungaryKosovoMontenegroPolandRepublic of MoldovaRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovak RepublicSloveniaUkraineVojvodina
RT EstoniaLatviaLithuania
EC agreement USE Community external relations
EC Commission USE European Commission
EC Council USE Council of the European Union
EC countries USE EU countries
EC Court of Auditors USE European Court of Auditors
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 77kg809644_inside_EN.indb 77 3/02/09 9:24:203/02/09 9:24:20
EC Court of Justice 78 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
EC Court of Justice USE Court of Justice
EC decision USE Community decision
EC directive USE Community directive
EC institution USE Community institutions
EC integration USE enlargement of the Community
EC internal market FD European Union (15)FR marché intérieur CEBT European construction
EC law USE Community law
EC policy USE Community policy
EC programme USE Community programme
EC recommendation USE Community recommendation
EC regulation USE Community regulation
ECB USE European Central Bank
ecology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR écologieBT biologyRT environment
economic aid USE economic resource
economic competition USE competition
economic condition FD Economy (10)FR condition économiqueUF economic situation
NT competitioneconomic crisis
RT economic developmenteconomic resource
economic crisis FD Economy (10)FR crise économiqueUF economic recessionBT economic condition
economic development FD Economy (10)FR développement économiqueUF economic growthNT developed countries
developing countriesindustrial developmentregional development
RT agricultureeconomic conditioneconomic policyeconomic resourceenterpriseindustryOECDservices
economic growth USE economic development
economic legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation économiqueBT legislationRT economics
economy
economic planning FD Economy (10)FR planifi cation économiqueBT economic policyNT economic statisticsRT planning
economic policy FD Economy (10)FR politique économiqueNT agricultural policy
economic planningfi nancial policyincomes policyindustrial policymonetary policyresearch policy
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 78kg809644_inside_EN.indb 78 3/02/09 9:24:213/02/09 9:24:21
European Training ThesaurusEN – 79 education fees
sustainable developmenttrade policy
RT economic developmentgovernment policy
economic recession USE economic crisis
economic resource FD Economy (10)FR ressource économiqueUF economic aidNT fi nancial resource
human capitalRT economic condition
economic development
economic sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur économiqueNT primary sector
secondary sectortertiary sector
economic situation USE economic condition
economic statistics FD Economy (10)FR statistiques économiquesBT economic planning
economic system FD Economy (10)FR système économiqueNT informal sector
mixed economyprivate sectorpublic sectorsocial economy
economically active population USE manpower
economics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences économiquesBT social sciencesNT business economicsRT economic legislation
economics of educationeconomyhumanities worker
economics of education FD Training (1)FR économie de l’éducationUF economics of training
training outcomeNT cost of education
educational needsfi nancing of educationfi nancing of trainingtraining budgettraining markettraining marketingtraining needs
RT economicseconomygrant
economics of training USE economics of education
economist USE humanities worker
economy FD Economy (10)FR économieNT market
productionproductivity
RT economic legislationeconomicseconomics of education
Ecuador FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉquateurBT South America
education FD Education (2)FR éducationNT educational background
educational researchRT educational objective
educational policyquality of educationsciences of educationteachingUnesco
education budget USE training budget
education fees USE training fee
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 79kg809644_inside_EN.indb 79 3/02/09 9:24:213/02/09 9:24:21
education participation rate 80 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
education participation rate USE training participation rate
education system FD Education (2)FR système d’enseignementUF educational systemNT continuing education
general educationout of school educationspecial needs educationvocational education
RT educational policyeducational reformlevel of educationtraining system
education worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’éducationUF teaching profession
training and teaching personnelBT occupationNT educationalist
guidance offi cerinspectorteaching personneltraining personnel
educational administration FD Education (2)FR administration de l’éducationUF educational managementNT compulsory education
educational opportunityeducational resourceeducational statisticsprivate educationschoolingstate educationstudent mobility
RT administrationheadteacherministry of educationpublic administration
educational admission USE access to education
educational aid USE training aid
educational aim USE educational objective
educational assessment USE training evaluation
educational background FD Education (2)FR acquis éducatifBT educationRT educational defi cit
educational building USE educational facility
educational counselling USE educational guidance
educational credit USE training credit
educational defi cit FD Education (2)FR défi cit d’éducationUF educational disadvantageBT quality of educationRT educational background
educational development FD Education (2)FR développement de l’éducationSN Developmental change of one or more
characteristics of the educational system variables in a positive direction in terms of some valued criterion. Use more specifi c descriptor where appropriate (Unesco).
UF development of educationBT educational policyNT educational innovationRT curriculum development
pilot project
educational disadvantage USE educational defi cit
educational dropout FD Education (2)FR abandon des étudesSN Withdrawal from an education programme
before completion. This term designates both the process (early school-leaving) and the persons (early school-leavers) who fail to complete a course. Besides early school leavers, dropouts may also include learners who have completed education or training but failed the examinations. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of education.)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 80kg809644_inside_EN.indb 80 3/02/09 9:24:213/02/09 9:24:21
European Training ThesaurusEN – 81 educational orientation
UF early school leaverschool dropout
BT schoolingRT training dropout
educational establishment USE educational institution
educational expenditure USE cost of education
educational facility FD Education (2)FR équipement éducatifUF educational buildingBT educational resource
educational game FD Learning (3)FR jeu éducatifBT training aidRT simulation training
educational grant USE student allowance
educational guidance FD Education (2)FR orientation pédagogiqueUF educational counselling
educational orientationschool guidanceuniversity guidance
NT choice of studiesRT guidance offi cer
training informationvocational guidance
educational innovation FD Education (2)FR innovation pédagogiqueBT educational developmentRT educational research
experimental educationinnovationtraining innovation
educational institution FD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignementUF educational establishmentNT higher education institute
schooluniversity
RT training centretraining institution
educational leave USE training leave
educational legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation de l’éducationBT legislationRT educational policy
educational reform
educational level USE level of education
educational loan USE fi nancing of education
educational management USE educational administration
educational material USE training material
educational needs FD Training (1)FR besoin d’éducationUF demand for educationBT economics of educationRT training needs
educational objective FD Education (2)FR objectif de l’éducationUF educational aim
educational philosophylearning objectivelearning to learnteaching objective
BT educational policyRT education
training objective
educational opportunity FD Education (2)FR chances d’éducationUF educational supplyBT educational administrationNT second chance schoolsRT equal opportunities
educational orientation USE educational guidance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 81kg809644_inside_EN.indb 81 3/02/09 9:24:213/02/09 9:24:21
educational philosophy 82 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
educational philosophy USE educational objective
educational planning FD Education (2)FR planifi cation de l’éducationBT educational policyRT educational reform
planningplanning of training
educational policy FD Education (2)FR politique de l’éducationNT access to education
duration of studieseducational developmenteducational objectiveeducational planningeducational reformprolonged schoolingschool enterprise relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship
RT educationeducation systemeducational legislationgovernment policyministry of educationtraining policy
educational psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologie de l’éducationUF psychology of education
psychology of learningBT psychology
educational quality USE quality of education
educational reform FD Education (2)FR réforme de l’éducationBT educational policyRT education system
educational legislationeducational planningtraining reform
educational research FD Education (2)FR recherche en éducationBT educationNT comparative education
RT curriculum researcheducational innovationeducational theoryresearchresearch fi eldtraining research
educational resource FD Education (2)FR ressource éducativeBT educational administrationNT educational facility
educational sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologie de l’éducationSN Sociology applied to the world of
education and of training. BT sociology
educational software USE training software
educational statistics FD Education (2)FR statistiques de l’éducationBT educational administrationNT number of students
schooling rateRT statistics
training statistics
educational supply USE educational opportunity
educational system USE education system
educational technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologie de l’éducationBT technologyRT didactics
teachingtraining method
educational television FD Learning (3)FR télévision éducativeBT audiovisual aidRT distance learning
television
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 82kg809644_inside_EN.indb 82 3/02/09 9:24:223/02/09 9:24:22
European Training ThesaurusEN – 83 electrical industry
educational theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de l’éducationUF theory of educationBT sciences of educationRT educational research
training theory
educational tour USE study tour
educational wastage USE training wastage
educationalist FD Occupations (8)FR pédagogueBT education workerRT sciences of education
EESC USE European Economic and Social
Committee
effectiveness USE effi ciency
effi ciency FD Learning (3)FR effi cacitéUF effectivenessBT performance
effi ciency wage USE wage
eforum USE discussion list
EFTA FD International organisations (16)FR AELEUF European Free Trade AssociationBT international organisationRT Europe
IcelandNorwaySwitzerland
Egypt FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉgypteBT North Africa
EIB USE European Investment Bank
ejournal USE journal
El Salvador FD Countries and regions (14)FR SalvadorBT Central America
elderly USE older person
eLearning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage électroniqueSN Learning supported by information
and communication technologies (ICT). (Source: Cedefop, 2002 and 2006.)
UF eTeachingBT learning methodRT computer based learning
distance learningInternet
eLearning material USE learning material
election USE politics
electrical engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR électrotechniqueBT engineeringRT electrical industry
electrical fi tter USE electrician
electrical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie électriqueBT industryRT electrical engineering
electricianelectricity industry
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 83kg809644_inside_EN.indb 83 3/02/09 9:24:223/02/09 9:24:22
electrician 84 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
electrician FD Occupations (8)FR électricienUF control instruments mechanic
electrical fi tterservice mechanictelecommunications fi tter
BT engineering workerRT electrical industry
electricity industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de l’électricitéBT power industryRT electrical industry
electromechanical industry USE machinery industry
electronic commerce FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce électroniqueBT commercial distribution
electronics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR électroniqueBT engineeringNT microelectronicsRT electronics industry
electronics industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie électroniqueBT industryRT electronics
electrotyper USE printing worker
elementary education USE primary education
elementary school USE primary school
elite FD Society (12)FR éliteBT social classNT gifted person
email FD Document type (17)FR messagerie électronique
RT computer applicationtelecommunication
embroiderer USE textile worker
emigrant USE migrant
emigration FD Population (13)FR émigrationBT international migrationNT country of originRT migrant
Emilia Romagna FD Countries and regions (14)FR Êmilie-RomagneBT Italy
empirical research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche empiriqueBT research
employability FD Labour (6)FR employabilitéSN A combination of factors which enable
individuals to progress towards or get into employment, stay in employment and progress during their careers. Employability of individuals depends (a) on personal attributes (including adequacy of knowledge and skills); (b) on the way these personal attributes are presented on the labour market; (c) on the environmental and social context (incentives and opportunities offered to update and validate their knowledge and skills); and (d) on the economic context. (Source: adapted from Scottish Executive and The Institute for Employment Studies.)
BT labour marketRT employment policy
skill development
employed persons USE manpower
employee FD Labour (6)FR salarié
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 84kg809644_inside_EN.indb 84 3/02/09 9:24:223/02/09 9:24:22
European Training ThesaurusEN – 85 employment pattern
SN A person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, pieces-rates or pay in kind (ILO).
UF wage earnerBT occupational statusRT employees’ attitude
worker
employee profi le USE occupational profi le
employees’ association USE trade union
employees’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des travailleursBT work attitudeRT employee
labour relations
employees’ participation USE workers’ participation
employer FD Enterprise (7)FR employeurBT social partnersRT labour contract
employers’ attitude USE management attitude
employers’ organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation patronaleBT social partnersRT professional association
employers’ participation USE employers’ role
employers’ role FD Enterprise (7)FR rôle des employeursUF employers’ participationBT labour relations
employment FD Labour (6)FR emploiNT conditions of employment
female employmentgraduate employment
migrant employmentoccupational structureregulated occupationyouth employment
RT careerwork experienceemployment policylabour market
employment condition USE conditions of employment
employment creation FD Labour (6)FR création d’emploiUF job creationBT employment policyRT enterprise creation
employment experience USE work experience
employment interview FD Enterprise (7)FR entretien de recrutementUF job interviewBT personnel selection
employment law USE labour legislation
employment monitoring system FD Labour (6)FR observatoire de l’emploiUF labour market analysisBT labour marketRT career change
training markettraining needs
employment opportunity FD Labour (6)FR perspective d’emploiUF job opportunityBT access to employmentNT job offer
job vacancylanguage barriermanpower needs
RT equal opportunities
employment pattern USE occupational structure
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 85kg809644_inside_EN.indb 85 3/02/09 9:24:233/02/09 9:24:23
employment planning 86 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
employment planning USE manpower planning
employment policy FD Labour (6)FR politique de l’emploiUF employment promotion
labour policymanpower policy
NT employment creationemployment servicefi ght against unemploymentfl exicurityfull employmentjob placementjob securitymanpower planningwork permit
RT access to employmentemployabilityemploymentgovernment policytraining employment contract
Employment programme FD European Union (15)FR Programme pour l’emploi
The Employment programme (1994-1999) has four distinct strands, each of which is targeted to a specifi c group: Now to women, Horizon to the disabled, Integra to the disadvantaged and fi nally Youth Start to young people.
BT Community programme
employment promotion USE employment policy
employment protection FD Administration (11)FR protection de l’emploiBT labour legislation
employment rehabilitation USE vocational rehabilitation
employment security USE job security
employment service FD Labour (6)FR service de l’emploi
SN Service provided by governments or run on a private fee paying basis, with a view to fi nding suitable work positions for unemployed persons.
UF job centreplacement service
BT employment policyNT private employment service
public employment serviceRT public service personnel
recruitment
employment shortage USE labour shortage
employment situation USE labour market
employment statistics USE labour statistics
employment status USE occupational status
employment structure USE occupational structure
employment survey FD Administration (11)FR enquête sur l’emploiUF labour market surveyBT labour statistics
employment training relationship USE training employment relationship
encyclopedia FD Document type (17)FR encyclopédieSN Document synthesising knowledge on all
subjects or a group of related subjects arranged alphabetically or systematically.
energy industry USE power industry
engineer FD Labour (6)FR ingénieurBT occupational statusRT engineering
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 86kg809644_inside_EN.indb 86 3/02/09 9:24:233/02/09 9:24:23
European Training ThesaurusEN – 87 entrepreneurship
engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR ingénierieBT technological sciencesNT civil engineering
electrical engineeringelectronicsmechanical engineering
RT computer engineeringengineerengineering worker
engineering worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’ingénierieBT occupationNT computing personnel
electricianmechanicmetalworker
RT engineering
England FD Countries and regions (14)FR AngleterreBT United KingdomNT East Anglia
East MidlandsNorth West EnglandNorthern EnglandSouth East EnglandSouth West EnglandWest MidlandsYorkshire and Humberside
enlargement of the Community FD European Union (15)FR élargissement de la CommunautéUF EC integration
European integrationBT European construction
enrolment USE registration
enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entrepriseUF companyNT company management
enterprise creationenterprise culture
joint venturesubcontractingtype of enterprise
RT administrationeconomic developmentin company trainingintercompany traininglearning organisationmanagementproductionschool enterprise relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship
enterprise creation FD Enterprise (7)FR création d’entrepriseUF business creationBT enterpriseRT employment creation
entrepreneur
enterprise culture FD Enterprise (7)FR culture d’entrepriseBT enterprise
entertainment USE recreation service
entrance examination FD Learning (3)FR examen d’entréeUF college entrance certifi cateBT examinationRT access to education
access to training
entrepreneur FD Labour (6)FR entrepreneurBT occupational statusRT enterprise creation
entrepreneurial education USE management training
entrepreneurial training USE management training
entrepreneurship FD Society (12)FR esprit d’entrepriseBT behaviour
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 87kg809644_inside_EN.indb 87 3/02/09 9:24:233/02/09 9:24:23
entry into working life 88 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
entry into working life FD Labour (6)FR insertion professionnelleUF integration to workBT access to employmentNT initial employment
return to workRT transition from school to work
vocational guidanceworking life
environment FD Economy (10)FR environnementUF natural environment
physical environmentBT sustainable developmentNT environmental protection
pollutionRT ecology
environment personnel USE environment worker
environment worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur de l’environnementUF environment personnelBT occupationRT environmental education
environmental protectionrecycling industry
environmental conservation USE environmental protection
environmental education FD Education (2)FR éducation environnementaleUF environmental trainingBT content of educationRT environment worker
environmental policy USE environmental protection
environmental protection FD Economy (10)FR protection de l’environnementUF environmental conservation
environmental policynature conservation
BT environmentRT environment worker
environmental training USE environmental education
EP USE European Parliament
Epirus FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÊpireBT Greece
EPSO USE European Personnel Selection Offi ce
equal opportunities FD Administration (11)FR égalité de chancesUF equality of treatmentBT human rightsRT access to education
educational opportunityemployment opportunityequal payfemale employmentsex discriminationsocial inequality
Equal FD European Union (15)FR programme pour l’égalité des chancesSN The Equal Initiative (2000-2006) is a
laboratory for new ideas to the European Employment Strategy and the Social inclusion process. Its mission is to promote a more inclusive work life through fi ghting discrimination and exclusion based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Equal is funded through the European Social Fund.
BT Community programme
equal pay FD Enterprise (7)FR égalité de rémunérationBT wageRT equal opportunities
equality of treatment USE equal opportunities
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 88kg809644_inside_EN.indb 88 3/02/09 9:24:243/02/09 9:24:24
European Training ThesaurusEN – 89 EUROFOUND
Equatorial Guinea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Guinée équatorialeBT Central Africa
equivalence of certifi cates FD Learning (3)FR équivalence des diplômesBT certifi cation of learning outcomes
Erasmus FD European Union (15)FR ErasmusSN Erasmus (1995-2006) is the higher
education action of the Socrates programme. It seeks to enhance the quality and reinforce the European dimension of higher education.
BT Community programmeRT Lifelong Learning Programme
ergonomics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR ergonomieSN Study of the optimal adaptation of physical
environment to human activity to obtain maximum productivity with a minimum of effort, fatigue and inconvenience.
BT technological sciencesRT work environment
working conditions
Eritrea FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉrythréeBT East Africa
Estonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR EstonieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe
EU countriesformer USSR
eTeaching USE eLearning
ETF USE European Training Foundation
ethics FD Society (12)FR éthiqueBT behaviour
Ethiopia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉthiopieBT East Africa
ethnic group FD Society (12)FR groupe ethniqueBT sociocultural groupRT racial discrimination
EU countries FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays de l’UEUF EC countriesRT Austria
BelgiumBulgariaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaEuropeFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenUnited Kingdom
EU policy USE Community policy
EU programme USE Community programme
EUROFOUND USE European Foundation for the Improvement
of Living and Working Conditions
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 89kg809644_inside_EN.indb 89 3/02/09 9:24:243/02/09 9:24:24
Europass 90 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Europass FD European Union (15)FR EuropassSN A community framework that consists
of fi ve documents (curriculum vitae, language passport, Europass mobility, certifi cate supplement, diploma supplement) aimed at improving transparency of skills and qualifi cations and increase mobility (Cedefop, 2006).
BT Community programme
Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR EuropeNT Eastern Europe
Northern EuropeSouthern EuropeWestern Europe
RT EFTAEU countries
European Administrative School FD European Union (15)FR École européenne d’administrationBT agencies and other bodies
European Agency for Safety Health at Work FD European Union (15)FR Agence européenne pour la santé et la
sécurité au travailUF OSHABT agencies and other bodies
European baccalaureate USE certifi cate
European Central Bank FD European Union (15)FR Banque centrale européenneUF ECBBT agencies and other bodies
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training USE Cedefop
European Commission FD European Union (15)FR Commission européenneUF EC CommissionBT Community institutionsRT Community opinion
European construction FD European Union (15)FR construction européenneNT Community activity
Community external relationsCommunity policyEC internal marketenlargement of the CommunityEuropean Union
European Court of Auditors FD European Union (15)FR Cour des comptes européenneUF EC Court of AuditorsBT Community institutionsRT Community budget
European dimension FD European Union (15)FR dimension européenneSN Introduction of European realities in
education in order to create European consciousness in European citizens.
BT Community programmeRT curriculum
European Economic and Social Committee FD European Union (15)FR Comité économique et social européenUF EESCBT Community institutions
European Economic Area USE Community external relations
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions FD European Union (15)FR Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration
des conditions de vie et de travailUF EUROFOUNDBT agencies and other bodies
European Free Trade Association USE EFTA
European integration USE enlargement of the Community
European Investment Bank FD European Union (15)FR Banque européenne d’InvestissementUF EIBBT Community institutions
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 90kg809644_inside_EN.indb 90 3/02/09 9:24:243/02/09 9:24:24
European Training ThesaurusEN – 91 ex offender
European law USE Community law
European Ombudsman FD European Union (15)FR Médiateur européenBT Community institutions
European Parliament FD European Union (15)FR Parlement européenUF EPBT Community institutions
European Personnel Selection Offi ce FD European Union (15)FR Offi ce européen de sélection du personnelUF EPSOBT agencies and other bodies
European Training Foundation FD European Union (15)FR Fondation européenne pour la formationUF ETFBT agencies and other bodies
European Treaty FD European Union (15)FR Traité européenUF Amsterdam Treaty
Nice TreatyTreaty establishing a Constitution for EuropeTreaty of MaastrichtTreaty of Rome
BT Community law
European Union FD European Union (15)FR Union européenneBT European constructionRT regulated occupation
European year FD European Union (15)FR année européenneSN European Commission initiative to
promote a specifi c topic across Europe through a period of one year.
BT Community programme
Eurostat FD European Union (15)FR EurostatSN Statistical Offi ce of the European
Communities BT agencies and other bodies
Eurydice FD International organisations (16)FR EurydiceSN Education Information Network in the EU. BT international organisationRT information centre
information network
evaluation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR évaluationUF assessmentNT evaluation methodRT personnel assessment
evaluation criteria USE evaluation method
evaluation method FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthode d’évaluationUF evaluation criteria
evaluation toolBT evaluation
evaluation of teaching USE training evaluation
evaluation tool USE evaluation method
evening class FD Training (1)FR cours du soirUF evening institute
evening schoolBT training course
evening institute USE evening class
evening school USE evening class
ex offender USE disadvantaged group
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 91kg809644_inside_EN.indb 91 3/02/09 9:24:243/02/09 9:24:24
examination 92 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
examination FD Learning (3)FR examenUF examination systemNT entrance examination
practical examinationtest
examination system USE examination
examiner FD Occupations (8)FR examinateurBT teaching personnel
exclusion USE social exclusion
expatriate worker USE migrant worker
expenditure FD Economy (10)FR dépenseBT fi nancial resource
experiential learning USE informal learning
experimental education FD Sciences and technology (4)FR pédagogie expérimentaleUF experimental teachingBT sciences of educationRT educational innovation
experimental research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche expérimentaleBT research
experimental teaching USE experimental education
experimentation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR expérimentationBT research technique
expert system FD Information and communication (5)FR système expertBT artifi cial intelligence
export USE international trade
export of training FD Administration (11)FR exportation de la formationBT international relationsRT training assistance
extension training USE upskilling
extra company training institution USE training institution
Extremadura FD Countries and regions (14)FR EstrémadureBT Spain
factory USE place of work
Faroes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles FeroéBT Northern Europe
failure FD Learning (3)FR échecBT performance
falling birthrate USE population trends
family FD Society (12)FR familleBT sociocultural groupNT parentsRT child
family allowancefamily environment
family allowance FD Administration (11)FR allocation familialeUF child benefi tBT social securityRT family
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 92kg809644_inside_EN.indb 92 3/02/09 9:24:253/02/09 9:24:25
European Training ThesaurusEN – 93 fi nancial policy
family environment FD Society (12)FR milieu familialBT social environmentRT family
Far East FD Countries and regions (14)FR Extrême OrientBT AsiaNT China
Hong KongJapanMacaoNorth KoreaSouth KoreaTaiwan
farmer FD Occupations (8)FR agriculteurBT agriculture worker
Federal Republic of Germany USE Germany
female USE woman
female employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des femmesUF female labour
female workerwoman workerwomen’s work
BT employmentRT child care facilities
equal opportunitiesfemale statusmigrant womanwoman
female labour USE female employment
female status FD Society (12)FR condition féminineUF women’s statusBT social statusRT female employment
female unemploymentwomanwomen’s rights
female unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage fémininUF unemployment of womenBT unemploymentRT female status
woman
female worker USE female employment
fertiliser industry USE chemical industry
festschrift USE compilation
fi ght against unemployment FD Labour (6)FR lutte contre le chômageBT employment policy
fi lm industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie cinématographiqueUF cinemaBT communications industry
fi nancial aid USE fi nancial resource
fi nancial control FD Economy (10)FR contrôle fi nancierBT fi nancial policy
fi nancial management FD Economy (10)FR gestion fi nancièreUF company fi nancingNT budget
cost effectivenessprofi t
RT company management
fi nancial policy FD Economy (10)FR politique fi nancièreBT economic policyNT fi nancial controlRT public fi nance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 93kg809644_inside_EN.indb 93 3/02/09 9:24:253/02/09 9:24:25
fi nancial resource 94 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
fi nancial resource FD Economy (10)FR ressource fi nancièreUF capital aid
capital resourcefi nancial aidsponsorship
BT economic resourceNT capital
expenditurefi nancinggrantinvestmentloanprivate fi nancesubsidy
RT fi nancing of training
fi nancial service FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur fi nanceBT servicesNT banking
fi nancial support USE subsidy
fi nancing FD Economy (10)FR fi nancementBT fi nancial resource
fi nancing of education FD Training (1)FR fi nancement de l’éducationUF educational loanBT economics of educationNT student allowanceRT loan
fi nancing of training FD Training (1)FR fi nancement de la formationBT economics of educationNT training allowance
training feetraining levy
RT cost of trainingfi nancial resource
fi ne arts FD Economic activities (9)FR beaux artsUF paintingBT arts
Finland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FinlandeBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries
OECD countries
fi shing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la pêcheBT industryRT primary sector
Flemish community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté fl amandeBT Belgium
Flemish region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région FlamandeBT Belgium
Flevoland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FlevolandBT Netherlands
fl exibility FD Enterprise (7)FR fl exibilitéSN Applied to the workforce, the ability to
change working practices and skills easily, and to adapt to the changing demands of the economy as they occur.
UF adaptabilityfl exible workworker adaptation
BT work attitude
fl exible hours of work FD Enterprise (7)FR horaire de travail modulableUF fl exible working timeBT hours of work
fl exible learning USE open learning
fl exible manufacturing system FD Information and communication (5)FR atelier fl exibleBT computer applicationRT production
robotics
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 94kg809644_inside_EN.indb 94 3/02/09 9:24:253/02/09 9:24:25
European Training ThesaurusEN – 95 forestry
fl exible work USE fl exibility
fl exible working time USE fl exible hours of work
fl exicurity FD Labour (6)FR fl exicuritéSN A policy strategy that attempts to
enhance fl exibility of labour markets, work organisation and labour relations while enhancing employment and social security.
BT employment policyRT job security
labour market fl exibility
fl ight attendant USE air transport personnel
fl oor and wall tiler USE construction worker
folk arts USE arts
food industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie alimentaireUF canning industry
dairy industrymeat industrymilling industrysugar industry
BT industryNT beverage industryRT agriculture
food worker
food worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession de l’agroalimentaireUF baker
beverage workerbutcherconfectioner
BT manufacturing workerRT food industry
footwear industry USE leather industry
forecasting FD Auxiliary terms (18)
FR prospectiveUF futurologyBT research techniqueNT trend
foreign language course USE foreign language skill
foreign language learning FD Learning (3)FR enseignement des langues étrangèresBT curriculum subjectRT foreign language skill
language
foreign language skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en langue étrangèreSN Ability to speak and understand foreign
languages. UF business language course
foreign language coursesecond languagevocational language skill
BT skillRT foreign language learning
foreign policy FD Administration (11)FR politique étrangèreBT government policy
foreign student FD Education (2)FR étudiant étrangerUF overseas studentBT student
foreign worker USE migrant worker
foreman USE supervisor
forester USE forestry worker
forestry FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur forestierBT agricultureRT forestry worker
woodworking industry
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 95kg809644_inside_EN.indb 95 3/02/09 9:24:263/02/09 9:24:26
forestry worker 96 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
forestry worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la sylvicultureUF forester
loggerBT occupationRT forestry
formal education USE compulsory education
formal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage formelSN Learning that occurs in an organised and
structured environment (in an education or training institution or on the job) and is explicitly designated as learning (in terms of objectives, time or resources). Formal learning is intentional from the learner’s point of view. It typically leads to validation and certifi cation. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)
BT learning
former GDR FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-RDAUF German Democratic RepublicBT Germany
former USSR FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-URSSUF USSRBT Eastern EuropeRT Armenia
AzerbaijanBaltic StatesBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaRepublic of MoldovaRussiaTajikistanTurkmenistanUkraineUzbekistan
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia FD Countries and regions (14)
FR Ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine
UF FYROMBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
former Yugoslavia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-YougoslavieBT Eastern EuropeRT Bosnia Herzegovina
Croatiaformer Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaKosovoMontenegroSerbiaSloveniaVojvodina
France FD Countries and regions (14)FR FranceBT Western EuropeNT Alsace
AquitaineAuvergneBrittanyBurgundyCentreChampagne ArdenneCorsicaFranche-ComtéFrench Overseas DepartmentsFrench Overseas TerritoriesIle-de-FranceLanguedoc-RoussillonLimousinLoire RegionLorraineLower NormandyMidi-PyrénéesNord-Pas-de-CalaisPicardyPoitou-CharentesProvence Alpes Côte d’AzurRhône AlpesUpper Normandy
RT EU countriesFrench West IndiesOECD countries
Franche Comté FD Countries and regions (14)FR Franche ComtéBT France
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 96kg809644_inside_EN.indb 96 3/02/09 9:24:263/02/09 9:24:26
European Training ThesaurusEN – 97 FYROM
free lance worker USE self employed worker
free movement USE freedom of movement
freedom of movement FD Administration (11)FR libre circulationUF free movementBT civil rightsRT labour mobility
migrationoccupational mobilitysocial mobilitystudent mobility
freight handler USE docker
French community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté françaiseBT Belgium
French Overseas Departments FD Countries and regions (14)FR DOM françaisBT France
French Overseas Territories FD Countries and regions (14)FR TOM françaisBT France
French West Indies FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles françaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT France
frictional unemployment USE temporary unemployment
Friesland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FriseBT Netherlands
Friuli Venezia Giulia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Frioul-Vénétie julienneBT Italy
frontier worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur frontalierBT migrant workerRT crossborder cooperation
full employment FD Labour (6)FR plein emploiSN Denotes the situation in a given area
where all persons seeking employment have been provided with paid positions.
BT employment policy
full time course FD Training (1)FR cours à plein tempsBT training course
full time employment FD Enterprise (7)FR emploi à temps pleinUF full time workBT hours of work
full time work USE full time employment
functional illiteracy USE illiteracy
fundamental education USE basic education
fundamental research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche fondamentaleBT research
fur industry USE leather industry
furniture industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du meubleBT woodworking industry
further training USE continuing training
futurology USE forecasting
FYROM USE former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 97kg809644_inside_EN.indb 97 3/02/09 9:24:263/02/09 9:24:26
Gabon 98 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Gabon FD Countries and regions (14)FR GabonBT Central Africa
Galicia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GaliceBT Spain
Gambia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GambieBT West Africa
gardener FD Occupations (8)FR jardinierBT agriculture workerRT horticulture
landscape gardener
gas industry USE power industry
Gelderland FD Countries and regions (14)FR GueldreBT Netherlands
general education FD Education (2)FR enseignement généralSN Education which, in its choice of subject
matter, does not envisage any kind of specialisation with a view to preparing students to work in a particular sector.
BT education systemRT content of education
generic skill USE key competences
geographer USE humanities worker
geographical mobility FD Population (13)FR mobilité géographiqueBT migrationRT labour mobility
occupational mobilitysocial mobilitystudent mobility
geography FD Sciences and technology (4)FR géographieBT humanities
geology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR géologieBT natural sciences
Georgia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GéorgieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
German Democratic Republic USE former GDR
German speaking community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté germanophoneBT Belgium
Germany FD Countries and regions (14)FR AllemagneUF Federal Republic of GermanyBT Western EuropeNT Baden Württemberg
BavariaBerlinBrandenburgBremenformer GDRHamburgHessenLower SaxonyMecklenburg West PomeraniaNorth Rhine WestphaliaRhineland PalatinateSaarlandSaxonySaxony AnhaltSchleswig HolsteinThuringia
RT EU countriesOECD countries
Ghana FD Countries and regions (14)FR GhanaBT West Africa
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 98kg809644_inside_EN.indb 98 3/02/09 9:24:263/02/09 9:24:26
European Training ThesaurusEN – 99 graduate unemployment
Gibraltar FD Countries and regions (14)FR GibraltarBT Southern EuropeRT United Kingdom
gifted child USE gifted person
gifted person FD Society (12)FR personne douéeUF gifted child
gifted studentBT elite
gifted student USE gifted person
glass industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du verreUF ceramics industryBT industryRT glass worker
glass worker FD Occupations (8)FR verrierUF ceramics worker
pottery makerBT manufacturing workerRT glass industry
glazier USE construction worker
globalisation FD Economy (10)FR mondialisationUF industrial globalisation
internationalisationmondialisation
BT international economy
glossary FD Document type (17)FR glossaireSN Consistent set of terms peculiar to a fi eld
of speciality.
goldsmith USE jeweller
government FD Administration (11)FR gouvernementBT stateNT central government
government policyministryregional and local authority
government department USE ministry
government policy FD Administration (11)FR politique gouvernementaleUF national planningBT governmentNT cultural policy
foreign policysocial policyyouth policy
RT economic policyeducational policyemployment policyresearch policytraining policy
graduate USE higher education graduate
graduate employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des diplômés de l’enseignement
supérieurBT employment
graduate trainee FD Training (1)FR stagiaire diplôméSN In United Kingdom and Ireland, this
term refers more specifi cally 3rd level graduates. Use only for 3rd level graduates in training after completion of their studies.
BT trainee
graduate unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des diplômésBT unemploymentRT higher education graduate
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 99kg809644_inside_EN.indb 99 3/02/09 9:24:273/02/09 9:24:27
grant 100 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
grant FD Economy (10)FR allocation fi nancièreSN Financial assistance for a particular
purpose. BT fi nancial resourceRT economics of education
graphic arts FD Economic activities (9)FR arts graphiquesUF drawingBT artsRT computer graphics
printing industry
Greater Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grandes AntillesBT Caribbean islandNT Bahamas
CubaHaitiJamaicaPuerto Rico
Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR GrèceBT Southern EuropeNT Attica
Central GreeceCreteEpirusIonian islandMacedoniaNorthern AegeanPeloponneseSouthern AegeanThessalyWestern Greece
RT EU countriesOECD countries
green paper FD Document type (17)FR livre vertSN Green Papers are documents intended to
stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation at National or European level on a particular topic (such as social policy, the single currency, telecommunications).
These consultations may then lead to the publication of a White Paper, translating the conclusions of the debate into practical proposals for Community action.
Greenland FD Countries and regions (14)FR GroenlandBT Northern Europe
Groningen FD Countries and regions (14)FR GroningueBT Netherlands
group instruction USE group learning
group learning FD Learning (3)FR pédagogie de groupeUF group instruction
group traininggroup work
BT learning methodRT target group
team work
group management USE team work
group training USE group learning
group work USE group learning
Grundtvig FD European Union (15)FR GrundtvigSN Grundtvig (1999-2006) is the adult
education action of the Socrates programme. Its aim is to improve the quality and strengthen the European dimension of adult education of a non-vocational nature.
BT Community programmeRT Lifelong Learning Programme
Guatemala FD Countries and regions (14)FR GuatemalaBT Central America
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 100kg809644_inside_EN.indb 100 3/02/09 9:24:273/02/09 9:24:27
European Training ThesaurusEN – 101 headteacher
guidance centre USE guidance service
guidance offi cer FD Occupations (8)FR conseiller d’orientationUF guidance teacherBT education workerRT educational guidance
training informationvocational counsellorvocational guidance
guidance service FD Training (1)FR service d’orientationUF careers service
guidance centrevocational guidance council
BT vocational guidanceRT training information
transition from school to work
guidance teacher USE guidance offi cer
guide FD Document type (17)FR guideSN Document containing introductory
information comprehensive enough for a user to carry out an operation.
Guinea FD Countries and regions (14)FR GuinéeBT West Africa
Guinea Bissau FD Countries and regions (14)FR Guinée-BissauBT West Africa
Gulf States FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays du GolfeBT Middle EastNT Bahrain
IranIraqKuwaitOmanQatar
Saudi ArabiaUnited Arab Emirates
hairdresser FD Occupations (8)FR coiffeurUF barberBT services workerRT beautician
Haiti FD Countries and regions (14)FR HaïtiBT Greater Antilles
Hamburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR HambourgBT Germany
handbook USE learning material
handicapped person USE disabled person
handicapped worker USE disabled worker
handicraft FD Economic activities (9)FR artisanatUF craftBT artsRT craft training
craftsmanjeweller
hardware FD Information and communication (5)FR matériel informatiqueBT informaticsNT computerRT computer network
head hunting USE poaching
headteacher FD Occupations (8)FR directeur d’écoleBT teacherRT educational administration
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 101kg809644_inside_EN.indb 101 3/02/09 9:24:273/02/09 9:24:27
health 102 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
health FD Society (12)FR santéNT mental health
physical healthRT health education
health servicemedicine
health and social studies USE health education
health education FD Education (2)FR éducation sanitaireUF health and social studiesBT content of educationRT health
health service FD Economic activities (9)FR service de santéUF medical care
public healthBT servicesRT health
health workermedicine
health worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la santéUF medical personnelBT occupationNT dentist
medical practitionerparamedical personnel
RT health servicemedicinepsychologistveterinary worker
Hessen FD Countries and regions (14)FR HesseBT Germany
hidden labour force USE illegal work
higher education FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieurBT post secondary education
NT non-university higher educationuniversity studies
RT higher education teacheruniversity
higher education graduate FD Education (2)FR diplômé de l’enseignement supérieurUF graduateBT studentRT academic degree
graduate unemploymentuniversity studies
higher education institute FD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignement supérieurSN Institution at the tertiary level of education
excluding universities and academies. UF polytechnicBT educational institutionNT college of educationRT non-university higher education
higher education school enterprise relationship USE university enterprise relationship
higher education teacher FD Occupations (8)FR enseignant de l’enseignement supérieurUF lecturer
professoruniversity teacher
BT teacherRT higher education
higher non-university education USE non-university higher education
highly qualifi ed worker USE highly skilled worker
highly skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur hautement qualifi éSN Persons whose education and high
level of technical expertise qualify them for employment in knowledge-based industries.
UF highly qualifi ed workerknowledge worker
BT level of qualifi cation
historian USE humanities worker
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 102kg809644_inside_EN.indb 102 3/02/09 9:24:283/02/09 9:24:28
European Training ThesaurusEN – 103 human resources development
historical research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche historiqueBT researchRT history of training
history FD Sciences and technology (4)FR histoireUF archaeologyBT humanitiesRT history of training
history of training FD Training (1)FR histoire de la formationRT historical research
history
holidays FD Enterprise (7)FR vacancesBT leisure
homeworking USE work at home
Honduras FD Countries and regions (14)FR HondurasBT Central America
Hong Kong FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hong KongBT Far East
horticulture FD Economic activities (9)FR horticultureBT agricultureRT gardener
host country FD Population (13)FR pays d’accueilUF immigration countryBT immigration
hotel industry FD Economic activities (9)FR hôtellerieUF catering industryBT servicesRT hotel personnel
hotel manager USE hotel personnel
hotel personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel du secteur hôtelierUF catering personnel
cookhotel managerhotel workerporterreceptionistwaiter
BT services workerRT hotel industry
hotel worker USE hotel personnel
hours of work FD Enterprise (7)FR horaire de travailUF working timeBT working time arrangementNT fl exible hours of work
full time employmentovertimepart time employment
housewife USE services worker
housing FD Administration (11)FR logementBT urban planningRT construction industry
human capital FD Economy (10)FR capital humainSN The knowledge, skills, competences and
other attributes embodied in individuals or groups of individuals acquired during their life and used to produce goods, services or ideas.
BT economic resource
human resource USE manpower
human resources development USE human resources management
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 103kg809644_inside_EN.indb 103 3/02/09 9:24:283/02/09 9:24:28
human resources management 104 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
human resources management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion des ressources humainesUF human resources developmentNT career
learning organisationpersonnel management
RT in service trainingindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologystaff training
human rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de l’hommeUF cultural rightsNT children’s rights
civil rightsequal opportunitiesmigrants’ rightsright to educationright to informationright to trainingright to worksocial rightswomen’s rights
humanisation of work FD Enterprise (7)FR humanisation du travailBT quality of working lifeRT job enrichment
working conditions
humanities FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences humainesNT geography
historylegal scienceliteraturephilosophypsychologysocial sciences
humanities worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers des sciences humainesUF economist
geographerhistorian
BT occupationRT economics
Hungary FD Countries and regions (14)FR HongrieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
OECD countries
hypermedia FD Learning (3)FR hypermédiaSN Media linking and indexing text and
graphics for on-screen browsing. BT multimedia systemRT computer based learning
Iceland FD Countries and regions (14)FR IslandeBT Northern EuropeRT EFTA
OECD countries
ICT USE information technology
identifi cation of competences USE Identifi cation of learning outcomes
identifi cation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR identifi cation des résultats
d’apprentissagecesSN The process of specifying and defi ning the
boundaries and content of competences. UF Identifi cation of competencesBT competence
Ile-de-France FD Countries and regions (14)FR Ile-de-FranceBT France
illegal work FD Labour (6)FR travail au noirSN Gainful occupation carried out in violation
of provisions set by legislation. UF clandestine employment
clandestine workhidden labour forcemoonlighting
BT labour
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 104kg809644_inside_EN.indb 104 3/02/09 9:24:283/02/09 9:24:28
European Training ThesaurusEN – 105 individual learning account
RT informal sectormultiple employment
illiteracy FD Education (2)FR analphabétismeUF adult illiteracy
functional illiteracyBT literacyRT socially disabled person
ILO FD International organisations (16)FR OITSN Use to mean either the International
Labour Organisation or the International Labour Offi ce.
UF International Labour Offi ceInternational Labour Organisation
BT United NationsRT labour
immigrant USE migrant
immigration FD Population (13)FR immigrationBT international migrationNT host country
immigration country USE host country
import USE international trade
in company training FD Training (1)FR formation en entrepriseSN The descriptor covers any type of
training in an enterprise or organised by an enterprise. Use for any type of training (initial or continuing) organised by an enterprise. Vocational training of its personnel undertaken by a business enterprise on its own premises. It may take place on-the-job or in premises set aside for training purposes.
UF in fi rm trainingin plant training
BT training system
NT off the job trainingon the job trainingwork based training
RT enterpriselearning organisationstaff traininguniversity enterprise relationship
in fi rm training USE in company training
in plant training USE in company training
in service training FD Training (1)FR formation en cours d’emploiSN Any vocational training given during
active, paid-worked periods; do not confuse with “in company training”.
BT training systemRT human resources management
staff training
incomes policy FD Economy (10)FR politique salarialeBT economic policyRT wage
independent learning USE self directed learning
independent school USE primary education
independent work USE self employment
independent worker USE self employed worker
India FD Countries and regions (14)FR IndeBT South Asia
individual development USE personal development
individual learning account USE training allowance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 105kg809644_inside_EN.indb 105 3/02/09 9:24:293/02/09 9:24:29
individual training 106 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
individual training FD Training (1)FR formation individuelleSN Training whereby each trainee in a group
is allowed to proceed at his own pace without impeding others in the group.
BT type of trainingRT learning method
modular trainingopen learningprogrammed instructionself directed learning
individualism FD Society (12)FR individualismeBT behaviourRT attitude
Indonesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR IndonésieBT South East Asia
induction training FD Training (1)FR formation d’adaptationSN Use for training received by a worker
immediately after entry to a new post. BT type of training
industrial democracy USE workers’ participation
industrial development FD Economy (10)FR développement industrielBT economic development
industrial globalisation USE globalisation
industrial policy FD Economy (10)FR politique industrielleBT economic policyRT industry
industrial psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologie du travailUF occupational psychology
psychology at workBT psychology
RT human resources managementlabourlabour relations
industrial relations USE labour relations
industrial robot USE robot
industrial sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologie industrielleUF occupational sociology
sociology at workBT sociologyRT human resources management
labourlabour relations
industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrieUF instrumentation industry
miningoptical industrytobacco industrytoy industry
NT chemical industrycommunications industrycomputer industryconstruction industryelectrical industryelectronics industryfi shing industryfood industryglass industryleather industrymachinery industrymanufacturing industrymetalworking industrypower industryrecycling industrytextile industrywoodworking industry
RT chamber of commerceeconomic developmentindustrial policysecondary sectortransition from school to work
informal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage informel
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 106kg809644_inside_EN.indb 106 3/02/09 9:24:293/02/09 9:24:29
European Training ThesaurusEN – 107 information processing
SN Learning resulting from daily activities related to work, family or leisure. It is not organised or structured in terms of objectives, time or learning support. Informal learning is in most cases unintentional from the learner’s perspective. Informal learning outcomes do not usually lead to certifi cation but may be validated and certifi ed in the framework of recognition of prior learning schemes. Informal learning is also referred to as experiential or incidental/random learning. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF experiential learningBT learning
informal sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur informelSN Consists of small-scale businesses
with the primary objective of generating incomes, for their participants; in industrialised countries the focus of attention has been the concealed or illegal aspects of these activities with their negative consequences.
UF black economyshadow economyunderground economy
BT economic systemRT illegal work
informatics FD Information and communication (5)FR informatiqueUF computer scienceBT information technologyNT computer application
computer engineeringhardwaresoftware
RT computer industrycomputer literacyinformation science
information FD Information and communication (5)FR informationNT access to information
documentationinformation user
RT information processinginformation scienceinformation system
information technologytraining informationvocational information
information age USE information society
information centre FD Information and communication (5)FR centre d’informationUF documentation centreBT access to informationRT Cedefop
EURYDICElibrary
information dissemination FD Information and communication (5)FR diffusion de l’informationBT documentationRT information service
information needs FD Information and communication (5)FR besoin d’informationBT information user
information network FD Information and communication (5)FR réseau d’informationUF documentary networkBT access to informationRT Cedefop
computer networkEURYDICE
information personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession de l’informationUF archivist
documentalistinformation workerinterpreterlibrariantranslator
BT occupationRT translation
information processing FD Information and communication (5)FR traitement de l’informationUF data processingBT documentationRT information
information system
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 107kg809644_inside_EN.indb 107 3/02/09 9:24:293/02/09 9:24:29
information retrieval 108 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
information retrieval FD Information and communication (5)FR recherche de l’informationBT documentation
information revolution USE information society
information science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences de l’informationRT documentation
informaticsinformationinformation technology
information service FD Economic activities (9)FR service d’informationUF archivesBT servicesRT information dissemination
information society FD Society (12)FR société de l’informationSN A society characterised by a high level of
information intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between places irrespective of distance.
UF information ageinformation revolution
BT societyNT knowledge societyRT Internet
teleworking
information storage FD Information and communication (5)FR stockage de l’informationBT documentation
information superhighway USE Internet
information system FD Information and communication (5)FR système d’informationBT computer applicationNT data management
RT informationinformation processing
information technology FD Information and communication (5)FR technologie de l’informationUF ICTNT informaticsRT information
information sciencetechnological sciencestechnology
information user FD Information and communication (5)FR utilisateur d’informationBT informationNT information needs
information worker USE information personnel
initial employment FD Labour (6)FR premier emploiBT entry into working life
initial training FD Training (1)FR formation initialeSN Vocational education and training carried
out in the initial education system, usually before entering working life (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
BT type of trainingNT vocational preparation
inland water transport USE transport
innovation FD Economy (10)FR innovationBT research and developmentRT automation
creativityeducational innovationnew technologiestechnological changetechnology transfertraining innovation
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 108kg809644_inside_EN.indb 108 3/02/09 9:24:293/02/09 9:24:29
European Training ThesaurusEN – 109 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
inspector FD Occupations (8)FR inspecteurBT education workerRT public service personnel
institutional framework FD Administration (11)FR cadre institutionnelNT constitution
legislation
instructor USE training personnel
instrumentation industry USE industry
insulator USE construction worker
insurance FD Economic activities (9)FR assuranceBT services
insurance personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession des assurancesBT business worker
integration to work USE entry into working life
intellectual development FD Learning (3)FR développement intellectuelUF mental developmentBT personal developmentNT cognitive process
intelligence
intelligence FD Learning (3)FR intelligenceBT intellectual developmentNT judgment
self evaluation
intensive training FD Training (1)FR formation accéléréeSN Training for people who need to be trained
rapidly in well defi ned occupations.
UF accelerated courseaccelerated training
BT type of trainingRT short course
interactive learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage interactifBT learning methodRT interactive video
interactive skill USE communication skill
interactive video FD Learning (3)FR vidéo interactiveBT multimedia systemRT audiovisual aid
interactive learning
intercompany training FD Training (1)FR formation interentrepriseSN Vocational training jointly organised by
several companies which share their resources.
BT training systemRT enterprise
interest group FD Society (12)FR groupe d’intérêtUF lobby group
pressure groupBT sociocultural group
interface USE computer
interim report USE report
internal migration USE migration
international agreement FD Administration (11)FR accord internationalBT international relations
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development USE World Bank
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 109kg809644_inside_EN.indb 109 3/02/09 9:24:303/02/09 9:24:30
international cooperation 110 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
international cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération internationaleBT international relationsNT crossborder cooperation
development aidRT joint venture
student exchangeteacher exchange
international economy FD Economy (10)FR économie internationaleNT globalisationRT trade
international enterprise USE multinational enterprise
international exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange internationalBT international relationsNT student exchange
teacher exchangeRT study tour
International Labour Offi ce USE ILO
International Labour Organisation USE ILO
international migration FD Population (13)FR migration internationaleBT migrationNT emigration
immigrationreturn migration
international organisation FD International organisations (16)FR organisation internationaleNT Council of Europe
EFTAEURYDICEOECDUnited NationsWorld Bank
RT association
international policy FD Administration (11)FR politique internationale
BT international relations
international relations FD Administration (11)FR relations internationalesNT export of training
international agreementinternational cooperationinternational exchangeinternational policy
international trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce internationalUF export
importBT tradeRT trade policy
international university USE university
internationalisation USE globalisation
Internet FD Information and communication (5)FR InternetUF information superhighway
world wide webBT computer networkRT eLearning
information societywebsite
interpersonal communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communication interpersonnelleBT communicationRT communication skill
interpersonal relations FD Society (12)FR relations interpersonnellesBT social behaviour
interpretation USE translation
interpreter USE information personnel
interview FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR entretien
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 110kg809644_inside_EN.indb 110 3/02/09 9:24:303/02/09 9:24:30
European Training ThesaurusEN – 111 job applicant
BT research technique
investment FD Economy (10)FR investissementBT fi nancial resource
Ionian island FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles IoniennesBT Greece
Iran FD Countries and regions (14)FR IranBT Gulf States
Iraq FD Countries and regions (14)FR IrakBT Gulf States
Ireland FD Countries and regions (14)FR IrlandeUF Republic of IrelandBT Western EuropeNT Connacht
LeinsterMunsterUlster
RT EU countriesOECD countries
iron industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie sidérurgiqueUF steel industryBT metalworking industry
Isle of Man FD Countries and regions (14)FR île de ManBT Western Europe
Israel FD Countries and regions (14)FR IsraëlBT Middle East
Italy FD Countries and regions (14)FR ItalieBT Southern Europe
NT AbruzziApuliaBasilicataCalabriaCampaniaEmilia RomagnaFriuli Venezia GiuliaLatiumLiguriaLombardyMarcheMolisePiedmontSardiniaSicilyTrentino Alto AdigeTuscanyUmbriaValle d’AostaVeneto
RT EU countriesOECD countries
Ivory Coast FD Countries and regions (14)FR Côte d’IvoireBT West Africa
Jamaica FD Countries and regions (14)FR JamaïqueBT Greater Antilles
Japan FD Countries and regions (14)FR JaponBT Far EastRT OECD countries
jeweller FD Occupations (8)FR joaillierUF goldsmithBT manufacturing workerRT handicraft
job analysis FD Enterprise (7)FR analyse des tâchesUF task analysisBT job descriptionRT occupational profi le
job applicant USE job seeker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 111kg809644_inside_EN.indb 111 3/02/09 9:24:303/02/09 9:24:30
job application 112 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
job application USE job search
job centre USE employment service
job classifi cation FD Enterprise (7)FR classifi cation des emploisSN Classifi cation according to the kind of
work performed by the individual (ILO). UF occupational classifi cation
occupational fi eldsocio occupational category
BT job descriptionRT job rotation
job content FD Enterprise (7)FR contenu de l’emploiSN The functions, requirements and duties of
a particular job, which may differ for the same job title due to variations in type of machinery or production method.
BT work organisationNT job design
job enlargementjob enrichment
job creation USE employment creation
job description FD Enterprise (7)FR description d’emploiSN Recognised list of functions and tasks
included in a particular job. UF job specifi cationBT work organisationNT job analysis
job classifi cationRT job offer
job design FD Enterprise (7)FR conception des tâchesUF job restructuringBT job contentRT job rotation
job dislocation USE job loss
job enlargement FD Enterprise (7)
FR élargissement des tâchesBT job contentRT job rotation
job enrichment FD Enterprise (7)FR enrichissement des tâchesSN Giving a person more responsible job
functions. BT job contentRT humanisation of work
job rotationjob satisfaction
job experience USE work experience
job interview USE employment interview
job loss FD Labour (6)FR perte d’emploiUF job dislocationBT termination of employmentRT unemployment
job market USE labour market
job offer FD Labour (6)FR offre d’emploiUF job proposalBT employment opportunityRT job description
job vacancy
job opportunity USE employment opportunity
job performance USE work performance
job placement FD Labour (6)FR placementUF placementBT employment policyRT recruitment
job proposal USE job offer
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 112kg809644_inside_EN.indb 112 3/02/09 9:24:313/02/09 9:24:31
European Training ThesaurusEN – 113 Jordan
job requirements FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cations requisesSN Aptitudes, knowledge and/or skills
required to perform duties. UF skill requirement
vocational requirementsBT vocational qualifi cationRT personnel selection
job restructuring USE job design
job rotation FD Enterprise (7)FR rotation emploi formationSN Job rotation involves the training of an
unemployed person to enable him or her to be a substitute for an employee in a company who is receiving continuing training. Don’t confuse with occupational mobility in the sense of reassignment.
BT quality of working lifeRT job classifi cation
job designjob enlargementjob enrichmentjob satisfaction
job satisfaction FD Enterprise (7)FR satisfaction au travailUF occupational satisfactionBT quality of working lifeRT job enrichment
job rotation
job search FD Labour (6)FR recherche d’emploiUF job application
job seekingBT labour supplyRT job seeker
job security FD Labour (6)FR sécurité d’emploiUF employment securityBT employment policyRT fl exicurity
job seeker FD Labour (6)FR demandeur d’emploiUF job applicant
registered unemployed workerBT unemployed workerRT job search
job seeking USE job search
job sharing FD Enterprise (7)FR partage du travailSN Two or more people sharing one job. UF job splittingBT work organisation
job specifi cation USE job description
job splitting USE job sharing
job termination USE termination of employment
job vacancy FD Labour (6)FR vacance d’emploiUF unfi lled vacancyBT employment opportunityRT job offer
joiner USE wood worker
joint venture FD Enterprise (7)FR joint ventureBT enterpriseRT international cooperation
training partnership
Jordan FD Countries and regions (14)FR JordanieBT Mashreq
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 113kg809644_inside_EN.indb 113 3/02/09 9:24:313/02/09 9:24:31
journal 114 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
journal FD Document type (17)FR revueSN A periodical published by an academic
press, learned society, government agency or professional organization, intended for scholars, students, professionals or experts, and featuring articles which disseminate results, critical interpretations or reviews of scholarly or scientifi c research in a particular subject discipline or profession.
UF ejournalnewsletter
journal article FD Document type (17)FR article de journal
journal issue FD Document type (17)FR numéro de journalUF special issue
journalism worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur de la presseUF journalist
reporterBT occupation
journalist USE journalism worker
judge USE law worker
judgment FD Learning (3)FR jugementBT intelligence
jurisprudence USE legislation
juvenile delinquency FD Society (12)FR délinquance juvénileBT delinquencyRT disadvantaged group
youth
Kazakhstan FD Countries and regions (14)FR Kazakhstan
BT Central AsiaRT former USSR
Kenya FD Countries and regions (14)FR KenyaBT East Africa
key qualifi cation USE key competences
key competences FD Learning (3)FR compétences clésSN The sum of skills (basic skills and
new basic skills) needed to live in contemporary knowledge society. In its recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning, the European Commission sets out the eight key competences: communication in the mother tongue; communication in foreign languages; competences in maths, science and technology; digital competence; learning to learn; interpersonal, intercultural and social competences, and civic competence; entrepreneurship; cultural expression. (Source: Cedefop and European Commission, 2006.)
UF core skillgeneric skillkey qualifi cationkey skill
BT skillRT skill development
social skilltransfer of learning
key skill USE key competences
knitter USE textile worker
know how FD Learning (3)FR Savoir-faireBT personal developmentRT aptitude
competence
knowledge FD Learning (3)FR savoir
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 114kg809644_inside_EN.indb 114 3/02/09 9:24:313/02/09 9:24:31
European Training ThesaurusEN – 115 labour legislation
SN The outcome of assimilating information through learning. Knowledge is the body of facts, principles, theories and practices related to a fi eld of study or work. (Source: European Commission.)
BT personal developmentRT Competence
knowledge based system USE artifi cial intelligence
knowledge management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion des connaissancesBT personnel management
knowledge society FD Society (12)FR société du savoirSN A society characterised by the impact
of new information and communication technologies on the fi elds of education, science, culture and communication (Unesco).
BT information society
knowledge transfer USE transfer of learning
knowledge worker USE highly skilled worker
Kosovo FD Countries and regions (14)FR KosovoBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
Kuwait FD Countries and regions (14)FR KoweïtBT Gulf States
Kyrgyzstan FD Countries and regions (14)FR KirghizistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR
labour FD Labour (6)FR travailNT illegal work
multiple employment
RT ILOindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologylabour contractlabour marketlabour relationsministry of labourwork environmentworkerworking life
labour administration FD Administration (11)FR administration du travailBT administrationNT labour statisticsRT public administration
labour code USE labour legislation
labour contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat de travailUF contract of employmentNT apprenticeship contract
training employment contractRT employer
labourlabour legislationworker
labour demand USE manpower needs
labour exchange offi cer USE public service personnel
labour force USE manpower
labour law USE labour legislation
labour legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation du travailUF employment law
labour codelabour law
BT legislationNT employment protectionRT labour contract
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 115kg809644_inside_EN.indb 115 3/02/09 9:24:323/02/09 9:24:32
labour market 116 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
labour market FD Labour (6)FR marché du travailUF employment situation
job marketNT access to employment
employabilityemployment monitoring systemlabour market fl exibilitylabour market reformlabour market segmentationlabour mobilitylabour supplymanpowerregional labour market
RT employmentlabourtraining needsunemployment
labour market analysis USE employment monitoring system
labour market fl exibility FD Labour (6)FR fl exibilité du marché du travailBT labour marketRT fl exicurity
labour market reform FD Labour (6)FR réforme du marché du travailBT labour market
labour market segmentation FD Labour (6)FR segmentation du marché du travailUF dual labour marketBT labour market
labour market structure USE occupational structure
labour market survey USE employment survey
labour mobility FD Labour (6)FR mobilité de la main-d’œuvreSN The ability to move and adapt to a new
occupational environment. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006).
UF mobility of individualspersonnel mobilitystaff mobility
BT labour marketRT freedom of movement
geographical mobilityoccupational mobility
labour policy USE employment policy
labour relations FD Enterprise (7)FR relations du travailSN Covers broad relations between:
employers and employees; management and organised labour; labour, management and the government.
UF industrial relationsNT collective agreement
collective bargainingemployers’ rolesocial dialoguesocial partnersstrikeworkers’ participation
RT employees’ attitudeindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologylabourmanagement attitudepersonnel managementwork environment
labour requirement USE manpower needs
labour shortage FD Labour (6)FR pénurie de main-d’œuvreUF employment shortage
personnel shortagestaff shortage
BT manpower needs
labour statistics FD Administration (11)FR statistiques du travailUF employment statisticsBT labour administrationNT employment surveyRT manpower
statistics
labour supply FD Labour (6)FR offre de main-d’œuvre
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 116kg809644_inside_EN.indb 116 3/02/09 9:24:323/02/09 9:24:32
European Training ThesaurusEN – 117 leadership training
SN Use to denote not only the size of the work force, but also its skills and geographic location.
UF personnel supplystaff supply
BT labour marketNT job search
labour union USE trade union
labourer USE unskilled worker
land transport USE transport
landscape gardener FD Occupations (8)FR paysagisteBT architectRT gardener
urban planning
language FD Information and communication (5)FR langueBT communication mediumNT minority language
mother tonguemultilingualism
RT foreign language learninglinguistics
language barrier FD Labour (6)FR barrière linguistiqueBT employment opportunityRT access to education
Languedoc-Roussillon FD Countries and regions (14)FR Languedoc-RoussillonBT France
Laos FD Countries and regions (14)FR LaosBT South East Asia
large enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR grande entrepriseBT type of enterprise
Latin America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique latineBT AmericaNT Central America
South America
Latium FD Countries and regions (14)FR LatiumBT Italy
Latvia FD Countries and regions (14)FR LettonieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe
EU countriesformer USSR
law FD Administration (11)FR loiSN Use for a legal text adopted by
Parliament. For legal text not adopted by Parliament use regulation. For works commenting on or citing particular laws use legislation or its narrower terms. For the discipline use legal science.
UF actBT legislation
law worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession juridiqueUF judge
lawyerlegal personnel
BT occupationRT legislation
lawyer USE law worker
leadership FD Society (12)FR leadershipBT behaviourRT motivation
leadership training USE management training
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 117kg809644_inside_EN.indb 117 3/02/09 9:24:323/02/09 9:24:32
learning 118 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissageSN A process by which an individual
assimilates information, ideas and values and thus acquires knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences (Source: Cedefop and EQF working group, 2006.).
UF applied learninglearning process
NT adult learningformal learninginformal learninglearning diffi cultylearning environmentlearning methodlearning strategynon-formal learningtransfer of learningvaluing learning
RT learning organisationtarget group
learning aid USE training aid
learning by doing FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage par la pratiqueSN Learning acquired by repeated practice
of a task, with or without prior instruction. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)
BT learning method
learning by using FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage par l’utilisationSN Learning acquired by repeated use of
tools or facilities, with or without prior instruction. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)
BT learning method
learning company USE learning organisation
learning credit USE training credit
learning diffi culty FD Learning (3)FR diffi cultés d’apprentissageUF learning disabilityBT learningRT disadvantaged group
learning disability USE learning diffi culty
learning enterprise USE learning organisation
learning environment FD Learning (3)FR environnement d’apprentissageBT learning
learning material FD Document type (17)FR matériel d’apprentissageSN Any printed and/or non printed material
designed specifi cally for learning. UF eLearning material
handbookmanualtextbook
learning method FD Learning (3)FR méthode d’apprentissageSN A process by which an individual
assimilates information, ideas and values and thus acquires knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences. Learning occurs through personal refl ection, reconstruction and social interaction. Learning may take place in formal, non-formal and informal settings. (Source: Cedefop and EQF Working group, 2006.)
UF learning pacestudy method
BT learningNT elearningl
group learninginteractive learninglearning by doinglearning by usinglearning methodopen learningself directed learningvirtual learning
RT individual trainingtraining method
learning objective USE educational objective
learning organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation apprenante
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 118kg809644_inside_EN.indb 118 3/02/09 9:24:323/02/09 9:24:32
European Training ThesaurusEN – 119 legal text
SN Understanding of working life as learning environment. By developing themselves, people develop at the same time their organisations.
UF learning companylearning enterpriseorganisational learning
BT human resources managementRT enterprise
in company traininglearning
learning outcome USE valuing learning
learning pace USE learning method
learning process USE learning
learning site USE training centre
learning strategy FD Learning (3)FR stratégie d’apprentissageUF learning styleBT learning
learning style USE learning strategy
learning theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de l’apprentissageBT sciences of education
learning to learn USE educational objective
learning venue USE training centre
leather goods maker USE leather worker
leather industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du cuirUF footwear industry
fur industrytanning industry
BT industryRT clothing industry
leather worker
leather worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du cuirUF leather goods maker
shoemakerBT manufacturing workerRT leather industry
Lebanon FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibanBT Mashreq
lecturer USE higher education teacher
legal aspect FD Administration (11)FR aspect juridiqueBT legislation
legal document USE legal text
legal personnel USE law worker
legal science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR science juridiqueBT humanitiesRT legislation
legal service USE services
legal text FD Document type (17)FR texte juridiqueSN Use for texts such as laws,
regulations, directives, decrees, regulations, conventions, resolutions, recommendations, agreements and decisions, etc. For annotations or discussions of the text use commentary.
UF legal document
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 119kg809644_inside_EN.indb 119 3/02/09 9:24:333/02/09 9:24:33
legislation 120 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
legislation FD Administration (11)FR législationUF administrative law
case lawcourtjurisprudence
BT institutional frameworkNT economic legislation
educational legislationlabour legislationlawlegal aspectregulationsocial legislationtraining legislation
RT law workerlegal scienceparliament
Leinster FD Countries and regions (14)FR LeinsterBT Ireland
leisure FD Enterprise (7)FR loisirUF leisure time
recreationBT working conditionsNT holidaysRT recreation service
leisure service USE recreation service
leisure time USE leisure
length of studies USE duration of studies
Leonardo da Vinci FD European Union (15)FR Leonardo da VinciSN Leonardo da Vinci (1995-2006) is the
action programme for implementing the European Community’s vocational training policy, supporting and supplementing action taken by the Member States.
BT Community programmeRT Lifelong Learning Programme
Lesotho FD Countries and regions (14)FR LesothoBT Southern Africa
Lesser Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Petites AntillesBT Caribbean islandNT British West Indies
French West IndiesNetherlands Antilles
lesser used language USE minority language
level of education FD Education (2)FR niveau d’enseignementUF educational levelNT post compulsory education
post secondary educationpre school educationprimary educationsecondary education
RT education systemlevel of qualifi cationtraining level
level of qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR niveau de qualifi cationUF skill levelBT vocational qualifi cationNT semi skilled worker
skilled workerunskilled worker
RT apprenticelevel of educationoccupational statustraining levelworker
liberal profession FD Labour (6)FR profession libéraleSN Profession exercised by professional
workers, often self-employed, such as doctors, lawyers, accountants, architects.
BT occupational statusRT regulated occupation
Liberia FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibériaBT West Africa
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 120kg809644_inside_EN.indb 120 3/02/09 9:24:333/02/09 9:24:33
European Training ThesaurusEN – 121 Lithuania
librarian USE information personnel
library FD Economic activities (9)FR bibliothèqueBT cultural serviceRT information centre
library catalogue USE catalogue
Libya FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibyeBT North Africa
Liechtenstein FD Countries and regions (14)FR LiechtensteinBT Western Europe
lifelong learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage tout au long de la vieSN All learning activity undertaken throughout
life, which results in improving knowledge, know-how, skills competences and/or qualifi cations for personal, social and/or professional reasons. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF continuous professional developmentlifelong learning strategy
RT continuing educationcontinuing training
Lifelong Learning Programme FR Programme pour l’éducation et la
formation tout au long de la vieBT Community programmeRT Leonardo da Vinci
SocratesErasmusGrundtvig
lifelong learning strategy USE lifelong learning
Liguria FD Countries and regions (14)FR LigurieBT Italy
Limburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR LimbourgBT Netherlands
Limousin FD Countries and regions (14)FR LimousinBT France
Lingua FD European Union (15)FR LinguaSN Lingua (1999-2006) is the language action
of the Socrates programme. Its aim is to promote language teaching and learning and to develop language learning tools.
BT Community programme
linguistic group USE sociocultural group
linguistics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR linguistiqueBT social sciencesNT terminologyRT language
multilingualism
Lisbon and the Tagus Valley FD Countries and regions (14)FR Lisbonne et la vallée du TageBT Portugal
literacy FD Education (2)FR alphabétisationUF reading
writingBT basic educationNT illiteracy
literature FD Sciences and technology (4)FR littératureBT humanitiesRT arts
Lithuania FD Countries and regions (14)FR LituanieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe
EU countriesformer USSR
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 121kg809644_inside_EN.indb 121 3/02/09 9:24:333/02/09 9:24:33
living conditions 122 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
living conditions FD Society (12)FR conditions de vieUF standard of livingBT socio economic conditionsNT poverty
wealthRT quality of life
loan FD Economy (10)FR empruntSN A sum of money made available to
individuals or organisations for an agreed purpose (for example, to meet educational costs) and re-payable on specifi ed terms.
BT fi nancial resourceRT fi nancing of education
lobby group USE interest group
local administration USE local authority
local authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité localeUF city government
local administrationlocal communitymunicipal government
BT regional and local authorityNT community development
community participationRT decentralisation
local fi nancelocal training initiative
local community USE local authority
local economy USE local planning
local fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nances localesBT public fi nanceRT local authority
regional policy
local initiative USE local planning
local planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cation localeUF local economy
local initiativeBT planningNT urban planningRT community development
local training initiative FD Training (1)FR action locale de formationBT training initiativeRT local authority
logger USE forestry worker
Loire Region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-de-la-LoireBT France
Lombardy FD Countries and regions (14)FR LombardieBT Italy
long term unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage de longue duréeBT unemployment durationRT unemployed worker
Lorraine FD Countries and regions (14)FR LorraineBT France
Lower Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-AutricheBT Austria
Lower Austria [ENG] FR Lower Austria
lower class USE working class
Lower Normandy FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-NormandieBT France
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 122kg809644_inside_EN.indb 122 3/02/09 9:24:343/02/09 9:24:34
European Training ThesaurusEN – 123 man
Lower Saxony FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-SaxeBT Germany
lower secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaire (1er cycle)BT secondary education
Luxembourg FD Countries and regions (14)FR LuxembourgBT Western EuropeRT EU countries
OECD countries
Macao FD Countries and regions (14)FR MacaoBT Far East
Macedonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MacédoineBT Greece
machine tool industry USE machinery industry
machine translation USE translation
machinery industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie mécaniqueUF armament industry
electromechanical industrymachine tool industry
BT industryNT aircraft industry
automobile industryshipbuilding
RT mechanicmechanical engineering
Madagascar FD Countries and regions (14)FR MadagascarBT Southern Africa
Madeira FD Countries and regions (14)FR MadèreBT Portugal
Maghreb FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaghrebBT North AfricaNT Algeria
MoroccoTunisia
mailing list FD Document type (17)FR liste de diffusionSN Method of diffusing information, by
which the subscribers of the list can send messages that will be diffused to all the other subscribers of the list.
maintenance repair FD Economic activities (9)FR entretien et réparationUF repairBT services
Malawi FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalawiBT Southern Africa
Malaysia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalaisieBT South East Asia
Maldives FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaldivesBT South Asia
male USE man
Mali FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaliBT West Africa
Malta FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalteBT Southern EuropeRT EU countries
man FD Population (13)FR hommeUF maleBT sex distribution
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 123kg809644_inside_EN.indb 123 3/02/09 9:24:343/02/09 9:24:34
management 124 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
management FD Administration (11)FR gestionUF administration managementBT administrationNT quality management
self managementRT administrative structure
enterprisemanagement counsellingmanagement trainingmanager
management attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude patronaleUF employers’ attitudeBT work attitudeRT labour relations
management board USE company management
management consultant USE consultant
management counselling FD Economic activities (9)FR conseil en gestionBT business serviceRT consultant
management
management education USE management training
management of change USE organisational change
management skill USE managerial skill
management training FD Training (1)FR formation à la gestionUF business administration training
business communicationbusiness educationbusiness engineerbusiness ethicsbusiness failurebusiness gamesentrepreneurial educationentrepreneurial trainingleadership trainingmanagement education
BT sectoral trainingRT management
manager FD Labour (6)FR gestionnaireBT occupational statusRT management
managerial skill
managerial competence USE managerial skill
managerial personnel USE business worker
managerial skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en managementUF management skill
managerial competenceBT skillRT manager
manicurist USE beautician
manpower FD Labour (6)FR main-d’œuvreUF economically active population
employed personshuman resourcelabour forceworkforce
BT labour marketNT unqualifi ed young peopleRT labour statistics
personnel managementworker
manpower needs FD Labour (6)FR besoin de main-d’œuvreUF labour demand
labour requirementBT employment opportunityNT labour shortage
skill shortage
manpower planning FD Labour (6)FR planifi cation de la main-d’œuvreUF employment planningBT employment policy
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 124kg809644_inside_EN.indb 124 3/02/09 9:24:343/02/09 9:24:34
European Training ThesaurusEN – 125 mathematician
manpower policy USE employment policy
manual USE learning material
manual worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur manuelUF blue collar workerBT worker
manufacturing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie manufacturièreBT industry
manufacturing worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’industrieBT occupationNT food worker
glass workerjewellerleather workerpaper makerplastic products makerprinting workertextile workerwood worker
Marche FD Countries and regions (14)FR MarchesBT Italy
marginal worker USE casual worker
marginalisation FD Society (12)FR marginalisationUF precariousnessBT social behaviourRT disadvantaged group
market FD Economy (10)FR marchéBT economy
market research USE marketing
marketing FD Economic activities (9)FR marketingUF market research
sales promotionBT business service
Mashreq FD Countries and regions (14)FR MachrekBT Middle EastNT Jordan
LebanonSyria
mason bricklayer USE construction worker
mass media FD Information and communication (5)FR médiaBT communication mediumNT press
radiotelevision
RT communications industrytraining aid
mastercraftsman FD Labour (6)FR maître artisanSN Skilled worker who has become
very highly competent in his trade or occupation, having gone beyond the ordinary level of skills and knowledge required of a craftsman.
BT craftsman
maternity leave USE training leave
mathematical model FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR modèle mathématiqueBT model
mathematician FD Occupations (8)FR mathématicienUF mathematics worker
statisticianBT science workerRT mathematics
statistics
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 125kg809644_inside_EN.indb 125 3/02/09 9:24:353/02/09 9:24:35
mathematics 126 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
mathematics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR mathématiquesNT statisticsRT mathematician
mathematics worker USE mathematician
maturity FD Learning (3)FR maturitéBT personal developmentRT adult
Mauritania FD Countries and regions (14)FR MauritanieBT West Africa
Mauritius FD Countries and regions (14)FR MauriceBT Southern Africa
measurement FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR mesureBT research technique
meat industry USE food industry
mechanic FD Occupations (8)FR mécanicienUF mechanical fi tter
motor mechanicsetter of production machinesskilled machinist
BT engineering workerRT machinery industry
mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR construction mécaniqueBT engineeringRT machinery industry
mechanicmechanisation
mechanical fi tter USE mechanic
mechanisation FD Sciences and technology (4)FR mécanisationBT technologyNT roboticsRT mechanical engineering
Mecklenburg West Pomerania FD Countries and regions (14)FR Mecklembourg-Poméranie-OccidentaleBT Germany
medical auxiliary USE paramedical personnel
medical care USE health service
medical doctor USE medical practitioner
medical personnel USE health worker
medical practitioner FD Occupations (8)FR médecinUF medical doctor
physicianBT health worker
medical science USE medicine
medicine FD Sciences and technology (4)FR médecineUF medical science
natural medicineveterinary medicine
BT biologyRT health
health servicehealth worker
Mediterranean countries USE Southern Europe
medium enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR moyenne entrepriseBT small and medium enterprise
Melanesia FD Countries and regions (14)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 126kg809644_inside_EN.indb 126 3/02/09 9:24:353/02/09 9:24:35
European Training ThesaurusEN – 127 midwife
FR MélanésieBT Oceania
Melilla FD Countries and regions (14)FR MelillaBT Spain
mental development USE intellectual development
mental health FD Society (12)FR santé mentaleBT healthRT mentally disabled person
mental stress USE occupational disease
mentally disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapé mentalUF mentally handicappedBT disabled personRT mental health
special needs education
mentally handicapped USE mentally disabled person
mentoring FD Learning (3)FR tutoratBT teaching
metalworker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la métallurgieUF precision instrument fi tter
toolmakerBT engineering workerNT welderRT metalworking industry
metalworking industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie métallurgiqueBT industryNT iron industryRT metalworker
meteorology USE natural sciences
methodology FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthodologieBT research method
Mexico FD Countries and regions (14)FR MexiqueBT North AmericaRT OECD countries
microcomputer FD Information and communication (5)FR microordinateurUF personal computerBT computer
microelectronics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR microélectroniqueBT electronics
Micronesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MicronésieBT Oceania
mid career break USE career break
middle class USE social class
Middle East FD Countries and regions (14)FR Proche Moyen OrientBT AsiaNT Afghanistan
Autonomous Territories of PalestineGulf StatesIsraelMashreqYemen
Midi-Pyrénées FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midi-PyrénéesBT France
midwife USE paramedical personnel
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 127kg809644_inside_EN.indb 127 3/02/09 9:24:353/02/09 9:24:35
migrant 128 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
migrant FD Society (12)FR migrantUF emigrant
immigrantBT sociocultural groupNT migrant woman
migrant’s childrefugee
RT country of originemigrationmigrant employmentmigrant integrationmigrant trainingmigrant unemploymentmigrant workermigrants’ rightsmigrationwork permit
migrant education USE migrant training
migrant employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des migrantsBT employmentRT migrant
migrant integration FD Society (12)FR intégration des migrantsBT social integrationRT migrant
migrant training FD Training (1)FR formation des migrantsUF migrant educationBT target groupRT migrant
migrant worker
migrant unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des migrantsBT unemploymentRT migrant
migrant woman FD Society (12)FR femme migranteBT migrantRT female employment
migrant worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur migrantUF expatriate worker
foreign workerBT workerNT frontier workerRT migrant
migrant training
migrant’s child FD Society (12)FR enfant de migrantBT migrant
migrants’ rights FD Administration (11)FR droits des migrantsBT human rightsRT migrant
migration FD Population (13)FR migrationUF internal migration
rural urban migrationBT populationNT geographical mobility
international migrationRT cultural identity
freedom of movementmigrantpopulation distribution
military personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel militaireUF soldierBT security services worker
milling industry USE food industry
miner FD Occupations (8)FR mineurUF coal minerBT occupation
Minerva FD European Union (15)FR MinervaSN Minerva programme’s (1999-2006) aim
is to encourage the use of information and communication technologies (ICT),
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 128kg809644_inside_EN.indb 128 3/02/09 9:24:353/02/09 9:24:35
European Training ThesaurusEN – 129 Mongolia
multimedia and open and distance learning (ODL). Minerva is aimed at teachers and students from schools and universities, but also from the world of the multimedia industry, ICT and the civil society.
BT Community programme
mining USE industry
ministry FD Administration (11)FR ministèreUF government departmentBT governmentNT ministry of education
ministry of labour
ministry of education FD Administration (11)FR ministère de l’éducationBT ministryRT educational administration
educational policy
ministry of labour FD Administration (11)FR ministère du travailBT ministryRT labour
minority USE minority group
minority group FD Society (12)FR groupe minoritaireUF minorityBT sociocultural groupRT minority language
minority language FD Information and communication (5)FR langue minoritaireUF lesser used languageBT languageRT minority group
mixed economy FD Economy (10)FR économie mixteBT economic systemRT mixed investment company
mixed investment company FD Enterprise (7)FR société d’économie mixteSN Company in which the State or a public
body is involved with private capital. UF semi state bodyBT public enterpriseRT mixed economy
public body
mobility of individuals USE labour mobility
model FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR modèleNT mathematical model
modernisation FD Society (12)FR modernisationBT social changeRT technological change
modular training FD Training (1)FR formation modulaireSN System in which the training content is
divided into independent units or modules of learning.
BT training systemRT individual training
training credit
Molise FD Countries and regions (14)FR MoliseBT Italy
Monaco FD Countries and regions (14)FR MonacoBT Southern Europe
mondialisation USE globalisation
monetary policy FD Economy (10)FR politique monétaireBT economic policy
Mongolia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MongolieBT Central Asia
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 129kg809644_inside_EN.indb 129 3/02/09 9:24:363/02/09 9:24:36
monograph 130 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
monograph FD Document type (17)FR monographieSN Non-serial bibliographic item, i.e. an item
either complete in one part or complete (or intended to be completed) in a fi nite number of separate parts.
monograph part FD Document type (17)FR partie de monographie
Montenegro FR MonténégroBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
moonlighting USE illegal work
Morocco FD Countries and regions (14)FR MarocBT Maghreb
mortality USE population trends
mother tongue FD Information and communication (5)FR langue maternelleUF native languageBT language
motivation FD Society (12)FR motivationBT behaviourRT attitude
leadershipwork attitude
motor mechanic USE mechanic
Mozambique FD Countries and regions (14)FR MozambiqueBT Southern Africa
multi skill training FD Training (1)FR formation pluridisciplinaireUF polyvalent trainingBT type of trainingRT polyvalence
multicultural environment FD Society (12)FR environnement multiculturelBT culture
multilingualism FD Information and communication (5)FR multilinguismeBT languageNT bilingualism
translationRT linguistics
multimedia USE multimedia system
multimedia system FD Learning (3)FR système multimédiaSN Integrates sound, text and images
(eventually animated) on the same support.
UF multimediaBT training aidNT hypermedia
interactive videoRT computer based learning
multinational enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entreprise multinationaleUF international enterprise
transnational corporationBT type of enterprise
multiple employment FD Labour (6)FR cumul d’emploisSN Where a worker holds more than one job
at the same time, legally, either for two or more different employers or as self-employed for one of the jobs.
UF dual jobholdingdual qualifi cation
BT labourRT illegal work
municipal government USE local authority
Munster FD Countries and regions (14)FR MunsterBT Ireland
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 130kg809644_inside_EN.indb 130 3/02/09 9:24:363/02/09 9:24:36
European Training ThesaurusEN – 131 New Zealand
museum USE cultural service
music FD Economic activities (9)FR musiqueBT artsRT performing artist
musician USE performing artist
Myanmar FD Countries and regions (14)FR MyanmarBT South East Asia
Namibia FD Countries and regions (14)FR NamibieBT Southern Africa
narcotic addiction USE addiction
national budget FD Economy (10)FR budget de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceNT public expenditure
national insurance USE social security
national planning USE government policy
nationality USE citizenship
native language USE mother tongue
natural environment USE environment
natural medicine USE medicine
natural sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences naturellesUF meteorologyNT biology
geology
nature conservation USE environmental protection
Navarre FD Countries and regions (14)FR NavarreBT Spain
Nepal FD Countries and regions (14)FR NépalBT South Asia
Netherlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BasBT Western EuropeNT Drenthe
FlevolandFrieslandGelderlandGroningenLimburgNorth BrabantNorth HollandOverijsselSouth HollandUtrechtZeeland
RT EU countriesNetherlands AntillesOECD countries
Netherlands Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles néerlandaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT Netherlands
new occupation USE non-traditional occupation
new technologies FD Sciences and technology (4)FR nouvelles technologiesBT technologyRT innovation
New Zealand FD Countries and regions (14)FR Nouvelle-ZélandeBT OceaniaRT OECD countries
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 131kg809644_inside_EN.indb 131 3/02/09 9:24:363/02/09 9:24:36
newsletter 132 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
newsletter USE journal
newspaper FD Document type (17)FR journal
Nicaragua FD Countries and regions (14)FR NicaraguaBT Central America
Nice Treaty USE European Treaty
Niger FD Countries and regions (14)FR NigerBT West Africa
Nigeria FD Countries and regions (14)FR NigeriaBT West Africa
non-formal education USE non-formal learning
non-formal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage non formelSN Learning embedded in planned activities
not explicitly designated as learning in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support. Non-formal learning is intentional from the learner’s point of view. Non-formal learning outcomes may be validated and lead to certifi cation; Non-formal learning is sometimes described as semi-structured learning. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF non-formal educationnon-formal trainingprior learning
BT learningRT awarding body
career recordvocational assessment
non-formal training USE non-formal learning
non-traditional occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession non traditionnelle
SN Occupations in which certain groups are under-represented, usually applies to so-called male or female occupations.
UF new occupationBT occupational structure
non-university higher education FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur non universitaireUF college of technology
higher non-university educationBT higher educationNT polytechnic educationRT higher education institute
Nord-Pas-de-Calais FD Countries and regions (14)FR Nord-Pas-de-CalaisBT France
North Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique du NordBT AfricaNT Egypt
LibyaMaghreb
North America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique du NordBT AmericaNT Canada
MexicoUnited States
North Brabant FD Countries and regions (14)FR Brabant-SeptentrionalBT Netherlands
North Holland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hollande-SeptentrionaleBT Netherlands
North Korea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Corée du NordBT Far East
North Rhine Westphalia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhénanie-du-Nord-WestphalieBT Germany
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 132kg809644_inside_EN.indb 132 3/02/09 9:24:373/02/09 9:24:37
European Training ThesaurusEN – 133 occupation
North West England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Nord-OuestBT England
Northern Aegean FD Countries and regions (14)FR Égée septentrionaleBT Greece
Northern England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du NordBT England
Northern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe du NordBT EuropeNT Faroes
GreenlandIcelandScandinavia
Northern Ireland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Irlande du NordBT United Kingdom
Northern Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR Portugal du NordBT Portugal
Norway FD Countries and regions (14)FR NorvègeBT ScandinaviaRT EFTA
OECD countries
nuclear industry USE power industry
number of students FD Education (2)FR nombre d’étudiantsBT educational statisticsRT number of trainees
number of trainees FD Administration (11)FR nombre de stagiairesBT training statisticsRT number of students
numeracy FD Education (2)FR numéracieUF adult innumeracyBT basic education
nurse FD Occupations (8)FR infi rmierBT paramedical personnel
observation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR observationBT research technique
obsolescent occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession obsolèteBT occupational structure
occupation FD Occupations (8)FR professionNT agriculture worker
business workerconstruction workercultural sector employeeeducation workerengineering workerenvironment workerforestry workerhealth workerhumanities workerinformation personneljournalism workerlaw workermanufacturing workerminerpublic service personnelscience workersecurity services workerservices workersocial sciences workersocial services workertransport services workerveterinary worker
RT careeroccupational statusoccupational structureregulated occupationsectoral training
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 133kg809644_inside_EN.indb 133 3/02/09 9:24:373/02/09 9:24:37
occupational accident 134 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
occupational accident FD Enterprise (7)FR accident du travailBT occupational safety
occupational aspiration USE vocational aspiration
occupational change USE career change
occupational choice USE career choice
occupational classifi cation USE job classifi cation
occupational disease FD Enterprise (7)FR maladie professionnelleUF mental stressBT working conditions
occupational environment USE work environment
occupational fi eld USE job classifi cation
occupational guidance USE vocational guidance
occupational information USE vocational information
occupational mobility FD Enterprise (7)FR mobilité professionnelleUF displacementBT career developmentNT secondmentRT freedom of movement
geographical mobilitylabour mobilitysocial mobilitytransparency of qualifi cations
occupational organisation USE professional association
occupational profi le FD Labour (6)FR profi l professionnelUF employee profi le
qualifi cational profi le
BT vocational qualifi cationRT job analysis
training specifi cation
occupational psychology USE industrial psychology
occupational qualifi cation USE vocational qualifi cation
occupational rehabilitation USE vocational rehabilitation
occupational safety FD Enterprise (7)FR sécurité du travailSN Measures to prevent or reduce
occupational accidents and diseases through training, regulations, etc.
UF accident preventionsafety at workstaff safety
BT working conditionsNT occupational accident
safety measureRT safety training
occupational satisfaction USE job satisfaction
occupational sociology USE industrial sociology
occupational status FD Labour (6)FR statut professionnelUF employment status
professional statusNT civil servant
craftsmanemployeeengineerentrepreneurliberal professionmanagerself employed workersupervisortechnicianworker
RT apprenticelevel of qualifi cationoccupation
occupational structure FD Labour (6)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 134kg809644_inside_EN.indb 134 3/02/09 9:24:373/02/09 9:24:37
European Training ThesaurusEN – 135 offi ce worker
FR structure de l’emploiUF employment pattern
employment structurelabour market structure
BT employmentNT non-traditional occupation
obsolescent occupationRT occupation
occupational success FD Enterprise (7)FR réussite professionnelleBT career development
occupational transformation USE career change
Oceania FD Countries and regions (14)FR OcéanieNT Australia
MelanesiaMicronesiaNew ZealandPolynesia
OECD FD International organisations (16)FR OCDEUF Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and DevelopmentBT international organisationRT economic development
OECD countries FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays de l’OCDERT Australia
AustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanLuxembourgMexicoNetherlands
New ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSouth KoreaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
off the job training FD Training (1)FR formation en dehors du poste de travailSN Vocational training undertaken away from
the normal work situation. It is usually only part of a whole training programme, in which it is combined with on-the-job training. (Source: Unesco, 1979.)
BT in company trainingRT training leave
offi ce automation FD Information and communication (5)FR bureautiqueUF offi ce technologyBT computer applicationRT automation
clerical workclerical workercompany managementtelecommunication
offi ce clerk USE clerical worker
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities FD European Union (15)FR Offi ce des publications offi cielles des
Communautés européennesUF OOPECBT agencies and other bodies
offi ce technology USE offi ce automation
offi ce work USE clerical work
offi ce worker USE clerical worker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 135kg809644_inside_EN.indb 135 3/02/09 9:24:383/02/09 9:24:38
older person 136 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
older person FD Population (13)FR personne âgéeUF elderlyBT age groupRT older worker
older worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur âgéUF ageing workerBT workerRT older person
Oman FD Countries and regions (14)FR OmanBT Gulf States
on the job training FD Training (1)FR formation sur le poste de travailSN Training carried in the individual’s work
setting, using the job as the medium for learning.
BT in company training
online catalogue USE catalogue
online learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage en ligneBT learning method
OOPEC USE Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the
European Communities
open employment USE competitive employment
open learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage ouvertUF fl exible learning
training fl exibilityBT learning methodRT individual training
open university
open university FD Education (2)FR université ouverteBT university
RT distance learningopen learning
opinion USE attitude
optical industry USE industry
optician USE paramedical personnel
oral expression USE basic education
organisation USE association
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development USE OECD
organisational change FD Enterprise (7)FR changement organisationnelUF business restructuring
management of changeorganisational development
BT company managementRT work organisation
organisational development USE organisational change
organisational learning USE learning organisation
OSHA USE European Agency for Safety Health at
Work
out of school education FD Education (2)FR éducation extrascolaireSN Covers institutions, programmes and
activities for out-of-school youth and extra-curricular activities for those in school.
BT education systemRT distance learning
outplacement FD Enterprise (7)FR aide au reclassement
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 136kg809644_inside_EN.indb 136 3/02/09 9:24:383/02/09 9:24:38
European Training ThesaurusEN – 137 parqueting worker
SN Counselling and job placement services for workers, particularly managers, displaced by redundancy or workforce reductions.
BT personnel management
outsourcing USE subcontracting
Overijssel FD Countries and regions (14)FR OverijsselBT Netherlands
overseas student USE foreign student
overtime FD Enterprise (7)FR heures supplémentairesBT hours of work
painter and decorator USE construction worker
painting USE fi ne arts
Pakistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR PakistanBT South Asia
Palestine authority USE Autonomous Territories of Palestine
pamphlet FD Document type (17)FR brochureUF booklet
brochure
Panama FD Countries and regions (14)FR PanamaBT Central America
paper industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du papierUF pulp and paper industryBT woodworking industryRT paper maker
paper maker FD Occupations (8)FR papetierBT manufacturing workerRT paper industry
Paraguay FD Countries and regions (14)FR ParaguayBT South America
paramedical personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel paramédicalUF ambulance personnel
dieticianmedical auxiliarymidwifeopticianphysiotherapistradiographer
BT health workerNT nurse
parental attitude FD Society (12)FR attitude des parentsBT parental roleRT parents
parental role FD Society (12)FR rôle des parentsBT social roleNT parental attitudeRT parents
parents FD Society (12)FR parentsBT familyRT parental attitude
parental role
parliament FD Administration (11)FR parlementBT stateRT legislation
parqueting worker USE wood worker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 137kg809644_inside_EN.indb 137 3/02/09 9:24:383/02/09 9:24:38
part time course 138 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
part time course FD Training (1)FR cours à temps partielUF part time educationBT training course
part time education USE part time course
part time employment FD Enterprise (7)FR emploi à temps partielSN Employment on a regular and voluntary
basis for hours substantially shorter than the standard hours.
UF part time workBT hours of work
part time work USE part time employment
pedagogics USE sciences of education
pedagogy USE sciences of education
Peloponnese FD Countries and regions (14)FR PéloponnèseBT Greece
pension scheme FD Enterprise (7)FR système de retraiteBT working conditionsRT retirement
people at risk USE disadvantaged group
performance FD Learning (3)FR performanceUF achievementBT personal developmentNT effi ciency
failureperformance appraisalsuccess
RT competence productivity
performance appraisal FD Learning (3)
FR évaluation de la performanceBT performance
performing artist FD Occupations (8)FR artiste du spectacleUF actor
dancermusicianproducersinger
BT cultural sector employeeRT music
permanent vocational training USE continuing training
personal computer USE microcomputer
personal development FD Learning (3)FR développement personnelUF individual developmentNT aptitude
creativityintellectual developmentknow howknowledgematurityperformancepersonality
RT behaviour
personal income USE wage
personal service personnel USE services worker
personality FD Learning (3)FR personnalitéUF traitsBT personal developmentNT self esteemRT attitude
personnel FD Enterprise (7)FR personnelUF staffBT personnel management
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 138kg809644_inside_EN.indb 138 3/02/09 9:24:383/02/09 9:24:38
European Training ThesaurusEN – 139 physical science worker
personnel assessment FD Enterprise (7)FR évaluation du personnelUF staff appraisal
staff assessmentBT personnel managementNT vocational assessment
work performanceRT evaluation
personnel committee USE works council
personnel management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion du personnelUF personnel policyBT human resources managementNT knowledge management
outplacementpersonnelpersonnel assessmentpersonnel regradingpersonnel supervisionpoachingrecruitmentreplacementsenioritystaff developmenttraining purchase
RT labour relationsmanpower
personnel mobility USE labour mobility
personnel policy USE personnel management
personnel regrading FD Enterprise (7)FR reclassement du personnelBT personnel management
personnel selection FD Enterprise (7)FR sélection du personnelBT recruitmentNT employment interviewRT job requirements
selection procedure
personnel shortage USE labour shortage
personnel supervision FD Enterprise (7)FR encadrement du personnelBT personnel management
personnel supply USE labour supply
Peru FD Countries and regions (14)FR PérouBT South America
petrochemical industry USE chemical industry
petroleum industry USE power industry
pharmaceutical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie pharmaceutiqueBT chemical industry
Philippines FD Countries and regions (14)FR PhilippinesBT South East Asia
philosophy FD Sciences and technology (4)FR philosophieBT humanities
photographer USE cultural sector employee
photography USE audiovisual industry
physical environment USE environment
physical health FD Society (12)FR santé physiqueBT healthRT physically disabled person
physical science worker USE physicist
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 139kg809644_inside_EN.indb 139 3/02/09 9:24:393/02/09 9:24:39
physically disabled person 140 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
physically disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapé physiqueUF blind person
deaf persondumb personphysically handicapped
BT disabled personRT physical health
special needs education
physically handicapped USE physically disabled person
physician USE medical practitioner
physicist FD Occupations (8)FR physicienUF physical science workerBT science worker
physics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR physiqueBT pure sciences
physiotherapist USE paramedical personnel
Picardy FD Countries and regions (14)FR PicardieBT France
Piedmont FD Countries and regions (14)FR PiémontBT Italy
pilot project FD Learning (3)FR projet piloteUF pilot study
training experimentRT educational development
pilot study USE pilot project
place of work FD Enterprise (7)FR lieu de travail
UF factoryBT work environmentRT sheltered employment
work at home
placement USE job placement
placement service USE employment service
planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cationBT administrationNT local planning
regional planningRT economic planning
educational planningplanning of trainingpublic administration
planning of training FD Training (1)FR planifi cation de la formationSN Regulations and arrangements adopted
by governmental or other institutions responsible for training of manpower.
UF vocational training planningBT training policyRT educational planning
planningtraining reform
plant shutdown USE company closure
plasterer USE construction worker
plastic products maker FD Occupations (8)FR fabricant de matières plastiquesBT manufacturing workerRT plastics industry
plastics industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des matières plastiquesBT chemical industryRT plastic products maker
plumber USE construction worker
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 140kg809644_inside_EN.indb 140 3/02/09 9:24:393/02/09 9:24:39
European Training ThesaurusEN – 141 population decline
poaching FD Enterprise (7)FR débauchageSN Occurs when a worker trained by one
enterprise, which hoped to benefi t from the worker’s new acquired skills over a long period, is induced to work for another.
UF head huntingBT personnel management
Poitou-Charentes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Poitou-CharentesBT France
Poland FD Countries and regions (14)FR PologneBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
OECD countries
police FD Occupations (8)FR policierBT security services worker
political ideology USE politics
political party FD Administration (11)FR parti politiqueBT politics
political regime USE political system
political science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR science politiqueBT social sciences
political system FD Administration (11)FR régime politiqueUF political regimeBT politicsRT state
politics FD Administration (11)FR politiqueUF election
political ideologyNT political party
political system
pollution FD Economy (10)FR pollutionBT environment
Polynesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR PolynésieBT Oceania
polytechnic USE higher education institute
polytechnic education FD Education (2)FR enseignement polytechniqueBT non-university higher education
polyvalence FD Learning (3)FR polyvalenceSN The ability to carry out a variety of tasks in
a given fi eld. BT skillRT multi skill training
polyvalent training USE multi skill training
population FD Population (13)FR populationNT census
migrationpopulation distributionpopulation trends
RT demography
population decline FD Population (13)FR dépeuplementBT population trends
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 141kg809644_inside_EN.indb 141 3/02/09 9:24:393/02/09 9:24:39
population distribution 142 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
population distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition de la populationUF rural population
urban populationBT populationNT age distribution
age groupsex distributionworking age population
RT migration
population growth USE population trends
population trends FD Population (13)FR tendances démographiquesSN Population trends are continuing, broadly
consistent changes in the level or rate of growth of population, in whole or in a part, in a given geographical area.
UF falling birthratemortalitypopulation growthrising birthrate
BT populationNT population decline
porter USE hotel personnel
Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR PortugalBT Southern EuropeNT Alentejo
AlgarveAzoresCentral PortugalLisbon and the Tagus ValleyMadeiraNorthern Portugal
RT EU countriesOECD countries
positive discrimination FD Administration (11)FR discrimination positiveSN Actions undertaken to redress the
inequalities between groups. BT social policyRT discrimination
post compulsory education FD Education (2)FR enseignement postobligatoireBT level of educationRT post secondary education
upper secondary education
post secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement postsecondaireUF college of further educationBT level of educationNT higher educationRT post compulsory education
upper secondary education
postgraduate study FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur (3e cycle)BT university studies
pottery maker USE glass worker
poverty FD Society (12)FR pauvretéBT living conditionsRT socially disabled person
power industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie énergétiqueUF energy industry
gas industrynuclear industrypetroleum industry
BT industryNT electricity industry
practical examination FD Learning (3)FR épreuve pratiqueBT examination
practical skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence pratiqueBT skill
practical training FD Training (1)FR formation pratiqueUF workshop practiceBT type of training
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 142kg809644_inside_EN.indb 142 3/02/09 9:24:403/02/09 9:24:40
European Training ThesaurusEN – 143 private sector
NT training placementRT work experience
pre primary education USE pre school education
pre school education FD Education (2)FR éducation préscolaireUF pre primary educationBT level of education
precarious employment USE temporary employment
precariousness USE marginalisation
precision instrument fi tter USE metalworker
press FD Information and communication (5)FR presseBT mass media
press release FD Document type (17)FR communiqué de presse
pressure group USE interest group
prevocational training USE vocational preparation
primary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement primaireUF elementary education
independent schoolBT level of educationRT primary school
primary school FD Education (2)FR école primaireUF elementary schoolBT schoolRT primary education
primary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur primaireBT economic sector
RT agriculturefi shing industry
printer USE printing worker
printing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR imprimerieBT communications industryRT graphic arts
printing worker
printing worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers de l’imprimerieUF electrotyper
printerBT manufacturing workerRT printing industry
prior learning USE non-formal learning
prisoner training FD Training (1)FR formation des détenusBT target groupRT delinquency
disadvantaged group
private education FD Education (2)FR enseignement privéUF private schoolBT educational administration
private employment service FD Labour (6)FR service d’emploi privéBT employment service
private fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nance privéBT fi nancial resourceRT private sector
private school USE private education
private sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur privéBT economic systemRT private fi nance
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 143kg809644_inside_EN.indb 143 3/02/09 9:24:403/02/09 9:24:40
problem solving 144 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
problem solving FD Learning (3)FR résolution de problèmesBT training methodRT cognitive process
proceedings FD Document type (17)FR actes de conférenceSN Collection of papers at a conference and,
generally, a report of the discussions. UF conference report
training conference
producer USE performing artist
production FD Economy (10)FR productionBT economyRT computer aided manufacturing
enterprisefl exible manufacturing systemproduction management
production management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion de la productionBT company managementRT production
productivity FD Economy (10)FR productivitéBT economyRT performance
professional association FD Administration (11)FR association professionnelleUF occupational organisationBT associationRT employers’ organisation
social partners
professional status USE occupational status
professional worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur professionnelBT worker
professionalisation USE professionalism
professionalism FD Labour (6)FR professionnalismeSN Use to mean the set of characteristics
exhibited by a profession. UF professionalisationBT vocational qualifi cation
professor USE higher education teacher
profi t FD Economy (10)FR profi tUF corporate incomeBT fi nancial management
programmed instruction FD Learning (3)FR enseignement programméSN A teaching method which allows the
student/trainee to work at his/her own pace through teaching and training material containing previously constructed sequences which lead him/her step by step to the desired goal through a specifi ed series of responses.
UF programmed learningBT training methodRT individual training
self directed learning
programmed learning USE programmed instruction
progress report USE report
progression FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR progressionBT research technique
project method FD Learning (3)FR travail sur projetBT training method
project report USE report
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 144kg809644_inside_EN.indb 144 3/02/09 9:24:403/02/09 9:24:40
European Training ThesaurusEN – 145 public relations
prolongation of schooling USE prolonged schooling
prolonged schooling FD Education (2)FR prolongation de la scolaritéUF prolongation of schoolingBT educational policyRT duration of training
schooling
promotion FD Enterprise (7)FR promotionUF advancementBT career development
Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur FD Countries and regions (14)FR Provence Alpes Côte d’AzurBT France
psychologist FD Occupations (8)FR psychologueBT social sciences workerRT health worker
psychology
psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologieBT humanitiesNT educational psychology
industrial psychologyRT psychologist
psychology at work USE industrial psychology
psychology of education USE educational psychology
psychology of learning USE educational psychology
public administration FD Administration (11)FR administration publiqueBT administrationNT civil service
public bodysocial service
RT central governmenteducational administration
labour administrationplanningpublic service
public body FD Administration (11)FR organisme publicUF state bodyBT public administrationRT mixed investment company
public enterprise
public education USE state education
public employment service FD Labour (6)FR service public de l’emploiBT employment service
public enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entreprise publiqueBT type of enterpriseNT mixed investment companyRT public body
public servicestate participation
public expenditure FD Economy (10)FR dépense publiqueBT national budgetRT state aid
public fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nance publiqueSN The fi nances of the state, including fi scal
policy, taxation, etc. NT local fi nance
national budgetstate aidstate participationtax
RT fi nancial policystate
public health USE health service
public relations USE business service
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 145kg809644_inside_EN.indb 145 3/02/09 9:24:413/02/09 9:24:41
public school 146 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
public school USE state education
public sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur publicBT economic system
public servant USE public service personnel
public service FD Economic activities (9)FR service publicUF sanitation serviceBT servicesRT civil service
public administrationpublic enterprise
public service personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel des services publicsUF administration worker
labour exchange offi cerpublic servant
BT occupationRT employment service
inspectorsecurity services worker
publishing FD Economic activities (9)FR éditionUF book industryBT communications industry
Puerto Rico FD Countries and regions (14)FR Porto RicoBT Greater Antilles
pulp and paper industry USE paper industry
pupil USE student
pure sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences puresNT chemistry
physics
Qatar FD Countries and regions (14)FR QatarBT Gulf States
qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cationSN The term qualifi cation covers different
aspects: formal qualifi cation: the formal outcome (certifi cate, diploma or title) of an assessment and validation process obtained when a competent body determines that an individual has achieved learning outcomes to given standards and/or possesses the necessary competence to do a job in a specifi c area of work. A qualifi cation confers offi cial recognition of the value of learning outcomes on the labour market and in education and training. A qualifi cation can be a legal entitlement to practise a trade (OECD); job requirements: the knowledge, aptitudes and skills required to perform specifi c tasks attached to a particular work position (ILO).
NT vocational qualifi cation
qualifi cational profi le USE occupational profi le
qualitative analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse qualitativeBT research method
quality assurance USE quality management
quality control USE quality management
quality management FD Administration (11)FR gestion de la qualitéSN The control and administration of the
resources, systems and activities which assure quality.
UF quality assurancequality controltotal quality management
BT managementRT quality of education
quality of training
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 146kg809644_inside_EN.indb 146 3/02/09 9:24:413/02/09 9:24:41
European Training ThesaurusEN – 147 recognition of competences
quality of education FD Education (2)FR qualité de l’éducationUF educational quality
teaching qualityNT educational defi citRT education
quality managementquality of trainingsciences of educationteachingtransfer of learning
quality of life FD Society (12)FR qualité de la vieUF cost of livingBT socio economic conditionsRT living conditions
quality of working life
quality of training FD Training (1)FR qualité de la formationNT training effectiveness
training standardtraining wastage
RT quality managementquality of educationtraining evaluation
quality of working life FD Enterprise (7)FR qualité de la vie activeBT working lifeNT humanisation of work
job rotationjob satisfaction
RT quality of life
questioning FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR technique d’interrogationBT research techniqueNT questionnaire
questionnaire FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR questionnaireBT questioning
racial discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination racialeUF racismBT discriminationRT ethnic group
racial equality FD Administration (11)FR égalité des racesBT social policy
racial segregation USE segregation
racism USE racial discrimination
radio FD Information and communication (5)FR radioBT mass mediaRT recreation service
radiographer USE paramedical personnel
railway transport USE transport
railway worker USE transport services worker
reading USE literacy
receptionist USE hotel personnel
recognised occupation USE regulated occupation
recognition of competences USE recognition of learning outcomes
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 147kg809644_inside_EN.indb 147 3/02/09 9:24:413/02/09 9:24:41
recognition of learning outcomes 148 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
recognition of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR reconnaissance des résultats
d’apprentissageUF recognition of competencesSN (a) Formal recognition: the process
of granting offi cial status to skills and competences either: through the award of qualifi cations (certifi cates, diploma or titles); or through the grant of equivalence, credit units or waivers, validation of gained skills and/or competences; and/or (b) social recognition: acknowledgement of the value of skills and/or competences by economic and social stakeholders. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)
BT competence
recognition of certifi cates USE recognition of qualifi cation
recognition of diplomas USE recognition of qualifi cation
recognition of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR reconnaissance des qualifi cationsSN The recognition by one or more countries
or organisations of qualifi cations (certifi cates, diplomas or titles) awarded in (or by) one or more other countries or other organisations (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
UF correspondence of qualifi cationsrecognition of certifi catesrecognition of diplomas
BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT regulated occupation
transparency of qualifi cationsvocational qualifi cation
recreation USE leisure
recreation service FD Economic activities (9)FR service de loisirUF entertainment
leisure serviceBT servicesNT sport
tourismRT leisure
radiotelevision
recruitment FD Enterprise (7)FR recrutementUF workers’ inductionBT personnel managementNT personnel selectionRT access to employment
admission requirementsemployment servicejob placementselection procedurevocational assessment
recurrent education USE continuing education
recycling industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du recyclageBT industryRT environment worker
reduction of working hours FD Enterprise (7)FR réduction du temps de travailBT working time arrangement
redundancy FD Labour (6)FR licenciement économiqueBT termination of employmentRT company closure
unemployment
reengineering FD Enterprise (7)FR reconfi guration des processus de
l’entrepriseSN Reengineering is the process of
fundamentally changing the way work is performed in order to achieve radical performance improvements in speed, cost, quality, market share, and return on investment (Michael Hammer, James Champy).
BT company management
refreshing training USE upskilling
refugee FD Society (12)FR réfugiéBT migrantRT disadvantaged group
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 148kg809644_inside_EN.indb 148 3/02/09 9:24:423/02/09 9:24:42
European Training ThesaurusEN – 149 regulation
Region of Murcia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région de MurcieBT Spain
regional and local authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité territorialeBT governmentNT local authority
regional authority
regional authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité régionaleBT regional and local authorityNT regional cooperation
regional policyRT regional planning
regional cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération régionaleBT regional authority
regional development FD Economy (10)FR développement régionalSN Use in connection with steps to improve
the material prosperity of a region of a country.
BT economic developmentNT rural developmentRT regional planning
regional employment USE regional labour market
regional labour market FD Labour (6)FR marché régional du travailUF regional employmentBT labour marketRT regional planning
regional unemployment
regional planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cation régionaleBT planningNT developing area
rural areaurban area
RT regional authorityregional developmentregional labour market
regional policy FD Administration (11)FR politique régionaleUF regional training policyBT regional authorityRT local fi nance
regional training policy USE regional policy
regional unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage régionalBT unemploymentRT regional labour market
registered unemployed worker USE job seeker
registration FD Education (2)FR inscriptionUF enrolmentBT access to education
regulated occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession réglementéeSN The regulated professional activity or
range of activities which constitute this profession in an EU Member State.
UF recognised occupationBT employmentRT European Union
liberal professionoccupationrecognition of qualifi cations
regulation FD Administration (11)FR réglementationSN Use for legal texts not adopted by
Parliament. For legal texts adopted by Parliament use law.
UF circulardecree
BT legislation
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 149kg809644_inside_EN.indb 149 3/02/09 9:24:423/02/09 9:24:42
religion 150 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
religion FD Society (12)FR religionUF churchBT society
remuneration USE wage
repair USE maintenance repair
replacement FD Enterprise (7)FR remplacementBT personnel management
report FD Document type (17)FR rapportSN Document stating the results of
the activities of an individual or an organisation.
UF interim reportprogress reportproject report
reporter USE journalism worker
Republic of Ireland USE Ireland
Republic of Moldova FD Countries and regions (14)FR République de MoldavieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR rechercheNT action research
empirical researchexperimental researchfundamental researchhistorical research
RT educational researchresearch methodresearch techniquesocial researchtraining research
research centre FD Economy (10)
FR centre de rechercheUF research instituteBT research policyRT Cedefop
research and development FD Economy (10)FR recherche et développementBT research policyNT innovation
research fi eld FD Economy (10)FR domaine de rechercheBT research policyRT educational research
social researchtraining research
research institute USE research centre
research method FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthode de rechercheNT case study
comparative analysiscost analysiscost benefi t analysismethodologyqualitative analysis
RT researchresearch technique
research policy FD Economy (10)FR politique de rechercheBT economic policyNT research centre
research and developmentresearch fi eldresearch programme
RT government policy
research programme FD Economy (10)FR programme de rechercheBT research policy
research technique FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR technique de rechercheNT experimentation
forecastinginterview
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 150kg809644_inside_EN.indb 150 3/02/09 9:24:423/02/09 9:24:42
European Training ThesaurusEN – 151 right to work
measurementobservationprogressionquestioningsurvey
RT researchresearch methodtest
resource centre FD Training (1)FR centre de matériel didactiqueSN Centre which holds audio-visual or printed
training material and provides it for consultation or loan.
BT training centreRT training aid
training material
responsible body USE awarding body
restoration FD Economic activities (9)FR restauration des bâtimentsBT arts
retail trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce de détailBT commercial distribution
retirement FD Labour (6)FR retraiteBT termination of employmentNT early retirementRT pension scheme
retraining FD Training (1)FR formation de reconversionSN Training for the acquisition of skills and
knowledge for practicing an occupation other than the one for which the worker was originally trained; may require basic training plus specialisation.
BT type of trainingRT career change
return migration FD Population (13)FR migration de retourBT international migration
return to work FD Labour (6)FR réinsertion professionnelleSN Labour market re-entry after a long period
of absence due to child-bearing, child-rearing, military service, imprisonment, etc.
BT entry into working lifeRT career break
Reunion FD Countries and regions (14)FR La RéunionBT Southern Africa
review USE compilation
Rhineland Palatinate FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhénanie-PalatinatBT Germany
Rhône-Alpes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhône-AlpesBT France
right to education FD Administration (11)FR droit à l’éducationBT human rightsRT access to education
access to information
right to information FD Administration (11)FR droit à l’informationUF disclosure of informationBT human rightsRT access to information
right to training FD Administration (11)FR droit à la formationBT human rightsRT access to training
right to work FD Administration (11)FR droit au travailBT human rightsRT access to employment
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 151kg809644_inside_EN.indb 151 3/02/09 9:24:423/02/09 9:24:42
rights of the child 152 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
rights of the child USE children’s rights
Rioja FD Countries and regions (14)FR RiojaBT Spain
rising birthrate USE population trends
road transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transport routierBT transport
robot FD Sciences and technology (4)FR robotUF industrial robotBT robotics
robotics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR robotiqueBT mechanisationNT robotRT automation
computer applicationfl exible manufacturing system
Romania FD Countries and regions (14)FR RoumanieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
roof slater and tiler USE construction worker
rubber industry USE chemical industry
rural area FD Administration (11)FR zone ruraleBT regional planningRT rural development
rural development FD Economy (10)FR développement ruralBT regional developmentRT rural area
rural population USE population distribution
rural urban migration USE migration
rural youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesse ruraleBT youth
Russia FD Countries and regions (14)FR RussieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
Rwanda FD Countries and regions (14)FR RwandaBT East Africa
Saarland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SarreBT Germany
safety at work USE occupational safety
safety education USE safety training
safety measure FD Enterprise (7)FR mesure de sécuritéBT occupational safety
safety training FD Training (1)FR formation à la sécuritéUF safety educationBT sectoral trainingRT occupational safety
sailor USE seafarer
salary USE wage
sales occupation USE commercial personnel
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 152kg809644_inside_EN.indb 152 3/02/09 9:24:433/02/09 9:24:43
European Training ThesaurusEN – 153 school industry partnership
sales person FD Occupations (8)FR vendeurBT commercial personnel
sales promotion USE marketing
sales representative USE commercial personnel
sales worker USE commercial personnel
Salzburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR SalzbourgBT Austria
San Marino FD Countries and regions (14)FR Saint MarinBT Southern Europe
sandwich course USE alternating training
sanitation service USE public service
Sardinia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SardaigneBT Italy
satellite communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communication par satelliteUF communications satelliteBT telecommunicationRT distance learning
Saudi Arabia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Arabie SaouditeBT Gulf States
Saxony FD Countries and regions (14)FR SaxeBT Germany
Saxony Anhalt FD Countries and regions (14)FR Saxe-AnhaltBT Germany
Scandinavia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ScandinavieBT Northern EuropeNT Denmark
FinlandNorwaySweden
Schleswig Holstein FD Countries and regions (14)FR Schleswig-HolsteinBT Germany
scholarship USE student allowance
school FD Education (2)FR écoleBT educational institutionNT primary school
secondary schoolRT schooling
transition from school to workvocational school
school dropout USE educational dropout
school enterprise relationship FD Education (2)FR relation école entrepriseUF school industry links
school industry partnershipBT educational policyRT enterprise
social interactiontraining partnershipuniversity enterprise relationship
school guidance USE educational guidance
school industry links USE school enterprise relationship
school industry partnership USE school enterprise relationship
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 153kg809644_inside_EN.indb 153 3/02/09 9:24:433/02/09 9:24:43
school leaving 154 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
school leaving FD Education (2)FR fi n de scolaritéBT schoolingRT completion of training
school leaving certifi cate USE A level
school subject USE curriculum subject
schooling FD Education (2)FR scolaritéBT educational administrationNT educational dropout
school leavingRT prolonged schooling
school
schooling rate FD Education (2)FR taux de scolarisationBT educational statistics
science park USE technology
science worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers du secteur scientifi queUF astronomer
scientifi c personnelscientist
BT occupationNT biologist
chemistmathematicianphysicist
sciences of education FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences de l’éducationUF pedagogics
pedagogyNT didactics
educational theoryexperimental educationlearning theorytraining theory
RT educationeducationalistquality of educationteaching
scientifi c personnel USE science worker
scientist USE science worker
Scotland FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉcosseBT United Kingdom
sea transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transport maritimeUF shippingBT transportRT docker
seafarershipbuilding
seafarer FD Occupations (8)FR marinUF sailorBT transport services workerRT sea transport
seamstress USE textile worker
seasonal unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage saisonnierBT unemployment
seasonal work USE seasonal worker
seasonal worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur saisonnierUF seasonal workBT temporary worker
second chance education USE second chance schools
second chance schools FD Education (2)FR école de la deuxième chanceUF second chance educationBT educational opportunity
second language USE foreign language skill
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 154kg809644_inside_EN.indb 154 3/02/09 9:24:433/02/09 9:24:43
European Training ThesaurusEN – 155 self employed worker
secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaireBT level of educationNT lower secondary education
upper secondary educationRT secondary school
secondary school FD Education (2)FR école secondaireBT schoolNT specialised secondary schoolRT secondary education
secondary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur secondaireBT economic sectorRT industry
secondment FD Enterprise (7)FR détachementBT occupational mobility
secretarial training USE clerical training
secretary FD Occupations (8)FR secrétaireBT clerical worker
sectoral education USE sectoral training
sectoral training FD Training (1)FR formation par branchesSN Use with an economic activity (Field 9). UF sectoral education
technological trainingNT clerical training
computer trainingcraft trainingmanagement trainingsafety trainingsupervisory training
RT occupation
security personnel USE security services worker
security services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services de sécuritéUF security personnelBT occupationNT military personnel
policeRT public service personnel
segregation FD Society (12)FR ségrégationUF racial segregationBT social integration
selection criteria FD Training (1)FR critère de sélectionBT selection procedure
selection procedure FD Training (1)FR procédure de sélectionBT access to trainingNT aptitude test
selection criteriaRT personnel selection
recruitment
self concept USE self esteem
self directed learning FD Learning (3)FR autoapprentissageSN Learning by oneself without the aid of an
instructor. UF independent learning
self instructionBT learning methodRT individual training
programmed instructionself evaluation
self employed worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur indépendantUF free lance worker
independent workerBT occupational statusRT self employment
worker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 155kg809644_inside_EN.indb 155 3/02/09 9:24:443/02/09 9:24:44
self employment 156 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
self employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi indépendantUF independent workBT conditions of employmentRT self employed worker
self esteem FD Learning (3)FR estime de soiUF self concept
self imageBT personality
self evaluation FD Learning (3)FR autoévaluationUF self monitoringBT intelligenceRT self directed learning
self image USE self esteem
self instruction USE self directed learning
self management FD Administration (11)FR autogestionBT managementRT cooperative
self monitoring USE self evaluation
semi skilled job USE semi skilled worker
semi skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur semi qualifi éSN Workers who have undergone a period
of training which is shorter than a full apprenticeship for a trade or who have learned only a limited part of a trade.
UF semi skilled jobspecialised worker
BT level of qualifi cation
semi state body USE mixed investment company
Senegal FD Countries and regions (14)FR SénégalBT West Africa
seniority FD Enterprise (7)FR anciennetéBT personnel management
Serbia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SerbieBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
serial USE series
series FD Document type (17)FR collectionSN Series consisting of a group (sequence) of
publications related to one another by the fact that each, in addition to its own title, bears also a title applying to the group as a whole. Series usually have a ISSN.
UF serial
service mechanic USE electrician
service sector USE services
services FD Economic activities (9)FR servicesUF army
legal serviceservice sectorservices industry
NT business serviceclerical workcultural servicefi nancial servicehealth servicehotel industryinformation serviceinsurancemaintenance repairpublic servicerecreation service
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 156kg809644_inside_EN.indb 156 3/02/09 9:24:443/02/09 9:24:44
European Training ThesaurusEN – 157 singer
social worktradetransportvoluntary service
RT economic developmentservices workertertiary sector
services industry USE services
services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des servicesUF caretaker
cleanerdomestic workerhousewifepersonal service personnel
BT occupationNT beautician
hairdresserhotel personneltourism personnel
RT services
setter of production machines USE mechanic
sex discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination sexuelleUF sexismBT discriminationRT equal opportunities
sex distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition par sexeBT population distributionNT man
woman
sexism USE sex discrimination
shadow economy USE informal sector
sheltered employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi protégéSN Use for employment opportunities for
handicapped persons where ordinary
competitive working conditions have been modifi ed.
BT conditions of employmentRT disabled worker
place of work
shipbuilding FD Economic activities (9)FR construction navaleBT machinery industryRT sea transport
shipping USE sea transport
shoemaker USE leather worker
short course FD Training (1)FR cours abrégéBT training courseRT intensive training
short term unemployment USE temporary employment
Sicily FD Countries and regions (14)FR SicileBT Italy
Sierra Leone FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sierra LeoneBT West Africa
silversmith FR chômage de courte durée
simulation training FD Learning (3)FR formation par simulationBT training methodRT educational game
Singapore FD Countries and regions (14)FR SingapourBT South East Asia
singer USE performing artist
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 157kg809644_inside_EN.indb 157 3/02/09 9:24:443/02/09 9:24:44
skill 158 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
skill FD Learning (3)FR Savoir-faire professionnelSN The relevant knowledge and experience
needed to perform a specifi c task or job and/or the product of education, training and experience which, together with relevant know-how, is the characteristic of technical knowledge.
UF capabilitytechnical knowledge
BT competenceNT basic skill
foreign language skillkey competencesmanagerial skillpolyvalencepractical skillskill analysissocial skilltransferable skill
skill analysis FD Learning (3)FR analyse des qualifi cationsSN The systematic review of component
attitudes, aptitudes and practices of experienced workers within a particular job.
BT skillNT skill development
skill obsolescence
skill development FD Learning (3)FR développement des compétencesUF skill evolution
skill trainingBT skill analysisRT employability
key competencestransferable skill
skill evolution USE skill development
skill level USE level of qualifi cation
skill needs USE skill shortage
skill obsolescence FD Learning (3)FR obsolescence des compétences
SN Vocational skills no longer used or out-dated, usually due to technological change. Can usually be rectifi ed by retraining.
BT skill analysis
skill requirement USE job requirements
skill shortage FD Labour (6)FR pénurie de personnel qualifi éUF skill needsBT manpower needsRT competence
skill training USE skill development
skilled machinist USE mechanic
skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur qualifi éBT level of qualifi cationRT highly skilled worker
Slovak Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République slovaqueBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
OECD countries
Slovenia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SlovénieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries
former Yugoslavia
small business USE small enterprise
small enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR petite entrepriseUF small businessBT small and medium enterprise
small and medium enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR petite et moyenne entrepriseSN According to Eurostat: 1-249 employees.
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 158kg809644_inside_EN.indb 158 3/02/09 9:24:453/02/09 9:24:45
European Training ThesaurusEN – 159 social fund
UF SMEBT type of enterpriseNT medium enterprise
small enterprise
SME USE small and medium enterprise
social adjustment USE socialisation
social assimilation USE social integration
social assistance FD Administration (11)FR assistance socialeBT social serviceRT social work
social behaviour FD Society (12)FR comportement socialBT behaviourNT discrimination
interpersonal relationsmarginalisationsocial interactionsocial rolesocialisation
RT community participationsocial skill
social benefi ts USE social security
social change FD Society (12)FR changement socialBT societyNT modernisation
social effect
social class FD Society (12)FR classe socialeUF middle class
upper classBT social structureNT elite
working class
social competence USE social skill
social consequence USE social effect
social dialogue FD Enterprise (7)FR dialogue socialSN The content of what social partners
discuss with one another. BT labour relations
social discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination socialeBT discrimination
social economy FD Economy (10)FR économie socialeBT economic system
social effect FD Society (12)FR effet socialUF social consequence
social implicationBT social change
social environment FD Society (12)FR milieu socialBT societyNT culture
family environmentsocio economic conditions
social exclusion FD Society (12)FR exclusion socialeSN The conditions and process whereby an
individual, a group, groups or a part of a population are denied access to benefi ts or benefi cial circumstances.
UF exclusionBT social integrationRT disadvantaged group
social fund USE Community fund
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 159kg809644_inside_EN.indb 159 3/02/09 9:24:453/02/09 9:24:45
social handicap 160 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
social handicap USE social inequality
social identity FD Society (12)FR identité socialeBT social integration
social implication USE social effect
social inclusion USE social integration
social inequality FD Society (12)FR inégalité socialeUF social handicapBT societyRT equal opportunities
socially disabled person
social insurance USE social security
social integration FD Society (12)FR intégration socialeUF social assimilation
social inclusionBT societyNT citizenship
cultural integrationmigrant integrationsegregationsocial exclusionsocial identity
social interaction FD Society (12)FR interaction socialeBT social behaviourRT school enterprise relationship
training employment relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship
social legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation socialeBT legislationRT society
social mobility FD Society (12)FR mobilité sociale
BT societyNT social promotionRT career change
freedom of movementgeographical mobilityoccupational mobilitysocial statusstudent mobility
social movement FD Society (12)FR mouvement socialSN Collective efforts to transform some given
areas of established social relations. BT society
social origin FD Society (12)FR origine socialeBT societyRT social structure
social partners FD Enterprise (7)FR partenaires sociauxSN Employers’ associations and trade unions
forming the two sides of (bipartite) social dialogue (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
BT labour relationsNT employer
employers’ organisationtrade union
RT professional association
social policy FD Administration (11)FR politique socialeBT government policyNT positive discrimination
racial equalitysocial research
RT discrimination
social problem FD Society (12)FR problème socialUF devianceBT societyNT addiction
delinquency
social promotion FD Society (12)FR promotion sociale
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 160kg809644_inside_EN.indb 160 3/02/09 9:24:453/02/09 9:24:45
European Training ThesaurusEN – 161 social system
BT social mobilityRT working student
social research FD Administration (11)FR recherche socialeBT social policyRT research
research fi eld
social rights FD Administration (11)FR droits sociauxBT human rights
social role FD Society (12)FR rôle socialBT social behaviourNT parental roleRT social status
social sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences socialesBT humanitiesNT demography
economicslinguisticspolitical sciencesociology
RT social sciences worker
social sciences worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession des sciences socialesUF social scientistBT occupationNT psychologist
sociologistRT social sciences
social scientist USE social sciences worker
social security FD Administration (11)FR sécurité socialeUF national insurance
social benefi tssocial insurance
BT social serviceNT family allowance
unemployment benefi t
social service FD Administration (11)FR service socialBT public administrationNT child care facilities
social assistancesocial security
social services personnel USE social services worker
social services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services sociauxUF social services personnel
welfare personnelBT occupationNT social worker
youth worker
social skill FD Learning (3)FR compétences socialesSN The skills that enable individuals to master
all the aspects of interactions with other persons and to take the appropriate (social) decision.
UF social competenceBT skillNT communication skillRT basic education
key competencessocial behaviour
social status FD Society (12)FR statut socialBT societyNT female statusRT social mobility
social rolesocial structure
social structure FD Society (12)FR structure socialeBT societyNT social classRT social origin
social status
social system USE society
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 161kg809644_inside_EN.indb 161 3/02/09 9:24:453/02/09 9:24:45
social work 162 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
social work FD Economic activities (9)FR travail socialBT servicesRT social assistance
social worker
social worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur socialBT social services workerRT social work
socialisation FD Society (12)FR socialisationUF social adjustmentBT social behaviour
socially disabled person FD Society (12)FR personne en diffi culté socialSN The socially disabled person are those
who are socially excluded, whether because of poor education, poverty, or membership of certain minority groups.
BT disabled personRT illiteracy
povertysocial inequality
society FD Society (12)FR sociétéUF social systemNT information society
religionsocial changesocial environmentsocial inequalitysocial integrationsocial mobilitysocial movementsocial originsocial problemsocial statussocial structure
RT social legislation
socio economic conditions FD Society (12)FR conditions socioéconomiquesBT social environmentNT living conditions
quality of life
socio occupational category USE job classifi cation
sociocultural group FD Society (12)FR groupe socioculturelUF linguistic groupNT disabled person
disadvantaged groupethnic groupfamilyinterest groupmigrantminority groupyouth
RT target group
sociologist FD Occupations (8)FR sociologueBT social sciences workerRT sociology
sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologieBT social sciencesNT educational sociology
industrial sociologyRT sociologist
sociology at work USE industrial sociology
Socrates FD European Union (15)FR SocratesSN Socrates (1995-2006) is the European
programme for education. Socrates consists of eight actions.
BT Community programmeRT Lifelong Learning Programme
software FD Information and communication (5)FR logicielBT informaticsRT computer network
training software
soldier USE military personnel
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 162kg809644_inside_EN.indb 162 3/02/09 9:24:463/02/09 9:24:46
European Training ThesaurusEN – 163 Southern Africa
Somalia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SomalieBT East Africa
South Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique du SudBT Southern Africa
South America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique du SudBT Latin AmericaNT Argentina
BoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela
South Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie du SudBT AsiaNT Bangladesh
BhutanIndiaMaldivesNepalPakistanSri Lanka
South East Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie du Sud-EstBT AsiaNT Brunei
CambodiaEast TimorIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam
South East England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Sud-EstBT England
South Holland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hollande-MéridionaleBT Netherlands
South Korea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Corée du SudBT Far EastRT OECD countries
South West England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Sud-OuestBT England
Southern Aegean FD Countries and regions (14)FR Égée méridionaleBT Greece
Southern Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique méridionaleBT AfricaNT Angola
BotswanaLesothoMadagascarMalawiMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaReunionSouth AfricaSwazilandZambiaZimbabwe
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 163kg809644_inside_EN.indb 163 3/02/09 9:24:463/02/09 9:24:46
Southern Europe 164 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Southern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe du SudUF Mediterranean countriesBT EuropeNT Andorra
CyprusGibraltarGreeceItalyMaltaMonacoPortugalSan MarinoSpainTurkeyVatican
Spain FD Countries and regions (14)FR EspagneBT Southern EuropeNT Andalusia
AragonAsturiasBalearic islandBasque countryCanary islandCantabriaCastille La ManchaCastille and LeonCataloniaCeutaCommunity of MadridCommunity of ValenciaExtremaduraGaliciaMelillaNavarreRegion of MurciaRioja
RT EU countriesOECD countries
special education USE special needs education
special needs education FD Education (2)FR éducation répondant à des besoins
spéciauxUF special education
SN Educational activity and support designed to address specifi c needs of disabled children or children failing school for many other reasons known to impede optimal progress. (Source: adapted from Unesco, ISCED 1997.)
BT education systemRT mentally disabled person
physically disabled person
special issue USE journal issue
specialised secondary school FD Education (2)FR lycée professionnelSN Two-year continuation school to
supplement lower secondary education for admission to study at a specialised college with university status.
BT secondary school
specialised worker USE semi skilled worker
specialist training FD Training (1)FR formation de spécialisteSN Advanced level training to deepen
knowledge of a particular task, function or aspect of a worker’s occupation.
BT type of training
speech FD Document type (17)FR discours
sponsorship USE fi nancial resource
sport FD Economic activities (9)FR sportBT recreation service
Sri Lanka FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sri LankaBT South Asia
staff USE personnel
staff appraisal USE personnel assessment
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 164kg809644_inside_EN.indb 164 3/02/09 9:24:463/02/09 9:24:46
European Training ThesaurusEN – 165 strike
staff assessment USE personnel assessment
staff development FD Enterprise (7)FR développement du personnelBT personnel management
staff mobility USE labour mobility
staff safety USE occupational safety
staff shortage USE labour shortage
staff supply USE labour supply
staff training FD Training (1)FR formation du personnelBT target groupRT human resources management
in company trainingin service training
standard FD Document type (17)FR normeSN Technical specifi cation or other document
available to the public, drawn up with the cooperation and consensus or general approval of all interests affected by it based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefi ts and approved by a body recognised on the national, regional or international level.
standard of living USE living conditions
state FD Administration (11)FR ÉtatNT government
parliamentRT constitution
political systempublic fi nancestate aidstate participation
state aid FD Economy (10)FR aide de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceRT public expenditure
state
state body USE public body
state education FD Education (2)FR enseignement publicUF public education
public schoolBT educational administration
state participation FD Economy (10)FR participation de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceRT public enterprise
state
statistical analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse statistique
statistician FR statisticien
statistics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR statistiquesBT mathematicsRT census
educational statisticslabour statisticsmathematiciantraining statistics
statutory education USE compulsory education
steel industry USE iron industry
stonemason and cutter USE construction worker
strike FD Enterprise (7)FR grèveBT labour relations
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 165kg809644_inside_EN.indb 165 3/02/09 9:24:473/02/09 9:24:47
structural unemployment 166 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
structural unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage structurelSN Unemployment caused by changes in the
structure of the economy resulting from such factors as technological change or relocation of industry, or by changes in the composition of the labour force.
BT unemployment
student FD Education (2)FR étudiantUF pupilBT student populationNT foreign student
higher education graduateundergraduate studentworking student
RT student exchangetraineetrainees’ attitude
student allowance FD Training (1)FR bourse d’étudeUF educational grant
scholarshipBT fi nancing of educationRT training allowance
student exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange d’étudiantsBT international exchangeRT international cooperation
studentstudy tourtraining abroad
student mobility FD Education (2)FR mobilité des étudiantsBT educational administrationRT freedom of movement
geographical mobilitysocial mobility
student organisation FD Administration (11)FR organisation étudianteBT youth organisation
student population FD Education (2)
FR population scolaire universitaireNT studentRT youth
students’ attitude USE trainees’ attitude
study abroad USE training abroad
study duration USE duration of studies
study method USE learning method
study tour FD Learning (3)FR voyage d’étudesUF educational tour
study visittraining tour
BT training methodRT international exchange
student exchangetraining abroad
study visit USE study tour
Styria FD Countries and regions (14)FR StyrieBT Austria
subcontracting FD Enterprise (7)FR sous traitanceUF outsourcing
subcontractorBT enterprise
subcontractor USE subcontracting
subsidy FD Economy (10)FR subventionUF fi nancial supportBT fi nancial resource
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 166kg809644_inside_EN.indb 166 3/02/09 9:24:473/02/09 9:24:47
European Training ThesaurusEN – 167 Tanzania
success FD Learning (3)FR réussiteBT performance
Sudan FD Countries and regions (14)FR SoudanBT East Africa
sugar industry USE food industry
supervisor FD Labour (6)FR agent de maîtriseUF foremanBT occupational statusRT supervisory training
supervisory training FD Training (1)FR formation de contremaîtresSN Training in the functions and techniques
of supervising the work of others (in work organisation, job instruction, human relations, quality control, etc.).
BT sectoral trainingRT supervisor
supplementary training USE continuing training
Suriname FD Countries and regions (14)FR SurinameBT South America
survey FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR enquêteBT research technique
sustainable development FD Economy (10)FR développement durableBT economic policyNT environment
Swaziland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SwazilandBT Southern Africa
Sweden FD Countries and regions (14)FR SuèdeBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries
OECD countries
Switzerland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SuisseBT Western EuropeRT EFTA
OECD countries
Syria FD Countries and regions (14)FR SyrieBT Mashreq
systems analyst USE computing personnel
systems designer USE computing personnel
tailor USE textile worker
Taiwan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TaiwanBT Far East
Tajikistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TadjikistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR
tanning industry USE leather industry
Tanzania FD Countries and regions (14)FR TanzanieBT East Africa
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 167kg809644_inside_EN.indb 167 3/02/09 9:24:473/02/09 9:24:47
target group 168 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
target group FD Training (1)FR groupe cibleUF client group
target groups of educationNT adult training
migrant trainingprisoner trainingstaff trainingteacher trainingtraining of trainersyouth training
RT disadvantaged groupgroup learninglearningsociocultural groupteaching
target groups of education USE target group
tariff agreement USE collective agreement
task analysis USE job analysis
tax FD Economy (10)FR impôtBT public fi nanceRT training levy
teacher FD Occupations (8)FR enseignantBT teaching personnelNT headteacher
higher education teacherRT teacher exchange
teacher trainingvocational teacher
teacher education USE teacher training
teacher exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange d’enseignantsBT international exchangeRT international cooperation
teacher
teacher role FD Society (12)
FR rôle de l’enseignantBT behaviour
teacher training FD Training (1)FR formation des enseignantsUF teacher education
training of teachersBT target groupRT college of education
teachertraining centretraining of trainers
teacher training college USE college of education
teaching FD Learning (3)FR enseignementNT mentoringRT curriculum subject
educationeducational technologyquality of educationsciences of educationtarget groupteaching personneltraining aid
teaching aid USE training aid
teaching material USE training material
teaching method USE training method
teaching objective USE educational objective
teaching personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel enseignantBT education workerNT examiner
teacherRT teaching
teaching profession USE education worker
teaching quality USE quality of education
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 168kg809644_inside_EN.indb 168 3/02/09 9:24:483/02/09 9:24:48
European Training ThesaurusEN – 169 telecommunication
teaching subject USE curriculum subject
teaching technique USE training method
team work FD Enterprise (7)FR travail en équipeSN Work undertaken in groups where each
worker’s duties depend on those of other members of the group.
UF group managementBT work organisationRT group learning
technical assistance FD Administration (11)FR assistance techniqueBT development aid
technical education USE vocational education
technical knowledge USE skill
technical occupation USE technician
technical personnel USE technician
technical school USE vocational school
technical training FD Training (1)FR formation techniqueSN Theoretical and practical training for
technicians (in the industrial sector) to augment basic acquired knowledge.
BT type of trainingRT technician
technician FD Labour (6)FR technicienSN With more technical knowledge than
a skilled worker, but with less than an engineer.
UF technical occupationtechnical personnel
BT occupational status
RT technical trainingtechnology
technological change FD Sciences and technology (4)FR changement technologiqueBT technologyRT innovation
modernisation
technological sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences technologiquesNT engineering
ergonomicsRT information technology
technological training USE sectoral training
technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologieUF science park
technology parkNT advanced technology
automationbiotechnologyeducational technologymechanisationnew technologiestechnological changetechnology transfer
RT information technologytechnician
technology park USE technology
technology transfer FD Sciences and technology (4)FR transfert de technologieBT technologyRT innovation
telecommunication FD Information and communication (5)FR télécommunicationBT communication mediumNT computer network
satellite communicationRT email
offi ce automationtelematics
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 169kg809644_inside_EN.indb 169 3/02/09 9:24:483/02/09 9:24:48
telecommunications fi tter 170 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
telecommunications fi tter USE electrician
telecommunications industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des télécommunicationsBT communications industry
telematics FD Information and communication (5)FR télématiqueBT computer applicationRT telecommunication
telephonist USE clerical worker
television FD Information and communication (5)FR télévisionBT mass mediaRT educational television
recreation service
teleworking FD Enterprise (7)FR télétravailSN Work at a distance (including work at
home) employing telecommunication and/or computer facilities.
BT work organisationRT information society
work at home
temporary employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi temporaireUF precarious employment
short term unemploymenttemporary work
BT conditions of employmentRT temporary worker
temporary unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage temporaireSN Where individuals are temporarily without
work, or are between jobs. UF frictional unemploymentBT unemployment
temporary work USE temporary employment
temporary worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur temporaireBT workerNT casual worker
seasonal workerRT temporary employment
Tempus FD European Union (15)FR TempusSN Tempus programme (1990-…) is a trans-
European cooperation scheme for higher education. It’s objective is to facilitate the restructuring of the higher education sector in Central and Eastern European countries through inter-university cooperation, exchanges between students and teaching staff and industry-university cooperation between these countries and the countries of the Community.
BT Community programme
terminal USE computer
termination of employment FD Labour (6)FR cessation d’emploiUF dismissal
job terminationBT conditions of employmentNT job loss
redundancyretirement
terminology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR terminologieBT linguistics
tertiary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur tertiaireBT economic sectorRT services
test FD Learning (3)FR testBT examinationRT aptitude test
research technique
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 170kg809644_inside_EN.indb 170 3/02/09 9:24:483/02/09 9:24:48
European Training ThesaurusEN – 171 toy industry
textbook USE learning material
textile industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie textileBT industryNT clothing industryRT textile worker
textile worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du textileUF cutter
embroidererknitterseamstresstailorweaver
BT manufacturing workerRT clothing industry
textile industry
Thailand FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThaïlandeBT South East Asia
theatre FD Economic activities (9)FR théâtreBT arts
theory of education USE educational theory
thesaurus FD Document type (17)FR thésaurusSN Vocabulary of a controlled indexing
language, formally organized so that the a priori relationships between concepts (for example as “broader” and “narrower”) are made explicit” (ISO standard 5964).
thesis FD Document type (17)FR thèseSN Document reporting the author’s research
and fi ndings and submitted by him in support of his candidature for a degree or professional qualifi cation.
UF dissertation
Thessaly FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThessalieBT Greece
Thuringia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThuringeBT Germany
time study USE work study
tobacco industry USE industry
Togo FD Countries and regions (14)FR TogoBT West Africa
toolmaker USE metalworker
total quality management USE quality management
tour guide USE travel guide
tourism FD Economic activities (9)FR tourismeUF tourist service
travel agencyBT recreation serviceRT tourism personnel
tourism personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du tourismeUF travel personnelBT services workerNT travel agency employee
travel guideRT tourism
tourist service USE tourism
town planning USE urban planning
toy industry USE industry
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 171kg809644_inside_EN.indb 171 3/02/09 9:24:483/02/09 9:24:48
trade 172 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerceUF commerceBT servicesNT commercial distribution
international tradeRT chamber of commerce
commercial personnelinternational economy
trade certifi cate USE certifi cate
trade policy FD Economy (10)FR politique du commerce internationalBT economic policyRT international trade
trade union FD Enterprise (7)FR syndicatUF employees’ association
labour unionBT social partnersNT trade union roleRT trade union training
workers’ participation
trade union role FD Enterprise (7)FR rôle syndicalBT trade union
trade union training FD Training (1)FR formation syndicaleBT type of trainingRT trade union
trades’ training USE craft training
trainee FD Training (1)FR stagiaireSN Use to mean person undergoing training
or education with an occupational basis. NT apprentice
graduate traineetrainee participationtrainee selection
RT studenttrainees’ attitude
trainertrainer trainee relationshiptraining specifi cation
trainee assessment USE assessment of learning outcomes
trainee participation FD Training (1)FR participation des stagiairesBT trainee
trainee record USE assessment of learning outcomes
trainee selection FD Training (1)FR sélection du stagiaireBT trainee
trainees’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des stagiairesUF attitude toward school
students’ attitudeBT work attitudeRT student
trainee
trainer FD Occupations (8)FR formateurBT training personnelRT trainee
trainer trainee relationshiptrainers’ attitudetraining of trainers
trainer trainee ratio USE training statistics
trainer trainee relationship FD Learning (3)FR relation formateur stagiaireBT transfer of learningRT trainee
trainer
trainers’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des formateursBT work attitudeRT trainer
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 172kg809644_inside_EN.indb 172 3/02/09 9:24:493/02/09 9:24:49
European Training ThesaurusEN – 173 training convention
training abroad FD Training (1)FR formation à l’étrangerUF study abroadBT type of trainingRT choice of studies
student exchangestudy tour
training administration FD Administration (11)FR administration de la formationSN Covers the implementation of and
responsibility for training policies at the national, regional or local level. See also “training management”.
BT administrationNT training statistics
training agreement USE training employment contract
training aid FD Learning (3)FR matériel didactiqueUF educational aid
learning aidteaching aid
NT audiovisual aideducational gamemultimedia systemtraining materialtraining software
RT computerdidacticsmass mediaresource centreteaching
training allowance FD Training (1)FR indemnité de formationSN Financial assistance which enables an
individual to meet all or part of the cost of training.
UF individual learning accounttraining funds
BT fi nancing of trainingRT student allowance
training and teaching personnel USE education worker
training assessment USE training evaluation
training assistance FD Training (1)FR assistance en matière de formationBT training managementRT development aid
export of training
training audit USE training evaluation
training bay USE training workshop
training benefi t USE training evaluation
training budget FD Training (1)FR budget de formationUF education budgetBT economics of educationRT budget
training centre FD Training (1)FR centre de formationUF learning site
learning venueBT training institutionNT resource centre
training workshopvocational rehabilitation centrevocational school
RT college of educationeducational institutionteacher training
training concept USE training research
training conference USE proceedings
training consultant FD Occupations (8)FR consultant en formationBT training personnel
training contracting USE training employment contract
training convention USE training employment contract
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 173kg809644_inside_EN.indb 173 3/02/09 9:24:493/02/09 9:24:49
training coordination 174 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
training coordination USE training management
training cost USE cost of training
training course FD Training (1)FR cours de formationBT training managementNT evening class
full time coursepart time courseshort course
RT curriculumtraining credittype of training
training credit FD Learning (3)FR unité capitalisableUF credit system
credit uniteducational creditlearning credit
BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT modular training
training course
training demand USE training needs
training description USE training specifi cation
training development FD Training (1)FR développement de la formationBT training policyNT training innovation
training director USE training manager
training dropout FD Training (1)FR abandon de la formationSN Withdrawal from a training programme
before completion. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of education.)
BT training wastageRT course attendance
educational dropout
training duration USE duration of training
training effectiveness FD Training (1)FR effi cacité de la formationBT quality of training
training employment contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat emploi formationUF training agreement
training contractingtraining convention
BT labour contractRT employment policy
training legislation
training employment relationship FD Labour (6)FR relation emploi formationUF employment training relationshipBT transition from school to workRT social interaction
training market
training equipment FD Learning (3)FR équipement pédagogiqueSN Use to mean educational hardware. BT training material
training establishment USE training institution
training evaluation FD Training (1)FR évaluation de la formationUF educational assessment
evaluation of teachingtraining assessmenttraining audittraining benefi t
BT training managementNT training validationRT quality of training
training researchtraining standard
training expenditure USE cost of training
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 174kg809644_inside_EN.indb 174 3/02/09 9:24:493/02/09 9:24:49
European Training ThesaurusEN – 175 training levy
training experiment USE pilot project
training fee FD Training (1)FR frais de formationUF education feesBT fi nancing of training
training fl exibility USE open learning
training function FD Training (1)FR fonction de formationBT training managementRT training needs
training objectivetraining personnel
training funds USE training allowance
training indicator USE training statistics
training information FD Training (1)FR information sur la formationBT training policyRT educational guidance
guidance offi cerguidance serviceinformationvocational counsellorvocational guidance
training initiative FD Training (1)FR action de formationBT training policyNT local training initiative
training innovation FD Training (1)FR innovation en formationBT training developmentRT educational innovation
innovation
training institution FD Training (1)FR institution de formationSN Used to designate a governmental or
private body responsible for training matters at the national, regional or sectoral level. Cf. training centre.
UF extra company training institutiontraining establishmenttraining organisation
NT training centreRT educational institution
training investment USE cost of training
training leave FD Enterprise (7)FR congé de formationUF day release
educational leavematernity leave
BT working conditionsRT off the job training
training legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation de la formationBT legislationRT training employment contract
training policytraining reform
training level FD Training (1)FR niveau de formationBT training systemRT level of education
level of qualifi cation
training levy FD Training (1)FR taxe de formationSN Levy imposed on employers with a view to
fi nancing training activities. BT fi nancing of trainingRT tax
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 175kg809644_inside_EN.indb 175 3/02/09 9:24:503/02/09 9:24:50
training management 176 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
training management FD Training (1)FR gestion de la formationSN Organisation and administration of training
in enterprises, institutions and training centres. In fi eld 11 (Administration), the descriptor “training administration” covers the implementation of and the responsibility for training policies at national, regional or local level.
UF training coordinationNT accreditation of training
accreditation of education and training providerscourse attendanceduration of trainingtraining assistancetraining coursetraining evaluationtraining functiontraining objectivetraining partnershiptraining plantraining programmetraining specifi cationvocational rehabilitation
RT training manager
training manager FD Occupations (8)FR responsable de la formationUF training directorBT training personnelRT training management
training market FD Training (1)FR marché de la formationSN The market where training services are
exchanged between those who provide them and those who require them.
BT economics of educationNT training supplyRT employment monitoring system
training employment relationshiptraining needs
training marketing FD Training (1)FR marketing de la formationUF training promoterBT economics of education
training material FD Learning (3)
FR matériel de formationUF educational material
teaching materialtraining media
BT training aidNT training equipmentRT resource centre
training media USE training material
training method FD Learning (3)FR méthode pédagogiqueUF teaching method
teaching techniqueNT audiovisual method
computer based learningdistance learningproblem solvingprogrammed instructionproject methodsimulation trainingstudy tour
RT educational technologylearning methodvocational training
training needs FD Training (1)FR besoins de formationUF training demandBT economics of educationNT training needs analysisRT educational needs
employment monitoring systemlabour markettraining functiontraining market
training needs analysis FD Training (1)FR analyse des besoins de formationBT training needsRT training research
training network USE training partnership
training objective FD Training (1)FR objectif de formationUF training role
training target
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 176kg809644_inside_EN.indb 176 3/02/09 9:24:503/02/09 9:24:50
European Training ThesaurusEN – 177 training profi le
BT training managementRT educational objective
training functiontraining specifi cationtraining theory
training of teachers USE teacher training
training of trainers FD Training (1)FR formation de formateursBT target groupRT teacher training
trainer
training opportunity USE training supply
training organisation USE training institution
training outcome USE economics of education
training participation rate FD Administration (11)FR taux de participation à la formationSN The proportion or percentage of persons
who participate in or benefi t from a training course.
UF education participation rateBT training statistics
training partnership FD Training (1)FR partenariat de la formationUF training networkBT training managementRT joint venture
school enterprise relationshiptraining policy coordinationuniversity enterprise relationship
training passport FD Learning (3)FR passeport de formationBT certifi cation of learning outcomes
training personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel de formationUF instructor
training staffBT education worker
NT trainertraining consultanttraining managertraining tutorvocational counsellorvocational teacher
RT training function
training placement FD Training (1)FR stage en entrepriseBT practical trainingRT university enterprise relationship
training plan FD Training (1)FR plan de formationSN Set of training programmes accepted
by the employer according to business objectives.
BT training management
training policy FD Training (1)FR politique de formationSN Combination of decisions, objectives and
guidance emanating from an offi cial body to fi x the goals and priorities for training.
UF training strategyNT access to training
planning of trainingtraining developmenttraining informationtraining initiativetraining policy coordinationtraining reform
RT educational policygovernment policytraining legislation
training policy coordination FD Training (1)FR coordination de la politique de formationSN Measures designed to harmonise training
activities and practice; within a country, between ministries, regions or local authorities.
BT training policyRT training partnership
training profi le USE training specifi cation
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 177kg809644_inside_EN.indb 177 3/02/09 9:24:503/02/09 9:24:50
training programme 178 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
training programme FD Training (1)FR programme de formationSN Training activities defi ned in terms of
objectives, target population, contents and results.
BT training managementNT course designRT curriculum
training promoter USE training marketing
training provider USE training supply
training purchase FD Enterprise (7)FR achat de formationBT personnel management
training reform FD Training (1)FR réforme de la formationBT training policyRT educational reform
planning of trainingtraining legislation
training research FD Training (1)FR recherche sur la formationUF training conceptBT vocational trainingRT educational research
researchresearch fi eldtraining evaluationtraining needs analysistraining theory
training role USE training objective
training software FD Learning (3)FR didacticielUF authoring system
coursewareeducational software
BT training aidRT computer based learning
software
training specifi cation FD Training (1)FR profi l de formationUF training description
training profi leBT training managementRT curriculum
occupational profi letraineetraining objective
training staff USE training personnel
training standard FD Training (1)FR norme de formationBT quality of trainingRT training evaluation
training statistics FD Administration (11)FR statistiques de la formationUF trainer trainee ratio
training indicatorBT training administrationNT number of trainees
training participation rateRT educational statistics
statistics
training strategy USE training policy
training supply FD Training (1)FR offre de formationUF training opportunity
training providerBT training market
training system FD Training (1)FR système de formationNT alternating training
in company trainingin service trainingintercompany trainingmodular trainingtraining level
RT education system
training target USE training objective
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 178kg809644_inside_EN.indb 178 3/02/09 9:24:513/02/09 9:24:51
European Training ThesaurusEN – 179 transnational corporation
training theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de la formationBT sciences of educationRT educational theory
training objectivetraining research
training tour USE study tour
training tutor FD Occupations (8)FR tuteur de formationBT training personnel
training type USE type of training
training validation FD Training (1)FR validation de la formationSN A series of tests and assessments
designed to ascertain whether a training programme has achieved the behavioural objectives specifi ed.
BT training evaluation
training wastage FD Training (1)FR gaspillage de la formationUF educational wastageBT quality of trainingNT training dropout
training workshop FD Training (1)FR atelier de formationSN Area reserved for provision of practical
training and specially staffed and equipped for this purpose (e. g. training offi ce, training pilot, training kitchen, etc.).
UF training bayBT training centre
traits USE personality
transfer of learning FD Learning (3)FR transfert pédagogiqueUF knowledge transferBT learningNT trainer trainee relationship
RT key competencesquality of educationtransferable skill
transferable skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence transférableSN The skills individuals have which are
relevant to jobs and occupations other than the ones they currently have or have recently had.
UF transversal competencesBT skillRT skill development
transfer of learning
transition from school to work FD Labour (6)FR passage à la vie activeSN After full-time education, people follow
a variety of routes before they fi nd employment or set themselves up as self-employed. The change from full-time education to regular work is the transition from school to work.
NT training employment relationshipRT entry into working life
guidance serviceindustryschoolvocational guidance
translation FD Information and communication (5)FR traductionUF automated translation
interpretationmachine translation
BT multilingualismRT information personnel
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union FD European Union (15)FR Centre de traduction des organes de
l’Union européenneUF CdTBT agencies and other bodies
translator USE information personnel
transnational corporation USE multinational enterprise
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 179kg809644_inside_EN.indb 179 3/02/09 9:24:513/02/09 9:24:51
transparency of qualifi cations 180 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
transparency of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR transparence des qualifi cationsSN The degree of visibility and legibility of
qualifi cations, their content and value on the (sectoral, regional, national or international) labour market and in education and training systems. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)
BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT comparability of qualifi cations
occupational mobilityrecognition of qualifi cations
transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transportUF air transport
inland water transportland transportrailway transporttransportationurban transport
BT servicesNT road transport
sea transportRT air transport personnel
aircraft industryautomobile industrytransport services worker
transport services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services de transportUF boatman
bus workerrailway workertransport worker
BT occupationNT air transport personnel
dockerdriverseafarer
RT transport
transport worker USE transport services worker
transportation USE transport
transversal competences USE transferable skill
travel agency USE tourism
travel agency employee FD Occupations (8)FR employé d’agence de voyagesBT tourism personnel
travel guide FD Occupations (8)FR guide touristiqueUF tour guideBT tourism personnel
travel personnel USE tourism personnel
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe USE European Treaty
Treaty of Maastricht USE European Treaty
Treaty of Rome USE European Treaty
trend FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR tendanceBT forecasting
Trentino Alto Adige FD Countries and regions (14)FR Trentin-Haut-AdigeBT Italy
Tunisia FD Countries and regions (14)FR TunisieBT Maghreb
Turkey FD Countries and regions (14)FR TurquieBT Southern EuropeRT OECD countries
Turkmenistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TurkménistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR
Tuscany FD Countries and regions (14)
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 180kg809644_inside_EN.indb 180 3/02/09 9:24:513/02/09 9:24:51
European Training ThesaurusEN – 181 unemployed youth
FR ToscaneBT Italy
type of enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR type d’entrepriseBT enterpriseNT cooperative
large enterprisemultinational enterprisepublic enterprisesmall and medium enterprise
RT association
type of training FD Training (1)FR type de formationUF training typeNT basic training
continuing trainingindividual traininginduction traininginitial trainingintensive trainingmulti skill trainingpractical trainingretrainingspecialist trainingtechnical trainingtrade union trainingtraining abroadupskilling
RT training coursevocational training
typist USE clerical worker
Tyrol FD Countries and regions (14)FR TyrolBT Austria
Uganda FD Countries and regions (14)FR OugandaBT East Africa
Ukraine FD Countries and regions (14)FR UkraineBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR
Ulster FD Countries and regions (14)FR UlsterBT Ireland
Umbria FD Countries and regions (14)FR OmbrieBT Italy
underemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage partielSN Use in connection with the reduction
of working hours of all workers in an enterprise of which the output has had to be reduced temporarily, or with the economic situation of a country which is not suffi ciently developed to permit full employment of available manpower.
BT unemployment
undergraduate USE undergraduate student
undergraduate student FD Education (2)FR étudiant du premier cycleUF undergraduateBT student
undergraduate study FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur (1er et 2e cycles)BT university studies
underground economy USE informal sector
underqualifi ed worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur sous qualifi éBT worker
unemployed worker FD Labour (6)FR chômeurBT workerNT job seekerRT long term unemployment
unemploymentunemployment duration
unemployed youth USE youth unemployment
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 181kg809644_inside_EN.indb 181 3/02/09 9:24:513/02/09 9:24:51
unemployment 182 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômageNT disguised unemployment
female unemploymentgraduate unemploymentmigrant unemploymentregional unemploymentseasonal unemploymentstructural unemploymenttemporary unemploymentunderemploymentunemployment durationyouth unemployment
RT job losslabour marketredundancyunemployed workerunemployment benefi t
unemployment benefi t FD Administration (11)FR indemnité de chômageUF unemployment insuranceBT social securityRT unemployment
unemployment duration FD Labour (6)FR durée du chômageBT unemploymentNT long term unemploymentRT unemployed worker
unemployment insurance USE unemployment benefi t
unemployment of women USE female unemployment
Unesco FD International organisations (16)FR UnescoSN United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and
Cultural Organisation BT United NationsRT education
unfi lled vacancy USE job vacancy
United Arab Emirates FD Countries and regions (14)FR Émirats arabes unisBT Gulf States
United Kingdom FD Countries and regions (14)FR Royaume-UniBT Western EuropeNT England
Northern IrelandScotlandWales
RT British West IndiesEU countriesGibraltarOECD countries
United Nations FD International organisations (16)FR Nations uniesBT international organisationNT ILO
Unesco
United States FD Countries and regions (14)FR États-UnisBT North AmericaRT OECD countries
university FD Education (2)FR universitéUF international universityBT educational institutionNT open universityRT higher education
university enterprise relationshipuniversity studies
university degree USE academic degree
university enterprise relationship FD Education (2)FR relation université entrepriseUF higher education school enterprise
relationshipBT educational policyRT enterprise
in company trainingschool enterprise relationshipsocial interactiontraining partnershiptraining placementuniversity
university entrance classifi cation USE certifi cate
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 182kg809644_inside_EN.indb 182 3/02/09 9:24:523/02/09 9:24:52
European Training ThesaurusEN – 183 Utrecht
university guidance USE educational guidance
university studies FD Education (2)FR études universitairesBT higher educationNT postgraduate study
undergraduate studyRT academic degree
higher education graduateuniversity
university teacher USE higher education teacher
unqualifi ed young people FD Labour (6)FR jeunes sans qualifi cationBT manpowerRT young worker
unskilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur non qualifi éUF labourerBT level of qualifi cation
updating training USE upskilling
upskilling FD Training (1)FR perfectionnement professionnelSN Short-term targeted training typically
provided following initial education or training, and aimed at supplementing, improving or updating knowledge, skills and/or competences acquired during previous training (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)
UF adaptation trainingadjustment trainingappreciation trainingextension trainingrefreshing trainingupdating training
BT type of training
Upper Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR Haute-AutricheBT Austria
upper class USE social class
Upper Normandy FD Countries and regions (14)FR Haute-NormandieBT France
upper secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaire (2e cycle)BT secondary educationRT post compulsory education
post secondary education
urban area FD Administration (11)FR zone urbaineBT regional planningRT urban planning
urban planning FD Administration (11)FR aménagement urbainUF city planning
town planningBT local planningNT housingRT architect
landscape gardenerurban area
urban population USE population distribution
urban transport USE transport
urban youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesse urbaineBT youth
Uruguay FD Countries and regions (14)FR UruguayBT South America
user friendliness USE computer
USSR USE former USSR
Utrecht FD Countries and regions (14)FR UtrechtBT Netherlands
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 183kg809644_inside_EN.indb 183 3/02/09 9:24:523/02/09 9:24:52
Uzbekistan 184 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
Uzbekistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR OuzbékistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR
validation of competences USE certifi cation of learning outcomes
validation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR validation des résultats d’apprentissageSN Confi rmation by a competent body that
learning outcomes (knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual in a formal, non-formal or informal setting have been assessed against predefi ned criteria and are compliant with the requirements of a validation standard. Validation typically leads to certifi cation. (Source: Cedefop, 2006.)
UF accreditation of prior learning
validation of non-formal learningBT certifi cation of learning outcomes
validation of non-formal learning USE validation of learning outcomes
Valle d’Aosta FD Countries and regions (14)FR Val d’AosteBT Italy
valuing learning FD Learning (3)FR valorisation de l’apprentissageSN The process of promoting participation in
and outcomes of learning, in order to raise awareness of its intrinsic worth and to reward learning.
UF learning outcomevalorisation of learning
valorisation of trainingBT learning
valorisation of learning USE valuing learning
valorisation of training USE valuing learning
Vatican FD Countries and regions (14)FR VaticanBT Southern Europe
Veneto FD Countries and regions (14)FR VénétieBT Italy
Venezuela FD Countries and regions (14)FR VenezuelaBT South America
veterinarian USE veterinary worker
veterinary medicine USE medicine
veterinary worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des sciences vétérinairesUF veterinarianBT occupationRT agriculture worker
health worker
video FD Learning (3)FR vidéoBT audiovisual aid
Vienna FD Countries and regions (14)FR VienneBT Austria
Vietnam FD Countries and regions (14)FR Viêt NamBT South East Asia
visual learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage visuelBT learning method
viticulture USE agriculture
vocational aspiration FD Enterprise (7)FR aspiration professionnelle
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 184kg809644_inside_EN.indb 184 3/02/09 9:24:533/02/09 9:24:53
European Training ThesaurusEN – 185 vocational qualifi cation
UF career aspirationoccupational aspiration
BT career development
vocational assessment FD Enterprise (7)FR évaluation professionnelleSN Measurement of a person’s ability to
function in an occupation or profession. BT personnel assessmentRT non-formal learning
recruitmentvocational qualifi cation
vocational change USE career change
vocational choice USE career choice
vocational counselling FD Training (1)FR conseil d’orientationSN Constitutes a part of vocational guidance
and consists in assistance to individuals in developing a career or vocational plan to be periodically reviewed and revised on the basis of new information goals and progress made.
BT vocational guidanceRT vocational counsellor
vocational counsellor FD Occupations (8)FR conseiller professionnelBT training personnelRT guidance offi cer
training informationvocational counselling
vocational education FD Education (2)FR enseignement professionnelUF technical educationBT education systemRT content of education
vocational schoolvocational training
vocational guidance FD Training (1)FR orientation professionnelleUF career guidance
careers education
occupational guidancevocational orientation
NT career choiceguidance servicevocational counsellingvocational information
RT career developmenteducational guidanceentry into working lifeguidance offi certraining informationtransition from school to work
vocational guidance council USE guidance service
vocational information FD Training (1)FR information professionnelleUF career information
occupational informationBT vocational guidanceRT information
vocational language skill USE foreign language skill
vocational orientation USE vocational guidance
vocational preparation FD Training (1)FR préparation professionnelleUF prevocational trainingBT initial training
vocational qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cation professionnelleSN This term should be used in a general
sense and not in the limited sense that one can attribute to it in the context of the United Kingdom.
UF occupational qualifi cationBT qualifi cationNT deskilling
work experiencejob requirementslevel of qualifi cationoccupational profi leprofessionalism
RT certifi catecompetencerecognition of qualifi cationsvocational assessment
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 185kg809644_inside_EN.indb 185 3/02/09 9:24:533/02/09 9:24:53
vocational rehabilitation 186 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
vocational rehabilitation FD Training (1)FR réadaptation professionnelleSN Use only for reintegration of disabled. UF employment rehabilitation
occupational rehabilitationBT training managementRT continuing training
disabled persondisabled worker
vocational rehabilitation centre FD Training (1)FR centre de réadaptationBT training centre
vocational requirements USE job requirements
vocational school FD Training (1)FR école professionnelleSN The functions and objectives of the
technical and the vocational schools tend to overlap; the terms are often used synonymously from one national education system to another. Use this descriptor with an economic activity found in Field 9.
UF technical schoolBT training centreRT school
vocational education
vocational teacher FD Occupations (8)FR professeur d’école professionnelleBT training personnelRT teacher
vocational training FD Training (1)FR formation professionnelleSN Activities which essentially aim at
providing the skills, knowledge and attitude required for employment in a particular occupation or group of related occupations in any fi eld of economic activity. Use only for reference books.
NT training researchRT apprenticeship contract
training methodtype of trainingvocational education
vocational training planning USE planning of training
Vojvodina FD Countries and regions (14)FR VoïvodineBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia
voluntary agency USE voluntary organisation
voluntary organisation FD Administration (11)FR association bénévoleUF voluntary agencyBT associationRT voluntary service
voluntary service FD Economic activities (9)FR bénévolatBT servicesRT voluntary organisation
Vorarlberg FD Countries and regions (14)FR VorarlbergBT Austria
vulnerable group USE disadvantaged group
wage FD Enterprise (7)FR salaireUF basic wage
effi ciency wagepersonal incomeremunerationsalarywage differential
BT working conditionsNT equal payRT incomes policy
wage differential USE wage
wage earner USE employee
waiter USE hotel personnel
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 186kg809644_inside_EN.indb 186 3/02/09 9:24:533/02/09 9:24:53
European Training ThesaurusEN – 187 woman
Wales FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays de GallesBT United Kingdom
Walloon region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région WallonneBT Belgium
wealth FD Society (12)FR richesseBT living conditions
weaver USE textile worker
webmaster USE computing personnel
website FD Document type (17)FR site webRT Internet
welder FD Occupations (8)FR soudeurBT metalworker
welfare personnel USE social services worker
West Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique de l’OuestBT AfricaNT Benin
Burkina FasoCape VerdeGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea BissauIvory CoastLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneTogoWestern Sahara
West Midlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midlands de l’OuestBT England
Western Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe de l’OuestBT EuropeNT Austria
BelgiumChannel islandFranceGermanyIrelandIsle of ManLiechtensteinLuxembourgNetherlandsSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
Western Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grèce occidentaleBT Greece
Western Sahara FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sahara occidentalBT West Africa
white paper FD Document type (17)FR livre blancSN White Papers are documents containing
proposals for National or Community action and policy in a specifi c area.
wholesale trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce de grosBT commercial distribution
woman FD Population (13)FR femmeUF femaleBT sex distributionRT female employment
female statusfemale unemploymentwomen’s rights
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 187kg809644_inside_EN.indb 187 3/02/09 9:24:533/02/09 9:24:53
woman worker 188 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
woman worker USE female employment
women’s rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de la femmeBT human rightsRT female status
woman
women’s status USE female status
women’s work USE female employment
wood worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du boisUF cabinet maker
carpenterjoinerparqueting worker
BT manufacturing workerRT woodworking industry
woodworking industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du boisBT industryNT furniture industry
paper industryRT forestry
wood worker
work at home FD Enterprise (7)FR travail à domicileSN Remunerated work performed at home. UF homeworkingBT work organisationRT place of work
teleworking
work attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude envers le travailBT company managementNT absenteeism
employees’ attitudefl exibilitymanagement attitudetrainees’ attitudetrainers’ attitude
RT creativitymotivationworker
work based training FD Training (1)FR formation basée sur le travailSN Learning taking place through carrying
out and refl ecting on work tasks in a real environment (although it can take place in some respects in a simulated one).
BT in company training
work environment FD Enterprise (7)FR milieu de travailUF occupational environmentBT working lifeNT place of workRT ergonomics
labourlabour relations
work experience FD Labour (6)FR expérience professionnelleSN Experience gained by an individual in a
working environment. UF career profi le
employment experiencejob experience
BT vocational qualifi cationRT employment
practical trainingalternating training
work organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation du travailNT job content
job descriptionjob sharingteam workteleworkingwork at homework studyworking time arrangement
RT automationorganisational change
work performance FD Enterprise (7)FR rendement du travailUF job performanceBT personnel assessment
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 188kg809644_inside_EN.indb 188 3/02/09 9:24:543/02/09 9:24:54
European Training ThesaurusEN – 189 working document
work permit FD Labour (6)FR permis de travailBT employment policyRT migrant
work place nursery USE child care facilities
work programme FD Document type (17)FR programme de travailUF action plan
work study FD Enterprise (7)FR analyse du travailSN Detailed examination of the manner in
which a particular job is performed, with a view to rationalising performance and thus increasing productivity.
UF time studyBT work organisation
worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleurBT occupational statusNT disabled worker
manual workermigrant workerolder workerprofessional workertemporary workerunderqualifi ed workerunemployed workeryoung worker
RT employeelabourlabour contractlevel of qualifi cationmanpowerself employed workerwork attitudeworking student
worker adaptation USE fl exibility
workers’ education USE continuing education
workers’ induction USE recruitment
workers’ participation FD Enterprise (7)FR participation des travailleursUF employees’ participation
industrial democracyBT labour relationsNT workers’ representationRT trade union
workers’ representation FD Enterprise (7)FR représentation des travailleursSN Use in connection with the function of
representing the interests of, or speaking for, the workers of a given enterprise.
BT workers’ participationNT works council
workforce USE manpower
working age population FD Population (13)FR population en âge de travaillerBT population distribution
working class FD Society (12)FR classe ouvrièreUF lower classBT social class
working conditions FD Enterprise (7)FR conditions de travailSN The physical, social and managerial
factors affecting a worker’s job environment.
NT leisureoccupational diseaseoccupational safetypension schemetraining leavewageworking life
RT conditions of employmentergonomicshumanisation of work
working document USE working paper
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 189kg809644_inside_EN.indb 189 3/02/09 9:24:543/02/09 9:24:54
working life 190 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations
working life FD Enterprise (7)FR vie activeBT working conditionsNT quality of working life
work environmentRT entry into working life
labour
working paper FD Document type (17)FR document de travailUF discussion paper
working document
working student FD Education (2)FR étudiant travailleurBT studentRT social promotion
worker
working time USE hours of work
working time arrangement FD Enterprise (7)FR aménagement du temps de travailBT work organisationNT hours of work
reduction of working hours
works council FD Enterprise (7)FR comité d’entrepriseUF personnel committeeBT workers’ representation
workshop practice USE practical training
World Bank FD International organisations (16)FR Banque mondialeUF International Bank for Reconstruction and
DevelopmentBT international organisationRT development aid
world wide web USE Internet
writing USE literacy
yearbook FD Document type (17)FR annuaire
Yemen FD Countries and regions (14)FR YémenBT Middle East
Yorkshire and Humberside FD Countries and regions (14)FR Yorkshire et HumbersideBT England
young man USE young person
young person FD Population (13)FR jeuneUF young man
young womanBT age groupRT young worker
youth
young woman USE young person
young worker FD Labour (6)FR jeune travailleurBT workerRT unqualifi ed young people
young personyouth
youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesseBT sociocultural groupNT rural youth
urban youthRT adolescent
juvenile delinquencystudent populationyoung personyoung workeryouth employmentyouth policyyouth trainingyouth unemployment
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 190kg809644_inside_EN.indb 190 3/02/09 9:24:543/02/09 9:24:54
European Training ThesaurusEN – 191 zoology
youth aid FD Administration (11)FR aide aux jeunesBT youth policy
youth employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des jeunesBT employmentRT youth
youth organisation FD Administration (11)FR organisation de jeunesseBT associationNT student organisation
youth policy FD Administration (11)FR politique de la jeunesseBT government policyNT youth aid
youth protectionRT youth
Youth programme FD European Union (15)FR programme JeunesseSN Youth programme (2000-…) offers young
people opportunities for mobility and active participation in the construction of the Europe and contributes to the development of youth policy, based on non-formal education. It aims to promote exchanges and discussion meetings between young people, voluntary work, participation and active citizenship.
BT Community programme
youth protection FD Administration (11)FR protection des jeunesBT youth policyRT youth worker
youth training FD Training (1)FR formation des jeunesBT target groupRT youth
youth unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des jeunesUF unemployed youthBT unemploymentRT youth
youth worker FD Occupations (8)FR éducateur socialBT social services workerRT youth protection
Zambia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZambieBT Southern Africa
Zeeland FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZélandeBT Netherlands
Zimbabwe FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZimbabweBT Southern Africa
zoology USE biology
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 191kg809644_inside_EN.indb 191 3/02/09 9:24:553/02/09 9:24:55
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 192kg809644_inside_EN.indb 192 3/02/09 9:24:553/02/09 9:24:55
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context)
A level
ability
study abroad
training abroad
Abruzzi
absenteeism
academic degree
accelerated course
accelerated training
access to education
access to employment
access to information
access to labour market
access to training
accident prevention
occupational accident
account
individual learning account
accountant
accreditation of prior learning
accreditation of education and training providers
accreditation of training
accreditation of training institutions
accreditation of training organisations
acculturation
achievement
act
action plan
action research
economically active population
Community activity
actor
Adapt
adaptability
adaptation training
worker adaptation
addiction
drug addiction
narcotic addiction
Trentino Alto Adige
adjustment training
social adjustment
administration
business administration
business administration training
educational administration
labour administration
local administration
public administration
training administration
administration management
administration worker
administrative and fi nancial personnel
administrative law
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 193kg809644_inside_EN.indb 193 3/02/09 9:24:553/02/09 9:24:55
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 194 – EN
administrative sciences
administrative sector
administrative structure
European Administrative School
educational admission
admission requirement
admission to training
adolescent
adult
adult education
adult illiteracy
adult innumeracy
adult learning
adult training
adult vocational training
advanced technology
advancement
advertiser
advertising
Northern Aegean
Southern Aegean
aerospace industry
Afghanistan
Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
North Africa
South Africa
Southern Africa
West Africa
Central African Republic
fi ght against unemployment
age distribution
age group
information age
age distribution
age group
working age population
ageing worker
agencies and other bodies
European Agency for Safety Health at Work
travel agency
travel agency employee
voluntary agency
collective agreement
EC agreement
international agreement
tariff agreement
training agreement
agricultural policy
agricultural worker
agriculture
agriculture worker
audiovisual aid
capital aid
development aid
economic aid
educational aid
fi nancial aid
learning aid
state aid
teaching aid
training aid
youth aid
computer aided design
computer aided manufacturing
educational aim
air traffi c controller
air transport
air transport personnel
aircraft industry
aircraft pilot
Albania
alcoholism
Alentejo
Algarve
Algeria
family allowance
student allowance
training allowance
Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur
Rhône Alpes
Alsace
alternance training
alternating training
Trentino Alto Adige
ambulance personnel
America
Central America
Latin America
North America
South America
Amsterdam Treaty
comparative analysis
cost analysis
cost benefi t analysis
job analysis
labour market analysis
qualitative analysis
skill analysis
statistical analysis
task analysis
training needs analysis
systems analyst
Andalusia
Andorra
East Anglia
Angola
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 194kg809644_inside_EN.indb 194 3/02/09 9:24:553/02/09 9:24:55
European Training ThesaurusEN – 195
Saxony Anhalt
annual report
Greater Antilles
Lesser Antilles
Netherlands Antilles
job applicant
computer application
job application
applied learning
applied sciences
attainment appraisal
performance appraisal
staff appraisal
appreciation training
apprentice
apprenticeship
apprenticeship contract
aptitude
aptitude test
Apulia
Aquitaine
United Arab Emirates
Saudi Arabia
Aragon
archaeology
architect
architecture
archives
archivist
Champagne Ardenne
developing area
development area
disadvantaged area
European Economic Area
rural area
urban area
Argentina
armament industry
Armenia
army
working time arrangement
journal article
artifi cial intelligence
artisan
artist
performing artist
arts
fi ne arts
folk arts
graphic arts
Asia
Central Asia
South Asia
South East Asia
legal aspect
career aspiration
occupational aspiration
vocational aspiration
assessment
competence assessment
educational assessment
personnel assessment
staff assessment
trainee assessment
training assessment
vocational assessment
assessment of competences
assessment of learning outcomes
social assimilation
social assistance
technical assistance
training assistance
computer assisted design
computer assisted instruction
computer assisted learning
association
employees’ association
European Free Trade Association
professional association
quality assurance
astronomer
Asturias
atlas
attainment testing
course attendance
fl ight attendant
Attica
attitude
employees’ attitude
employers’ attitude
management attitude
parental attitude
students’ attitude
trainees’ attitude
trainers’ attitude
work attitude
attitude toward school
atypical worker
audiovisual aid
audiovisual industry
audiovisual instruction
audiovisual method
training audit
auditor
EC Court of Auditors
European Court of Auditors
Australia
Austria
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 195kg809644_inside_EN.indb 195 3/02/09 9:24:553/02/09 9:24:55
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 196 – EN
Lower Austria
Upper Austria
authoring system
local authority
Palestine authority
regional and local authority
regional authority
automated translation
automation
offi ce automation
automobile industry
Autonomous Territories of Palestine
Auvergne
medical auxiliary
awarding body
Azerbaijan
Azores
European baccalaureate
cultural background
educational background
social background
bacteriologist
Baden Württemberg
Bahamas
Bahrain
baker
Balearic island
Baltic States
Bangladesh
European Central Bank
European Investment Bank
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
World Bank
banking
banking personnel
barber
collective bargaining
language barrier
computer based learning
knowledge based system
work based training
basic education
basic skill
basic training
basic wage
Basilicata
Basque country
Bavaria
training bay
beautician
behaviour
social behaviour
Belarus
Belgium
child benefi t
cost benefi t analysis
training benefi t
unemployment benefi t
social benefi ts
Benin
Berlin
best practice
beverage industry
beverage worker
Bhutan
bibliography
bilingualism
bioengineering
biologist
biology
biotechnology
falling birthrate
rising birthrate
Guinea Bissau
black economy
blind person
blue collar worker
management board
boatman
agencies and other bodies
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
awarding body
public body
responsible body
semi state body
state body
Bolivia
book industry
book keeping
booklet
Bosnia Herzegovina
botanist
botany
Botswana
North Brabant
Brandenburg
Brazil
career break
mid career break
Bremen
mason bricklayer
British West Indies
Brittany
brochure
Brunei
Brussels Capital Region
budget
Community budget
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 196kg809644_inside_EN.indb 196 3/02/09 9:24:563/02/09 9:24:56
European Training ThesaurusEN – 197
education budget
national budget
training budget
building industry
educational building
Bulgaria
Burgenland
Burgundy
Burkina Faso
Burundi
bus worker
small business
business administration
business administration training
business communication
business creation
business economics
business education
business engineer
business ethics
business failure
business games
business language course
business management
business restructuring
business service
business studies
business worker
butcher
buyer
learning by doing
learning by using
cabinet maker
CAD
Calabria
Nord-Pas-de Calais
CAM
Cambodia
Cameroon
Campania
Canada
Canary island
canning industry
Cantabria
capability
Cape Verde
Brussels Capital Region
capital
capital aid
capital resource
human capital
car industry
child care facilities
day care
medical care
career
mid career break
career aspiration
career break
career change
career choice
career development
career guidance
career information
career management
career opportunity
career planning
career profi le
career prospects
career record
careers education
careers service
caretaker
Caribbean island
Carinthia
carpenter
case law
case study
Castille La Mancha
Castille and Leon
casual worker
catalogue
library catalogue
online catalogue
Catalonia
socio occupational category
catering industry
catering personnel
CdT
Cedefop
cement industry
census
European Central Bank
Central Africa
Central African Republic
Central America
Central Asia
central government
Central Greece
Central Portugal
centralisation
Centre
documentation centre
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
guidance centre
information centre
job centre
research centre
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 197kg809644_inside_EN.indb 197 3/02/09 9:24:563/02/09 9:24:56
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 198 – EN
resource centre
training centre
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
vocational rehabilitation centre
ceramics industry
ceramics worker
certifi cate
college entrance certifi cate
school leaving certifi cate
trade certifi cate
certifi cate of competence
equivalence of certifi cates
recognition of certifi cates
certifi cation of competences
certifi cation of learning outcomes
comparability of certifi cations
Ceuta
Chad
chamber of commerce
chamber of industry and commerce
Champagne Ardenne
second chance education
second chance schools
career change
management of change
occupational change
organisational change
social change
technological change
vocational change
Channel island
Poitou Charentes
chat
chemical industry
chemist
chemistry
child
gifted child
migrant’s child
rights of the child
child benefi t
child care facilities
child minding service
Chile
China
career choice
occupational choice
vocational choice
choice of studies
choice of training
church
cinema
circular
citizenship
city government
city planning
civil engineering
civil liberty
civil rights
civil servant
civil service
clandestine employment
clandestine work
evening class
lower class
middle class
social class
upper class
working class
job classifi cation
occupational classifi cation
university entrance classifi cation
cleaner
clerical personnel
clerical training
clerical work
clerical worker
offi ce clerk
client group
company closure
clothing industry
coal miner
labour code
cognition
cognitive process
blue collar worker
collective agreement
collective bargaining
teacher training college
college degree
college entrance certifi cate
college of education
college of further education
college of technology
Colombia
commentary
commerce
chamber of commerce
chamber of industry and commerce
electronic commerce
commercial distribution
commercial personnel
EC Commission
European Commission
European Economic and Social Committee
personnel committee
Committee of the Regions
communication
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 198kg809644_inside_EN.indb 198 3/02/09 9:24:563/02/09 9:24:56
European Training ThesaurusEN – 199
business communication
interpersonal communication
satellite communication
communication medium
communication skill
communications industry
communications satellite
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
enlargement of the Community
Flemish Community
French Community
German speaking Community
local community
Community activity
Community budget
Community decision
community development
Community directive
Community external relations
Community fi nance
Community funds
Community institutions
Community law
Community legislation
Community of Madrid
Community of Valencia
Community opinion
community participation
Community policy
Community programme
Community recommendation
Community regulation
Community resolution
company
company closure
extra company training institution
in company training
learning company
mixed investment company
company fi nancing
company management
comparability of certifi cations
comparability of qualifi cations
comparative analysis
comparative education
comparative research
comparative study
comparison of qualifi cations
competence
certifi cate of competence
managerial competence
social competence
competence assessment
assessment of competences
certifi cation of competences
identifi cation of competences
key competences
recognition of competences
transversal competences
validation of competences
competition
economic competition
competitive employment
competitive enterprise
competitiveness
competitivity
compilation
completion of training
post compulsory education
compulsory education
compulsory subject
computer
didactic use of computer
personal computer
computer aided design
computer aided manufacturing
computer application
computer assisted design
computer assisted instruction
computer assisted learning
computer based learning
computer engineering
computer graphics
computer industry
computer literacy
computer network
computer operator
computer personnel
computer programmer
computer science
computer scientist
computer training
computing personnel
Franche Comté
self concept
training concept
economic condition
employment condition
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
living conditions
socio economic conditions
working conditions
conditions of employment
confectioner
training conference
conference paper
conference report
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 199kg809644_inside_EN.indb 199 3/02/09 9:24:563/02/09 9:24:56
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 200 – EN
Congo
Congo Democratic Republic
Connacht
social consequence
environmental conservation
nature conservation
constitution
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
European construction
construction industry
construction worker
consultant
management consultant
training consultant
consumer education
job content
content of education
continued training
continuing education
continuing training
continuing vocational training
continuous professional development
apprenticeship contract
labour contract
training employment contract
contract of employment
training contracting
fi nancial control
quality control
control instruments mechanic
air traffi c controller
training convention
cook
crossborder cooperation
international cooperation
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
regional cooperation
cooperative
training coordination
training policy coordination
core skill
corporate income
transnational corporation
correspondence course
correspondence of qualifi cations
Corsica
Ivory Cost
training cost
cost analysis
cost benefi t analysis
cost effectiveness
cost of education
cost of living
cost of training
Costa Rica
Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur
Council of Europe
Council of the European Union
EC Council
vocational guidance council
works council
educational counselling
management counselling
vocational counselling
vocational counsellor
developed countries
developing countries
EC countries
EU countries
Mediterranean countries
OECD countries
Basque country
host country
immigration country
country of origin
accelerated course
business language course
correspondence course
foreign language course
full time course
part time course
sandwich course
short course
training course
course attendance
course design
course subject
courseware
court
Court of Justice
EC Court of Auditors
EC Court of Justice
European Court of Auditors
craft
craft training
craftsman
business creation
employment creation
enterprise creation
job creation
creative thinking
creativity
educational credit
learning credit
training credit
credit system
credit unit
Crete
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 200kg809644_inside_EN.indb 200 3/02/09 9:24:563/02/09 9:24:56
European Training ThesaurusEN – 201
crime
economic crisis
evaluation criteria
selection criteria
Croatia
crossborder cooperation
Cuba
cultural background
cultural identity
cultural integration
cultural policy
cultural rights
cultural sector employee
cultural service
culture
enterprise culture
curriculum
curriculum design
curriculum development
curriculum reform
curriculum research
curriculum subject
curriculum vitae
cutter
stonemason and cutter
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Leonardo da Vinci
dairy industry
dance
dancer
Valle d’Aosta
data management
data processing
data processing industry
data typist
databanks
database
day care
day release
Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur
deaf person
decentralisation
Community decision
EC decision
population decline
painter and decorator
decree
educational defi cit
academic degree
college degree
university degree
delinquency
juvenile delinquency
labour demand
training demand
demand for education
industrial democracy
Congo Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic
demography
Denmark
dentist
government department
French Overseas Departments
job description
training description
computer aided design
computer assisted design
course design
curriculum design
job design
systems designer
deskilling
developed countries
developing area
developing countries
career development
community development
continuous professional development
curriculum development
economic development
educational development
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
human resources development
individual development
industrial development
intellectual development
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
mental development
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
organisational development
personal development
regional development
research and development
rural development
skill development
staff development
sustainable development
training development
development aid
development area
development of education
deviance
social dialogue
dictionary
didactic use of computer
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 201kg809644_inside_EN.indb 201 3/02/09 9:24:573/02/09 9:24:57
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 202 – EN
didactics
dietician
wage differential
learning diffi culty
European dimension
diploma
recognition of diplomas
self directed learning
Community directive
EC Directive
training director
directory
learning disability
mentally disabled person
physically disabled person
socially disabled person
disabled person
disabled worker
educational disadvantage
disadvantaged area
disadvantaged group
disclosure of information
discrimination
positive discrimination
racial discrimination
sex discrimination
social discrimination
discussion group
discussion list
discussion paper
occupational disease
disguised unemployment
job dislocation
dismissal
displacement
information dissemination
dissertation
distance education
distance learning
distance study
distance training
age distribution
commercial distribution
population distribution
sex distribution
distributive trade
Djibouti
docker
medical doctor
legal document
working document
documentalist
documentary dossier
documentary network
documentation
documentation centre
learning by doing
domestic worker
documentary dossier
downgrading
draft
drawing
Drenthe
dressmaking
driver
educational dropout
school dropout
training dropout
drug addiction
dual jobholding
dual labour market
dual qualifi cation
dual system
dumb person
study duration
training duration
unemployment duration
duration of studies
duration of training
early retirement
early school leaver
wage earner
Far East
Middle East
South East Asia
South East England
East Africa
East Anglia
East Midlands
East Timor
Eastern Europe
EC agreement
ECB
EC Commission
EC Council
EC countries
EC Court of Auditors
EC Court of Justice
EC decision
EC directive
EC institution
EC integration
EC internal market
EC law
EC policy
EC programme
EC recommendation
EC regulation
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 202kg809644_inside_EN.indb 202 3/02/09 9:24:573/02/09 9:24:57
European Training ThesaurusEN – 203
ecology
European Economic and Social Committee
European Economic Area
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
socio economic conditions
economic aid
economic competition
economic condition
economic crisis
economic development
economic growth
economic legislation
economic planning
economic policy
economic recession
economic resource
economic sector
economic situation
economic statistics
economic system
economically active population
economics
business economics
economics of education
economics of training
economist
economy
black economy
international economy
local economy
mixed economy
shadow economy
social economy
underground economy
Ecuador
education
access to education
accreditation of education and training providers
adult education
basic education
business education
careers education
college of education
college of further education
comparative education
compulsory education
consumer education
content of education
continuing education
cost of education
demand for education
development of education
distance education
economics of education
elementary education
entrepreneurial education
environmental education
experimental education
fi nancing of education
formal education
fundamental education
general education
health education
higher education
higher education graduate
higher education institute
higher education school enterprise relationship
higher education teacher
higher non-university education
level of education
lower secondary education
management education
migrant education
ministry of education
non-formal education
non-university higher education
out of school education
part time education
polytechnic education
post compulsory education
post secondary education
pre primary education
pre school education
primary education
private education
psychology of education
public education
quality of education
recurrent education
right to education
safety education
sciences of education
second chance education
secondary education
sectoral education
special education
special needs education
state education
statutory education
target groups of education
teacher education
technical education
theory of education
upper secondary education
vocational education
workers’ education
education budget
education fees
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 203kg809644_inside_EN.indb 203 3/02/09 9:24:573/02/09 9:24:57
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 204 – EN
education participation rate
education system
education worker
educational administration
educational admission
educational aid
educational aim
educational assessment
educational background
educational building
educational counselling
educational credit
educational defi cit
educational development
educational disadvantage
educational dropout
educational establishment
educational expenditure
educational facility
educational game
educational grant
educational guidance
educational innovation
educational institution
educational leave
educational legislation
educational level
educational loan
educational management
educational material
educational measurement
educational needs
educational objective
educational opportunity
educational orientation
educational philosophy
educational planning
educational policy
educational psychology
educational quality
educational reform
educational research
educational resource
educational sociology
educational software
educational statistics
educational supply
educational system
educational technology
educational television
educational testing
educational theory
educational tour
educational wastage
educationalist
social effect
effectiveness
cost effectiveness
training effectiveness
effi ciency
effi ciency wage
eforum
EFTA
Egypt
EIB
ejournal
El Salvador
elderly
eLearning
eLearning material
election
electrical engineering
electrical fi tter
electrical industry
electrician
electricity industry
electromechanical industry
electronic commerce
electronics
electronics industry
electrotyper
elementary education
elementary school
elite
embroiderer
emigrant
emigration
Emilia Romagna
United Arab Emirates
empirical research
employability
employed persons
self employed worker
employee
cultural sector employee
travel agency employee
employee profi le
employees’ association
employees’ attitude
employees’ participation
employer
employers’ attitude
employers’ organisation
employers’ participation
employers’ role
employment
access to employment
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 204kg809644_inside_EN.indb 204 3/02/09 9:24:573/02/09 9:24:57
European Training ThesaurusEN – 205
clandestine employment
competitive employment
conditions of employment
contract of employment
female employment
full employment
full time employment
graduate employment
initial employment
migrant employment
multiple employment
open employment
part time employment
precarious employment
private employment service
public employment service
regional employment
self employment
sheltered employment
short term employment
temporary employment
termination of employment
training employment contract
training employment relationship
youth employment
employment condition
employment creation
employment experience
employment interview
employment law
employment monitoring system
employment opportunity
employment pattern
employment planning
employment policy
Employment programme
employment promotion
employment protection
employment rehabilitation
employment security
employment service
employment shortage
employment situation
employment statistics
employment status
employment structure
employment survey
employment training relationship
encyclopedia
energy industry
engineer
business engineer
engineering
civil engineering
computer engineering
electrical engineering
mechanical engineering
engineering worker
England
North West England
Northern England
South East England
South West England
job enlargement
job enrichment
enlargement of the Community
enrolment
enterprise
competitive enterprise
higher education school enterprise relationship
international enterprise
large enterprise
learning enterprise
medium enterprise
multinational enterprise
public enterprise
school enterprise relationship
small enterprise
small medium enterprise
type of enterprise
university enterprise relationship
enterprise creation
enterprise culture
entertainment
college entrance certifi cate
university entrance classifi cation
entrance examination
entrepreneur
entrepreneurial education
entrepreneurial training
entrepreneurship
entry into working life
environment
family environment
learning environment
multicultural environment
natural environment
occupational environment
physical environment
social environment
work environment
environment personnel
environment worker
environmental conservation
environmental education
environmental policy
environmental protection
environmental training
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 205kg809644_inside_EN.indb 205 3/02/09 9:24:583/02/09 9:24:58
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 206 – EN
EP
Epirus
EPSO
equal opportunities
Equal
equal pay
equality of treatment
racial equality
Equatorial Guinea
training equipment
equivalence of certifi cates
Erasmus
ergonomics
Eritrea
EESC
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
educational establishment
training establishment
self esteem
Estonia
eTeaching
ETF
ethics
business ethics
Ethiopia
ethnic group
EU countries
EU policy
EU programme
EUROFOUND
Europass
Europe
Council of Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
Western Europe
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
Council of the European Union
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
European Administrative School
European Agency for Safety Health at Work
European baccalaureate
European Central Bank
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
European Commission
European construction
European Court of Auditors
European dimension
European Economic and Social Committee
European Economic Area
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
European Free Trade Association
European integration
European Investment Bank
European law
European Ombudsman
European Parliament
European Personnel Selection Offi ce
European Training Foundation
European Treaty
European Union
European year
Eurostat
Eurydice
evaluation
self evaluation
training evaluation
evaluation criteria
evaluation method
evaluation of teaching
evaluation tool
evening class
evening institute
evening school
skill evolution
ex offender
examination
entrance examination
practical examination
examination system
examiner
international exchange
labour exchange offi cer
student exchange
teacher exchange
exclusion
social exclusion
expatriate worker
expenditure
educational expenditure
public expenditure
training expenditure
employment experience
job experience
work experience
experiential learning
training experiment
experimental education
experimental research
experimental teaching
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 206kg809644_inside_EN.indb 206 3/02/09 9:24:583/02/09 9:24:58
European Training ThesaurusEN – 207
experimentation
expert system
export
export of training
oral expression
extension training
Community external relations
extra company training institution
Extremadura
child care facilities
educational facility
factory
Faroes
failure
business failure
falling birthrate
family
family allowance
family environment
Far East
farmer
Burkina Faso
Federal Republic of Germany
training fee
education fees
female
female employment
female labour
female status
female unemployment
female worker
fertiliser industry
occupational fi eld
research fi eld
fi ght against unemployment
fi lm industry
Community fi nance
local fi nance
private fi nance
public fi nance
administrative and fi nancial personnel
fi nancial aid
fi nancial control
fi nancial management
fi nancial policy
fi nancial resource
fi nancial service
fi nancial support
fi nancing
company fi nancing
fi nancing of education
fi nancing of training
fi ne arts
Finland
in fi rm training
fi shing industry
electrical fi tter
mechanical fi tter
precision instrument fi tter
telecommunications fi tter
Flemish community
Flemish region
Flevoland
fl exibility
labour market fl exibility
training fl exibility
fl exible hours of work
fl exible learning
fl exible manufacturing system
fl exible work
fl exible working time
fl exicurity
fl ight attendant
fl oor and wall tiler
folk arts
food industry
food worker
footwear industry
hidden labour force
labour force
forecasting
foreign language course
foreign language learning
foreign language skill
foreign policy
foreign student
foreign worker
foreman
forester
forestry
forestry worker
formal education
non formal education
formal learning
non formal learning
validation of non formal learning
non formal training
former GDR
former USSR
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslavia
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
European Training Foundation
institutional framework
France
Ile-de France
Franche Comté
European Free Trade Association
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 207kg809644_inside_EN.indb 207 3/02/09 9:24:583/02/09 9:24:58
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 208 – EN
free lance worker
free movement
freedom of movement
freight handler
French community
French Overseas Departments
French Overseas Territories
French West Indies
frictional unemployment
user friendliness
Friesland
Friuli Venezia Giulia
transition from school to work
frontier worker
full employment
full time course
full time employment
full time work
training function
functional illiteracy
fundamental education
fundamental research
Community funds
social fund
training funds
fur industry
furniture industry
college of further education
further training
futurology
FYROM
Gabon
Galicia
Gambia
educational game
business games
gardener
landscape gardener
gas industry
former GDR
Gelderland
general education
generic skill
geographer
geographical mobility
geography
geology
Georgia
German Democratic Republic
German speaking community
Germany
Federal Republic of Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
gifted child
gifted person
gifted student
Friuli Venezia Giulia
glass industry
glass worker
glazier
globalisation
industrial globalisation
glossary
goldsmith
leather goods maker
government
central government
city government
municipal government
government department
government policy
graduate
higher education graduate
graduate employment
graduate trainee
graduate unemployment
grant
educational grant
graphic arts
computer graphics
Greater Antilles
Greece
Central Greece
Western Greece
green paper
Greenland
Groningen
age group
client group
disadvantaged group
discussion group
ethnic group
interest group
linguistic group
lobby group
minority group
pressure group
sociocultural group
target group
vulnerable group
group instruction
group learning
group management
group training
group work
target groups of education
economic growth
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 208kg809644_inside_EN.indb 208 3/02/09 9:24:583/02/09 9:24:58
European Training ThesaurusEN – 209
population growth
Grundtvig
Guatemala
career guidance
educational guidance
occupational guidance
school guidance
university guidance
vocational guidance
vocational guidance council
guidance centre
guidance offi cer
guidance service
guidance teacher
guide
tour guide
travel guide
Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Gulf States
hairdresser
Haiti
Hamburg
handbook
social handicap
mentally handicapped
physically handicapped
handicapped person
handicapped worker
handicraft
freight handler
hardware
head hunting
headteacher
health
European Agency for Safety Health at Work
mental health
physical health
public health
health and social studies
health education
health service
health worker
Bosnia Herzegovina
Hessen
hidden labour force
non-university higher education
higher education
higher education graduate
higher education institute
higher education school enterprise relationship
higher education teacher
higher non-university education
highly qualifi ed worker
highly skilled worker
historian
historical research
history
history of training
holidays
North Holland
South Holland
Schleswig Holstein
work at home
homeworking
Honduras
Hong Kong
horticulture
host country
hotel industry
hotel manager
hotel personnel
hotel worker
fl exible hours of work
reduction of working hours
hours of work
housewife
housing
know how
human capital
human resource
human resources development
human resources management
human rights
humanisation of work
humanities
humanities worker
Yorkshire and Humberside
Hungary
head hunting
hypermedia
Iceland
ICT
identifi cation of competences
identifi cation of learning outcomes
cultural identity
social identity
political ideology
Ile-de-France
illegal work
illiteracy
adult illiteracy
functional illiteracy
ILO
self image
immigrant
immigration
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 209kg809644_inside_EN.indb 209 3/02/09 9:24:583/02/09 9:24:58
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 210 – EN
immigration country
social implication
import
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
in company training
in fi rm training
in plant training
in service training
social inclusion
corporate income
personal income
incomes policy
independent learning
independent school
independent work
independent worker
India
training indicator
British West Indies
French West Indies
individual development
individual learning account
individual training
individualism
mobility of individuals
Indonesia
induction training
workers’ induction
industrial democracy
industrial development
industrial globalisation
industrial policy
industrial psychology
industrial relations
industrial robot
industrial sociology
industry
aerospace industry
aircraft industry
armament industry
audiovisual industry
automobile industry
beverage industry
book industry
building industry
canning industry
car industry
catering industry
cement industry
ceramics industry
chamber of industry and commerce
chemical industry
clothing industry
communications industry
computer industry
construction industry
dairy industry
data processing industry
electrical industry
electricity industry
electromechanical industry
electronics industry
energy industry
fertiliser industry
fi lm industry
fi shing industry
food industry
footwear industry
fur industry
furniture industry
gas industry
glass industry
hotel industry
instrumentation industry
iron industry
leather industry
machine tool industry
machinery industry
manufacturing industry
meat industry
metalworking industry
milling industry
nuclear industry
optical industry
paper industry
petrochemical industry
petroleum industry
pharmaceutical industry
plastics industry
power industry
printing industry
pulp and paper industry
recycling industry
rubber industry
school industry links
school industry partnership
services industry
steel industry
sugar industry
tanning industry
telecommunications industry
textile industry
tobacco industry
toy industry
woodworking industry
social inequality
informal learning
informal sector
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 210kg809644_inside_EN.indb 210 3/02/09 9:24:593/02/09 9:24:59
European Training ThesaurusEN – 211
informatics
information
access to information
career information
disclosure of information
occupational information
right to information
training information
vocational information
information age
information centre
information dissemination
information needs
information network
information personnel
information processing
information retrieval
information revolution
information science
information service
information society
information storage
information superhighway
information system
information technology
information user
information worker
initial employment
initial training
local initiative
local training initiative
training initiative
inland water transport
innovation
educational innovation
training innovation
adult innumeracy
inspector
evening institute
higher education institute
research institute
EC institution
educational institution
extra company training institution
training institution
institutional framework
accreditation of training institutions
Community institutions
audiovisual instruction
computer assisted instruction
group instruction
programmed instruction
self instruction
instructor
precision instrument fi tter
instrumentation industry
control instruments mechanic
insulator
insurance
national insurance
social insurance
unemployment insurance
insurance personnel
cultural integration
EC integration
European integration
migrant integration
social integration
integration to work
intellectual development
intelligence
artifi cial intelligence
intensive training
social interaction
interactive learning
interactive skill
interactive video
intercompany training
interest group
interface
interim report
EC internal market
internal migration
international agreement
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
international cooperation
international economy
international enterprise
international exchange
International Labour Organisation
international migration
international organisation
international policy
international relations
international trade
international university
internationalisation
Internet
interpersonal communication
interpersonal relations
intercompany training
interpretation
interpreter
interview
employment interview
job interview
entry into working life
investment
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 211kg809644_inside_EN.indb 211 3/02/09 9:24:593/02/09 9:24:59
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 212 – EN
European Investment Bank
mixed investment company
training investment
Ionian island
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland
iron industry
Balearic island
Canary island
Caribbean island
Channel island
Ionian island
Isle of Man
Israel
journal issue
special issue
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
jeweller
off the job training
on the job training
semi skilled job
job analysis
job applicant
job application
job centre
job classifi cation
job content
job creation
job description
job design
job dislocation
job enlargement
job enrichment
job experience
job interview
job loss
job market
job offer
job opportunity
job performance
job placement
job proposal
job requirements
job restructuring
job rotation
job satisfaction
job search
job security
job seeker
job seeking
job sharing
job specifi cation
job splitting
job termination
job vacancy
dual jobholding
joiner
joint venture
Jordan
journal
journal article
journal issue
journalism worker
journalist
judge
judgment
jurisprudence
Court of Justice
EC Court of Justice
juvenile delinquency
Kazakhstan
book keeping
Kenya
key competences
key qualifi cation
key skill
United Kingdom
knitter
know how
knowledge
technical knowledge
knowledge based system
knowledge management
knowledge society
knowledge transfer
knowledge worker
Hong Kong
North Korea
South Korea
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Castille La Mancha
labour
access to labour market
dual labour market
female labour
hidden labour force
International Labour Organisation
ministry of labour
regional labour market
labour administration
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 212kg809644_inside_EN.indb 212 3/02/09 9:24:593/02/09 9:24:59
European Training ThesaurusEN – 213
labour code
labour contract
labour demand
labour exchange offi cer
labour force
labour law
labour legislation
labour market
labour market analysis
labour market fl exibility
labour market reform
labour market segmentation
labour market structure
labour market survey
labour mobility
labour policy
labour relations
labour requirement
labour shortage
labour statistics
labour supply
labour union
labourer
free lance worker
land transport
landscape gardener
language
business language course
foreign language course
foreign language learning
foreign language skill
lesser used language
minority language
native language
second language
vocational language skill
language barrier
Languedoc-Roussillon
Sri Lanka
Laos
large enterprise
Latin America
Latium
Latvia
law
administrative law
case law
Community law
EC law
employment law
European law
labour law
law worker
lawyer
leadership
leadership training
learning to learn
learning
accreditation of prior learning
adult learning
applied learning
assessment of learning outcomes
certifi cation of learning outcomes
computer assisted learning
computer based learning
distance learning
experiential learning
fl exible learning
foreign language learning
formal learning
group learning
independent learning
individual learning account
informal learning
interactive learning
lifelong learning
Lifelong learning programme
lifelong learning strategy
non-formal learning
online learning
open learning
organisational learning
prior learning
programmed learning
psychology of learning
recognition of learning outcomes
self directed learning
transfer of learning
validation of learning outcomes
validation of non-formal learning
valorisation of learning
visual learning
learning aid
learning by doing
learning by using
learning company
learning credit
learning diffi culty
learning disability
learning enterprise
learning environment
learning material
learning method
learning objective
learning organisation
learning outcome
learning pace
learning process
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 213kg809644_inside_EN.indb 213 3/02/09 9:24:593/02/09 9:24:59
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 214 – EN
learning site
learning strategy
learning style
learning theory
learning to learn
learning venue
leather goods maker
leather industry
leather worker
educational leave
maternity leave
training leave
early school leaver
school leaving
school leaving certifi cate
Lebanon
lecturer
legal aspect
legal document
legal personnel
legal science
legal service
legal text
legislation
Community legislation
economic legislation
educational legislation
labour legislation
social legislation
training legislation
Leinster
leisure
leisure service
leisure time
length of studies
Castille and Leon
Leonardo da Vinci
Sierra Leone
Lesotho
Lesser Antilles
lesser used language
A level
educational level
level of education
level of qualifi cation
skill level
training level
training levy
liberal profession
Liberia
civil liberty
librarian
library
library catalogue
Libya
Liechtenstein
entry into working life
quality of life
quality of working life
working life
lifelong learning
Lifelong learning programme
lifelong learning strategy
Liguria
Limburg
Limousin
Lingua
linguistic group
linguistics
school industry links
Lisbon and the Tagus Valley
discussion list
mailing list
computer literacy
literacy
literature
Lithuania
cost of living
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
standard of living
living conditions
loan
educational loan
lobby group
regional and local authority
local administration
local authority
local community
local economy
local fi nance
local initiative
local planning
local training initiative
logger
Loire Region
Lombardy
long term unemployment
Lorraine
job loss
Lower Austria
lower class
Lower Normandy
Lower Saxony
lower secondary education
Luxembourg
Treaty of Maastricht
Macao
Macedonia
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 214kg809644_inside_EN.indb 214 3/02/09 9:25:003/02/09 9:25:00
European Training ThesaurusEN – 215
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
machine tool industry
machine translation
machinery industry
setter of production machines
skilled machinist
Madagascar
Madeira
Community of Madrid
Maghreb
mailing list
maintenance repair
cabinet maker
leather goods maker
paper maker
plastic products maker
pottery maker
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
male
Mali
Malta
man
Isle of Man
young man
management
administration management
business management
career management
company management
data management
educational management
fi nancial management
group management
human resources management
knowledge management
personnel management
production management
quality management
self management
total quality management
training management
management attitude
management board
management consultant
management counselling
management education
management of change
management skill
management training
manager
hotel manager
training manager
managerial competence
managerial personnel
managerial skill
Castille and La Mancha
manicurist
manpower
manpower needs
manpower planning
manpower policy
manual
manual worker
computer aided manufacturing
fl exible manufacturing system
manufacturing industry
manufacturing worker
Marche
marginal worker
marginalisation
San Marino
market
access to labour market
dual labour market
EC internal market
job market
labour market
labour market analysis
labour market fl exibility
labour market reform
labour market segmentation
labour market structure
labour market survey
regional labour market
training market
market research
marketing
training marketing
Mashreq
mason bricklayer
mass media
mastercraftsman
educational material
eLearning material
learning material
teaching material
training material
maternity leave
mathematical model
mathematician
mathematics
mathematics worker
maturity
Mauritania
Mauritius
safety measure
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 215kg809644_inside_EN.indb 215 3/02/09 9:25:003/02/09 9:25:00
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 216 – EN
measurement
educational measurement
meat industry
mechanic
control instruments mechanic
motor mechanic
service mechanic
mechanical engineering
mechanical fi tter
mechanisation
Mecklenburg West Pomerania
mass media
training media
medical auxiliary
medical care
medical doctor
medical personnel
medical practitioner
medical science
medicine
natural medicine
veterinary medicine
Mediterranean countries
communication medium
small medium enterprise
medium enterprise
Melanesia
Melilla
mental development
mental health
mental stress
mentally disabled person
mentally handicapped
mentoring
metalworker
metalworking industry
meteorology
audiovisual method
evaluation method
learning method
project method
research method
study method
teaching method
training method
methodology
Mexico
microcomputer
microelectronics
Micronesia
mid career break
middle class
Middle East
Midi-Pyrénées
East Midlands
West Midlands
midwife
migrant
migrant education
migrant employment
migrant integration
migrant training
migrant unemployment
migrant woman
migrant worker
migrant’s child
migrants’ rights
migration
internal migration
international migration
return migration
rural urban migration
military personnel
milling industry
child minding service
miner
coal miner
Minerva
mining
ministry
ministry of education
ministry of labour
minority
minority group
minority language
mixed economy
mixed investment company
geographical mobility
labour mobility
occupational mobility
personnel mobility
social mobility
staff mobility
student mobility
mobility of individuals
model
mathematical model
modernisation
modular training
Republic of Moldova
Molise
Monaco
mondialisation
monetary policy
Mongolia
employment monitoring system
self monitoring
monograph
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 216kg809644_inside_EN.indb 216 3/02/09 9:25:003/02/09 9:25:00
European Training ThesaurusEN – 217
monograph part
Montenegro
moonlighting
Morocco
mortality
mother tongue
motivation
motor mechanic
free movement
freedom of movement
social movement
Mozambique
multi skill training
multicultural environment
multilingualism
multimedia
multimedia system
multinational enterprise
multiple employment
municipal government
Munster
Region of Murcia
museum
music
musician
Myanmar
Namibia
narcotic addiction
national budget
national insurance
national planning
nationality
United Nations
native language
natural environment
natural medicine
natural sciences
nature conservation
Navarre
educational needs
information needs
manpower needs
skill needs
special needs education
training needs
training needs analysis
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
computer network
documentary network
information network
training network
new occupation
new technologies
New Zealand
newsletter
newspaper
Nicaragua
Nice Treaty
Niger
Nigeria
higher non-university education
validation of non-formal learning
non-formal education
non-formal learning
non-formal training
non-traditional occupation
non-university higher education
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Lower Normandy
Upper Normandy
North Africa
North America
North Brabant
North Holland
North Korea
North Rhine Westphalia
North West England
Northern Aegean
Northern England
Northern Europe
Northern Ireland
Northern Portugal
Norway
nuclear industry
number of students
number of trainees
numeracy
nurse
work place nursery
educational objective
learning objective
teaching objective
training objective
observation
skill obsolescence
obsolescent occupation
occupation
new occupation
non-traditional occupation
obsolescent occupation
recognised occupation
regulated occupation
sales occupation
technical occupation
occupational accident
occupational aspiration
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 217kg809644_inside_EN.indb 217 3/02/09 9:25:003/02/09 9:25:00
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 218 – EN
occupational change
occupational choice
occupational classifi cation
occupational disease
occupational environment
occupational fi eld
occupational guidance
occupational information
occupational mobility
occupational organisation
occupational profi le
occupational psychology
occupational qualifi cation
occupational rehabilitation
occupational safety
occupational satisfaction
occupational sociology
occupational status
occupational structure
occupational success
occupational transformation
socio occupational category
Oceania
OECD
OECD countries
off the job training
ex offender
job offer
European Personnel Selection Offi ce
offi ce automation
offi ce clerk
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
offi ce technology
offi ce work
offi ce worker
guidance offi cer
labour exchange offi cer
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
older person
older worker
Oman
European Ombudsman
on the job training
online catalogue
online learning
OOPEC
open employment
open learning
open university
computer operator
opinion
Community opinion
equal opportunities
career opportunity
educational opportunity
employment opportunity
job opportunity
training opportunity
optical industry
optician
oral expression
organisation
accreditation of training organisation
employers’ organisation
International Labour Organisation
international organisation
learning organisation
occupational organisation
student organisation
training organisation
voluntary organisation
work organisation
youth organisation
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
organisational change
organisational development
organisational learning
educational orientation
vocational orientation
country of origin
social origin
OSHA
agencies and other bodies
out of school education
learning outcome
training outcome
assessment of learning outcomes
certifi cation of learning outcomes
Identifi cation of learning outcomes
recognition of learning outcomes
validation of learning outcomes
outplacement
outsourcing
Overijssel
French Overseas Departments
French Overseas Territories
overseas student
overtime
learning pace
painter and decorator
painting
Pakistan
Rhineland Palatinate
Autonomous Territories of Palestine
Palestine authority
pamphlet
Panama
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 218kg809644_inside_EN.indb 218 3/02/09 9:25:003/02/09 9:25:00
European Training ThesaurusEN – 219
conference paper
discussion paper
green paper
pulp and paper industry
white paper
working paper
paper industry
paper maker
Paraguay
paramedical personnel
parental attitude
parental role
parents
science park
technology park
parliament
European Parliament
parqueting worker
monograph part
part time course
part time education
part time employment
part time work
community participation
education participation rate
employees’ participation
employers’ participation
state participation
trainee participation
training participation rate
workers’ participation
social partners
school industry partnership
training partnership
political party
Nord Pas de Calais
training passport
employment pattern
equal pay
pedagogics
pedagogy
Peloponnese
pension scheme
people at risk
unqualifi ed young people
performance
job performance
work performance
performance appraisal
performing artist
permanent vocational training
work permit
blind person
deaf person
disabled person
dumb person
gifted person
handicapped person
mentally disabled person
older person
physically disabled person
sales person
young person
personal computer
personal development
personal income
personal service personnel
personality
personnel
administrative and fi nancial personnel
air transport personnel
ambulance personnel
banking personnel
catering personnel
clerical personnel
commercial personnel
computer personnel
computing personnel
environment personnel
European Personnel Selection Offi ce
hotel personnel
information personnel
insurance personnel
legal personnel
managerial personnel
medical personnel
military personnel
paramedical personnel
personal service personnel
public service personnel
scientifi c personnel
security personnel
social services personnel
teaching personnel
technical personnel
tourism personnel
training and teaching personnel
training personnel
travel personnel
welfare personnel
personnel assessment
personnel committee
personnel management
personnel mobility
personnel policy
personnel regrading
personnel selection
personnel shortage
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 219kg809644_inside_EN.indb 219 3/02/09 9:25:013/02/09 9:25:01
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 220 – EN
personnel supervision
personnel supply
employed persons
Peru
petrochemical industry
petroleum industry
pharmaceutical industry
Philippines
philosophy
educational philosophy
photographer
photography
physical environment
physical health
physical science worker
physically disabled person
physically handicapped
physician
physicist
physics
physiotherapist
Picardy
Piedmont
aircraft pilot
pilot project
pilot study
work place nursery
place of work
placement
job placement
training placement
placement service
action plan
training plan
planning
career planning
city planning
economic planning
educational planning
employment planning
local planning
manpower planning
national planning
regional planning
town planning
urban planning
vocational training planning
planning of training
in plant training
plant shutdown
plasterer
plastic products maker
plastics industry
plumber
poaching
Poitou-Charentes
Poland
police
agricultural policy
Community policy
cultural policy
EC policy
economic policy
educational policy
employment policy
environmental policy
EU policy
fi nancial policy
foreign policy
government policy
incomes policy
industrial policy
international policy
labour policy
manpower policy
monetary policy
personnel policy
regional policy
regional training policy
research policy
social policy
trade policy
training policy
training policy coordination
youth policy
political ideology
political party
political regime
political science
political system
politics
pollution
Polynesia
polytechnic
polytechnic education
polyvalence
polyvalent training
Mecklenburg West Pomerania
economically active population
population
population decline
population distribution
population growth
population trends
rural population
student population
urban population
working age population
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 220kg809644_inside_EN.indb 220 3/02/09 9:25:013/02/09 9:25:01
European Training ThesaurusEN – 221
porter
Central Portugal
Northern Portugal
Portugal
positive discrimination
post compulsory education
post secondary education
postgraduate study
pottery maker
poverty
power industry
practical examination
practical skill
practical training
best practice
workshop practice
medical practitioner
pre primary education
pre school education
precarious employment
precariousness
precision instrument fi tter
vocational preparation
press
press release
pressure group
accident prevention
prevocational training
pre primary education
primary education
primary school
primary sector
printer
printing industry
printing worker
accreditation of prior learning
prior learning
prisoner training
private education
private employment service
private fi nance
private school
private sector
problem solving
social problem
selection procedure
proceedings
cognitive process
learning process
data processing
data processing industry
information processing
producer
production
production management
setter of production machines
productivity
plastic products maker
liberal profession
teaching profession
continuous professional development
professional association
professional status
professional worker
professionalisation
professionalism
professor
career profi le
employee profi le
occupational profi le
qualifi cational profi le
training profi le
profi t
Community programme
EC programme
Employment programme
EU programme
Lifelong learning programme
research programme
training programme
work programme
Youth programme
programmed instruction
programmed learning
computer programmer
progress report
progression
pilot project
project method
project report
prolongation of schooling
prolonged schooling
training promoter
employment promotion
promotion
sales promotion
social promotion
job proposal
career prospects
employment protection
environmental protection
youth protection
Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur
training provider
accreditation of education and training providers
psychologist
educational psychology
industrial psychology
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 221kg809644_inside_EN.indb 221 3/02/09 9:25:013/02/09 9:25:01
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 222 – EN
occupational psychology
psychology
psychology at work
psychology of education
psychology of learning
public administration
public body
public education
public employment service
public enterprise
public expenditure
public fi nance
public health
public relations
public school
public sector
public servant
public service
public service personnel
Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
publishing
Puerto Rico
pulp and paper industry
pupil
training purchase
pure sciences
Midi Pyrénées
Qatar
qualifi cation
dual qualifi cation
key qualifi cation
level of qualifi cation
occupational qualifi cation
recognition of qualifi cation
vocational qualifi cation
qualifi cational profi le
comparability of qualifi cations
comparison of qualifi cations
correspondence of qualifi cations
transparency of qualifi cations
highly qualifi ed worker
qualitative analysis
educational quality
teaching quality
total quality management
quality assurance
quality control
quality management
quality of education
quality of life
quality of training
quality of working life
questioning
questionnaire
racial discrimination
racial equality
racial segregation
racism
radio
radiographer
railway transport
railway worker
education participation rate
schooling rate
training participation rate
trainer trainee ratio
reading
receptionist
economic recession
recognised occupation
recognition of certifi cates
recognition of competences
recognition of learning outcomes
recognition of diplomas
recognition of qualifi cations
Community recommendation
EC recommendation
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
career record
trainee record
recreation
recreation service
recruitment
recurrent education
recycling industry
reduction of working hours
redundancy
reengineering
curriculum reform
educational reform
labour market reform
training reform
refreshing training
refugee
political regime
Brussels Capital Region
Flemish Region
Loire Region
Walloon region
Region of Murcia
regional and local authority
regional authority
regional cooperation
regional development
regional employment
regional labour market
regional planning
regional policy
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 222kg809644_inside_EN.indb 222 3/02/09 9:25:013/02/09 9:25:01
European Training ThesaurusEN – 223
regional training policy
regional unemployment
Committee of the Regions
registered unemployed worker
registration
personnel regrading
regulated occupation
Community regulation
regulation
EC regulation
employment rehabilitation
occupational rehabilitation
vocational rehabilitation
vocational rehabilitation centre
Community external relations
industrial relations
international relations
interpersonal relations
labour relations
public relations
employment training relationship
higher education school enterprise relationship
school enterprise relationship
trainer trainee relationship
training employment relationship
university enterprise relationship
day release
press release
religion
remuneration
repair
maintenance repair
replacement
report
annual report
conference report
interim report
progress report
project report
reporter
workers’ representation
sales representative
Central African Republic
Congo Democratic Republic
Czech Republic
Federal Republic of Germany
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
German Democratic Republic
Slovak Republic
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Moldova
labour requirement
skill requirement
admission requirements
job requirements
vocational requirements
research
action research
comparative research
curriculum research
educational research
empirical research
experimental research
fundamental research
historical research
market research
social research
training research
research centre
research and development
research fi eld
research institute
research method
research policy
research programme
research technique
Community resolution
capital resource
economic resource
educational resource
fi nancial resource
human resource
resource centre
human resources development
human resources management
responsible body
restoration
business restructuring
job restructuring
retail trade
retirement
early retirement
retraining
information retrieval
return migration
return to work
Reunion
review
information revolution
North Rhine Westphalia
Rhineland Palatinate
Rhône-Alpes
Costa Rica
Puerto Rico
right to education
right to information
right to training
right to work
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 223kg809644_inside_EN.indb 223 3/02/09 9:25:023/02/09 9:25:02
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 224 – EN
rights of the child
children’s rights
civil rights
cultural rights
human rights
migrants’ rights
social rights
women’s rights
Rioja
rising birthrate
people at risk
road transport
robot
industrial robot
robotics
employers’ role
parental role
social role
teacher role
trade union role
training role
Emilia Romagna
Romania
Treaty of Rome
roof slater and tiler
job rotation
Languedoc Roussillon
rubber industry
rural area
rural development
rural population
rural urban migration
rural youth
Russia
Rwanda
Saarland
European Agency for Safety Health at Work
occupational safety
staff safety
safety at work
safety education
safety measure
safety training
Western Sahara
sailor
salary
sales occupation
sales person
sales promotion
sales representative
sales worker
El Salvador
Salzburg
San Marino
sandwich course
sanitation service
Sardinia
communications satellite
satellite communication
job satisfaction
occupational satisfaction
Saudi Arabia
Saxony
Lower Saxony
Saxony Anhalt
Scandinavia
pension scheme
Schleswig Holstein
scholarship
school
attitude toward school
early school leaver
elementary school
European Administrative School
evening school
higher education school enterprise relationship
independent school
out of school education
pre school education
primary school
private school
public school
secondary school
specialised secondary school
technical school
transition from school to work
vocational school
school dropout
school enterprise relationship
school guidance
school industry links
school industry partnership
school leaving
school leaving certifi cate
school subject
schooling
prolongation of schooling
prolonged schooling
schooling rate
second chance schools
computer science
information science
legal science
medical science
physical science worker
political science
science park
science worker
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 224kg809644_inside_EN.indb 224 3/02/09 9:25:023/02/09 9:25:02
European Training ThesaurusEN – 225
administrative sciences
applied sciences
natural sciences
pure sciences
social sciences
social sciences worker
technological sciences
sciences of education
scientifi c personnel
scientist
computer scientist
social scientist
Scotland
sea transport
seafarer
seamstress
job search
seasonal unemployment
seasonal work
seasonal worker
second chance education
second chance schools
second language
secondary education
lower secondary education
post secondary education
upper secondary education
secondary school
secondary sector
specialised secondary school
secondment
secretarial training
secretary
administrative sector
cultural sector employee
economic sector
informal sector
primary sector
private sector
public sector
secondary sector
service sector
tertiary sector
sectoral education
sectoral training
employment security
job security
social security
security personnel
security services worker
job seeker
job seeking
labour market segmentation
segregation
racial segregation
European Personnel Selection Offi ce
personnel selection
trainee selection
selection criteria
selection procedure
self concept
self directed learning
self employed worker
self employment
self esteem
self evaluation
self image
self instruction
self management
self monitoring
semi skilled job
semi skilled worker
semi state body
Senegal
seniority
Serbia
serial
series
civil servant
public servant
business service
careers service
child minding service
civil service
cultural service
employment service
fi nancial service
guidance service
health service
in service training
information service
legal service
leisure service
personal service personnel
placement service
private employment service
public employment service
public service
public service personnel
recreation service
sanitation service
social service
tourist service
voluntary service
service mechanic
service sector
services
security services worker
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 225kg809644_inside_EN.indb 225 3/02/09 9:25:023/02/09 9:25:02
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 226 – EN
social services personnel
social services worker
transport services worker
services industry
services worker
setter of production machines
sex discrimination
sex distribution
sexism
shadow economy
job sharing
sheltered employment
shipbuilding
shipping
shoemaker
short course
short term employment
short term unemployment
employment shortage
labour shortage
personnel shortage
skill shortage
staff shortage
plant shutdown
Sicily
Sierra Leone
silversmith
silviculture
simulation training
Singapore
singer
learning site
economic situation
employment situation
skill
basic skill
communication skill
core skill
foreign language skill
generic skill
interactive skill
key skill
management skill
managerial skill
multi skill training
practical skill
social skill
transferable skill
vocational language skill
skill analysis
skill development
skill evolution
skill level
skill needs
skill obsolescence
skill requirement
skill shortage
skill training
highly skilled worker
semi skilled job
semi skilled worker
skilled machinist
skilled worker
roof slater and tiler
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
small business
small enterprise
small and medium enterprise
SME
European Economic and Social Committee
health and social studies
social adjustment
social assimilation
social assistance
social behaviour
social benefi ts
social change
social class
social competence
social consequence
social dialogue
social discrimination
social economy
social effect
social environment
social exclusion
social fund
social handicap
social identity
social implication
social inclusion
social inequality
social insurance
social integration
social interaction
social legislation
social mobility
social movement
social origin
social partners
social policy
social problem
social promotion
social research
social rights
social role
social sciences
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 226kg809644_inside_EN.indb 226 3/02/09 9:25:023/02/09 9:25:02
European Training ThesaurusEN – 227
social sciences worker
social scientist
social security
social service
social services personnel
social services worker
social skill
social status
social structure
social system
social work
social worker
socialisation
socially disabled person
society
information society
knowledge society
socio economic conditions
socio occupational category
sociocultural group
sociologist
sociology
educational sociology
industrial sociology
occupational sociology
sociology at work
Socrates
software
educational software
training software
soldier
problem solving
Somalia
South Africa
South America
South Asia
South East Asia
South East England
South Holland
South Korea
South West England
Southern Aegean
Southern Africa
Southern Europe
Spain
German speaking Community
special education
special needs education
special issue
specialised secondary school
specialised worker
specialist training
job specifi cation
training specifi cation
speech
job splitting
sponsorship
sport
Sri Lanka
staff
training staff
staff appraisal
staff assessment
staff development
staff mobility
staff safety
staff shortage
staff supply
staff training
standard
training standard
standard of living
state
semi state body
state aid
state body
state education
state participation
Baltic States
Gulf States
United States
statistical analysis
statistician
statistics
economic statistics
educational statistics
employment statistics
labour statistics
training statistics
employment status
female status
occupational status
professional status
social status
women’s status
statutory education
steel industry
stonemason and cutter
information storage
learning strategy
lifelong learning strategy
training strategy
mental stress
strike
structural unemployment
administrative structure
employment structure
labour market structure
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 227kg809644_inside_EN.indb 227 3/02/09 9:25:023/02/09 9:25:02
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 228 – EN
occupational structure
social structure
student
foreign student
gifted student
overseas student
undergraduate student
working student
student allowance
student exchange
student mobility
student organisation
student population
number of students
students’ attitude
business studies
choice of studies
duration of studies
health and social studies
length of studies
university studies
case study
comparative study
distance study
pilot study
postgraduate study
time study
undergraduate study
work study
study abroad
study duration
study method
study tour
study visit
learning style
Styria
subcontracting
subcontractor
compulsory subject
course subject
curriculum subject
school subject
teaching subject
subsidy
success
occupational success
Sudan
sugar industry
information superhighway
personnel supervision
supervisor
supervisory training
supplementary training
educational supply
labour supply
personnel supply
staff supply
training supply
fi nancial support
Suriname
survey
employment survey
labour market survey
sustainable development
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
authoring system
credit system
dual system
economic system
education system
educational system
employment monitoring system
examination system
expert system
fl exible manufacturing system
information system
knowledge based system
multimedia system
political system
social system
training system
systems analyst
systems designer
Lisbon and the Tagus Valley
tailor
Taiwan
Tajikistan
tanning industry
Tanzania
training target
target group
target groups of education
tariff agreement
task analysis
tax
teacher
guidance teacher
higher education teacher
university teacher
vocational teacher
teacher education
teacher exchange
teacher role
teacher training
teacher training college
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 228kg809644_inside_EN.indb 228 3/02/09 9:25:033/02/09 9:25:03
European Training ThesaurusEN – 229
training of teachers
teaching
evaluation of teaching
experimental teaching
training and teaching personnel
teaching aid
teaching material
teaching method
teaching objective
teaching personnel
teaching profession
teaching quality
teaching subject
teaching technique
team work
technical assistance
technical education
technical knowledge
technical occupation
technical personnel
technical school
technical training
technician
research technique
teaching technique
technological change
technological sciences
technological training
new technologies
technology
advanced technology
college of technology
educational technology
information technology
offi ce technology
technology park
technology transfer
telecommunication
telecommunications fi tter
telecommunications industry
telematics
telephonist
television
educational television
teleworking
temporary employment
temporary unemployment
temporary work
temporary worker
Tempus
long term unemployment
short term employment
short term unemployment
terminal
job termination
termination of employment
terminology
Autonomous Territories of Palestine
French Overseas Territories
tertiary sector
test
aptitude test
attainment testing
educational testing
legal text
textbook
textile industry
textile worker
Thailand
theatre
educational theory
learning theory
training theory
theory of education
thesaurus
thesis
Thessaly
creative thinking
Thuringia
fl oor and wall tiler
roof slater and tiler
fl exible working time
full time course
full time employment
full time work
leisure time
part time course
part time education
part time employment
part time work
working time
working time arrangement
time study
East Timor
tobacco industry
Togo
mother tongue
evaluation tool
machine tool industry
toolmaker
total quality management
educational tour
study tour
training tour
tour guide
tourism
tourism personnel
tourist service
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 229kg809644_inside_EN.indb 229 3/02/09 9:25:033/02/09 9:25:03
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 230 – EN
attitude toward school
town planning
toy industry
trade
distributive trade
European Free Trade Association
international trade
retail trade
wholesale trade
trade certifi cate
trade policy
trade union
trade union role
trade union training
trades’ training
non traditional occupation
air traffi c controller
trainee
graduate trainee
trainer trainee ratio
trainer trainee relationship
trainee assessment
trainee participation
trainee record
trainee selection
number of trainees
trainees’ attitude
trainer
trainer trainee ratio
trainer trainee relationship
training of trainers
trainers’ attitude
accelerated training
access to training
accreditation of training
accreditation of training institutions
accreditation of training organisation
accreditation of education and training providers
adaptation training
adjustment training
admission to training
adult training
adult vocational training
alternance training
alternating training
appreciation training
basic training
business administration training
choice of training
clerical training
completion of training
computer training
continued training
continuing training
continuing vocational training
cost of training
craft training
distance training
duration of training
economics of training
employment training relationship
entrepreneurial training
environmental training
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
European Training Foundation
export of training
extension training
extra company training institution
fi nancing of training
further training
group training
history of training
in company training
in fi rm training
in plant training
in service training
individual training
induction training
initial training
intensive training
intercompany training
leadership training
local training initiative
management training
migrant training
modular training
multi skill training
non-formal training
off the job training
on the job training
permanent vocational training
planning of training
polyvalent training
practical training
prevocational training
prisoner training
quality of training
refreshing training
regional training policy
right to training
safety training
secretarial training
sectoral training
simulation training
skill training
specialist training
staff training
supervisory training
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 230kg809644_inside_EN.indb 230 3/02/09 9:25:033/02/09 9:25:03
European Training ThesaurusEN – 231
supplementary training
teacher training
teacher training college
technical training
technological training
trade union training
trades’ training
type of training
updating training
valorisation of training
vocational training
vocational training planning
work based training
youth training
training abroad
training administration
training agreement
training aid
training allowance
training and teaching personnel
training assessment
training assistance
training audit
training bay
training benefi t
training budget
training centre
training concept
training conference
training consultant
training contracting
training convention
training coordination
training cost
training course
training credit
training demand
training description
training development
training director
training dropout
training duration
training effectiveness
training employment contract
training employment relationship
training equipment
training establishment
training evaluation
training expenditure
training experiment
training fee
training fl exibility
training function
training funds
training indicator
training information
training initiative
training innovation
training institution
training investment
training leave
training legislation
training level
training levy
training management
training manager
training market
training marketing
training material
training media
training method
training needs
training needs analysis
training network
training objective
training of teachers
training of trainers
training opportunity
training organisation
training outcome
training participation rate
training partnership
training passport
training personnel
training placement
training plan
training policy
training policy coordination
training profi le
training programme
training promoter
training provider
training purchase
training reform
training research
training role
training software
training specifi cation
training staff
training standard
training statistics
training strategy
training supply
training system
training target
training theory
training tour
training tutor
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 231kg809644_inside_EN.indb 231 3/02/09 9:25:033/02/09 9:25:03
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 232 – EN
training type
training validation
training wastage
training workshop
traits
knowledge transfer
technology transfer
transfer of learning
transferable skill
occupational transformation
transition from school to work
translation
automated translation
machine translation
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
translator
transnational corporation
transparency of qualifi cations
transport
air transport
air transport personnel
inland water transport
land transport
railway transport
road transport
sea transport
urban transport
transport services worker
transport worker
transportation
transversal competences
travel agency
travel agency employee
travel guide
travel personnel
equality of treatment
Amsterdam Treaty
European Treaty
Nice Treaty
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
Treaty of Maastricht
Treaty of Rome
trend
population trends
Trentino Alto Adige
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuscany
training tutor
training type
type of enterprise
type of training
typist
data typist
Tyrol
Uganda
Ukraine
Ulster
Umbria
underemployment
undergraduate
undergraduate student
undergraduate study
underground economy
underqualifi ed worker
registered unemployed worker
unemployed worker
unemployed youth
unemployment
disguised unemployment
female unemployment
fi ght against unemployment
frictional unemployment
graduate unemployment
long term unemployment
migrant unemployment
regional unemployment
seasonal unemployment
short term unemployment
structural unemployment
temporary unemployment
youth unemployment
unemployment benefi t
unemployment duration
unemployment insurance
unemployment of women
Unesco
unfi lled vacancy
Council of the European Union
European Union
labour union
trade union
trade union role
trade union training
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union
credit unit
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United Nations
United States
university
higher non university education
international university
non university higher education
open university
university degree
university enterprise relationship
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 232kg809644_inside_EN.indb 232 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
European Training ThesaurusEN – 233
university entrance classifi cation
university guidance
university studies
university teacher
unqualifi ed young people
unskilled worker
updating training
upskilling
Upper Austria
upper class
Upper Normandy
upper secondary education
rural urban migration
urban area
urban planning
urban population
urban transport
urban youth
Uruguay
didactic use of computer
lesser used language
information user
user friendliness
learning by using
USSR
former USSR
Utrecht
Uzbekistan
job vacancy
unfi lled vacancy
Community of Valencia
training validation
validation of competences
validation of non-formal learning
validation of learning outcomes
Valle d’Aosta
Lisbon and the Tagus Valley
valorisation of learning
valorisation of training
Vatican
Veneto
Friuli Venezia Giulia
Venezuela
joint venture
learning venue
Cape Verde
veterinarian
veterinary medicine
veterinary worker
video
interactive video
Vienna
Vietnam
Leonardo da Vinci
study visit
visual learning
curriculum vitae
viticulture
adult vocational training
continuing vocational training
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
permanent vocational training
vocational aspiration
vocational assessment
vocational change
vocational choice
vocational counselling
vocational counsellor
vocational education
vocational guidance
vocational guidance council
vocational information
vocational language skill
vocational orientation
vocational preparation
vocational qualifi cation
vocational rehabilitation
vocational rehabilitation centre
vocational requirements
vocational school
vocational teacher
vocational training
vocational training planning
Vojvodina
voluntary agency
voluntary organisation
voluntary service
Vorarlberg
vulnerable group
basic wage
effi ciency wage
wage
wage differential
wage earner
waiter
Wales
fl oor and wall tiler
Walloon region
educational wastage
training wastage
inland water transport
wealth
weaver
world wide web
webmaster
website
welder
welfare personnel
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 233kg809644_inside_EN.indb 233 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 234 – EN
British West Indies
French West Indies
Mecklenburg West Pomerania
North West England
South West England
West Africa
West Midlands
Western Europe
Western Greece
Western Sahara
North Rhine Westphalia
white paper
wholesale trade
world wide web
woman
migrant woman
young woman
unemployment of women
woman worker
women’s rights
women’s status
women’s work
wood worker
woodworking industry
clandestine work
clerical work
European Agency for Safety Health at Work
fl exible hours of work
fl exible work
full time work
group work
hours of work
humanisation of work
illegal work
independent work
integration to work
offi ce work
part time work
place of work
psychology at work
return to work
right to work
safety at work
seasonal work
social work
sociology at work
team work
temporary work
transition from school to work
women’s work
work at home
work attitude
work based training
work environment
work organisation
work performance
work permit
work place nursery
work programme
work study
worker
administration worker
ageing worker
agricultural worker
agriculture worker
atypical worker
beverage worker
blue collar worker
bus worker
business worker
casual worker
ceramics worker
clerical worker
construction worker
disabled worker
domestic worker
education worker
engineering worker
environment worker
expatriate worker
female worker
food worker
foreign worker
forestry worker
free lance worker
frontier worker
glass worker
handicapped worker
health worker
highly qualifi ed worker
highly skilled worker
hotel worker
humanities worker
independent worker
information worker
journalism worker
knowledge worker
law worker
leather worker
manual worker
manufacturing worker
marginal worker
mathematics worker
migrant worker
offi ce worker
older worker
parqueting worker
physical science worker
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 234kg809644_inside_EN.indb 234 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
European Training ThesaurusEN – 235
printing worker
professional worker
railway worker
registered unemployed worker
sales worker
science worker
seasonal worker
security services worker
self employed worker
semi skilled worker
services worker
skilled worker
social sciences worker
social services worker
social worker
specialised worker
temporary worker
textile worker
transport services worker
transport worker
underqualifi ed worker
unemployed worker
unskilled worker
veterinary worker
woman worker
wood worker
young worker
youth worker
worker adaptation
workers’ education
workers’ induction
workers’ participation
workers’ representation
workforce
entry into working life
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
fl exible working time
quality of working life
reduction of working hours
working age population
working class
working conditions
working document
work experience
working life
working paper
working student
working time
working time arrangement
works council
training workshop
workshop practice
World Bank
world wide web
writing
Baden Württemberg
European year
yearbook
Yemen
Yorkshire and Humberside
unqualifi ed young people
young man
young person
young woman
young worker
youth
rural youth
unemployed youth
urban youth
youth aid
youth employment
youth organisation
youth policy
Youth programme
youth protection
youth training
youth unemployment
youth worker
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslavia
Zambia
New Zealand
Zeeland
Zimbabwe
zoology
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
kg809644_inside_EN.indb 235kg809644_inside_EN.indb 235 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 236kg809644_inside_EN.indb 236 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
European Training Thesaurus
Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities
2008 — 469 pp. – 21 x 29.7 cm
ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0
Cat. No: TI-76-06-670-2A-C
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29
No of publication: 3049
kg809644_inside_FR.indb 471kg809644_inside_FR.indb 471 3/02/09 10:40:463/02/09 10:40:46
noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 236kg809644_inside_EN.indb 236 3/02/09 9:25:043/02/09 9:25:04
European Training Thesaurus
Thésaurus européende la formation professionnelle
TI-76-06-670-2A-C
Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea)PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 ThessalonikiTel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20E-mail: [email protected]
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29 3049
European Training Thesaurus
Thésaurus européende la formation professionnelle
E N | F R
Eur
op
ean
Trai
ning
The
saur
us |
Thé
saur
us e
uro
pée
n d
e la
fo
rmat
ion
pro
fess
ionn
elle
EN
| F
R
ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0
kg809644cover.indd 1kg809644cover.indd 1 3/02/09 10:46:363/02/09 10:46:36