European Settlement of European Settlement of AmericaAmerica

World History – Libertyville HSWorld History – Libertyville HS

Three Different Approaches to Three Different Approaches to Settlement / ColonizationSettlement / Colonization

• SpanishSpanish– Exploit natural Exploit natural

resources (Gold, resources (Gold, silver)silver)

– Put natives to workPut natives to work– Few colonistsFew colonists

• FrenchFrench– Exploit natural Exploit natural

resources (Fur trade)resources (Fur trade)– Few colonists (traders)Few colonists (traders)

• EnglishEnglish– Colonize and exploit Colonize and exploit

natural resources natural resources (lumber)(lumber)

– Many colonists neededMany colonists needed

English Colonization of English Colonization of AmericaAmerica• England sent its misfits England sent its misfits

overseasoverseas– QuakersQuakers– PuritansPuritans– Indentured servantsIndentured servants– PoorPoor– DebtorsDebtors

• All had in common…All had in common…– Hated British upper classHated British upper class– ProtestantProtestant– Valued educationValued education

• Established farms, Established farms, towns to exploit towns to exploit surrounding surrounding countryside countryside (Mercantilism!)(Mercantilism!)

First Permanent Settlement Of America at Jamestown, VA

British Settlement of America: British Settlement of America: RoanokeRoanoke

• Four Attempts during 1580sFour Attempts during 1580s– Failed because expeditions too Failed because expeditions too

smallsmall– Challenges of initial colonistsChallenges of initial colonists

• Roanoke Settlement, 1586Roanoke Settlement, 1586– Mix of men, womenMix of men, women– Strategy of settlementStrategy of settlement– War with Spain, 1587!War with Spain, 1587!– Return to colony 1589Return to colony 1589– Site abandoned – “Croatoan”Site abandoned – “Croatoan”– What happened?!What happened?!

1585 Map of Outer Bank

Roanoke

English Settlement: English Settlement: JamestownJamestown

• Settlers led by John Settlers led by John Rolfe, John SmithRolfe, John Smith

• Landed in VA, off Landed in VA, off coastcoast

• First priority = First priority = build fortbuild fort

• Classic example of Classic example of European / Indian European / Indian relationsrelations

Jamestown – “The Starving Jamestown – “The Starving Time”Time”

• English didn’t English didn’t know… know… – about new world about new world

cropscrops– How to huntHow to hunt– How to fishHow to fish

• By end of winter, By end of winter, 38 survivors of 38 survivors of 104 Englishmen104 Englishmen

Burial of Dead at Jamestown

Jamestown: Powhatan & Jamestown: Powhatan & PocahontasPocahontas

• English encounter English encounter Powhatan tribePowhatan tribe– Not first Europeans Not first Europeans

they’d metthey’d met– English begin English begin

stealing their cornstealing their corn

• Meeting between Meeting between Chief, John SmithChief, John Smith– Pocahontas steps Pocahontas steps

in to save Smithin to save Smith

John Smith

Jamestown: Powhatan & Jamestown: Powhatan & PocahontasPocahontas

• Powhatan decision Powhatan decision saves English, saves English, changes historychanges history

• Pocahontas later Pocahontas later marries John Rolfemarries John Rolfe– Likely to cement Likely to cement

peace treatypeace treaty– Traveled to Traveled to

England, England, contracted contracted smallpox and diedsmallpox and died

English Religious English Religious OppressionOppression• Remember Henry Remember Henry

VIII?VIII?– English king, broke English king, broke

with Catholic with Catholic churchchurch

– Forms own church Forms own church (Anglican) w/ 3 (Anglican) w/ 3 differencesdifferences•Allows divorceAllows divorce•English by law must English by law must

be Anglicanbe Anglican•Must take loyalty Must take loyalty

oath to governmentoath to government

English Religious English Religious OppressionOppression

• Non Anglican Non Anglican EnglishEnglish– Quakers (pacifists)Quakers (pacifists)

– Presbyterians Presbyterians (Scottish Calvinists)(Scottish Calvinists)

– Puritans (Calvinists)Puritans (Calvinists)

• Each refused loyalty Each refused loyalty oathoath

• Each oppressed by Each oppressed by English governmentEnglish government

Puritan BeliefsPuritan Beliefs

• PredestinationPredestination• Hard work rewardedHard work rewarded• Vices are EVIL!!!Vices are EVIL!!!• PatriarchalPatriarchal• Leaders = ElectLeaders = Elect

– Only malesOnly males– Interp. Bible for Interp. Bible for

peoplepeople

• Believed in magicBelieved in magic• Child raisingChild raising• Myths and folkloreMyths and folklore

Puritans Flee to AmericaPuritans Flee to America• Puritan characteristicsPuritan characteristics

– Rich! (Middle class)Rich! (Middle class)– ““Protestant Work Ethic”Protestant Work Ethic”– Commoners, not nobilityCommoners, not nobility

• Some Puritans got together, Some Puritans got together, formed business venture: formed business venture: Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony– Idea = leave England to Idea = leave England to

worship how they wantedworship how they wanted– English govt: loved idea! English govt: loved idea!

(Get rid of malcontents but (Get rid of malcontents but gain profit from business gain profit from business venture)venture)

Mass BayColonySeal

Plymouth SettlementPlymouth Settlement

• Pilgrims Pilgrims ((MayflowerMayflower) landed ) landed at Plymouth Rock at Plymouth Rock in 1620in 1620

• Native Americans Native Americans were friendlywere friendly– SquantoSquanto– Helped Pilgrims Helped Pilgrims

through first winterthrough first winter

Landing at Plymouth

Rebels Against the Puritans: Rebels Against the Puritans: Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

• Member of ElectMember of Elect• Preached Preached

separation of separation of church, statechurch, state

• Rest of elect said Rest of elect said SHUT UP!!!SHUT UP!!!

• Refused; exiled as Refused; exiled as winter beganwinter began

• Survived (lived Survived (lived with Indians) – with Indians) – formed colony of formed colony of Rhode IslandRhode Island

Rebels Against Puritans:Rebels Against Puritans:Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

• Begins preaching Begins preaching (and she’s good!), (and she’s good!), interp bible herselfinterp bible herself

• Elect shut her down, Elect shut her down, so families go to her so families go to her house to hear herhouse to hear her

• Elect tells her Elect tells her husband to shut her husband to shut her up – he says NO!up – he says NO!

Hutchinson preaching in her home

Rebels Against Puritans:Rebels Against Puritans:Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

• Her Beliefs / Her Beliefs / preachingpreaching– Commoners interp Commoners interp

own bibleown bible– Elect should be more Elect should be more

interesting!interesting!– Women have equal Women have equal

voice in religionvoice in religion– Holy Spirit told her to Holy Spirit told her to

preach these preach these messages (elect: HS messages (elect: HS wouldn’t talk to a wouldn’t talk to a woman!)woman!)

Rebels Against Puritans:Rebels Against Puritans:Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

• Trials of AnneTrials of Anne– First trial: told to stop First trial: told to stop

preaching (she doesn’t)preaching (she doesn’t)– Second trial: convicted Second trial: convicted

before it started, but she before it started, but she debates elect and debates elect and embarrasses themembarrasses them

– Exiled, many families go Exiled, many families go with her; tragic endingwith her; tragic ending

• Represents freedom of Represents freedom of though in New Worldthough in New World

Witchcraft / Witch TrialsWitchcraft / Witch Trials• 1630-1700 trials1630-1700 trials

– 95% female95% female– Accused: 344Accused: 344– Guilty = 344Guilty = 344– Executed = 35 (19 Executed = 35 (19

at Salem)at Salem)– Most exiledMost exiled

Witch trial (Connecticut)

Witchcraft / Witch TrialsWitchcraft / Witch Trials• Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials

– Group of girls Group of girls started accusationsstarted accusations

– Accusations Accusations snowballed out of snowballed out of controlcontrol

– 19 women 19 women executed before executed before girls recanted and girls recanted and said they made it said they made it all upall up

Hanging of Bridget Bishop, 1692

Witchcraft / Witch TrialsWitchcraft / Witch Trials

• Profile of “witch”Profile of “witch”– Middle aged femaleMiddle aged female– Single (usually widow)Single (usually widow)– Few / no kidsFew / no kids– ***Property owner******Property owner***– Unpopular w/ Unpopular w/

communitycommunity

• Typical trialTypical trial– AccusationAccusation– TrialTrial– Guilty verdictGuilty verdict– ExiledExiled– Property seizedProperty seized