European Renaissance and Reformation

(Chapter 1)

Italy Before It Was United

Where did the Renaissance begin (its birthplace)?

• Renaissance - rebirth of intellectual & artistic creativity (Italy, 1300’s)

• Revived the techniques, styles, & subject matter of classical Greece and Rome

• Classics led to humanism & secular ideas that went against the Church

• Medici family, who controlled banking system, were generous patrons to the artists

Printing Press (Johann Gutenberg)

Where did the Renaissance spread next?

• Renaissance ideas spread to Northern Europe, northern artists created distinctive works of art (realism)

• Shakespeare was most famous writer of Elizabethan Age

• Renaissance men (da Vinci & Michelangelo)use perspective to create three dimensions

• Thousands of books & pamphlets spread political, social, & artistic ideas (printing press- Johann Gutenberg)

How did the Protestant movement and Reformation begin?

• Martin Luther challenged Catholic Church’s authority / called for religious reforms

• Many left Catholic Church / started Protestant churches (Christian, but non-Catholic)

• King Henry VIII broke away from the Church & started Anglican Church (England)

• Catherine (devout Catholic) put England back under Pope / Elizabeth returned England to Protestantism

What effects did the Reformation have on the Catholic Church?

• Protestant groups separated into many denominations:

• Lutherans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Baptists, etc. • Catholic Church passed a series of reforms to

keep loyal followers (Council of Trent)• Catholic Church became more unified / monarchs

& nations gained more power• An intellectual movement set the stage for

Enlightenment