EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 1 Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP Ecodesign of EuP

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 1 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008

Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP

Ecodesign of EuP

Dedicated Water Heaters

EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDirectorate-general for Energy and TransportUnit D3, Energy Efficiency

Draft proposalNOx –Emission Limit Values

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008

Commission draft proposal

From 01/01/2013 Emissions of NOx from ..Water heaters ..shall be subject to the following limit (where applicable):

NOx; 20 ppm, except 40 ppm for products with at least 30% renewable input. This limit shall be after allowing for nitrogen already in the fuel (or when tested with nitrogen free fuel).”

Possible Variants (above remains the preferred option, IA study to advise):

• Raising the non renewables limit by around 25% to 25 ppm.• A limit of 70 mg/kW gas, 105mg/kW oil proposed by EHI• A delay of implementation limited to small (wall hung) oil boilers

2


Why same limits for WH and (combi-)boilers?

Principle:

• instantaneous combi (summer mode)= GIWH (or OIWH)*

• storage combi (summer mode) = GSWH (or OSWH)

Test method envisaged:

• Identical (steady state test at full load)

Urgency: GIWH and GSWH are today low-end market segments and contribute disproportionally to NOx. No technical reason for that and they can/should be upgraded to higher level, comparable to combi or even better.

Message: Rethink and upgrade GIWH and GSWH. They might well be (part of) the better alternative to the current combi concept.

GIWH= Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heater (OIWH is Oil-fired); GSWH= Gas-fired Storage Water Heater (OSWH is Oil-fired)


NOx limits: Misc. Proposals (in mg/kWh) NOx in mg/kWh,EC, EHI, OFTEC

35

70 70 70

105 105

70

120

195

120

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 EHI boilersGas/Oil

2013

OFTEC (UK) boilers: Oil2013/2018

EG: Gas2013

EG: Oil2013

2013 ‘18

<70 kW

>70 kW

<70 kW

>70 kW

= >30% share renewables Commission proposals in mg/kWh (20 ppm=ca. 35 mg/kWh)

EHI for WH: 200 mg/kWh

NGO: >50% renewables


Why NOx limits ?

• Ecodesign not just energy: gas-/oil/ electric boilers & WH contribute 10% to EU-NOx

• NOx important for smog, acidification (clean air) and plays a role in climate change (ozone) NEC directive, Stockholm Treaty, AAQ directive, etc.

• EU behind in legislation (California in front). If EU wants to compete globally, the legislation should reflect that.

• The proposed limits are ambitious (current best) but should be feasible throughout within 4-5 years with extra R&D (2013)

• CO safety limits are already in standards (but test standards should be updated asap!). No need to go further until new standards are there.

• NOx policy limits (in ppm) are 25 times more stringent than CO in EU Directives.(25 times “more important”)


NO2 in EU 2003

http://www.knmi.nl/~eskes/folkert/meteorologica_05.html


NO2 World 2003


NO2 China 2001

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 9 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 & 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

NOx: Fighting smog and acidification

14 kt SOx eq/ain 2020

193 kt SOx eq/a

in 2025

Realistic922

1056

Business as Usual

2020 202520101990

514631

102

665

223

961

1296+

936

555

[ EU-15 total in 2005: 10.945 kt SOx equivalent, from 9015 kt Nox (*0,7) and 4635 kt SO2] ]

Impact EU: Acidification (in kt SOx eq./a)


Why “NOx-bonus”? Why Nitrogen-free?

• NOx-bonus (+20 ppm) is consistent with system approach: Rating of the NOx of the whole boiler installation (including renewables).

• If the fossil-fuel fired boiler is just a back-up and may not even (or little) be used in normal operation, it is not advantageous for the environment nor economical for the user to require the most stringent limits.

• Nitrogen-free: The nitrogen in the fuel cause a substantial and often unavoidable part of the NOx emissions (ca. 28-35 mg/kWh). This is outside the scope of the boiler-design and manufacturers of boilers that use nitrogen-containing fuel are not responsible for that part of the NOx emissions. (e.g. compare “low-S”)


NOx formation: 3 types

Thermal NOpost-flame, high temperature

Prompt NOfuel-rich flame, low temperature

Fuel NOOxidation of N in fuel

Fuel NO not responsibility

of boiler industry


World NOx limits gas-fired boilers

NOx limits gas-fired boilers in mg/kWh

20 30 3560 70 70 70 72 80 80

108

343

102

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

mg/k

Wh

=also dedicated water heaters


World NOx limits oil-fired boilers

NOx limits oil-fired boilers in mg/kWh@140 mg N/kg oil

35

70 80105 110 120 120 120 124 126

343

223

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

mg/k

Wh

=also dedicated water heaters


EU Car emission limit values NOx and CO

NOx CO NOx COper mg/kWh mg/kWh mg/kWh mg/kWh

Euro 4 2005.01 417 833 133 1667

Euro 5* 2009.09 300 833 100 1667

Euro 6* 2014.09 133 833 100 1667

Diesel GasolineEU Emission Standards for Passenger Cars (Category M1*)

original values in g/km, converted at 0,6 kWh/km, based on average fuel consumption of 6,5 ltr./100 km, 36,4 MJ=10 kWh/ltr diesel, 32 MJ=9 kWh/ltr. gasoline. Euro 5/6 based on regulation 715/2007 (e.g. Euro 6 = 0,08 g Nox/km for diesel)


Compare cars NOx (in mg/kWh)

133100

70-105 35-

70

Euro 6 2014 EuP draft 2013

diesel gasoline diesel gaswith or without renewables

Explosion motor

Dynamic test

Combustion

Steady-state test

mg NOx/kWh mg NOx/kWh


Power plants NOx

LCP-directive* NOx-limits for new plants after 2003: Most gas turbines < 43 mg/kWh (ca. 25 ppm)Gas > 300 MW < 85 mg/kWh**; 50-300 MW <ca. 130 mg/kWh;Oil > 100 MW < 170 mg/kWh; 50-100 MW < 340 mg/kWh

2004 example: GE “Frame 9FB” gas-fired steam turbine (combined cycle) 412 MW, 58 % efficiency on NCV (lower heating value). Dry Low NOx2+ combustion system NOx emissions less than 43 mg/kWh. (=25 ppm, installation Milan(IT) 2004.)

*= Large Combustion Plants directive 2001/80/EC**=conversion 100 mg/m3 = 85 mg/kWh


Remember..

EU should be ahead!

Documents

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8.7.2008 1 Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP Ecodesign of EuP