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European Ambient Conditions
Excerpt of an earlier presentation
Henk Dekker
Evaluation of the suitability to European condition s of the WNTE control zone concept as set out in the
OCE GTR
Henk Dekker - TNOStefan Hausberger, Martin Rexeis - TUG
Patrik Soltic – EMPAHeinz Steven - TUEV Nord
10 October 2006
2
3
WNTE Evaluation
• European driving conditions
• European ambient conditions
• Evaluation WNTE control zone and alternative approaches
4
WNTE Ambient Conditions Proposal
• Measurements valid if– altitude < 1680 m above sea level– humidity between 7.14 and 10.71 g water per kg dry air.
Outside these conditions: correction factors for th e emissions.
– ambient temperature between 12 and approximately 35 °C (two options exist). Below 12 °C : correction facto rs, above about 35 °C correction factors (option A) or invali dity (option B)
5
Analysis of Ambient Conditions in Europe• Main alp-crossing transitions Brenner (1375 m), Fre jus (1312 m)
and Gotthard (1175 m ) lie below the proposed 1680 m
• Weather: Analysis of daily European weather station s data of the year 2005 (source: NOAA)
-20 -10 0 10 20 3035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
longitude [°]
latit
ude
[°]
altit
ude
[m.a
.s.l.
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
station altitude [m.a.s.l.]
num
ber
of s
tatio
ns
• Average daily temperature of all stations: 9.6 °C
6
Frequency Distribution of Temperature and Humidity
0 5 10 15-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
humidity [g/kg]
aver
age
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
WNTEzone
(total 20.4%)
dryzone
(total 2.5%)
wetzone
(total 18.5%)
coldzone
(total 11.4%)
hot zone(total 0%)
hot&dry zone
(total 0%)
hot&wet zone
(total 0%)
cold&dryzone
(total 47.2%)
cold&wetzone
(total 0%)
→→→→ Only 20.4% of average temperatures in 2005 lied wit hin the proposed WNTE conditions
7
Geographical Distribution of the Weather Conditions
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot&dry: T > 35°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :0.00016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot: T > 35°C & humidity 7.14...10.71 g/kg
total :0.00016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
hot&wet: T > 35°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :0.0016%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
dry: T 12...35°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :2.56%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
in WNTE ambient boundaries
total :20.4%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
wet: T 12...35°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :18.5%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold&dry: T < 12°C & humidity < 7.14 g/kg
total :47.2%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold: T < 12°C & humidity 7.14...10.71 g/kg
total :11.4%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30
40
50
60
70
Fre
quen
cy (
%)
longitude [°]
cold&wet: T < 12°C & humidity > 10.71 g/kg
total :0%
latit
ude
[°]
0
20
40
60
80
100
northern European and alpinecountries are often cold and dry
southern European countriesare often wet
8
Influence of Widening the Zone
minimum zone temperature [°C]
delta
hum
idity
ran
ge [
g/kg
]80
70
60
50
40
30
contour label: coverage of average 2005 daily conditions (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
current proposal
→→→→ If the minimum zone temperature would be lowered to 5°C and the humidity range would be widened by 3 g/kg, about 65 % of the average European conditions could be covered (inste ad of ~ 20% with the current proposal) without the use of corre ction factors.
Text in 06 series of amendments of regulation R49
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
9
R49r06 - Annex 8: Conformity of in-service engines or vehicles
4.2 Ambient conditions
The test shall be conducted under ambient conditions meeting
the following conditions:
Atmospheric pressure greater than or equal to 82,5 kPa,
Temperature greater than or equal to 266 K (– 7°C) and less
than or equal to the temperature determined by the following
equation at the specified atmospheric pressure:
T = – 0,4514 × (101,3 – pb) + 311
where:
— T is the ambient air temperature, K
— pb is the atmospheric pressure, kPa
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
10
R49r06 - Annex 8, appendix 1
A.1.3.4. NOx correction for humidity and temperature
The NOx concentrations measured by the PEMS shall not be
corrected for ambient air temperature and humidity.
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
11
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
12
Text in gtr No. 10 (OCE)
6. APPLICABLE AMBIENT AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
The WNTE emission limits shall apply at:
a)All atmospheric pressures greater than or equal to 82.5 kPa;
b)All temperatures less than or equal to the temperature determined by
equation 5 at the specified atmospheric pressure:
T = -0.4514 x (101.3 – pb) + 311 (5)
Where:
T is the ambient air temperature, K
pb is the atmospheric pressure, kPa
c)All engine coolant temperatures within the range of 343 K to 373 K
(70 °C to 100 °C)
Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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Henk DekkerEuropean Ambient Conditions
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