Europe in North America

Spain

• 1535, Charles V set up New Spain

– estab. Plantations that used N.A.’s and later Africans as slaves

– very profitable

– gives strong Sp. Influence in NA, and across to SW US

– cities LA, Santa Fe, and San Antonio begin as missions for Spanish Catholic Priests

France

• 1608, Samuel de Champlain followed the St. Lawrence River to set up Quebec

– Fr. Settlers survived mostly by trapping furs

– Fr. Catholic missionaries explored Great Lakes area and eventually found the Mississippi River (named Louisiana after King Louis XIV)

– French give strong influence to LA territory and Great Lakes region.

Netherlands

• 1626, Peter Minuit bought Manhatten Is. From local tribes (called settlement New Amsterdam)

• Dutch set up trading forts up and down the Hudson R.

• Experience years of fighting with the French for the fur trade

English

• 1588, Sir Walter Raleigh landed at Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina

• A colony was set up by John White

– He left behind 117 settlers when he returned to England and was held up by a war.

– 1590 he returned and colony was deserted – only the letters CROATOAN etched on a tree offered any clue

– no colonists were ever found.

Jamestown

• 1606, the VA Co gets permission from King James I to colonize the area between the Potomac and NC

• Joint Stock Co. (contributing members profit from the colony)

• VA Co hoped to find gold like the Spanish had.

• 1607, settlers settled up the James River

• suffered early on from diseases, starvation and poor leadership

• Capt. John Smith got them to start planting crops,

• Times still hard

– 1606-1609, only 150 out of 900 survived

• begin to grow tobacco and finally VA Co begins to see profits

• Native Americans and then Africans used for slave labor.

• By end of 1600’s VA planters totally reliant on slave labor

Jamestown begins representative government.

• 1619 the VA Co allowed settlers to elect burgesses to make laws for them to live by (to be expected by settlers from then on)

• 1624, James tires of the Rep Gov’t. sends soldiers and takes away their charter – Jamestown becomes a Royal Colony and all profits go to him

• 1619, 100 women brought to Jamestown. Helped to settle town down – cost 150 lbs. of tobacco if they found a wife!

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Two religious groups, Pilgrims and Puritans seek to get away from Catholic leadership of King James

Pilgrims

Puritans

Pilgrims• From a group called the separatists,

they had extreme views and suffered persecution and prosecution

• Try Holland, but not happy, return and form Plymouth Company. Ask to join VA co. in Virginia.

• 1619, they leave on leaky ship called the Mayflower

• Miss VA, and land off the coast of Massachusetts in 1620

• Before landing, they sign the “Mayflower Compact”, agreeing to abide by laws of their own making.

– Elected Wm. Bradford as governor

– Elected a representative government

William Bradford

• Show surprising prosperity

• Get along with local tribes

• By 1624, they bought out their financial backers

Pilgrims

Puritans

• Influential, but disliked by King James, and he was happy to give them a charter to form the MA Bay Colony

• Less radical than Pilgrims

• 1000 people and all their belongings (including livestock, tools, etc)

• land in Cape Ann (Salem), and eventually split up to Boston and Cambridge

• John Winthrop elected to head colony and company

John Winthrop

• Puritans quickly cut ties with England

• Allowed each congregation to run its own affairs

• No distinction between state and church

• 1640, General Court established – Winthrop in charge

– form of rep. gov’t.

– no toleration for different views

– different views forced to flee or be sent back to England (Tavern set up by Thomas Morton – sent back in chains)

Dissent within the colonies

• Some felt the church had too much power, or disagreed with the views of Winthrop

• Separatism viewed as dangerous to congregation (separation between church and state)

• 1640’s Roger Williams escapes from Mass and asks Eng. Parliament for a charter and Providence becomes a colony.

Irony of the Puritans

• Escaped the persecution of their rulers in England and established a more punitive and less tolerant colony in the new world.

Anne Hutchinson

Roger Williams

Cotton Mathers

• For Tuesday: Do a one page summary of chapter 3.

• 1.5 space (regular font, regular margins, etc.)

• Don’t write more than 1.5 pages!!!!