Europe

Current News and Weather Population and Settlement Beyond the Demographic Transition Religious Tension Geopolitical FrameworkResponse Papers due Today!For Next Class: Read Chapter 9Reminder: Exam III on April 3!

Slow growth

Complicated and problematic migration patterns

Very high level of urbanization• Industrial core

area

Population and Settlement

Low (or No) Natural Growth

Pro-Growth Policies

• Concerns about aging population– Labor shortages– Smaller internal markets– Declining tax revenues– Social services

• Measures– Bans on abortion and the sale of contraceptives– Pro-growth policies (e.g., paid leave for both parents, cash

subsidies, extensive child care)

Group Assignments

Why is there a need to add a Stage V to the Demographic Transition Model?What are the reasons for decline in total fertility rates?How is the ethnic composition of European countries changing?

Demographic Transition Model

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The Demographic Transition

Possible Reasons for Decline in Fertility Rates

Western EuropeIncreased access to and availability of birth controlWomen in the workforce

Eastern EuropeWomen in the workforceOverall decline in socioeconomic conditions in many countriesHousing shortage and crowded living conditionsUncertainty about the future – jobs, wages, food, and housing is scarce

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• Within Europe– Economic reasons– Refugees

• To Europe– Legal and illegal– Former colonies

Migration

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Schengen Agreement

Schengen Border Roma Mobility and Discrimination

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Guest Workers and Fortress Europe

Figure 8.2.1

Illegal migrants approachingthe Canary Islands

Czech Republic border station to Germany

Figure 8.16

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Cultural MosaicsFigure 8.20

• Linguistic Diversity

Figure 8.21Albania: Ethnic tension

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Cultural Mosaics

Figure 8.22

• Religious Diversity• Tension and violence

Figure 8.24Northern Ireland

Religious Tension in N. Ireland

Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain• 42% of the population is Roman Catholic• 54% of the population is Protestant

Catholics feel like they have been discriminated against by the Protestant majority and have been treated as second-class citizens• Catholics seek stronger tie to Republic of Ireland• Protestants have forged even stronger ties to the U.K.

Unfortunately, 4,000 deaths since the 1960s

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Geopolitical Framework

• Dense fabric of independent states

• Micro and ethnic nationalism

Figure 8.27

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Europe – The Balkans

Figure 8.31

• Complex mixture• Balkanization

Figure 8.32Kosovar refugees

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The EU and Economic Integration

Figure 8.36