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Europe and Russia
Central Question:
What factors were essential in establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?
Central QuestionWhat factors were essential in
establishing the dynasties, prosperous empires, and society’s in Europe and Russia?
Political:
Expansion and Dynastic Change in Russia
Emergence and goals of Muscovy (Russia)
Established political borders.
Debate over control of Russia.
Emerged out of turmoil.
Consolidating a powerful political order.
Territorial expansion and extension of commercial networks. Ivan 3 and successors, Peter the Great, Catherine the
Great.
Establishing an EmpireWeak principality of Muscovy expanded rapidly.
rate of about fifty miles per day.
Grew to occupy one-sixth of the earth’s land.
Expansion=security.
Expanded eastward and reached the Pacific.
MuscovyMuscovy sought to dominate near
Moscow.
Eventually became known as Russia.
Population: from 6 million-20 million
Ivan established legitimacy. Religious dimension.
Diversity
Ivan 3
Romanovs
Times of Trouble.
Still expanding.
1613, to reestablish central authority.
Under the Romanovs.
Tsars retained power until 1900s.
absolutist system of government
The Thirty Year’s WarPower, territory, trade, and control.
Protestant princes vs. The Habsburg Catholic emperor.
Catholic powers wanted more freedom.
Effected populations, economics, power, and independence
The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
Discussion QuestionsWhat do you think were the most successful
factors in establishing the powerful Russian
Empire?
Considering the result of the Thirty Years War,
did the war make sense for either of sides and
who benefited mostly from this war?
Economic change in Russia and Europe
Economic changes in Russia
Colonization
Expansion
Agriculture and isolation
Trade routes
Economic changes in Europe
Thirty Years’ war
Cost of war
Dutch shipping and finance
Dutch Decline
Economic changer in Europe continued
England and France
Agriculture in England and France
European countryside
Mercantilist WarsControl of trade
Navies
Trade in the Americas
French and Indian War
Discussion QuestionsWhat do you think the Dutch could have done
to maintain control over the Atlantic trade?
Why was it necessary for Russia to expand to as much as it did, and if it had not expanded would Russia still be as powerful a country as it is today?
What action could have been taken to prevent the French and Indian?
Social Aspect of Europe and Russia
Russian Social ChangeEurope or Asia?
Muscovy -> Russian Empire
1/6 of Earths land
Romanovs came in: Absolutist System Moscow was under the power of the tsar Outside was unlimited aristocrat power, under
the consent of the king Communes for peasants
Siberia1649- peasants became serf
Left to Siberia
Siberia 90% of 200,000 were indigenes By 1750 the Slavs almost
matched that Old Believers, and Dangerous
Politicians went also Great Siberian Post Road 1770
was the way back to Moscow Prison Land
French Social Change Took on Absolutist Government style
All patronage had consent from the
King
Strict Anglican religion practice
Not followed
Disapproval of government was
circulated across the country through
pamphlets and papers
English Social ChangeQueen Elizabeth took control
Civil War broke out broke out under her successors
monarchy fell
Monarchy came back 1660, but religious freedom was stressed
Glorious Revolution Outcome – Parliament and King/Queen would work in unity
Primary Source"Sir, I do myself the Honour of
acquainting you that it has pleased God to crown His Majesty's Arms with Success over all His Enemies upon the Ohio, by my having obliged the Enemy to burn and abandon Fort DuQuesne, which they effectuated on the 25th, and of which I took possession next day, the Enemy having made their Escape down the River towards the Mississippi in their Boats, being abandoned by their Indians, whom I had previously engaged to leave them, and who now seem all willing and ready to implore His Majesty's most Gracious Protection. …I have used the freedom of giving your name to Fort DuQuesne, as I hope it was in some measure the being actuated by your spirits that now makes us Masters of the place. …"(Letter from General John Forbes to British Prime Minister William Pitt, dated 27th November 1758)
Bibliography
Works CitedTignor, Robert L. "Chapter 12, Transformation of Europe." Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: a History of the World from the Mongol Empire to the Present. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008. 586-94. Print.
"A Day in the Life of Louis XIV - Palace of Versailles." En.chateauversailles.fr. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://en.chateauversailles.fr/history/versailles-during-the-centuries/living-at-the-court/a-day-in-the-life-of-louis-xiv>.
LaHaye, Laura. "Mercantilism." Library of Economics and Liberty. Liberty Fund, Inc., 2008. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html>.