Europe 3 Industrial Revolution 97

8/8/2019 Europe 3 Industrial Revolution 97

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The IndustrialRevolution, 1700-1900

Europe 3


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Pre Industrial Society


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Traditional orPre-Industrial Society

I. Farming in the Middle Ages

A. Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)

B. One of three fields left fallow (empty) to regain fertility

II. Disadvantages

A. Land use inefficient

B. Farmers did not experiment with new farming methods

III. Forces for Change

A. Population growing more food needed

B. French Blockade- no corn meant more food was needed


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AgriculturalRevolution


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The Agricultural RevolutionI. Enclosure movement

A. Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures andexperimented with new farming technology

B. Villages lost common lands and political power

II. Crop Rotation

A. Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished byplanting different crops

B. Fields not left inefficiently fallow

III. Other Discoveries

A. Seed drill planted seeds efficientlyB. New crops: corn and potato

IV. Results of Agricultural Revolution

A. More food available

B. Population increased


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Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism


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Cottage industry and Early Capitalism

I. Mercantilism and Rising DemandA. Economic Theory-: export more than you import, must limit trade to keep country

self-sufficient

B. Drawbacks: expansion of the economy is limited, consumers choices are limited

II. Merchants Role in Cottage Industry

A. Supplied materials wool and cotton- to cottages to be spun and carded

B. Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell

finished cloth

C. Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit+ larger

investment= higher profit

III. Capitalism

A. An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit

B. Cottage industry is form of early capitalism

C. Laissez faire economics- the market should be governed by supply and demand

IV. Effects of the Cottage Industry

A. Big profits for merchants

B. Alternative source of income for peasants


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The Textile Industry and Factory System


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The Textile Industry and Factory System

I. Textile Industry Invented

A. Cottage industry couldnt keep up with demand for textiles

B. Spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule improved spinning

C. Power loom sped up weaving

D. Cotton Gin separated seeds from cotton

II. Rise of the Factory

A. New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories

B. Factories located near power source, coal, iron, water

C. Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produceditems

III. Effects of Textile Factories in Britain

A. Textile industry increased

B. Many villagers forced to leave home and find work in factories incities


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Steam Engine: Energy for the Revolution


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Steam Engine: Energy for the

Industrial RevolutionI. The need for Energy

A. Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills

B. Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need forpower

II. How the Steam Engine Works

A. Steam forced from high to lower pressure produces power

III. Effect of Steam Engine

A. Steam power, used where ever coal was produced, increasedtextile production

B. Improved mining which increased metals which in turnfueled other industries


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Iron and Coal: Energy for Revolution


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Iron and Coal: Energy for the

Industrial Revolution

I. The need for Iron

A. Farming tools, new factory machines, railways

B. Steel Bessemer Process- Smelting makes iron more pure,

but requires carbon

II. The need for Coal

A. Sources of carbon (charcoal and timber) necessary forsmelting iron become scarce

B. Steam engines developed were powered by coalIII. Effect of Iron and Coal

A. Britain produced more iron than all other countries of theworld combined

B. Coal powered the enormous British Navy


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Transportation


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Transportation

I. The Need for Better Transportation

A. Increased production increased the need to transport goods quickly and

cheaply

B. Pre-industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads

II. InventionsA. Stone and eventually asphalt roads

B. Canals

C. Railroad era and the Rocketin 1829

III. Effects of RailroadsA. Expanded rapidly throughout Britain

B. Cheaper transportation increased production and profits

C. Fueled other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many

manufactured products


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Why Britain?


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Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution

I. GeographyA. Climate good for textile production

B. Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal

C. Separation from Europe kept them out of small wars

II. Government

A. Internal trade encouraged

B. Population was allowed to relocate

C. Helped build canals and roads

III. Social Factors

A. British society less rigid than other European Countries

IV. Colonial Empire

A. Supplies raw materials for manufactured goodsB. Provided markets for goods

V. Advantages of Industrializing First

A. No other countries competing to produce and sell manufactured goods

B. Monopoly on technology

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Europe 3 Industrial Revolution 97