Eurofish Magazine 5 2011

Octob

er 5 / 2011 E

urofish Magazine

is a member of the FISH INFO network

Germany supports reform of CFP

Successful Polish trials to restock the Baltic Sea with sturgeon

www.eurofi shmagazine.com ISSN 1868-5943 October 5 / 2011 C 44346

FAO to collaborate with North Atlantic Seafood Forum

New auction coming to Tulcea on the Danube Delta

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Octob

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urofish Magazine


Germany: Widespread support for reform of CFP




New auction coming to Tulcea on the

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www.eurofishmagazine.com Eurofish Magazine 5/ 2011 3

In this issue

Polish fish farmers experiment with modern technology and

new speciesPoland – Aquaculture in Poland is not only a means to supply the Polish market with fish, but also has a very important role to play in the restocking of various inland waters as well as the Baltic Sea. Common carp is the dominant farmed species, followed by rainbow trout. Other freshwater species are also produced, usually in polyculture with carp. Polish farmers are farming a number of new species and are also exper-imenting with modern technology such as recirculation systems on a large scale. Read more on page 41

Romania – With help from the European Fisheries Fund the Romanian government is planning several infrastructure projects along the country’s Black Sea coast. These include the building of landing sites and storage facilities as well as a new port at Midia and an auction in Tulcea. For the first time a market survey has been commissioned to study Romanian fish and seafood consumers and to analyse their habits. Taken together these efforts will result in more fish being landed at proper landing sites, where they can be placed in storage, more fish going through the official system, and a better understanding of consumer tastes and preferences. Read more on page 19

Germany – With a mere 2.1% of all EU fishing vessels and a catch volume of about 5% of the total EU catch, Germany is not in the major league of European fisheries nations. However, about 41,000 people work in the industry including the fishing sector, catering, wholesale and retail, inland fisheries, pro-cessing, and aquaculture, accounting for sales worth about EUR6bn annually. And the fisheries sector plays a disproportionately important role in the economic, social, and cultural life of communities along the coast and along inland water bodies. Germany has been a strong supporter of the Common Fisheries Policy Reform, which it feels must put sustainability at the top of the agenda, so that commu-nities that are dependent on the fisheries sector can continue to thrive in the future. A ban on discards is supported by the government, but is unpopular with the industry, as is the introduction of surveillance cameras on board fishing vessels. Read more on page 37

Aquaculture – In the fourth chapter of A Guide to Recirculation Aquaculture that is being serialised in the Eurofish Magazine, the author, Jacob Bregnballe, describes the practical details to be taken into account before actually launching a fish farming project. These include the selection of the fish to be farmed based on the price and demand, the identification of the site and the technology, finding the workforce and a competent manager, and last but definitely not least, arranging the finance. A business plan will give an overview of the whole project including budgets and finance. The production plan, on the other hand, is the basic working document that shows how to achieve a certain output. This has to be revised regularly as the fish may under-perform or over-perform resulting in lower or higher production. Read more on page 58

Temperature-controlled transport chain – Foodstuffs generally need to be kept at a certain tempera-ture to maintain their shelf-life. In addition, there are legal requirements that the temperature is moni-tored and recorded at each transfer point and that a continuous history of the product’s temperature is maintained. TTIs (Time Temperature Indicators) are a simple and robust solution to show whether a product has been kept at the desired temperature. Pigments, wax, polymers, enzymes and microorgan-isms are some of the materials on which different TTIs are based. Another solution for maintaining a record of product temperature throughout the transportation chain is the data logger. Although more expensive than TTIs, data loggers maintain a continuous record of the temperature and can send a warning to a remote operator if the set temperature is exceeded. Read more in Dr Manfred Klinkhardt’s article from page 49

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4 Eurofi sh Magazine 5/ 2011

Table of ContentsNews 6 International News

Events 14 North Atlantic Seafood Forum, 6-8 March 2012, Oslo, Norway

16 Seafood Barcelona, autumn 2012, Barcelona, Spain

17 China Fisheries and Seafood Expo, 1-3 November 2011, Qingdao, China

18 fi sh international, 12-14 February 2012, Bremen, Germany

Romania

19 Romania is investing in infrastructureNew landing sites, storage facilities to come up along the coast

25 S.C. Miadmar HDP srl manufactures without using additivesFrozen pike-perch and perch fi llets for Germany and Switzerland

29 S.C. Pirania srl has benefi ted from EU funding programmesFarmed freshwater fi sh supplied live to the Romanian market

31 Doripesco plans to expand its distributionTraditional fi sh products soon to be available nation-wide

34 S.C. Costiana srl makes distribution more effi cientAn old company fi nds new ways to sell seafood products

Germany

37 Germany supports Common Fisheries Policy reformAchievements in stock management must be expanded

Poland

41 Polish aquaculture and lake fi shing at the beginning of the 21st centuryRecirculation technology establishes itself in Poland

47 Recovery of Baltic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill in PolandSturgeon restocking programme gives positive results

Catches of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus spawners in the St. John river (Canada).

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Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011 5

Table of ContentsProcessing 49 Technical options for controlling the cold chain

Adequate cooling ensures quality and freshness

Fraud

52 Fraud in the seafood trade Importance of pre-shipment inspection

Technology

54 Software sends feedback to mangers to optimise production Baader closely integrates hardware and software to improve productivity

55 Dybvad Stål Industri makes high-quality plate freezers User-friendly design and robust construction

Trade and markets 56 Promotion campaigns for bivalves likely to increase demand

Consuming bivalves has numerous health benefits

Aquaculture 58 Guide to Recirculation Aquaculture

Chapter Four: Project planning and implementation

Fish Info Network News 61 News 61 Publications

Guest Pages 64 Tomasz Kulikowski, Chairman, Polish Fish Market Development

Association “Systematically educating the young about nutrition will engender an interest in fish”

Service 63 Diary Dates 66 Imprint, List of Advertisers

Worldwide Fish News

Belgium page 9

Denmark page 9

Germany pages 6, 8, 12, 37-40

India page 12

Italy pages 6, 9

Norway page 10

Poland pages 41-48

Romania pages 19-36

Switzerland page 10

Turkey pages 6, 8, 10

UK page 11

USA page 11

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6 Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011 www.euro� shmagazine.com

[ NEWS INTERNATIONAL ]NEWS INTERNATIONAL[ NEWS INTERNATIONAL ]

Italy: Mediterranean Seafood Exposition in Rimini is the way to the Italian market

Germany: Salmco wins big order from Baltic customer at Brussels Seafood fair

Fish and seafood imports to Italy reached almost EUR4bn in 2010, an increase of 10.8 compared with 2009, while exports grew 4 to EUR520m. Each of Italy’s roughly 60m people consumes about 24.7 kg of � shery products per year. � is is more than the annual EU average of 22.3 kg/cap-ita. Domestic production in Italy in 2007 was only 467,631 tonnes, so the balance comes from imports. � e need to import � sh represents an opportunity for foreign pro-ducers that the organisers, Rimini Fiera, of the Mediterranean Sea-food Exposition in Rimini are seek-ing to exploit. � e event covers the entire � sh production process,

from fresh to frozen products, as well as technology, equipment, and processing methods. � e fair will be held from 25 to 28 Febru-ary 2012 and will be held together with events for frozen food, wine, and other foodstu� s, that will bring thousands of representatives from the international food trade to Rimini for these four days. In addi-tion to displays of the latest devel-opments in the � sh and seafood sector, the MSE will include a num-ber of seminars and workshops that are expected to attract repre-sentatives from major trade asso-ciations and institutions to discuss common issues and to promote the � sh and seafood sector.

At the ESE / SPE 2011 in Brus-sels Salmco Technology, Ham-burg received the largest single order it has ever had in its 27-year history. The contract was initially for six double lane SM 5418 slicers. Then, to achieve the planned capacity expansion more effectively and faster the order was increased and a further two machines added. The customer from the Baltic States who has been working efficiently with six double lane Salmco SM 5418 slicers for several years will receive the additional new eight machines at the end of October.In close cooperation between

Salmco and their customer the machines were modified so that they can be integrated seamlessly into the company’s sophisticated salmon process-ing. Adjustments were made to optimise automatic picking and packing and vacuum packag-ing and thereby significantly increase profitability. Salmco increased its qualified staff to ensure that despite full order books the eight machines can all be fitted in one go in Sep-tember and October. If every-thing goes according to plan they will be installed and ready for operation at the beginning of November 2011.

The Mediterranean Seafood Exposition in Rimini on 25-28 February 2012 will once again be held together with � ve other food and drink events.

The � nal assembly of the eight SM 5418 slicers is on schedule for delivery early in November 2011.

Turkey: New regulations to increase minimum catch sizes for bluefi sh, grouper

Mr Mehdi Eker, the Turkish min-ister for Food Agriculture and Livestock has said that the mini-mum catch sizes of blue� sh and grouper will be increased from 14 to 20 cm and from 30 to 45 cm for blue� sh and grouper respec-tively, reports the Hurriyet Daily

News. � e regulations are being tightened in response to a cam-paign by Greenpeace to demand higher minimum catch sizes for certain species. � e new catch sizes were, however, not endorsed by the NGO, who said in a state-ment that the minimum size for

blue� sh should be 25 cm not 20 cm, as most blue� sh start repro-ducing when they are 24-25 cm. � e organisation was also critical as the new regulations do nothing for turbot, which is also threat-ened. � e minister said that the regulation meant that blue� sh

below 20 cm would not be caught and if necessary a second step would be taken. “We need to pre-serve all kinds of � sh and save them for the next generation,” he added. To enrich the waters around Turkey 5.2 million fry had been released in the water in 2010.

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Germany: New plastic packaging offers the benefi ts of metal cans with added fl exibility

Turkey: Turkish fi sheries and aquaculture sector to exhibit in force at Future Fish

Gourmet canned � sh manufacturer Appel is selling a new line of products in PermaSafe packaging supplied by Weidenhammer Plastic Packaging (WPP), the plastics division of the Weidenhammer Packaging Group.

Three quarters of the space at Future Fish Eurasia 2012 is already sold out. The event will be held 7-9 June 2012 at the Izmir International Fair Centre in Izmir, Turkey.

A new type of packaging from Weidenhammer Plastic Pack-aging, the plastics division of the Weidenhammer Packaging Group, combines the airtight effect of metal packaging with an easy-open, peel-off, and re-sealable lid. The new packaging, called PermaSafe, is also micro-waveable so that the contents can be served either hot or cold. Appel, a manufacturer of high quality canned fish, is using the new packaging for its latest line of “Snacks & Salads” products. Six varieties of these products as well as four gourmet her-ring fillet specialities have been released this summer. The new packaging combines in-mould labelling with embossing to give the container a high-quality look and feel. Appel cooks the snack foods in the containers at a temperature of around 121°C to guarantee a twelve-month

shelf life. The containers and in-mould labels withstand the cooking process without any damage. After cooking, a re-sealable lid is attached with an adhesive label listing the best-before date. For Weiden-hammer the endorsement from Appel is welcome as it shows the new packaging can also be used for sensitive items like fish and is thus a real alternative to conventional metal packag-ing. A number of solutions for barrier packaging are currently being proposed for the market. But unlike PermaSafe, these products are still on the drawing board and have yet to be seen on supermarket shelves. Founded in Hockenheim, Germany in 1955 the Weidenhammer Pack-aging Group has 12 produc-tion sites, 1,000 employees and projected annual sales of over €220 million in 2011.

Future Fish Eurasia, the Turkish show for the � sheries and aqua-culture sector, will be held at the Izmir International Fair Centre, 7-9 June 2012. � e fair showcases farmed and capture production, processed products, and equip-ment for the sector, and is the place to meet a cross section of the industry and gain a foothold in the rapidly growing Turkish mar-ket. Turkish � shery production increased by 4.83 in 2010 to reach 653 thousand tonnes, according to a report from the Turkish Statisti-cal Institute. � is includes capture � sh and other products (485,939 tonnes), and farmed � sh (167,141 tonnes). Aquaculture produc-tion can be further divided into marine (53) and freshwater (47). � e main farmed freshwa-ter species is trout, while seabass and seabream are the primary farmed marine � sh. Farmed � sh production increased by 5.3 in

2010. Turkey is surrounded by four seas, the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea, but the � sh-ery in the Black Sea is responsible for more than 75 of the capture production. Despite this, Future Fish Eurasia, after consulting with the industry, moved the event from Istanbul to Izmir. Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey after Istanbul and the national capi-tal Ankara. It is also close to the major marine � sh farming areas in the Aegean Sea. � e move to Izmir was a success, says Levent Akdogan, the organiser of Future Fish Eurasia, the number of visi-tors increased by 32 compared to the last edition in Istanbul, and the number of exhibitors and stand space also went up. For the 2012 event 75 of the booth space has already been taken, and 91 of the last event’s exhibitors have rebooked their stands.

[ NEWS INTERNATIONAL ]

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www.euro� shmagazine.com Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011 9


Italy: FAO initiates discussion on voluntary guidelines to secure small-scale fi sheries

Belgium: Commission proposes fi shing opportunities in the Baltic Sea

� e European Commission has tabled its proposals on � shing opportunites in the Baltic Sea. � ese entail increases in the TACs (Total Allowable Catches) for both stocks of Baltic cod and for two stocks of herring (West-ern and the Gulf of Bothnia), however TAC’s for other species have been decreased sharply. � ese include the central and Gulf of Riga herring stocks,

the TACs of which have been reduced by 33 and 21 respec-tively. � e TAC for Baltic salmon has been reduced by 80 in the main basin and by almost 30 in the Gulf of Finland stock. � e TAC for sprat goes down by 26 to 213,110 tonnes and because of the lack of data on the size of the plaice stock, the pro-posal is for a 25 reduction in the TAC in accordance with the

precautionary principle until more data has been collected. � e proposals will be discussed at the Fisheries Council (of � sheries ministers) in October before a � nal decision is taken. Environmental organisation Oceana has criticed the propos-als for being too timid. In a press release the organisation said that the Commission has not fully followed its own commit-

ment to apply a 25 precaution-ary reduction for stocks where data is lacking. Commending the Commission for reducing TACs on some stocks to allow them to recover, Oceana said that spe-cies such as seatrout, brill, dab, � ounder, and turbot still lack a proposal for a TAC, despite scienti� c recommendations to restrict � shing for seatrout and freeze catches for brill and dab.

A recent discussion paper by the FAO on developing voluntary guideline to secure sustainable small-scale � sheries presented some interesting facts on the sector. Small-scale � sheries are

estimated to contribute almost one half (46) of global marine and freshwater catches, a � gure that goes up to 54 in developing countries. When considering � sh for human consumption

small-scale � shers are responsi-ble for two thirds of all catches. Small-scale � shers make up 90 of the approximately 35m capture � shers in the world and the sector supports a further 85m people in

ancillary jobs such as processing distribution and marketing. About half the people involved in the sector are women and it is a vital source of nutrition, income gener-ation, and food for local markets.

Denmark: Anglers can now buy fi shing licenses with mobile telephones

In Denmark anglers between the age of 18 and 65 are required by law to have a license to � sh. � e Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries has made it easier to acquire a license by enabling anglers to purchase it with their mobile telephones by going to a website www.m.� sketegn.dk.� e new site not only allows

anglers to buy a license, but can also show them whether they are � shing in an area where angling is permitted. � e angler can see his position on a map, which shows him whether he is in a no-� shing zone. To do this, however, the telephone needs to have a Global Positioning System (GPS). � e newly launched website is also a

source of useful information for the angler. Here he can see when the closed seasons are for di� er-ent species as well as what the minimum catch sizes are. � ere is also information including pic-tures, identifying characteristics, and catching methods for the dif-ferent � sh in Danish waters. Ille-gal � sheries can also be reported

on the website. Last year about 200,000 anglers bought licenses in Denmark. In addition there are tourists who like to � sh. � e website gives them an easy and � exible means to buy a license as well as inform them about where and when they may � sh. � e website is in Danish, German, and English.

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www.euro� shmagazine.com10 Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011


Switzerland: Novartis Animal Health signifi cantly expands vaccine R&D centre

� ree new salmon research reports from No� ma show that we still know too little about the interaction between farmed and wild salmon. In one of the reports Solveig van Nes, senior scientist, led a team of researchers to review the factual basis of interactions between farmed and wild salmon as it applies to salmon lice. Among her conclusions is that salmon lice can be fatal for individual salmon smolts, but there is no documented scienti� c evidence that lice alone can reduce entire stocks of wild salmon. Another report about the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild

salmon populations, Celeste Jacq, scientist, says that knowledge of di� erent wild salmon popula-tions, their size, the area they cover, and the importance of local adaptation is necessary before any conclusions can be reached about escaped farmed salmon’s in� uence on these aspects. In the third report Lilli-Heidi Johansen, scientist, managed an interdis-ciplinary team of scientists from No� ma, the Norwegian Veteri-nary Institute, and the Institute of Marine Research who studied what is known about pathogen transfer between farmed and wild � sh. � e researchers concluded

Norway: Interaction between farmed and wild salmon needs more study

Turkey: Fishing season opens again on 1 September amid controversy

Turkish fishers were out in their boats for the first time after the closed season ended on 1 September, reports Hur-riyet Daily News. The ban on fishing prevents large fishing vessels from operating in Turk-ish waters and is not without controversy. Originally extend-ing from 1 April to 1 September, the start of the ban was post-poned till 15 April to accom-modate large fishing interests. Environmental groups want the ban extended to 1 October say-ing that the period from April to October is the crucial time

when the fish lay their eggs. Bayram Öztürk, the chairman of the Turkish Marine Research Foundation and a professor of fish biology at Istanbul Univer-sity, says the original ban must be reinstated if not extended to 1 October to allow the fish to breed and secure the stocks for the future. Fish resources are under pressure because of overfishing and a large fishing fleet and permitting catches in September while the fish are still carrying eggs exhausts the stocks even more rapidly, says Greenpeace.

Novartis Animal Health (NAH) has announced a USD2.8m expansion of its Centre for Aqua Research & Development on Prince Edward Island (PEI), Can-ada. Construction has already begun on the facility, which will add a new state-of-the-art labora-tory and o� ce space to support the continued growth of the aquaculture R&D programmes at the centre. � e PEI facility is the company’s global centre for vac-cines to prevent viral and bacterial diseases in farmed � sh. NAH has developed and licensed vaccines for infectious salmon anaemia

virus and infectious hemato-poietic necrosis virus, which are deadly to salmon and � nancially damaging to � sh farmers. Today, NAH o� ers a broad range of sal-monid vaccines as well as prod-ucts to control sea lice. � e com-pany has also decided to dedicate resources to support the recently established Sea Lice Research Centre (SLRC) in Bergen, Norway. Novartis Animal Health is working together with industry partners including Marine Harvest, Lerøy Seafood Group, EWOS Innova-tion, and Patogen Analyse AS in the battle against this parasite.

While small-scale � sheries play a signi� cant role in poverty alle-viation and food security, a con-ference on the subject in 2008 concluded that the sector was yet to realise its potential to signi� -cantly contribute to sustainable development. � e FAO � sheries

and Aquaculture Department together with several partners is now formulating a set of interna-tional guidelines for securing sus-tainable small-scale � sheries. � e guidelines will be voluntary and will contribute to policy formula-tion at national and regional levels

and both the � nal product and the process are expected to have a favourable in� uence on securing small-scale � sheries and creat-ing bene� ts. � e objectives of the guidelines are to give advice and recommendations, establish prin-ciples, and provide information

for national and local govern-ments, and other stakeholders. Developing the guidelines follows a detailed consultative process and the � nal draft guidelines will be presented for adoption at the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) meeting in July 2014.

that there is little or no documen-tary evidence for the transfer of pathogens between farmed and wild � sh, though it is probable that some transfer occurs. � e team also established that little is known

about naturally occurring patho-gens in wild � sh populations. � e studies were commissioned by the Fishery and Aquaculture Industry Research Fund, which is � nanced by a levee on exports.

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UK: Scottish Salmon Company begins exports to Russia

USA: New president at Merck Animal Health

The Scottish Salmon Company, formerly Lighthouse Caledonia, is supplying salmon to Russia in a deal that will see the comany’s salmon from Loch Fyne appear-ing in top Moscow restaurants,

reports FIS.com. The first ship-ment of fresh, whole salmon was delivered in August. The agree-ment to supply the salmon was finally signed after protracted negotiations over logistics and

licences. Stewart McLelland, Chief Operating Officer, said that Russia was one of the fast-est growing markets for salmon and that exports to Russia could amount to 5 of export sales.

The company produces more than 20,000 tonnes per year, over 20 per cent of the total Scot-tish production, and is already exporting to the US, Japan, France, and the Middle East.

Richard R. DeLuca Jr., a former executive at Becton Dickinson and Wyeth, has been appointed executive vice president and president of Merck Animal Health as of 15 September 2011. Mr DeLuca will succeed Raul Kohan, who has decided to retire from the company, but will remain until the end

of the year to ensure a smooth transition. As leader Deluca will use the strong product portfolio and customer focus to grow the business interna-tionally including in emerging markets. Merck Animal Health offers a wide range of veterinary pharmaceuticals, vaccines and health management solutions

and services to veterinarians, farmers, pet owners and gov-ernments. The company, a business unit of Merck that integrates Intervet and Scher-ing-Plough Animal Health, already has a substantial inter-national presence. Kenneth C. Frazier, the president of Merck, expects Mr Deluca to build on

this as it represents a significant long-term growth opportunity. The animal health portfolio includes ruminants, swine, poultry, horses and aquatic ani-mals. Among its products for aquatic animals are vaccines, antibiotics for a wide range of species and sea lice treatment for salmon.

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[ NEWS INTERNATIONAL ]

India: Strong growth in seafood exports sets ambitious target for next year

Indian exports of seafood increased by 33.17 to reach USD2.8bn in the 2010-2011 financial year. The strong per-formance has prompted the Marine Products Export Devel-opment Authority (MPEDA) to set a target of USD4bn for 2011-2012. In terms of volume seafood exports amounted to 807,000 tonnes an increase of 18.96 over the previous year. The growth in exports defied

unstable economic and political conditions in key markets in the EU, the US and the Middle East. The EU continued to be the larg-est market absorbing 26.66 of the total value, followed by S.E. Asia (16.42), China (15.41), and the US (15.35). Export per-formance to the US was particu-larly impressive with value more than doubling to USD437.24m. Japan and the Middle East were the other important markets.

The major export earner is fro-zen shrimp which accounted for 44.26 of the total export value. Frozen shrimp exports increased by 15.4 in quantity to 150,662 tonnes and by 42.36 in value to USD1257m. Frozen fish is the second largest export item in value and the largest in vol-umes. This category increased by 18.46 in quantity and 34.28 in value and accounted for 20.38 of the total export value

or USD578.69m. Frozen squid and frozen cuttlefish are the two other major export items. Both showed solid growth in value terms compared to the previous year, frozen squid was up 66.87 and frozen cuttlefish 23.85. However cuttlefish landings were poor this year especially on the west coast which con-tributed to a 7.57 decline in exported volumes to 58,694 tonnes.

June 3 / 2011

Eurofish M

agazine


Poland: Carp promotion campaign draws support from children

Croatia: Organically-farmed seabass and seabream for western marketsAmbitious plans to expand trout production

in Turkey

www.eurofi shmagazine.com

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June 3 / 2011 C 44346

EU

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can you afford to wait another 3 years?

The Exhibition, which incorporates the 3rd Icelandic Fisheries

Awards, covers everything for the commercial fishing industry

including the chance to network with customers and

colleagues and friends old and new

* 2008 figures

For further information contact: Marianne Rasmussen-Coulling

tel: +44 (0)1329 825335 email: [email protected]

Icefish is a Mercator Media event

The Old Mill, Lower Quay, Fareham, Hampshire PO16 0RA

Tel: +44 (0)1329 825335 www.mercatormedia.com

Official Freight Carrier

Organiser

Official International Publication

Official Icelandic Publication

Official airline/air cargo handler

& hotel chain

_Icefish 184 x 275_27-04-11_Icefish 27/04/2011 16:02 Page 1

High Pressure Processing: Higher yields from shellfi sh

Antalya Balik

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26/05/11 12:42 PM

“Our cover story in the Eurofish Magazine brought an instant and very favourable response. We look forward to working with Eurofish Magazine again in the future.” Mr M. Zafer Erel, CEO, Antalya Balik, Turkey

Contact Eurofish: Ms A. Petersen on +45 33377763, [email protected] Mr E. Preuss on +49 (0) 4149 8020, [email protected]

Germany: Multivac sealing application without modifi ed atmosphere

Multivac’s new Smart Sealing concept opti-mises machine sequences and uses new die technology to increase machine output while reducing running costs and the use of resources. � e sealing application is intended for customers who need a single seal without modi� ed atmosphere for their tray packaged products and is currently being o� ered for the single lane T 700 traysealer. � e new concept is more e� cient for a number of reasons. As the modi� ed atmosphere process sequence is not required it no longer limited the reduc-tion in cycle times. In addition the utilisation of the die length was optimised and the num-ber of trays per cycle increased, both of which contributed to an increase in output. � e seal-ing is assisted by the electric die lifting unit. Compressed air is no longer required for the sealing process. Similarly there is no cooling water required any longer for the cooling of the sealing die, since the heat is discharged in a controlled manner. � ese changes result in high performance. � e Smart Sealing concept enables a machine performance that is twice as fast as the standards T 700. Multivac’s Smart Sealing concept combines increased output with reduced running costs.

04_News_INT.indd 12 19/09/11 6:51 PM

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14 Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011 www.eurofishmagazine.com

[ EvEnts ]

FAO Fisheries and Aquacul-ture Policy and Economics Division has announced

the decision to enter into a semi-nar partnership with the North Atlantic Seafood Forum confer-ence in Oslo (NASF) .

FAO`s Senior Fisheries Indus-try Officer, Dr Audun Lem con-firms: “FAO has for some time been looking for well established arenas within the seafood indus-try to present our global activi-ties. We are happy to commence this seminar cooperation with NASF. This arrangement was approved by our Director Gen-eral in July and we will now take active steps to develop a special FAO NASF platform for address-ing industry issues within the context of the mandate given us by FAO member countries.

In fact, our governing bodies have underlined the importance of a stronger relationship with all the stakeholders in the seafood value-chain.”

The FAO NASF seminar 2012 will have a number of special themes and developments which will broaden the scope of the NASF events. The FAO and NASF coop-eration will consist of a special full day seminar at NASF 2012 with focus on the key FAO policy issues and initiatives including the FAO Code of Conduct for Respon-sible Fisheries, IUU fisheries, cer-tification, and sustainability. In addition, two half-day seminar streams will be presented on the white fish and pelagic sectors in cooperation with leading seafood companies and institutions in each sector.

FAO and North Atlantic Seafood Forum enter into partnership

North Atlantic Seafood Forum, 6-8 March 2012, Oslo, Norway

NASF is the world’s largest seafood business conference and a leading meeting place for top seafood executives attracting some 500 top executive delegates from 300 firms and 30 countries every year. The 7th NASF conference will take place in Oslo on 6-8 March 2012.

Focus on Africa at FAO NASF seminar

FAO has also taken another significant initiative. Explains Dr. Lem: “At NASF 2012 FAO will focus on Africa. We will invite top policy makers as well as leading industry players from four African nations in Southern and Western Africa where a broad fishing and aquaculture development is tak-ing place. FAO plans to present two major themes: African export opportunities and market access into Europe; and inward invest-ments and financing of the fish-eries and aquaculture industries in Africa. With a good number of fisheries ministers, policy makers and industry stakehold-ers present at NASF 2012, we are confident that our friends from Africa will find the NASF busi-ness arena to be of much interest. Moreover NASF is also a leading seafood investor seminar and get-ting access to all these high level investors is also very important.” Managing Director of the NASF Conference Jorgen J. Lund is delighted. He says: “FAO`s partici-pation at the NASF conference will attract interest and attention from seafood firms and countries all over the world. This engagement will solidify NASF’s position as a leading fisheries and aquaculture business arena. We warmly welcome FAO and their African seafood policy and industry delegates to the 7th NASF Conference next March.”

At NASF, Pareto Securities is organizing a leading seafood finance and investor seminar; with more than 20 stock-listed seafood companies attending from Europe, North and South America and Asia. Petter Drage-sund, Head of Pareto Corporate Finance, comments, “We are very pleased with having FAO on the NASF team, helping us to cre-ate the world’s leading seafood business forum. More than ever, investors and companies are now increasingly concerned about creating and investing in sustain-able businesses. FAO`s participa-tion in NASF will most certainly contribute to a better dialogue between key stakeholders on this topic.”

The North Atlantic Seafood Forum 2012 will comprise nine seminars featuring 100 speakers over the three days of the event.

Jorgen J. Lund, Managing Director of the NASF Conference feels that FAO’s participation at the NASF will bring insights into the developments shaping the future of the fisheries and aquaculture industry.

05_News_EV.indd 14 19/09/11 6:57 PM

Eurofish Magazine 5/ 2011 15www.eurofishmagazine.com

[ EvEnts ]

Presentation of EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform

The opening session of NASF 2012 will be dedicated to the presenta-tion of the new EU Common Fish- eries Policy Reform. Key-note speakers have been invited from the Ministry of Fisheries in Den-mark, along with AIPCE and the EU Commission. Denmark holds the EU presidency for the first half of 2012 and will make strong efforts to have the new CFP approved. NASF expects par-ticipation from ministries, policy makers and key stakeholders at this session. In addition NASF is planning to organize a half-day industry workshop, presenting insights into the new EU fisher-ies policies – called “Alignment of market forces for sustainabil-ity.” This session is organized by the Ministry of Fisheries in Den-mark, AIPCE, PwC, DG Mare and stakeholders from EU and Nor-wegian fishing institutions.

Fisheries and aquacul-ture play a fundamen-tal role in providing food security, employment, contributing to trade, and income generation. To effectively play this role

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

Federation and a host of other industry players. This seminar will focus on presenting the new biomarine value chain and will link seafood and fisheries sectors with the ingredients and pharma-ceutical industries. A number of major players from the seafood industry, investors and policy-makers will attend.

NASF’s Jorgen J. Lund says that these new seminars, together with the FAO initiative, will cre-ate an expanded conference platform which will give insights

into vital developments forming the future of the industry. “Our focus is on the key network between cutting edge innova-tions, technology, policy, finance, international trade and commer-cialisation,” Lund explains. In short, NASF will become even a bigger and more attractive business arena and meeting place next year. With more than 100 speakers in 9 seminars over 3 days, the global seafood industry has much to look forward to.

NASF sustainability seminar

Jorgen Lund also reveals that NASF will in 2012 organize the first annual sustainability semi-nar, jointly with Marine Steward-ship Council (MSC); Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), Det norske Veritas (DnV) and other industry players. This will be a full day seminar focusing on the main sustainability themes for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in the North Atlantic. This initiative, Lund says, will attract interest from producers, exporters, importers, distribu-tors, retailers, NGOs and other stakeholders.

Biomarine preconference seminar

For the first time NASF will organ-ise a pre-conference Biomarine seminar, to take place on 6 March, jointly with Marelife, Sintef, Aker BioMarine, Norway Seafood

fisheries and aquaculture have to be responsibly man-aged. This implies prevent-ing overfishing, promoting sustainable aquaculture, co-ordination and delivery of effective research, and

the empowerment of people, especially women. The Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the FAO provides technical assis-tance in all aspects of fisheries and aquaculture management and development and is

Audun Lem, Senior Fisheries Industry Officer, FAO, says opportunities in partnership with Africa’s fishing and aquaculture industries will be one of the themes at the FAO NASF seminar in 2012.

committed to forging closer and more effective partnerships with various stakeholders to achieve long-term sustainable results in the fisheries sector. More information is available at www.fao.org.

05_News_EV.indd 15 19/09/11 6:57 PM


[ EvEnts ]

Alimentaria Barcelona has a comprehensive programme to attract greater foreign participation, particularly from emerging economies in Asia, to the event in 2012.

Seafood Barcelona, autumn 2012, Barcelona, Spain

Diversified Expositions, organisers of the European Seafood Exposition in Brussels, have announced a collaboration with Alimentaria Exhibitions, the company behind the Alimentaria shows in Barcelona, Lisbon, and Mexico City, to launch a seafood show in Barcelona in autumn 2012.

New seafood event to launch in Barcelona in autumn 2012

The new event, Seafood Bar-celona, will focus on the sea-food and seafood processing

industry in Spain and Southern Europe. Diversified Expositions previously had a collaboration with Rimini Fiera, the organisers of Sapore, to produce the Mediter-ranean Seafood Exposition. With Seafood Barcelona Diversified will again add a southern European event to their portfolio of shows in Boston, Hong Kong, and Brussels.

Spain is the biggest fisheries nation in the EU, with the greatest number of people employed in the fisheries sector, the maximum tonnage in its fishing fleet, the highest production, and the most imports and exports (by volume). In addition per capita consumption is higher than in any other EU member apart from Portu-gal. With such a significant fisheries and aquaculture sector it is perhaps surprising that Spain until now has not had a dedicated seafood show.

Juan Manuel Vieites, the secretary-general of Anfaco-Cecopesca, the national association of canned fish and shellfish manufacturers, says such an event will be very positive for businesses given the size of the fisheries and aquaculture indus-tries in Spain.

In the meantime Barcelona is gearing up for Alimentaria, which will take place from 26 to 29 March, 2012, in the Fira

de Barcelona’s Gran Vía venue. Alimentaria Exhibitions is making a major push to internationalise the event particularly in emerg-ing economies in Asia. Together with ACC1Ó, an agency set up by the Catalan government to make Catalan companies more inno-vative and outward looking, Ali-mentaria Exhibitions is targeting Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates, where

05_News_EV.indd 16 19/09/11 6:57 PM


[ EvEnts ]

Quingdao and the sur ro- unding Shandong prov-ince form the core of the

seafood industry in China. Com-panies in the region trade seafood to the tune of USD4bn each year. The province hosts more than 1,000 processing plants and is a major centre of both capture fisheries production and aqua-culture, with an annual harvest of farmed fish and seafood of 4m metric tonnes.

Twenty-one national pavilions

The China Fisheries and Seafood Expo capitalises on this dyna-mism providing a window onto the Chinese industry for the out-side world and at the same time introducing Chinese companies to raw materials and equipment that they need to continue to grow and prosper. However, it is not only Chinese exhibitors that will be at the show. This year the exhi-bition boasts 750 exhibitors from 35 nations including national pavilions from 21 countries.

Chinese participation will natu-rally be the most prominent with more than 400 leading seafood companies present at the event.

The seafood industry in China is not only the world’s biggest, but the biggest by a consider-able margin. In 2007 fisheries and aquaculture production in China at 46m tonnes was nearly 33% of global production. In 2009 Chinese seafood exports amounted to USD6.8bn, a 31.5% increase over 2008 according to the National Bureau of Sta-tistics of China. In terms of vol-umes exports increased from 1.75m tonnes to 2.09m tonnes. Total Chinese aquatic produc-tion amounted to 51m tonnes in 2009 which was fairly evenly split between marine at 26.8m tonnes and freshwater (24.3m tonnes). The volume of marine capture fisheries has stayed broadly con-stant over the last 10 years, with a minimum yield of 12.37m tonnes in 2003 and a maximum of 12.76m tonnes in 2009. This is due to the zero-growth policy adopted by

the government in 1999 in order to conserve resources. Over the same period (2000-2009) mari-culture production has increased consistently each year from 9.28m tonnes in 2000 to 14.05m tonnes in 2009 an increase of more than 50%. The production of farmed freshwater seafood has been even more impressive. It increased by almost 70% over the same period from 13.08m tonnes to 22.16m tonnes.

Aquaculture sector in China is a state priority

The Chinese aquaculture sec-tor dominates global farmed seafood production, producing 45m tonnes out of 73m tonnes or 62% in 2009. Further develop-ing the aquaculture sector is a national priority following the zero growth policy for the marine fishing industry. To facilitate the development of the aquacul-ture industry tariffs have been reduced on a variety of inputs for the aquaculture industry such as fish meal, fish feed, and

fingerlings. Producers are inter-ested in farming a variety of high value shellfish and finfish species and will be looking for the neces-sary technology and equipment.

As the farming and processing sectors grow Chinese companies are investing in factories and machinery as they seek greater efficiencies. The zero growth pol-icy for capture fisheries has meant that companies have to make the most of scarce raw materials and increasing yields is a priority. In the processing sector increasing demand for products with greater value addition and increased convenience is leading to interest in processing machinery that can delivery such products. Chinese companies are also investing in quality testing systems, and control and monitoring equip-ment in order to meet the quality and safety requirements of their export markets. Exhibitors and visitors to the China Fisheries and Seafood Expo stand to benefit from learning about the world’s largest seafood market.

From 1 to 3 November 2011 anybody with an interest in the Chinese market should be at the sixteenth China Fisheries and Seafood Expo in Qingdao. The event combines seafood from fisheries, aquaculture, and also includes a section on technology, where equipment manufacturers will have the opportunity to display their machinery to the world’s largest seafood processing industry.

China Fisheries and Seafood Expo, 1-3 November 2011, Qingdao, China

Chinese market offers opportunities to producers, traders, and equipment manufacturers

it will raise the profile of the show. ACC1Ó will also use the Hosted Buyers programme to invite pro-fessional buyers to the show to meet with exhibitors. Alimentaria is also supported by the Span-ish Chamber of Commerce in Miami which will promote the event on the US market, and by

the Shanghai office of the Span-ish industry association Amec, which will do the same in China. The number of international agents has increased by 20% compared to the 2010 edition and brochures and other publicity material about the event are avail-able in Spanish, English, French,

Japanese, and Chinese. In addi-tion, the oganisers have held a series of meetings with the diplo-matic staff from different embas-sies in Madrid to get them to promote the event in their home countries. At the last edition of Alimentaria compared with the year before the number of foreign

exhibitors incre ased by 3% to 33% of the 4,800 participating companies, while foreign vistors numbered about 36,000 out of a total of 140,000. The inten-sive international promotion efforts should result in at least a matching increase in the foreign participation at the 2012 event.

05_News_EV.indd 17 19/09/11 6:57 PM


[ EvEnts ]

From 12 to14 February 2012 Bremen will once again host fish international, the international seafood fair for the processing, retail, import and export trade, and catering sectors. It will be the thirteenth edition of this show that is Germany’s biggest event devoted entirely to seafood. As in previous years the fair this time will have something to offer to each of the players in the industry.

fish international, Bremen, brings the latest developments in retail display

fish international will be held 12-14 February 2012 at the Bremen Exhibition Centre in Halls 4 and 5.

fish international, 12-14 February 2012, Bremen, Germany

For the retail trade, fish inter-national will have a display of counter concepts that is

unmatched by any other seafood show. Visitors to Hall 5 will be able to take in the latest ideas and devel-opments in the display of fish and seafood. To make the presentation more vivid various fish produc-ers will be filling the counters at the Special Show of the Fish Retail Trade with their specialities. The catering community will be parti-cularly interested in the premiere of the Seafood Masterclass, where chefs from top restaurants will pre-pare seafood dishes for participants

and offer tips and tricks on pre-paring, cooking, and serving fish.

The fastest growing animal pro-tein industry in the world today is aquaculture. Already on a global scale more fish consumed by peo-ple is farmed rather than obtained from capture fisheries. The increase in cultured seafood has made consumers more interested about the provenance of the fish they eat and whether it is being farmed in compliance with envi-ronmental and social regulations. Fish international will therefore provide information on eco-labels

and certification organisations like the Aquaculture Stewardship Council and Global G.A.P. “We are also seeing greater interest in regionally produced fish,” says Sabine Wedell, the project man-ager, “which is becoming increas-ingly important particularly to the fish trade and the catering segments. Special emphasis will therefore be placed on local aqua-culture products, which have the advantage that they do not have to be transported over vast dis-tances, they can be supplied fresh, and can be associated with small volumes and high quality.”

On Sunday the first day of the event, the Seafood Star will be awarded in different categories. This will be followed by a Trawl Party which will afford vistors and stand owners a chance to mingle over a drink. For many this is a significant part of the Bremen event. As Ralf Forner, Manag-ing Director of Trans-Gourmet Seafood in Bremerhaven puts it, “Getting together and exchang-ing information are important reasons for our participation in the fair. The fish world meets in Bremen – and that’s why we like to be there.”

05_News_EV.indd 18 19/09/11 6:57 PM


Fish supplies to the Roma-nian market come primar-ily from four sources, the

domestic aquaculture industry, the inland � shery, the Black Sea, and imports. � e domestic aqua-culture industry plays a major role in the supply of fresh � sh to the market. Locally farmed � sh amounts to 80 of the supply, while inland � sheries supply 17 and the Black Sea 3.

Live � sh is fresher and cheaper than processed

products

Fresh � sh from farms is mainly distributed live to a network of the farmers own shops, other � sh-mongers, wholesalers and large retail chains. Live � sh is tradition-ally eaten by Romanian consum-ers, but the lack of market surveys or studies on consumption habits makes it di� cult to know whether this tradition is still as strong as in the past or whether (and how) tastes and habits are changing. Fish cannot be fresher than when it is live; farmers who have tried to sell � sh processed into � llets have found that customers prefer live � sh. Freshness is one reason, but it is also cheaper than � llets and in times where the economy is doing badly consumers are thinking of their wallets.

New landing sites, storage facilities to come up along the coast

Romania is investing in infrastructure

Romania is using the European Fisheries Fund to invest in much needed fi shing ports, landing sites and storage facilities along the coast. Feasibility studies have been commissioned and calls for tenders are going out. With improved infrastructure the fi sheries administration is hopeful that fi shers will more effectively exploit the country’s sprat TAC, and that the illegal trade in fi sh will be capped.

Fish is farmed across the coun-try in some 85,000 ha of � sh farms. According to the aqua-culture register there are 557 cyprinid farms, 251 trout farms, and 85 sturgeon growing facili-ties (2010). Cyprinids are farmed in ponds or in dam reservoirs, while raceways are used to breed trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and

sturgeon. Ponds and dam lakes are used for the production of several varieties of carp, (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalichthys molitrix), and bighead carp (Hypophthali-chthys nobilis) dominate the production, but other � sh inclu-ding crucian carp (Carassius car-assius), cat� sh (Siluris glanis),

grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and pike-perch (Stizos-tedion lucioperca) are also grown in ponds and reservoirs. Race-ways are used for the production of trout and also sturgeon, which are reared for their caviar and as well as for their meat. Data from NAFA, the National Agency for Fisheries and Aquaculture,

ROMANIA

Black Sea turbot (Psetta maxima) and spiny dog� sh (Squalus acanthias) are valuable species targeted by the Romanian � eet.

Dr.

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IMRD

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www.euro� shmagazine.com

show that aquaculture produc-tion in Romania increased stea-dily from 2005 to 2009 reaching 13,131 tonnes, but declined to 8,668 tonnes in 2010. It was mainly common carp, silver carp, bighead carp and gold� sh which experienced falls in production; trout and cat� sh volumes actu-ally increased. Sorinel Manaila, president of NAFA attributes the lower volumes to the eco-nomic crisis which resulted in an increase in the price of inputs such as feed and fuel. � is period also saw a reduction in the con-sumption of � sh as consumers sought to reduce their outlays.

honest farmers as they have to compete with producers whose costs are lower. For many farm-ers the costs of production are increased by the loss of � sh to cormorants, to wild life such as beavers, as well as to poaching. Cormorants can do a lot of damage to the stock eating and injuring the � sh – some farmers estimate it amounts to a kilogram of � sh a day per bird. Poach-ing in Romania is also a prob-lem as the poachers tend to use nets rather than lines and can therefore remove much larger quantities of � sh. Some farm-ers have introduced watchmen who patrol the ponds to keep poachers away. But the illegal trade in � sh also makes farmers reluctant to invest in their farms and increase production as they feel the returns are undercut by unfair competition.

Pond-farmed � sh is good for consumers and the

environment

Aquaculture is expected to play an important role in the reformed Common Fisheries Policy. Sori-nel Manaila, president of NAFA, expects that a signi� cant chunk of Romania’s allocation of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund will go to aquaculture. � e EMMF replaces the EFF (Euro-pean Fisheries Fund) in the next EU multi-annual budgetary period (2014-2020). Our priorities are to increase the yields per hectare from our farms and to increase the quality of the production, says Mr Manaila. Farming of cyprinids is inherently environmentally friendly as the � sh feed on the naturally available vegetation in the pond and the supplemen-tary feed that is given is cereals and oilseeds. Water is usually not pumped, but � ows due to the force of gravity, which means a lower carbon footprint. In

20 Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011

Catalin Platon, the director of Rom� sh, the association of Romanian � sh farmers, also points to the increase in VAT as one of the possible reasons for the decline in recorded produc-tion. More � sh is diverted to the black market as unscrupulous producers decline to pay the increased VAT.

Illegal trade in � sh damages the whole

sector

Mr Platon recalls the mid nine-ties when VAT on � sh was � rst 9 while it was 19 on everything else and then was increased to 11 while increasing to 22 for other products. Now it is a uni-form 24, � sh does not enjoy any concessions. “We have supported a proposal that is waiting to be voted on in parliament that will reduce VAT on basic food items including � sh”, says Mr Platon. If the proposal is passed, the VAT on � sh will fall to 5 remov-ing the incentive for farmers to hide their production and sales from the authorities. � e illegal trade in � sh has several damag-ing consequences: it deprives the government of much-needed revenue; it makes for unreliable statistics, which is a problem for the whole sector; and it penalises

addition, pond farms are often home to a variety of wild birds, animals, and plants and thereby play a role in nature conserva-tion. It is important to promote these aspects of pond farming, so that people understand that � sh raised like this are both good for the consumer and the envi-ronment, says Mr Manaila. � e area under pond farming, cur-rently some 85,000 ha, is un-likely to increase. � e average farm in Romania is about 200 ha, says Mr Platon, and building new ponds and access roads is very expensive. Part of the total area is lying unused due to weeds, sedi-ment, or for other reasons, and Mr Platon feel that this proportion will gradually reduce as farmers take measures to increase their output.

Market survey of consumers to be carried

out for the � rst time

� e lack of data on � sh and sea-food products and consumption is a signi� cant obstacle to plan-ning. NAFA has therefore com-missioned a market survey which is looking at � sh consumption and the attitudes of consumers

ROMANIA

Catalin Platon, Executive Director, National Association of Fishery Producers (Rom� sh)

Sorinel Manaila, President, National Agency for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NAFA)

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Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011 21

towards � sh and seafood. It will also analyse the interest for new farmed species. � e study

is expected to be completed by spring 2012 and will be the � rst of its kind to be carried out in

Romania. Another study that is also being carried out con-cerns aquaculture in the Black

Sea. Romania has no marine aquaculture and in partnership with some Spanish researchers the potential of the Black Sea shore for farming cockles and mussels is being explored. � e Black Sea has seen its produc-tivity fall over the last several decades. According to a report from the National Institute for Marine Research and Develop-ment (NIMRD), over a period of three decades from the 70s ), the environment of the Black Sea has deteriorated dramati-cally in terms of its biodiversity, habitats, � shery resources, and water quality. Industrial pollution, increasing nutrient loads from rivers, poor manage-ment of � sh stocks, and the intro-duction of invasive species were some of the factors responsible for this deterioration.


ROMANIA

The small number of trawlers and the lack of landing and storage facilities hinder Romania’s ability to catch its entire sprat TAC.

The vision for the future of Mediterranean aquaculture in Europe - and the research and innovation needed to support its key strategies - will be the focus of the third thematic workshop, organised by the European Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform, in the framework of ‘Aquainnova’, a European support action. This event follows the successful workshops that focused on ‘freshwater’ and ‘Marine coldwater’ aquaculture earlier in 2011.

Earlybird registration: € 50After 17 October registration: € 80To register visit: www.eatip.eu

Contact:European Aquaculture Technology & Innovation Platform (EATIP)Rue de Paris 9 4020 Liège Belgium

Tel.: +32 4 338 2995Fax: +32 4 337 9846 [email protected] www.eatip.eu

3rd Aquainnova Consultation Workshop:Hotel Meliá Princesa, Madrid, Spain

16-17 November 2011

The future of

MediterraneanAquaculture

a meeting of European Aquaculture stakeholders

Dr.

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Migration of sprat (top) and turbot in the Black Sea. The blue, red, and green dots denote wintering, spawning, and feeding areas respectively, while the arrows show the migration patterns.

New � shing port to come up at Midia

� e main commercial � sh spe-cies in the Black Sea are sprats, turbot, anchovies, horse mackerel and whiting. Romania has a TAC (Total Allowable Catch) for sprats of 3,442.5 tonnes in 2011, but in the past the country has not been able to fully exploit its allocation

and this year will not be di� erent, says Daniel Buhai, the general director of the Fishing Vessels Ship-owners Association. � e association represents 70-80 of the Black Sea quotas for sprat and turbot. Romanian catches of sprat have declined more or less steadily since 1997 when they were 3,318 tonnes. In 2010, NAFA � g-ures show that sprat catches were

28 tonnes. However, the total cat-ches of sprat from the Black Sea (the sum of catches from Roma-nia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey) have not shown such a drastic decline. Mr Buhai says that part of the reason for the fall in Romanian catches is the lack of landing and stor-age facilities which deter � shers from targeting the � sh. Sprat is

also a low value species that is usually block frozen and � sh-ers may be more interested in higher value turbot or dog� sh. Mr Buhai, who owns a process-ing factory, says he gets enough raw materials from the inland � sheries to need to process sprats. � e government is now planning to build a port in Midia to the north of Constanta which will have modern landing and cold storage facilities. Midia lies approximately in the mid-dle of Romania’s coastline giv-ing convenient access to � shing vessels all along the coast. � e port at Midia will be one of 12 shelters and � sh ports that the government plans to build along the coast with the help of EUR40m from the EFF. � ese facilities will bene� t the coastal � shing vessel, the main � shing capacity on the Black Sea. � ese have a length of less than 15 m and today 469 such vessels are registered. Boats between 15 and 25 m number 5, while two boats above 25 m appear in the EU Fleet Register; the rest were scrapped under European Fish-ery Fund measures to reduce capacity. But now, says Mr Manaila, we need more vessels in order to fully utilise our quota of sprats. He is hopeful that when the infrastructure for load-ing, unloading and storage is set up along the coast the trawler � eet will be expanded to catch the entire quota.

� e other important species for which Romania has a TAC (of 43 tonnes) is Black Sea turbot. � is is a valuable species in all the countries surrounding the Black Sea. Bottom gill nets and bottom trawls are the main gears used to catch this � sh, which can grow to a length of 85 cm and a weight of 12 kg. However, stock levels have been very low for several years though since 2002 there have

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been faint signs of a change for the better. Improvements are slow because its value makes it attrac-tive for illegal � shers and as a shared resource e� orts to manage the stock need to be collaborated internationally. NAFA has plans to establish an auction at Tulcea initially for freshwater � sh, but ultimately also for the sale of marine � sh. � e auction should result in better prices to the � sh-ermen giving them an incentive to sell their catches there, and would also hopefully reduce the incidence of unrecorded sales. � e feasibility study for the auc-tion has now been completed and the call for tenders to estab-lish the auction will go out soon. Other marine species that may be sold at the auction are anchovy and whiting. Catches over the last three years (2008-2010) have only Gill netters operate close to the shore and form the vast majority of the Romanian � eet.

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RIMINI-ITALY

FEBRUARI 201225/28www.saporerimini.it

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averaged 28 tonnes for anchovy and 36 tonnes for whiting.

EU countries supply most Romanian

imports

In addition to locally produced farmed and wild � sh the mar-ket in Romania is supplied also with imports. Most importers are also processors and distributors. Fish and seafood from within the EU is increasingly starting to dominate imports. In 2004 intra-EU imports in volume terms amounted to 37 of all imports. By 2009 this proportion was 70. In value terms too imports from within the EU increased from 31 in 2004 to 72 in 2009. Imports have increased from 57.6 thousand tonnes in 2004 with a value of EUR39m to 78 thousand

tonnes in 2009 with a value of EUR102m. Frozen � sh and � sh � llets are the major imported products. In 2004 they amounted to 96 of all imports into Roma-nia, while in 2009 they were 86. Processors use these as raw materials in smoked, marinated, and salted products as well as seafood salads.

Learning from others experience will bene� t

the local FLAGs

One of the measures under the European Fisheries Fund sup-ports the formation of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) that are set up to revitalise fish-eries communities. The FLAGs involve all the local stakehold-ers, (people involved in fishing activities, local government

representatives, commercial fisher men’s representatives, and fishing communities), who formulate a strategy and a busi-ness plan to sustainably develop the area. Despite fisheries play-ing a very small role in the Romanian economy, produc-tion from the Romanian fisher-ies sector amounts to 0.0054 of Romanian GDP, Romania’s budget for the FLAGs from the EFF at EUR75m is the second largest in the EU after Poland. National funding will add a fur-ther EUR25m taking the total budget to EUR100m. In Septem-ber 2011 the strategies and busi-ness plans of 16 FLAGs will be finally evaluated. These FLAGs are from four broad geographi-cal areas, the Danube Delta, the area along the Danube, the Black Sea coast, and an inland

fisheries region. Romania is still at an early stage of developing its network of FLAGs and will benefit from countries that have already been through this stage and have similar problems and strategies to combat them. In the aquaculture sector, for example, the relevant Romanian FLAGs could benefit from FLAGs in countries like Poland, which has a very similar fish farming sector and so it is important that there is international cooperation between FLAGs, says Catalin Platon. At the end of August 2011 two Romanian FLAGs (Stanca-Costesti FLAG and Larga Jijia FLAG) were invited to Nadno-tecka Grupa Rybacka in Pila, a very active and creative Polish FLAG, to learn from its experi-ence in defining and implement-ing local strategies.

Set gill nets are generally a single netting wall kept vertical by a � oatline and a weighted groundline. The net is � xed at either end to keep it stationery. The size of the mesh determines the kind of � sh that are caught in the net.

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Euro� sh Magazine 5 / 2011 25www.euro� shmagazine.com

Frozen pike-perch and perch fi llets for Germany and Switzerland

S.C. Miadmar HDP srl manufactures without using additives

Miadmar HDP is the company behind a new fi sh processing plant in Tulcea, a city on the Danube Delta. The factory processes fi sh from both the Danube Delta and the Black Sea and exports part of the production to Germany and Switzerland, while the rest is distributed within Romania.

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Daniel Buhai, manag-ing director of Miadmar HDP, is also the owner

of two gill netters and a 25 m trawler that supply the factory with marine � sh. � e two smaller vessels � sh along the Romanian

coast while the trawler has to � sh beyond the 20 m isobar in the Black Sea. � e main species that the trawler targets is sprat, which amounts to about 90 of the catch. � e remainder is anchovy as well as some other species.

Romania has a TAC (Total Allow-able Catch) for sprats of 3,442.5 tonnes in 2011, but in the past we have not been able to catch our full quota, says Mr Buhai, and this year is unlikely to be di� erent. � e gill netters target Black Sea turbot,

a highly sought after � sh, with � rm white � aky � esh and a deli-cate � avour, for which Romania has a TAC of 43.2 tonnes this year. Dog� sh and shad are the other species that are also typically caught by the gill netters.

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Raw materials from Black Sea and Danube

Delta

Fish from the Black Sea forms only part of the raw material that is processed at the factory. � e rest is made up of � sh from the Danube Delta and from some of the big lakes close to the coast, such as Lake Razelm. � e water here is brackish and the � sh that are caught include pike-perch, cat� sh, perch and tench. � e pike-perch and cat� sh are important species with markets for the products in Germany and Switzerland. At Miadmar these species are � lleted and fro-zen for export. Before Mr Buhai started his new factory he had a small processing unit at Sulina, a port on the Black Sea coast close to the border with Ukraine. It was here Mr Buhai started salt-ing sprats, a traditional activity for Black Sea � shers along the coast, who did it to preserve the raw material until such time as prices were good. But getting to

and from Sulina was a long and tedious process as the only way was by boat. � is meant that the � nished products took a long time getting to the customers. � is inconvenience contributed to Mr Buhai’s decision to estab-lish the new processing factory in Tulcea, which is easily accessible by road.

The new processing unit was financed to the tune of about EUR1.3m by the European Fish-eries Fund. Although produc-tion has started, the factory will only be completed towards the end of this year. Spread over two floors the plant comprises some 2,000 sq. m of space, of which 300-400 sq. m is for coldstor-age. Currently production con-sists of fresh, frozen, and salted products. By the end of the year the company will have added marinades, seafood salads, and smoked fish to the assort-ment. The smoking equipment is in place and is currently being tested. Each species has

its own specifications, explains Mr Buhai, and therefore we have to programme the smok-ing chambers for each kind of fish and then test it to make sure it works. The range of smoked products will include both hot-smoked and cold-smoked fish. Miadmar has five products offi-cially certified as traditional preparations, making it one of only two Romanian companies that can claim to produce tra-ditional Romanian recipes. The certification is carried out by an independent body. The factory includes well equipped facili-ties to monitor each step of the production chain starting with the raw materials and going on to the finished products, while advanced microbiological anal-ysis is done at an independent specialist laboratory. When the factory is finished it will have an electronic traceability system that will keep track of all the raw materials and link them to the finished products, so that in case of a problem it should be

possible to identify the source quickly and easily.

Natural products with no additives

Almost all the production is sold under Miadmar’s brand Del-taica, which combines a logo with the words “healthy tradi-tions.” The brand represents completely natural products, including salads, marinades, and smoked fish, which do not contain artificial taste enhanc-ers, preserving agents, or other synthetic additives. As a result most of the products have a limited shelf life, but are asso-ciated with natural tastes and flavours. The company also processes carp, cutting it into fillets and selling them either fresh or frozen. Another prod-uct is smoked catfish, a very dry, compact product with a distinct consistency. Roach and pike are typically salted, while the sprat are suitable for salting, marinating or block freezing.

The newly built factory will be completely � nished towards the end of 2011. The 2,000 sq. m plant was built with the help of the European Fisheries Fund.

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Cat� sh tied up in string is smoked to give a dry meat with a distinct consistency. The carp roe salad in the plastic tub is sold under the Deltaica brand, which stands for a completely natural product.

Frozen pike-perch � llets are exported to Germany and Switzerland through the Romanian subsidiary of a German company.

� e � sh from the Miadmar boats is landed at Sulina loaded onto another vessel and brought to the factory at Tulcea, a dis-tance of some 40 nautical miles (75 km). Mr Buhai would like to reduce the time it takes to bring the raw material to the factory, but feels that the level of infra-structure in terms of ports with good facil-ities for landing and storing � sh is quite

inadequate. He recalls how the members of the Fishing Vessels Shipowners Associa-tion, of which he is the managing director, have sometimes landed anchovies which they have been unable to sell because of the poor demand for the fresh � sh, yet unable to store due to the lack of facili-ties. � is is also the reason that Romania does not catch its full TAC of sprat. � e six

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members of the association rep-resent 70-80 of the quota for sprats. If the facilities were bet-ter, says Mr Buhai, we would catch the quota. � e government has now started a programme to remedy this. Among the � rst steps is the construction of a modern port at Midia, north of Constanta and roughly in the middle of Romania’s 245 km long Black Sea coastline. According to Sorinel Manaila, the presi-dent of NAFA (National Agency for Fisheries and Aquaculture), the Agency owns 10 ha of land in Midia that can be used for the port. � e call to conduct a feasi-bility study for the port has been launched and Mr Manaila is hopeful that it will soon be com-pleted and that the construction of the port will start.

Supermarkets to be approached as volumes

develop

Frozen � llets of pike perch and perch are exported to Germany and Switzerland through a Ger-man company’s Romanian sub-sidiary, that buys the � sh from Miadmar. Exported volumes cur-rently amount to some 40 tonnes annually, but as Mr Buhai points out, the new processing factory has barely started production and he is con� dent that this business will increase. � e remainder of the approximately 1,200 tonnes of pro-duction is sold through the com-pany’s own shop in Tulcea, and to other local � shmongers. Premium products such as the smoked cat-� sh and the carp roe salads are sold in big cities around the country.

Miadmar has its own shop in Tulcea where it sells a range of smoked, salted, marinated, and fresh products.

Miadmar SRL Company Fact FileStr. Viticulturii Nr. 2 RO 820147 Tulcea Romania

Tel.: +40 240 517760Fax: +40 240 517760 [email protected]

Managing director: Daniel BuhaiActivity: Processing Black Sea fi sh

(sprats, turbot, dogfi sh, shad),

and freshwater fi sh (pike-perch, catfi sh, perch, tench, carps)

Products: Fresh fi sh, fresh and frozen fi llets, salted, marinated, and smoked products, salads

Volume of fi nished products: 1,200 tonnes

Markets: Romania, Germany, Switzerland

Facilities: Completely new 2,000 sq. m processing plant

Since we have just started pro-duction we have not yet reached the stage where our volumes are interesting to major buyers like supermarkets or hypermarkets, says Mr Buhai. Until now we have focused on � nishing the factory,

sourcing good quality raw mate-rial, and making sure there were no problems with the production. Once the production is working smoothly we can start thinking about larger volumes and bigger clients, he says.

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Farmed freshwater fi sh supplied live to the Romanian market

S.C. Pirania srl has benefi ted from EU funding programmes

Aquaculture production in Romania is primarily based on freshwater fi sh grown in ponds and dam reservoirs. The most important species in terms of volumes produced are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalichthys molitrix), and bighead carp (Hypophthalichthys nobilis), but other fi sh including crucian carp (Carassius carassius), catfi sh (Siluris glanis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) are also grown in the ponds.


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While pond farming has an ancient history, a more recent arrival is

trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) which is typically grown in con-crete raceways. � ese structures are also used to farm sturgeon which is a very recent develop-ment. Production of farmed � sh increased steadily from 2005 to 2009 when it reached 13,131 tonnes, but provisional � gures show that it fell in 2010 to 8,668 tonnes. � e decline was caused by the economic crisis which pushed up the price of inputs making the � sh more expensive at a time when consumers were also becoming more thrifty.

Severe � ooding in 2010 affects production

Another possible reason for the decline in production is the � ood-ing that a� ected many farms in the north eastern part of the coun-try around Botosani. Diadem Ato-diresei, the manager of the carp farm S.C. Pirania srl, says � ood-ing last year cost him 100 tonnes of carp with an estimated value of EUR200,000, and reduced his production to 430 tonnes, from 450 tonnes two years ago and 500 tonnes in 2008. According to him almost all the farmers in the area lost � sh due to � ooding. Losses

However, this is changing slowly as legislation has now been introduced that enables the state to sell the land to the farmers. � e land is evaluated and then o� ered to the farmer at the

from � ooding can be bad, says Mr Atodiresei, but they are fairly seldom. On the other hand � sh farmers have to contend with theft of the � sh on a regular basis. In Romania the � sh is stolen not with a rod and a line, but with a net, complains Mr Atodiresei, meaning that the volume of � sh that is taken is also much larger. � e problem is that poverty is more widespread and more dire in Romania than, for example, in neighbouring Hungary. In addition, says Mr Atodiresei, the courts are reluctant to crack down hard on � sh theft, so the sentences are relatively mild. � e laws have now been changed after lobby-ing by Rom� sh, the Association of Romanian Fish Farmers, and stealing � sh can now earn sti� er

penalties, but, says Mr Platon, the association director, it will take a while before the new rules are enforced on a regular basis.

Pirania srl has some 295 ha of ponds of which 250 ha are productive while the rest are covered in weeds and can-not be used to farm � sh. � e site is at Udesti about 65 km from Botosani and consists of a large dam lake and some smaller ponds. All the water has been leased for a long (49 year term) from the state. � e state still owns the land underlying the ponds. � is is the case not only with Pirania, but also with other � sh farms across the country where farmers do not own the land on which the farm is built.

Diadem Vasile Atodiresei, owner and manager of Pirania srl, a family run company producing farmed freshwater � sh for the Romanian market.

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current market price. According to Catalin Platon the land under some 5-6 farms has been sold to the owners so far. Mr Atodiresei’s farming activities at Udesti were interrupted a couple of years ago when the state water company from which he leased the ponds had to carry out maintenance work on the dam lake. He there-fore leased 180 ha from the water company at another site in Boto-sani and populated it with 2-year old � sh from the ponds at Udesti. � e new site is not as good as the old one, says Mr Atodiresei, the water feeding the new site comes from the river Siret which arises in the Carpathian mountains in the Ukraine. It is poor in nutri-ents, but is very clean with no contaminants. He expects to har-vest 450 tonnes of market sized � sh – common carp (50), sil-ver carp (25-30), bighead carp (25), and small quantities of crucian carp, grass carp, cat� sh, and pike-perch. � e volumes of cat� sh and pike-perch will not exceed 3.

Feed made from wheat bran and sun� ower seed

In addition to the naturally avail-able food in the pond the � sh are fed with a mixture of wheat cha� and a � our made of sun� ower seed. � e feed is mixed on board

Pirania srl has two sites with a total of 475 ha of dam lakes and ponds.

The aerators are used in ponds in periods when there is a lot of algae in the water. The algae release oxygen into the water during the day, but consume it at night and this can threaten the safety of the � sh.

S.C. Pirania srl Company Fact FileStr. 10 Gen. Gh. Avramescu nr. 10Bl.K14, sc. C, ap. 16 Botosani

Tel.: +40 231 516630Fax: +40 231 [email protected]

Manager: Diadem Vasile Atodiresei

Activity: Carp farmingProduction: 450 tonnes of which

common carp (50%), silver carp (25-30%), bighead carp (25%), and small quantities of crucian carp, grass carp, catfi sh, and pike-perch

Facilities: 475 ha of dam lakes and ponds over two sites

a boat which then sails around the ponds and the feed is thrown into the water. � is process is repeated twice a day. Feed consumption is monitored by digging up a shovel-ful of mud from the bottom of the lake and analysing it to see how much feed it contains. If there is little or no feed in the sample, the � sh are feeding properly. Mr Atodiresei would like to buy a few hectares of land surrounding the ponds in order to set up a silo which can hold the feed for the � sh. However, the transaction is complicated by the fact that the area where he is seeking to buy land is not yet registered. � e � sh at the new site are introduced at two years and then allowed to grow for a year. In autumn they are moved to wintering ponds which are smaller and deeper. � rough the winter the � sh can be harvested and supplied to customers.

value-added products. But the demand for live fish is far greater than that for value added prod-ucts as people prefer fish which they know is very fresh and though it may be less conveni-ent it is also less expensive than value added products. Demand for fish has been increasing steadily, says Mr Atodiresei who has recorded a 10 increase in production for each of the two years before last year, when the floods reduced his harvest. He has every hope of increasing his production by 200-300 tonnes over the next few years.

European funding programmes are very

helpful

Pirania srl has received fund-ing through the Sapard pro-gramme in 2007 and in March 2011 concluded a project that was � nanced by the European Fisheries Fund. � is was for the purchase of equipment includ-ing a truck, tractors, a trailer for � sh transport, aerators, and guns for scaring away cormorants. � ese birds are a major pest for � sh farmers as they can eat and injure a lot of � sh. In total Mr Atodiresei loses about 30 of his stock to cormorants, beavers, and to theft.

The fish is sold mainly to the hypermarkets in the cities including Suchova, Ploiesti, Iasi, Bucharest, and Brasov. Ninety percent of the sale is to hypermarkets like Carrefour, while the remainder goes to retailers and fishmongers. The fish is all sold on the domestic market. In Romania we eat fish around the year, unlike in other countries where it is eaten mainly at certain times of the year or in connection with events or festivals. As a result countries such as Hungary and the Czech Republic export some of their production to Roma-nia. According to Mr Atodiresei carp farms in Hungary and the Czech Republic are much more efficient than those in Romania which produce about 10 tonnes per employee. Mr Atodiresei has a small processing unit where he considered manufacturing

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Contact: North Atlantic/Europe/France Berit Quelle, Sales & Procurement Manager E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +45 2033 2469

Contact: General inquiries Peter Reedtz Kristensen, Director E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +45 4027 3097

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Doripesco plans to expand its distribution

Traditional fi sh products soon to be available nation-wideA family-run group of companies with interests today in fi sh farming, fi sh processing restaurants, hotels, and construction, Doripesco started out as one of the fi rst Romanian companies to take over and run a state-owned carp production facility. Since then the company has diversifi ed into farming trout and sturgeon as well.

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Dorin Crizbasan, the man-aging director of Doripesco has always considered

carp farming a special activity. My � rst job was on a carp farm, he says, and though the business has moved into other areas, the carp farming activities still mean a lot to me. It was in the mid nineties that the state-owned carp farms started to be privatised in Romania. As it was one of the � rst takeovers of a state farm, the two sides used a model whereby the state provided the assets and the private company contributed the capital and the management expertise.

Diversi� cation speeds expansion

� is collaborative model was used as a template to privatise other � sh farms in Romania, says Mr Crizbasan. After a transi-tion period to ensure things were running smoothly the company took over completely. Com-plete control of the farm very quickly also brought with it the realisation that carp farming alone would not allow the com-pany to develop. One of the � rst things I did was to diversify, says Mr Crizbasan, I started farming

The Doripesco logo will be re� ected in the redesign of the company’s chain of � sh shops. The of� cial launch of the logo and the renovated shops will be in September.

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Apart from its interests in � sh farming and processing Doripesco also runs three restaurants, two of which are attached to hotels. The newest hotel (featured above) will soon include a � shing pond for guests interested in angling.

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takes place within the area where the processing plant is located. � e production from the processing plant is delivered to shops, restau-rants and supermarkets in the area. We needed to try out and develop our recipes and ensure that the product quality was up to scratch and that the production process was obstacle-free, says Mr Crizbasan. � e company is now in the process of expanding production and is starting to widen its distribution to cover supermarkets and shops in other parts of Romania. Currently the company is supplying nine out-lets of the supermarket Kau� and and discussions are on to start sup-plying all the 64 stores across the country. Anticipating an increase in demand for Doripesco products, the company is also preparing an application for funding from the European Fisheries Fund for a new processing factory.

Caviar production to start in a few years

Caviar is one of the new prod-ucts that the company intends to add to its assortment in two to three years. � e current batch of sturgeon is four years old with an average weight of 7 kg. � e approximately 10,000 � sh (Acipenser stellatus) are kept in raceways and will be used for the

trout and sturgeon, and in addi-tion I developed my own distri-bution chain, and set up shops in six markets in Brasov city, so as not to be at the mercy of the retailers.

In addition to the chain of � sh shops, Doripesco also established three restaurants, two of which are attached to hotels. � e hotels and restaurants cater to local and foreign guests o� ering them good food, pleasant surroundings, and the opportunity to go angling or bird-watching. Hospitality runs side by side with another of the compa-ny’s activities. � is is the processing plant that processes � sh from the farms into a wide range of products for delivery to the restaurant sec-tor. � e plant produces 40 di� erent products of which six are traditional products that are prepared in a cer-tain way following a particular rec-ipe and are even registered with the authorities in Brussels. In addition, one of the products is of protected origin implying that the produc-tion, processing and preparation

Doripesco SA Company Fact FileStr. Bisericii 224 RO 507080 Comuna Halchiu

Jud., Brasov Romania

Tel.: +40 268 481581 Fax: +40 268 481682 offi [email protected] www.doripesco.ro

Managing director: Mr. Dorin Crizbasan

Activities: Carp, trout, and sturgeon

farming, fi sh processing and distribution, hotels, restaurants, construction

Assets include: Carp ponds 218 +250 ha, 10,000 4-year-old sturgeon, 6 fi sh shops, 3 restau-rants, 2 hotels

Fish production: Mainly common carp and silver carp, 50-60 tonnes of market-sized trout per year

Markets: Local markets in Brasov, with plans to expand to the rest of Romania

long as you receive some money to cover costs, it is well worth it.

Doripesco has carp farms on two locations. One is a 218 ha site which is in a Natura 2000 network and is also a designated Ramsar site because of the rich plant and bird life (the Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty signed in Ramsar, Iran, that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wet-lands and their resources). � e ponds here are getting concrete walls and the access roads are being cleaned and strengthened. Good access roads are important because the pond is then accessi-ble by car or van from all sides and, no matter where in the pond the � sh is harvested, it can be brought very quickly to the processing fac-tory. � e concrete embankments around the ponds will allow the water level to be raised by 0.5 m which will make a big di� erence to productivity, says Ruxandra Coc, the sales director, and Mr Crizbasan’s sister. � e other carp farm hosts one of the company hotels and has about 250 ha of ponds of which half are used for production while the rest are used for sport � shing. � is is a popular

production of caviar and sturgeon meat when they mature. � e meat can be served smoked, dried, fried, or grilled and will also be available in the company res-taurants. � ere are also plans to further develop the newest hotel with a large carp pond and a con-ference or meeting room for up to 400 people. � e expansion of the hotel will not be � nanced through the EFF, but the new processing factory and the modernisation of the carp farm are both bene� t-ing. � e EFF is a real help for keen investors, says Dorin Crizbasan, although the procedures are not simple and you have to be an expert at � lling in forms, but as

Dorin Crizbasan, the managing director of Doripesco, which started as a � sh farm, but which has since expanded into tourism, hospitality, and construction.

Ruxandra Coc, a member of the family that manages Doripesco, is seeking to expand sales of the � sh and seafood products to cover the whole country.

06_RO.indd 32 19/09/11 7:00 PM


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pastime in Romania; over a week-end there can be as many as 300-400 � shers � shing along the ponds. Mr Coc, the hotel manager, and husband of Ruxandra Coc, says the company has also been able to attract anglers from other parts of Europe because of the high quality of the catches. Another pond is a trophy pond where � shing com-petitions are organised on a regu-lar basis. � ese competitions also draw guests to the hotel � lling it up on days that the contests are held.

Redesigned � sh shops re� ect new brand

� e � sh from the ponds is mainly common carp and silver carp, but there are also some catches of bighead carp, pike, zander, and bream. Some of the production is sold fresh, while the rest is pro-cessed at the factory. Doripesco registered a brand called Delta some six years ago at a time when it was not sure how the brand would be used. Now however the brand is being used on their prod-ucts and the logo is also providing

The ponds at the carp farm have been renovated with help from the European Fisheries Fund. The embankments of the ponds have been strengthened with concrete and the access roads have been improved.

the template for a makeover of the Doripesco � sh shops. � ese shops will now all be redecorated using the elements from the logo and in September this year there will be an o� cial launch of the brand and the newly decorated shops.

As the owners of � sh farms in the middle of natural reserves the com-pany is committed to the environ-ment and its preservation. We want to maintain the environment not only for ourselves and for the health of our products but also for the gen-erations that come after us, says Ruxandra Coc. � e company has therefore made agreements with several local schools under which groups of students are brought to the farms and exposed to the wild life that inhabits the area. � e visits also introduce the children to � sh and to the advantages of eating it and they get to taste some of the more children-friendly � sh prod-ucts. � is will hopefully start them developing a taste for � sh which will stay with them for the rest of their lives, says Ms Coc.

As one of the EU countries hit hard-est by the crisis, Romania is currently drawing assistance from the EU’s � nancial programmes. When the economy picks up again, Doripesco with its interests in restaurants, hotels, � sh farming and processing and its ideas for spreading its prod-ucts across the country, is poised for a period of rapid growth.

In the processing factory cat� sh � llets are placed in a net prior to being smoked.

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S.C. Costiana srl makes distribution more effi cient

An old company fi nds new ways to sell seafood productsCostiana is the oldest company in the fi sh processing and distribution sector in Romania. It is led by Marian Cuzdrioreanu, an entrepreneur, who combines running the business with regular appearances on a food show on television. A fi rm believer in technology Mr Cuzdrioreanu uses the internet not only to promote his products, but, soon, also to sell them.

ROMANIA

Marian Cuzdrioreanu also heads the organi-sation Ro-Fish, the

Romanian association of pro-ducers, processors, import-ers and distributors of � sh and seafood. Association members, according to Mr Cuzdrioreanu, represent 85 of all the traders and processors on the Romanian market. � ese companies import mainly frozen raw materials from around the world, process them in Romania and distribute the products on the domestic market.

Popular TV show on how to prepare � sh

Costiana with its modern and distinctively packaged prod-ucts is well known on the Romanian market for the vari-ety and quality of its products. Mr Cuzdrioreanu appears on tele-vision � ve times a week wear-ing a tunic with the name of his company prominently displayed.

� is is also excellent promo-tion for the � rm, as he is the � rst to acknowledge. � e television show is very good advertising for me and my company, says Mr Cuzdrioreanu. By appearing on television I gain the viewers’ trust and when they trust me they also trust my products. � e products are based on imported as well as local � sh and seafood, white� sh including hake, hoki, grenadier, Alaska pollock, blue whiting, and cod; � at � sh like turbot, plaice, and � ounder; salmon (Atlantic and Paci� c) and trout; pelagics such as herring, mackerel, and horse mackerel; and freshwater � sh like carp and pike-perch. In 2010 pelagic � sh made up 45 of the product mix, while white� sh comprised 30, followed by sea-food at 15. Processed products such as breaded, smoked, and salted � sh, as well as marinades made up 9 of the product mix.

Mr Cuzdrioreanu has been inc-reasing his exports and is now

Marian Cuzdrioreanu, the president of Costiana, is planning a webshop to promote and sell his products.

sending product to neighbour-ing countries like Bulgaria and Hungary and has also started a new line of topshell (Rapana venosa) exports to Spain. Over the next three years a new pro-cessing factory is planned as the old one cannot expand any further. � e new plant will focus on the production of value-added products for which there is increasing demand, says Mr Cuzdrioreanu. While the demand for value-added prod-ucts is certainly increasing, there is also a market for traditionally produced Romanian seafood to which the company caters. In countries like Spain and Italy there are large populations of Romanian migrants who crave the tastes of the products they grew up with. At the same time, when Romanian tourists return

from their travels they would like to be able to purchase the products they sampled when they were abroad. In addition, the increase in the in� ux of tour-ists to Romania makes the hotel, restaurant, and catering segment a valuable market for the com-pany. But the most important channel for us is the supermar-kets, says Mr Cuzdrioreanu, because they cover around 55 of the market today and within the next couple of years that will have increased to between 60 and 65.

Fish and seafood supplied all over the

country

� e supermarkets are of di� er-ent types, the biggest are the hypermarkets which have large

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ROMANIA

areas and frequently shops and kiosks o� ering other services. Hypermarkets also tend to stock more than just groceries. Super-markets on the other hand are smaller and sell mainly grocer-ies; hard discount chains sell a limited assortment at very cheap prices, while soft discount stores

carry a larger assortment at slightly higher prices. In addi-tion, there are cash and carry supermarkets which specialise in bulk supplies for businesses. Costiana supplies supermar-kets as well as retail stores, � sh processors, catering establish-ments, and restaurants. A � eet of

the company’s own refrigerated trucks, vans, and cars ensure that the products are delivered safely and securely to destinations all over Romania. Maintaining this � eet used to be one of the biggest costs that the company incurred. However, the crisis of 2008-2009 forced Mr Cuzdrioreanu to take

a look at all aspects of the busi-ness to see where savings could be made. Global positioning sys-tems were introduced in all the vehicles and the logistics depart-ment had its budget cut. � e net result was a far more e� cient use of transport and a 50 saving in expenses.

The refrigerated transport � eet was equipped with global positioning systems to make it more ef� cient and reduce costs.

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ROMANIA

Costiana uses marine as well as locally-sourced freshwater � sh to produce a wide range of items.

Within the next three years a new factory for the production of highly value-added products is schedled to be built.

Costiana SRL Company Fact FileSos. Andronache 17-19, sector 2 RO 022521 Bucharest Romania

Tel.: +40 21 241 4428 Fax: +40 21 241 4439 [email protected];

[email protected] www.costiana.ro,

www.donmariano.ro

President: Mr Marian Cuzdrioreanu

Activities: Importing, processing, distributing fi sh and seafood

Volumes: 6,000 tonnesMarkets: Romania, Hungary,

BulgariaProducts: Frozen, breaded,

smoked, marinaded, and salted fi sh and seafood using white-fi sh, pelagics, freshwater fi sh, salmon and trout

Turnover: EUR10mEmployees: 100

Using the internet to promote and sell

products

Mr Cuzdrioreanu is confident that the Romanian market for fish and seafood products is going to expand. I think in three years per capita consumption

in Romania will increase from 6.5 kg to 9 kg, he says. He sees technology as one way of capi-talising on this development. I intend to use the internet not only to promote and market Cos-tiana products, but also to sell them. To this end the company is planning to launch a webshop

where it will be possible to buy the entire range of Costiana products and have them deliv-ered. I feel there is a niche between the restaurants and the supermarkets for good prod-ucts at a reasonable price, says Mr Cuzdrioreanu. These prod-ucts would give the same kind of

experience as eating at a restau-rant, yet the consumer can enjoy them within the comfort and the convenience of his home. The products will be ready to cook and ready to eat, high quality, convenient, and easy to prepare. The inspiration for a webshop came partly from the experi-ence of having a cooking show on television. Mr Cuzdrioreanu has a website with information about food and cooking as well as over 2,000 recipes for fish and seafood. In the first week of its launch the website attracted well over 800 visitors, who apart from browsing the website also sent in comments and asked questions relating to food and cooking.

Currently, Costiana produces about 1,000 tonnes a year of its own products, and packages and distributes about 5,000 tonnes of imported � sh. Exports at about 6 are a small proportion of the total volumes handled by the company. � is � gure is set to inc-r e ase however as the company is looking at increasing exports to existing markets in Hungary and Bulgaria. It is less than � ve years since Romania joined the EU, says Mr Cuzdrioreanu, and it takes time to build up trust with foreign partners.

06_RO.indd 36 19/09/11 7:00 PM


GERMANY

Germany supports Common Fisheries Policy reform

Achievements in stock management must be expanded

W hen Europe’s politi-cians laid down the principles of the Com-

mon Fisheries Policy (CFP) they had ambitious goals. Close co-operation in � sheries was to protect and maintain stocks, increase competitiveness within the � sh industry, and stabilise markets for � sheries products. Over the course of the years more and more regulations, directives and bans were implemented. Today although there are plenty of � sheries-related regulations, many of the original goals have not been satisfactorily achieved. How big the gap between ambi-tion and reality is can be seen particularly drastically where resource maintenance is con-cerned: despite the CFP the condi-tion of many European � sh stocks is today worse than it was one or two decades ago. � e extensive set of rules drawn up for the CFP was much too complicated and not transparent enough. At the same time, the rules and regulations were di� erently interpreted in the individual European countries and not always implemented with equal zeal.

Where setting quotas and maxi-mum catch levels were con-cerned, Europe’s politicians had in the past rarely followed

the recommendations made by fisheries scientists. Too great was their fear of possible protests by their national fishermen who saw the catch and their income diminishing. Later on it was the fishermen who were blamed for the shrink-ing fish stocks. The less fish there were in the sea, the more restrictions were placed on the fishermen’s technical fishing gear... in other words, less days at sea, horsepower limitation of fishing vessels’ engines and exact regulations on fishing gear. Regular controls guaran-tee that all fishermen adhere to the rules. But what use is all of this if the allocated fishing quo-tas already exceed sustainability levels?

The inadequacies of the CFP have long been known and should actually have been cor-rected in the course of the last reform in 2002. Multi-annual stock replenishment and man-agement plans were introduced, and environmental issues were to be taken more strongly into account during fisheries management. In spite of many a positive approach the main problem facing the CFP, i.e. con-tinuing overfishing, remained unsolved. Overfishing leads

to lower catch levels which weaken the overall fishing sec-tor and make it economically very vulnerable. This was the sobering conclusion to which the EU Commission came in its Green Paper which in

April 2009 opened the public discussion on the forthcoming reform in 2012. The Commis-sion named five structural weaknesses as the causes of the continuing sad state of affairs of the CFP:

Healthy, sustainably managed fi sh stocks are a fundamental prerequisite both for profi tability in the fi shing sector and for ensuring a reliable supply of fi sh. So far, however, the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has not contributed enough towards achieving these goals. In Germany fi shermen, politicians and consumers are now hoping that the forthcoming CFP reform will bring about necessary corrections and the desired results.

Euro� sh Magazine 5/ 2011 37

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GERMANY

1. Excess capacity in the � shing � eets, leading to over� shing

2. A lack of precise politi-cal goals, particularly with regard to marine-related issues and the shouldering of ecological responsibility

3. � e highly centralised deci-sion-making system in the EU that is too strongly geared to short-term solutions and neglects long-term ecologi-cal sustainability

4. � e � shing sector has to take on – and be given – more responsibility

5. Lack of political ambition to implement adherence to legal regulations

� e pressure on politics to � nally solve these problems has increased with the intensi� ca-tion of media reports on the criti-cal condition of oceans and � sh stocks. European citizens are

alarmed – in Germany, too, where people react with great concern to such reports.

Sustainability must have top priority

With an annual catch volume of 250,000 t, or about 5 of the total EU catch, Germany’s � shing � eet plays a rather subordinate role compared to other European states. In 2010 the German � sh-ing � eet comprised 1,767 vessels, equal to 2.1 of all EU (27) � sh-ing vessels. At the centre of the German � shing � eet is the cutter and coastal � shery with 383 ves-sels, of which 257 are shrimp cut-ters. 1,316 vessels are registered in the small-scale coastal � shery which operates with passive � sh-ing gear (� xed nets, traps) and is mainly pursued along the Baltic coast. 1,128 of these vessels are partially covered or open boats.

� ere are also seven universal freezer trawlers and two special vessels for catching schooling � sh. � ese vessels operate in the deep sea � shery. Finally, a further 12 vessels catch mussels, and 47 small boats � sh non-quota species.

Although Germany today satis-� es most of its demand for � sh and seafood (which was equal to 1.284 million tonnes in 2009) with imports from all over the world the � shery sector is a tra-ditional part of both the eco-nomy and cultural life in many coastal communities and inland waters. � ere are nearly 41,000 people employed in the � shing sector, the � sh processing indus-try, � sh catering, � sh wholesal-ing and retailing, inland � sheries and aquaculture. Together they account for annual sales of nearly 6 billion EUR.

In a comprehensive paper mak-ing its position clear it at the same time emphasises that sustainability must be the top priority when realigning the Common Fisheries Policy. The federal ministry that is respon-sible for fisheries, the Federal Ministry for Food, Agricul-ture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), demands that waste-fulness as a result of by-catches and discards (a central topic of the CFP reform) should be a major focus of the reform debate. Together with France, United Kingdom and Denmark, Germany presented a concept in March 2011 with concrete proposals for dealing with the problem of discards in the CFP reform. In it the four states express their conviction that the current management system based on fishing effort must be ended because it not only toler-ated discards but even partially encouraged them. The gradual introduction of discard bans was inevitable. All species suited to human consumption must be landed and – in so far as they are regulated species – taken into account in the quota. This would mean moving towards a system of “real” fishing quo-tas which could in the medium term radically simplify the CFP, for example by doing away with the time-consuming adminis-tration required by fishing effort based management.

Germany pressing for the introduction of

discard bans

In July 2011 Federal Minister Ilse Aigner emphasized once again the urgency of this issue. � e Federal Government was in sup-port of all e� orts towards sus-tainable � sh management – not only in the EU but worldwide because the recovery of the � sh

Coastal � shing with passive gear, such as the herring gillnet � shery is mostly pursued from partially covered or open boats along the Baltic coast.

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www.euro� shmagazine.com Euro� sh Magazine 5/ 2011 39

GERMANY

stocks was a prerequisite for sustainable management from which � shermen would bene� t in the long term, too. Germany had long been pressing for a gradual introduction of discard bans and a requirement to land the � shes in order to � nally put an end to the pointless death of marine animals. Ms Aigner at the same time welcomed the fact that the EU Commission did not want to infringe upon the elemen-tary keystones of the Common Fisheries Policy, and here par-ticularly the principle of relative stability which ensures member states constant shares of the total allowable catch.

The EU already created an important prerequisite for the success of the new fisheries policy with Council Regulation No. 1224/2009 which established a control system for ensuring compliance with the rules of the Common Fisheries Policy. This has been in force Europe-wide since the beginning of 2010. Not least the alarming figures revealing the extent of illegal fishing showed that there was an urgent need for action. More severe and effective controls as well as Europe-wide uniform, deterrent sanctions are urgently needed in order to prevent and combat breaches against the Common Fishery Policy. A penal point system is to make sure that infringements are punished the same way in all member states. To enable this, however, con-trols have to be co-ordinated, simplified and harmonised more efficiently at EU level, so that a European “control cul-ture” might develop. With the Commission Implementing Regulation (No. 404/2011) of March 2011 which regulates the technical details, the course now seems to have been set in the right direction.

Equal treatment of � shermen in all EU

member states

Whether this will really sweep away the doubts that German � shermen have concerning the EU plans for the CFP reform remains questionable, however. � ey consider the EU Commis-sion’s declaration that they will stop over� shing with the help of smaller � shing � eets and multi-annual � shing quotas hardly practicable. To achieve this, states that do not adhere to the stipulations and � sh too much would have to be punished with � shing bans. � e Cuxhaven Kut-ter� sh-Zentrale accuses the EU in this context of already in the past not ful� lling its role as arbitrator between the di� erent countries. � ey therefore doubt whether the EU will now really enforce such penalties. Ultimately Spain, United Kingdom and other coun-tries will probably once again assert their national interests and fail to keep to agreements.

At the centre of the German � eet is the cutter and coastal � shery with 383 vessels, which include 257 shrimp boats that operate along the North Sea coast.

Im Tweyad 127612 Loxstedt-Nesse GermanyTel.: +49 4744/91 [email protected] . www.nesse.de

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GERMANY

� e existing problems could only be solved by a pan-European approach to � sheries policy. It would hardly serve any purpose if the German � shing � eet were to reduce its capacity as planned if in other EU countries the � sh-ing � eets were modernized and upgraded. German � shermen demand that artisanal coastal � sheries be better protected in the CFP reform. Although some � sheries, such as the crab � shery are not regulated by quotas, they have to meet the same require-ments as the industrial deep-sea � shery. � e new control instruments, which are planned as part of the CFP reform, suf-� ce fully for enforcing � shing quotas in the North and Baltic Seas. � is opens up the opportu-nity to considerably reduce the administrative burden, because additional restrictions of � shing e� ort such as limiting days at sea or kilowatt days would no longer be necessary.

A blanket discard ban for all � sh species is criticised by the German Fisheries Association (DFV), the Union of German Commercial and Recreational Fishermen. Some � sh species, for example young plaice and sole, which are caught within the North Sea shrimp � shery

have good chances of survival so that a complete ban on discards would increase the � shing mor-tality rate unnecessarily. In addi-tion, the e� ort required to utilize these � sh on land is often very great, and in no reasonable rela-tionship to its potential bene� ts. It would be better to di� erentiate the discard ban by � shing sec-tors and regions and to provide for exemptions. A mandatory introduction of intra-state and inter-state individual transfer-able quotas (ITQs) is rejected. Each EU member state should be able to decide on the intro-duction and re� nement of ITQ. � e reason given by the DFV is that a � exible quota transfer based on bartering is already in practice and that it meets the requirements for optimal resource management. Also, regarding the discard prob-lem the ITQ was no cure-all. In theory, a � sherman could buy the required quota for � sh spe-cies found in the by-catch. In practice, however, this was only possible if a quota holder were actually prepared to sell and the full quota had not been � shed. Mandatory surveillance cameras on board the vessels to moni-tor compliance with the discard ban (fully documented � shery) are rejected by the DFV: Camera

surveillance of workers without a given suspicion were unac-ceptable for ethical reasons and should be banned in Germany anyway.

Fisheries scientists welcome reduction

of subsidies

For NGOs and environmental-ists it was already clear before the start of the reform process that EU � sheries policy could not go on as before. Now that Europe’s seas had been nearly � shed empty, European � eets were increasingly evading the issue by � shing in the waters of many developing countries under “� sheries partnership agreements”. � e Green Group in the European Parliament is concerned that the CFP reform does not go far enough and will not solve the problems within � sheries. In a press release dated July 11 2011 the Green President Rebecca Harms says that the market-based approach of the Commission for the distribution of � shing rights is completely misguided. � e practice of trans-ferable � shing quotas could lead to speculation. Fishing rights would end up being granted only to those who could pay most. It would be even worse to award � shing rights according to past catches. A system of that kind would primarily reward those who had so far contrib-uted most to over� shing. Fishing rights should only be granted to those who made an important contribution to the promotion of � sheries-based coastal communities and could demon-strate that their activities did not damage the marine ecosystem.

Germany’s � sheries scientists hope that the reform will con-tribute towards closing obvious

gaps in the current CFP. Compro-mises would hardly be avoidable, because the EU Commission had to consider the claims of all mem-ber states who have an interest in marine � shing, and had to try to bring them under one umbrella. It was thus already clear that the reformed CFP would not be able to solve all problems simultane-ously. A lot of experts welcome the liberalization of the previously rigid quota policy. � e possibility to trade � shing licences within a country in future was a step in the right direction. An even greater liberalisation allowing a certain transfer of quotas across national borders, too, for exam-ple, to curb unintentional by-catches, was desirable. Under the current EU plans, the by-catch, which can sometimes represent up to a quarter of the total catch, should be landed in the future. � e � shermen will then have to buy an additional licence for these catches. Fishery research-ers see it as their responsibility to improve nets and � shing tech-niques to enable selective � shing and thus an overall reduction of the by-catch.

� e EU’s departure from its previous policy of subsidies is welcomed by most experts since subsidies also contribute towards over� shing. It had to be the objective of EU member coun-tries to put their � shing indus-tries on their own feet without these subsidies. � is would at the same time increase the pressure to reduce � shing � eets and adapt them better to the actual poten-tial of � sh resources. Together with the gradual introduction of the principle of “maximum sus-tainable yield” (MSY) for all � sh species by 2015 that would give the stocks a chance to recover and adjust to the right level.

MK

Fishery controls in the EU should in future not only be more stringent and more effective but also be uniform throughout Europe, to serve as a real deterrent.

07_DE.indd 40 19/09/11 7:00 PM


POLAND

Polish aquaculture and lake fi shing at the beginning of the 21st century

Recirculation technology establishes itself in PolandPolish aquaculture prides itself on its long tradition, which, in the case of carp farming, dates back to the Middle Ages. In recent years freshwater fi shing and aquaculture production accounts for only 10% of the domestic supply of fi sh for consumption, but the species offered are popular with consumers and appreciated for their quality. Apart from producing fi sh for consumption, aquaculture plays an important role in providing the material to restock ponds, lakes, rivers, and the Baltic Sea with numerous species of fi sh.

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The history of carp pro-duction in earth ponds in Poland spans over several

hundred years. For centuries, methods of farming this species have been constantly improved. � eir traditional character has nevertheless survived until now and includes: a production cycle lasting several years and depend-ing directly on climatic conditions (mainly on water temperature), a large share of natural food sources from the pond in the diet, the use of mainly non- processed grains for feeding the � sh, and low production intensity, not exceeding 1,000 kg/ha in recent years in Poland.


08_Poland_PO.indd 41 19/09/11 7:01 PM

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POLAND

Cormorants cause signi� cant losses to

carp farmers

Land and climatic conditions in� uence the location of carp ponds, which are found mostly in southern and central Poland, in the strip between the eastern and western borders of the country. In 2009, the area of ponds amounted to 70.1 thousand ha, out of which around 51.7 thousand was used for � sh production. Until the beginning of ownership transfers in agriculture in 1991, state � sh holdings belonging to various institutions held around 78 of total pond area, whereas about 15 belonged to private owners. � e privatisation process of former state holdings has not

� nished yet. Nearly 1,000 carp farms are registered as commer-cial activities. Although holdings up to 50 ha constitute around 75 of all Polish farms, their share in commercial carp production is much lower, amounting to less than 20 (Table 1).

With the largest total earth pond area in Europe, Poland has been the leading country in terms of carp production in the European Union for years. Losses caused by piscivorous animals (mainly great cormorants) and health problems have caused commer-cial carp production to decline by 34 between 2000 and 2007 (Figure 1). Since carp is a funda-mental element of the Christmas table in Poland, about 80 of the

annual production is sold around Christmas. � e capacity of the Polish carp market has been estimated to be 20,000 tonnes in recent years; shortages are sup-plemented by imports of live carp mainly from the Czech Republic and Lithuania.

Polyculture yields several bene� ts

More e� ective utilisation of the natural food in ponds without limiting carp growth, higher pond productivity thereby increasing pro� tability, and increasing the range of species on o� er, are all sound arguments for increasing the production of additional spe-cies. Annual production of addi-tional species for consumption,

mainly grass, silver, crucian and bighead carps, pike, tench, wels cat� sh, and pikeperch, oscillates between 1,500 and 2,500 tonnes. Pond production of common carp fry and juveniles for stock-ing amounted to 8,300 tonnes in 2009, while the production for other species was around 1,000 tonnes. � e prospects for carp production have been improved by Community funds � owing into the sector since 2004. � ey have allowed many carp producers to make signi� cant investments, for example, in pond moderni-sation, in specialist equipment, and in improved farm manage-ment. Payments to certain carp pond users to compensate for joining water and environment programme have also begun.

In 2009, the area of ponds amounted to 70.1 thousand ha, out of which around 51.7 thousand ha was used for � sh production.

Carp is a fundamental element of the Christmas table in Poland, about 80% of the annual production is sold around Christmas.

And

rzej

Lir

ski

And

rzej

Lir

ski

Table 1. Area of commercial farms producing carp in earth ponds in 2009Area (ha) Number of holdings Percentage of the total Percentage of the area Percentage of productionup to 5 227 25 0.9 1.6

5 to 50 450 49.5 13.9 15.6

50 to 100 95 10.5 11 9.5

100 to 500 118 13 39.2 42.7

500 to 1 000 14 1.5 16 20.5

above 1 000 5 0.5 19.1 10.1

Total 909

08_Poland_PO.indd 42 19/09/11 7:01 PM

POLAND


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A biological � lter on a trout farm. EU funds have been used to modernise trout farms and introduce new technology to make them more environmentally compatible.

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yczk

o Rainbow trout farms interested in sustainability

� e � rst commercial rainbow trout were produced in Poland in the early 1920s. Until the six-ties it was farmed at a few Polish Anglers’ Association hatcheries as a luxury product. In the early seventies new rainbow trout farms were established by state-owned enterprises, as well as the Polish Anglers’ Association and private farmers. � is acti vity resulted from easily accessible and cheap loans and was sup-ported by Inland Fisheries Insti-tute training and extension activ-ities. Rainbow trout production accelerated as Polish farmers were trained by Danish experts and were introduced to mod-ern farming and environ mental

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Hatcheries produce material to restock natural water bodies with several species including pike, vendace, white� sh, pikeperch, and cat� sh.

Polish � sh farmers are producing new species such as barramundi (picture) and African sharptooth cat� sh and experimenting with farming pikeperch in recirculation systems.

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during the natural spawning sea-son. Most hatcheries utilised sim-ple technical solutions. Recently, Polish hatcheries have introduced modern technical solutions and equipment including recirculation systems (RAS) thanks to � nancial support from the EU structural funds. Between 2004 and 2010, the value of stocking material (for 28 species) introduced to open waters doubled (Table 2).

Currently, the so-called "diffi-cult species," requiring thermal and/or hormonal stimulation are reproduced in hatcheries, like, for example, pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), wels cat-fish (Silurus glanis) or rheo-philic (preferring fast-moving water) fish. Post-season repro-duction techniques for such species have been mastered. As a result, the percentage share of roe of other species incubated in Polish hatcheries (apart from prevailing pike and vendace) has grown from 6 (in 1990s) to nearly 20 of the total volume. Based on material produced in hatcheries, endeavours to resti-tute Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in Polish waters are under way (see next article). Fish farms keep a spawning

Table 2. Value of stocking material introduced to Polish open waters between 2004 and 2010.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Total stocking value (EUR milion) 9.4 9.6 10.5 11.3 11.5

EUR/ha* 16.7 18 19.5 20.9 21.1

* stocking concerns ca. 380 thousand ha of lakes, rivers and dammed reservoirs used for fi shing purposes

protection technologies. As a result old farms were modern-ized and new ones equipped with systems, such as sedimenta-tion ponds, or recirculation tech-nologies, to clean the discharge water.

After joining the EU, the moderni-zation process continued to gather speed, supported by the Secto-ral Operational Programme. � e development of trout production in Poland is illustrated in Figure 2. Several factors contributed to this rapid and steady development:

– the potential of the domestic market, where � sh consump-tion in 2009 amounted to 13.5 kg per capita annually, and a grow-ing demand for healthy food;

– high education level, with more than 60 of the trout farmers in possession of a uni-versity degree;

– farmers are well organized. � e sector is represented at the Polish Fishermen’s Asso-ciation by the Polish Trout Breeders’ Association (a FEAP member since 1992);

– a modern � sh processing ind-ustry that facilitates the export of high quality rainbow trout products;

– e� ective cooperation with res-earch institutions allowing theexchange of opinions and rapid dissemination of new � sh farming technologies and methods.

Last year 171 trout farms existed in Poland, 147 of which reported commercial � sh production of 12,650 tonnes. Apart from rain-bow trout, many farms produce stocking material for salmon, sea and brown trout, grayling, anadro-mous white� sh and huchen (Dan-ube salmon), which promotes the

preservation of these endangered species. Investments to modern-ise farms to improve water use (by aeration and recirculation), and to clean farm e� uents, illustrate that Polish trout farming is serious about the sustainable use of fresh-water resources.

Hatcheries play important role in

restocking

One of the � rst European hatcher-ies was established in Poland prob-ably around 1848. Polish hatcheries at that time produced salmon fry for open waters stocking. Until the 1990s the stocking material was for mainly three species, vendace (Coregonus albula), pike (Esox lucius), and white� sh (Coregonus lavaretus). Reproductive material was acquired without hormonal stimulation, from wild spawners caught in natural water bodies

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Table 3. Commercial fi sh catches in Polish lakes in 2009Species Tonnes Species TonnesVendace 224.4 Bream large 195.8

Whitefi sh 8.88 Bream medium 319.86

European eel 110.42 Bream small 171.82

Pikeperch 97.32 Bream total 687.47

Pike 284.17 White bream 93.28

Tench 140.61 Common carp 32.84

Perch large 103.61 Grass carp 2.37

Perch small 39.38 Bullhead carp 72.49

Perch total 142.99 Smelt 32.67

Crucian carp 93.02 Wels 1.95

Roach large 178.28 Other 15.76

Roach small 173.76 Total 2392.68

Roach total 352.04

is estimated to reach a volume of 400 tonnes per year. New farms for this species, co-� nanced, among others, by the EU structural funds, have been established, which will increase production further. � e production of sturgeons is also developing promisingly in RAS, as well as on trout and carp farms. Currently ca. 400 tonnes of � sh for consumption are produced and the production of caviar has also begun (300-350 kg per annum). Large farms equipped with several dozen recirculation aquaculture systems of di� erent sizes and hydroponic cultivation systems produce sev-eral dozen tonnes of barramundi (Lates calcarifer). At the moment, a rearing facility equipped with RAS for a target annual production of several hundred tonnes of alien � sh species is under construction subsidised by EU structural funds.

and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) are reared on arti� cial fodder. African sharptooth cat� sh (Clarias gariepinus) is also being reared under RAS in Poland and

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The yield from capture � sheries from lakes has declined to 2,300 tonnes from a peak of 7,000 to 8,000 tonnes in part because of predation by cormorants.

biomass of endangered species, for example, whitefish and gray-ling (Thymallus thymallus), which allows regular stocking of natural waters with these spe-cies. Hatcheries in Poland are thus an important tool to pre-serve the biodiversity of natural water ecosystems.

New assortment of stocking material and

new species

Stocking material is increasingly produced in hatcheries equi p-ped with recirculation systems. Currently, over a dozen species of � sh including white� sh, pike,

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Figure 1 Carp production from 2006 to 2010 Figure 2 Rainbow trout production from 2002 to 2009

� e production of domestic spe-cies of � sh, such as pikeperch, in this type of intensive breeding systems is a real possibility that has already been tried on a pilot scale.

Sharp decline in commercial catches

from lakes

� e total area of lakes used for � shing purposes in Poland

amounts to about 270 thousand ha and is used by around 600 operators. � e largest area is used by companies of di� erent types, established mainly by for-mer state � sh holdings’ manag-ers and employees, followed by the Polish Anglers’ Association, private persons (often � shers previously employed by state holdings) and � nally, by other entities (e.g. national parks, schools, recreation centres). In

their prime, state � sh holdings were responsible for between 7,000 and 8,000 tonnes of � sh, but by 2009 the volume of com-mercial catches from lakes amounted to only 2,392 tonnes. Over 16 � sh species appear reg-ularly in lake catches, but only seven exceeded 100 tonnes, the largest of which were bream, roach, pike and vendace (Table 3). With the decline in catches productivity has naturally also

With the largest total earth pond area in Europe, Poland has been the leading country in terms of carp production in the European Union for years.

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Source: Inland Fisheries Institute

Rainbow trout production in Poland

Source: FAO

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fallen from more than 25 to less than 9 kg/ha.

In 2009 � sh farms introduced 17 � sh species and 1 cray� sh species to the lakes they use. � e species were as follows, starting from the most frequently stocked: pike, tench, European eel, pikeperch, vendace, common carp, white� sh, wels, crucian carp, roach, bream, perch, grass carp, lake trout, bull-head carp, ide, asp, cray� sh. In terms of the number of farms, the area of stocking and the � nancial value of stocking, pike is visibly in the lead followed by vendace, eel, white� sh and tench. � e great-est problem faced by lake � shing is the great cormorant, which is growing steadily in number. It is estimated that cormorants are the largest harvesters of � sh from the lakes, followed by anglers, whose catches are over three times as large as the commercial � shers’, who follow in third place.

Krzysztof Goryczko, Andrzej Lirski, Arkadiusz Wołos, Zdzisław ZakesInland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland

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The genus oxyrinchus was one of the largest represent-atives of the Acipenseridae

family. � e biggest specimens weig hed more than 200 kg, with a length of 3.0 m. At the beginning of the 20th century the Baltic sturgeon played an important economic role with catches above 200 tonnes, of which over 50 were in the Gdansk Bay and the Vistula river (Figure 1). However, in the � rst decades of the 20th century the decline in the sturgeon population was so huge that by the end of 1920s annual catches were no more than an insigni� cant number of speci-mens. In the second half of the 20th century, when the Baltic sturgeon was under strict protection, � shers caught several dozen specimens in Poland’s territory. � e last repre-sentatives of the Baltic sturgeon of the Vistula river population were probably caught in the Vistula river north of the City of Torun in 1965 and in the river mouth zone in 1972. In 1996 a female sturgeon weigh-ing of 135 kg and a length of 2.7 m was caught in Estonian territorial waters close to the Saarema Island. � is was the last Baltic sturgeon catch recorded suggesting that its population was totally extinct.

Identifying the type of sturgeon in the Baltic Sea

Until recently the prevailing view was that the Baltic Sea was inha-bited by the European Atlantic

Recovery of Baltic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill in Poland

Sturgeon restocking programme gives positive results

Baltic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus caught close to the Estonian coast in 1998.

The Baltic sturgeon was the only representative of the genus Acipenser living in two environments in the Baltic Sea. Mature specimens migrated to their spawning grounds in the upper reaches of the rivers Neva, Volkhov, Drina, Neman, Pregolya, Vistula, and Oder or their tributaries.

sturgeon Acipenser sturio L. But signi� cant di� erences were found between representatives of the Bal-tic population and those of other European populations, i.e. from the Black Sea and the Atlantic, and at the same time the similarity of the for-mer to the North American Atlan-tic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill had been noted by some. However, in the opinion of � sher-ies taxonomists the di� erences were not su� cient to claim that the Baltic Sea was inhabited by a species other than Acipenser sturio.

A breakthrough in the views on the systematic status of the Baltic sturgeon was achieved with the

results of the comparative stud-ies of mitochondrial DNA of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic pop-ulations and A. oxyrinchus. � ese demonstrated a genetic similarity between the Baltic sturgeon and the Atlantic sturgeon found along the North American coast. Finally, the species status of the sturgeon inhabiting the southern part of the Baltic Sea was clari� ed by ana-lysing DNA sequences isolated from archaeological and museum material collected in Poland. � ey unequivocally showed that from the 4th to 5th century it was the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxy-rinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill which was present in this area.

Programme to reintroduce A. oxyrinchus to the

Baltic Sea

A series of favourable environmen-tal changes that took place at the beginning of the 21st century in the southern part of the Baltic Sea and the clari� ed species status of the Bal-tic sturgeon persuaded the Inland Fisheries Institute to initiate a Bal-tic sturgeon recovery programme. � is was based on the rearing in captivity of hatchlings from which future schools of spawners could be created – the source of mate-rial for restocking. � e programme also carried out pilot restocking to study adaptation capabilities

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and behaviour of sturgeon rea-red under controlled conditions.In the beginning the research was wholly � nanced by the Institute, but later co-� nanced through EU funds. � e basic stock for this work was fertilized spawn of Atlantic stur-geon from the St. John river natural population brought every year – starting from 2004 – to Poland from Canada. � e experimental and development work relating to the hatchlings and the rearing of potential spawners is mainly carried out in the state-of-the-art Sturgeon Hall, constructed in the area of the Acipenseridae Breeding Department of the Inland Fisheries Institute, funded by the Ekofundusz Foundation and co-� nanced by European Union funds. Older stur-geon hatchlings selected for further rearing are individually marked with PIT tags (an implanted r� d tag that identi� es an individual � sh) and genetically tested. In the future, after spawner schools are formed, this will enable the development of the matrix of crossings of particular specimens, in order to maintain the high genetic variability of their o� spring.

Close collaboration with German colleagues

In parallel to the work related to improving the breeding biotech-nology, research is conducted into the behaviour of the species in natural conditions. Starting as early as in 2006, the Drveca river, and more recently, the Wisłoka in the Vistula catchment as well as the Drava, Warta and Gwda in the Oder catchment were stocked in a pilot e� ort. � ese rivers were inhabited by the sturgeon in the past and currently they are char-acterized by favourable condi-tions for hatchling growth, and in the future for sturgeon spawn. Both stocking and research activities are carried out in coop-eration with colleagues from the

Experimental stocking of the Drveca river with heavy Atlantic sturgeon hatchlings.

Hydrobiology and Fisheries Insti-tute in Berlin. More than 70,000 hatchlings weighing from 5-9 g to 1600 – 1800 g were released into the Vistula catchment. Part of these � shes was reared in condi-tions close to natural (� sh pas-sage ponds) with access to natural feeds, and part in pools with arti� cial feedstu� . � e diversity of the stocking material and the environmental conditions ena-bled interesting observations about � sh behaviour in the river.

Out of the hatchlings released into the Vistula river over 2,000 were marked with external Carlin tags

and 150 had implanted radio or hydro-acoustic micro-transmitters to track the passage of the � sh in the river and the coastal areas of the Gdansk Bay. Telemetric test-ing in the Drveca river showed that specimens weighing above 50-60 g stayed from 2 to 5 weeks in this river, and then for a period of sev-eral months in the Vistula river and the coastal area of the Gdansk Bay. � ey found very good feed-ing conditions there according to information from � shers in the Vis-tula estuary and Gdansk Bay, who occasionally caught sturgeons in their nets. � e record weight gain of the hatchlings staying for several

Sturgeon Hall constructed at the Acipenseridae Breeding Department in Pieczarki in 2009, co-� nanced by EU funds.

months in the Vistula mouth area was more than 300. In addi-tion, information was obtained on some sturgeon catches in the Baltic Sea in zones remote from the Gdansk Bay. In 2009, a Dan-ish � sher caught a tagged sturgeon weighing 4.4 kg near Bornholm. In autumn that year several stur-geons were caught along the coast in the vicinity of Koszalin, Poland –the weight of the largest one was above 7 kg. And a sturgeon weighing 1.0 kg was caught in the Curonian Bay.

� e results obtained so far suggest that there are good reasons for the success of future restocking activi-ties. Atlantic sturgeon hatchlings show a healthy capacity to adapt to natural conditions and the favour-able environment enables them to maintain a high growth rate.

Ryszard Kolman, Andrzej Kapusta, Arkadiusz Duda, Mirosław Szczepkowski, Grzegorz Wiszniewski. Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo ul. Oczapowskiego 10, Poland;kolrys@in� sh.com.pl

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By now everybody is familiar with the term “cold chain” – that system of continu-

ous cooling that has to be followed during storage and transportation of certain products from the man-ufacturer to the wholesaler and retailer right up to the end con-sumer. It was only with the devel-opment of this system that global trade with perishable foodstuffs became possible, and adherence to the cold chain is the precondition for today’s situation where fresh fish can be offered in locations far from the coast. The number of products whose durability is linked to the maintenance of certain tem-peratures is increasing all the time. Not only are many foods highly sensitive in this respect but also a number of medical and chemi-cal products. And not all of them have to be kept cool: some prod-ucts require higher temperatures in order to preserve their quality.

Instead of using the term “cold chain” it might be more appropri-ate to say “temperature-controlled transportation chain”.

Even in the case of food, differ-ent temperatures are required for some product groups. Fresh meat, for example, should not exceed a temperature of 4° C and milk and dairy products must be kept below 8° C. Sometimes, even within an individual product group such as fruit or vegetables different condi-tions must be met. Whereas apples will keep fresh longest at 1-4° C mangoes prefer temperatures of around 12° C. On its journey from the producer to the consumer fro-zen fish should be kept at a con-stant icy temperature of minus 18 degrees Celsius. Already these few examples give an idea of how extensive and how complex logisti-cal requirements are for the storage and transportation of foodstuffs.

Specially equipped warehouses, loading units and vehicles are necessary for making sure that a food’s quality and durability, its nutritional value and flavour are not impaired or even spoiled so that it has to be destroyed. Today, refrigerated trucks often have mul-tiple temperature controlled cham-bers, so that each product can be transported at exactly the tempera-ture that is required by law.

Adhering to the prescribed tem-peratures alone is not enough, however, because EC Regulation 178/2002 also requires that the cold chain is continuously moni-tored and recorded at each relevant transfer point. A food’s “history” must be traceable at all the different stages of the process from the tak-ing over of the goods by the carrier to their handing over to the recipi-ent (“levels of responsibility”). Even though all parties generally cooper-

ate closely within the supply chain this goal is not always achieved. All too often, the controls are limited to measuring the temperature of incoming and outgoing goods, i.e. at transfer points. What tempera-ture conditions they may have been exposed to before or after, however, is too rarely considered... despite the fact that there are many ways of eliminating gaps in the documen-tation of the temperature profile along the supply chain.

Simple and affordable: time temperature

indicators

Time temperature indicators (TTI) constitute an elegant and relatively inexpensive solution. They can be stuck onto the product like a label which changes colour if the desired temperature is exceeded. Manufacturers of TTIs make use of some very different principles.

Adequate cooling ensures quality and freshnessThe usability and economic value of a lot of products – including foods – depend heavily on whether certain temperatures are maintained during their transport and storage. Deviations not only shorten a product’s shelf life but can also lead to its premature spoilage. But what possibilities are there for controlling continuous adherence to the required temperature?

Technical options for controlling the cold chain

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The OnVu technology from BASF and Freshpoint is based on pig-ments that change their colour over the course of time and in case of temperature variations. The higher the temperature the faster the dye on the OnVu label fades. After the label has been fixed onto the product and activated using UV light the TTI first darkens and then becomes paler over the course of time and as the temperature rises. When the activated colour indi-cator is the same as the reference colour (which is also printed on the label) the product’s durability has expired.

“Monitor Mark” from the US-based manufacturer 3M is made of coloured wax with a precisely defined melting point, which is covered with an extremely thin protective layer. When the preset temperature is exceeded the wax melts, penetrates to the outside and freezes visibly on the surface. In contrast to numerous com-petitor products these labels only show that a certain temperature has been exceeded and ignore eve-rything that happens below this critical limit. This simple aid can be very beneficial in the case of foods because where time-sensitive indi-cators are concerned consumers will unfortunately often prema-turely consider a product’s shelf-life to have expired or assume that it is already spoiled.

The U.S. companies Temptime and Lifelines Technologies offer partic-ularly good value indicators which work on the basis of polymers. Pol-ymers are giant molecules that are made of repetitive blocks which, depending on time and the ambi-ent temperature, link together and thereby become darker and darker. A disadvantage is, however, that this polymerization process starts immediately after manufacture, i.e. the TTI is activated directly after production and must therefore

be stored at temperatures below minus 25° C until used.

The TTI label from Cox Technolo-gies works with enzymes, whose activity brings about a colour change depending on the tem-perature. The label consists of two synthetic chambers, which must be broken to activate them. When broken, the liquids they contain – an oil and the enzyme – are mixed. With time the enzyme breaks down the molecules in the oil, whereby the initial green colour turns to yel-low. The higher the temperature, the faster this change takes place. A disadvantage here, however, is the fact that temperatures above 40° C destroy the enzyme. Labels that have become unusable due to heat still show the freshness of a product even after it has long been spoiled.

The TTI label for optical tempera-ture control from Topcryo is based on microorganisms that respond “biologically” to temperature fluctuations and their duration. There are 24 standard label vari-ants for 4°, 8° and 10° C in various time increments from 12-192 h so that the user will be able to find a suitable label for a large number of products. The frozen labels are activated by thawing. When the set levels (temperature, duration) are exceeded their colour changes from green to red.

Developed at the University of Münster the “PolyTakSys” chip uses an electrically conductive polymer which after activation by simple moistening begins to move slowly through an organo-electronic layer which is visible by means of the slow growth of a coloured bar. The mechanism is based on a special form of diffu-sion which is temperature depend-ent and produces a sharp colour display. This offers various ways of indicating freshness, for example a traffic light (from green / fresh to

red / expired), or the appearance of a warning indicating the expiry date of the product. The chip could also be linked to an RFID tag (radio frequency identification) that could transmit other information to a special reader electromagneti-cally. Foods in the refrigerated sec-tion that have passed their expiry date could trigger such a warning, for example.

RFID and cool data loggers for monitoring

temperature online

Due to their technical character-istics RFIDs are well suited to doc-umenting temperature profiles. The small chips can be placed directly on the product or even

inside larger packaging units. Their capacity is usually sufficient to record the temperature along the entire transport path from manufacturer to retailer without any gaps. Because the informa-tion is transmitted electromag-netically, no physical or visual contact between the chip and the reading device is necessary for communicating with the reader, which reads the collected data and transmits them to a com-puter. This promising technology is, however, as still too interfer-ence-prone and not yet ready for practical application. In spite of reusable RFID chips this method is also still fairly expensive. It will be some time before routine use in practice becomes possible.

In the GesySense Logger version data are first stored internally and later handed over via radio for data collection. This makes this series particularly suitable for mobile applications and in locations with poor transmission / reception.

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As an alternative, there is a simi-lar but technically much more sophisticated technology that uses a temperature data recorder, or cool data logger. This small device can be fixed / stationary, for exam-ple in cold storage or process-ing areas, or used for monitoring temperature during transport. The devices trigger an alert visually, acoustically or by cell phone if the cooling technique is not working properly or if the specified tem-perature limits are exceeded. In the basic version, these systems consist of one or more tempera-ture sensors and a data store. In refrigerated vehicles a printer will often be added to record the tem-perature profile during transpor-tation so that it can be presented to the customer upon delivery of the goods. On-line transmission of the real-time operating condi-tions, temperature data and pro-file is possible. This means that the refrigerated vehicle remains linked to the internet portals of potential interested parties, such as the forwarding company, the supplier or the food manufacturer during transport. The transmitted data give them the chance to opti-mally integrate the vehicles into their fleet management, or to link the delivery process directly with other operational processes.

The choice of technical solutions available for monitoring tempera-ture in the cold chain is almost overwhelming. In Germany, sev-eral well-known manufacturers offer individual products and complete solutions, e.g. Gesy-tec GmbH (Aachen), whose GesySense systems were devel-oped for device monitoring and wireless data collection via radio. In the GesySense Logger version data are first stored internally and later handed over via radio for data collection. This makes this series particularly suitable for mobile applications and in locations with

poor transmission / reception. Gesys systems are also used in the refrigerated sections of supermar-kets and for monitoring freezers.

With the temperature data logger TRED30-7 from the LogTag series the company CiK Solutions GmbH (Karlsruhe) has developed a device that allows temperature analysis even without a PC. With the help of its clear display and the integrated statistics memory (up to 7,770 tem-perature readings can be stored, measuring range from -40 ° C to +99 ° C) daily alarm, minimum, maximum, and alarm duration of the last 30 days are immediately available in addition to the cur-rent temperature value. With the LogTag Interface and the intuitive LogTag Analyzer these data can be presented in graphical or tabular format on a PC, sent by e-mail, or uploaded to an FTP server.

The EBI 25 wireless sensor sys-tem from ebro Electronic GmbH (Ingolstadt) is among other things suited to the wireless monitoring of temperatures in freezers, refrigera-tors and refrigeration equipment. Excess temperatures are imme-diately reported from the central ebro portal via SMS or e-mail.

EU CHILL-ON project expands range of

possibilities

Improving the quality, safety and transparency of chilled food in the supply chain was also the objec-tive of the major applied research project CHILL-ON, which was funded by the EU with more than EUR10 million. In the context of this project the TRACE CHILL system was developed. This software combines various technologies to enable communication and data management throughout the entire cold chain. In addition to internet-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) it also includes a Decision

Support System (DSS) which is based on predictions concern-ing the microbiology of individual products. CHILL-ON technologies were tested in practice during the project. The researchers accom-panied the transport of cod from Iceland to France, fish from Chile on its way to Spain, and frozen bass within a cold chain in China. All the data that they collected on the journey from the catch to process-ing, transportation by plane, truck or ship to the final retailers were transmitted wirelessly to a server and evaluated.

What logistical requirements are needed to ensure the cold chain in the global fish business is dem-onstrated clearly using the exam-ple of the Metro Group. The Trade Group Metro Cash & Carry is the largest marketer of fresh fish in Europe and has developed a com-prehensive control system which is mandatory for all parties involved in the supply chain. Fish farms and packing stations from Ice-land to Thailand must fulfil strict hygiene requirements, and adher-ence is constantly monitored on site. In the modern logistics centre the fish’s quality and freshness is checked under a constant temper-ature of 2° C prior to order picking. The vehicles that take the fish from

the storehouse to the markets are equipped with automatic temper-ature controls which continuously transmit the measured tempera-ture values to headquarters via satellite. If a defined threshold is exceeded, those responsible redi-rect the truck immediately to the nearest cold storage depot.

Fresh fish is displayed in the Metro Cash & Carry markets beneath crushed ice, frozen fish in freez-ers. Sensors monitor the tem-peratures and transmit the data to a central server. The system will alert if limits are exceeded so that products can be removed from the shelves as a precaution. At the same time, the control system automatically informs the mainte-nance service so that a technician can repair the defective cooling system. For its professional cus-tomers Metro Cash & Carry pro-vides cool boxes in their wholesale markets with special ice packs for fish purchases. There are auto-matic dispensers at which used ice packs can be replaced with new ones. At the wholesale mar-ket in Düsseldorf Metro is testing a special “chilled parking area” behind the checkout area where major customers can leave their full shopping carts while they fill up the next one. MK

The EBI 25 wireless sensor system from ebro Electronic GmbH (Ingolstadt) wirelessly monitors temperatures in in freezers, refrigerators and refrigeration equipment. Excess temperatures are immediately reported via SMS or e-mail.

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[ fraud ]

Importance of pre-shipment inspection

Pre-shipment inspection is considered to be one of the most important elements

of any import/export operation, especially when you are dealing with products as perishable as fish and seafood. Some nations even make the pre-shipment inspection mandatory for most of the goods imported into the country.

It can pay to be cautious when dealing with a

new supplier

How can you be sure that you will get what you are paying for with-out seeing the product? Are you sure that the fish you are buying is of acceptable quality and properly labelled? Does the loaded quan-tity correspond to that stated in the contract and in the invoice? Being a seafood buyer you should ask yourself all these questions before signing a deal with a new overseas supplier. Ignoring a pre-shipment inspection may cost you thousands of dollars as well as the possible loss of your reputation and business partners.

There are many cases where the buyer receives cheaper species instead of the more expensive one he had ordered, heavily over-glazed product, fish of different sizes and even completely rot-ten consignments of no value. In almost half these cases the buyer had no previous experience with the supplier and it was the first (and the last) time they were doing business together. All these problems could have been easily avoided if the buyer had insisted on a pre-shipment inspection of the cargo and used less risky pay-ment terms rather than a partial or full prepayment to an unknown supplier.

Elementary yet important procedures

The rules of safe purchase from a new supplier are simple:• Check the company first and

make sure it is not a bogus firm and that it is not a new-comer on the market.

• Offer a Letter of Credit as a payment for the product. As the banks are dealing with

Ensuring the quality and quantity of the purchased seafood is very important both for the supplier and the buyer. An independent pre-shipment inspection ensures that the buyer will receive the goods he had paid for and the seller avoids unfair quality claims. Unfortunately, many companies do not order the inspection and get into trouble.

Fraud in the seafood trade

documents, but not the goods, it is very important to guar-antee the quality of the prod-uct you are buying. To ensure the quality of the fish you need to add a report from an independent pre-shipment inspection to the set of export documents to be presented to the bank. If the seller does not plan to cheat you, it is always possible to agree on the text of the report and find an

inspection company accept-able by both parties. If it turns out that the quality of the consignment does not corre-spond to the contract and your requirements the exporter will not be paid.

There is another impor-tant point the buyers should remember. If the inspection report is not included with the set of export documents

An independent pre-shipment inspection will ensure that the buyer receives the goods he had paid for and the seller avoids unfair quality claims.

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10_FRD.indd 52 19/09/11 7:03 PM

www.eurofishmagazine.com Eurofish Magazine 5/ 2011 53

[ fraud ]

the seller can ship the fish and get paid even if the quality of the product is not satisfactory. Here is one example.

Importer A opened a Letter of Credit in favour of an overseas supplier B for the supply of one container of frozen fish. Before the goods were shipped the buyer ordered a pre- shipment inspection that showed that the quality of the product was lower than agreed. The seller contested the inspec-tion results and in spite of the fact that the buyer rejected the container, shipped the fish and sent the documents to the bank. The L/C was paid at sight as the buyer was not able to stop the payment.

• In the seafood business many deals are done on pre-payment basis and many companies do not want to work with Letters of Credit. For buyers located in certain countries prepayment is still the only way to pay for the imported product. Import-ers should remember that once the money is transferred to the seller the buyer has very little chance of influencing the exporter. In some countries it will be almost impossible to recover the loss and force the seller to compensate the damage.

inspection can provide a degree of security for the importer when he is dealing with a new supplier.

Nevertheless, despite the advan-tages of a pre-shipment inspec-tion, it is often ignored. Some of the reasons are presented here:

1. High costs of the inspection. “We are not making huge money on this shipment to afford extra costs”. This is not true. The costs of the inspec-tion may vary from 150 to 1000 Euros, depending on the required tests, country of origin, characteristics of the product and its quantity. Still this amount is a small part of the total costs of the consign-ment. Any possible problems with the quality and the quan-tity of the product will cost much more.

2. Difficulties with finding an inspection company in the country of loading. Sometimes it might take the buyer several days to be able to contact an inspection company. Often the buyer and the seller oper-ate in limited time frames and the importer does not have enough time to find an inspec-tion company. If you plan to import seafood from a cer-tain country, it is worth find-ing an inspection company in advance. When you have the price for the inspection and its terms of business, you can order the inspection at short notice.

3. Buyers are afraid that the local supplier will make a deal with the inspector and the report will show no quality or quan-tity problems even if they exist. This is very unlikely. Inspec-tion companies take care of their reputations and can go out of business shortly after

such facts become known. They make more money on inspec-tions than on closing their eyes to problems with a single shipment.

4. “The supplier looks reliable, why should we mistrust him?” Even if you see a solid webpage and have obtained good refer-ences about the exporter, it is still worth inspecting the goods, especially if it is your first deal with this company.

5. “We have done several ship-ments with this supplier. No problems so far, so why should we order the inspection?” Of course, if you know your part-ner and trust him, your business dealings are quicker and more efficient. However from time to time it is worth checking a shipment, especially if it is to be sold to one of your key custom-ers. This explanation should be accepted by the supplier and should not spoil your relations.

Pre-shipment inspection is very important when the product is bought from a small trading company that does not have its own production facilities. This is particularly the case when the shipment consists of sev-eral lots collected from different producers.

Importers may be more sure of the quality of the product when it is purchased directly from a well-known and established pro-ducer, as such companies have strict quality controls and care about their image in the market. However, such companies do not sell to everybody and care-fully choose their clients. Minor seafood operators therefore have to search for partners their equal and rely on a pre-shipment inspection to avoid problems with the product.

BL International Ltd. Company Fact File518, Eurotowers, Europort AvenueGibraltarTel: +350-54015717 / +44-20-

32395902Fax: +350-21628708 / +44-20-

30148627Email: [email protected]

Business activities: Anti-fraud consulting services, interna-tional claim exchange, debt recovery and conflict settlement assistance.

Manager: Alex SergeevArea of activity: worldwideClients: importers, exporters,

traders, and manufacturers

An advance payment guar-antee described in previous issues of Eurofish Magazine can be a good solution for the buyer to avoid losing the prepayment. Before trans-ferring the money the buyer demands a guarantee from the seller’s bank. Both parties have a signed contract where the quality of the product is described. The quality of the product should be confir-med by an independent pre- shipment inspection before the fish is shipped. If the qual-ity and the quantity of the product are different from that stated in the contract (it will be confirmed in the report issued by an independent surveyor) the seller will not be paid and the buyer can claim his pre-payment from the seller’s bank.

• Another option for the buyer to ensure the quality of the product is to issue a bank guarantee to the supplier. The quality of the fish should be clearly stated in the contract or in the guarantee and con-firmed by an independent pre-shipment inspection. If the quality does not correspond to the contract the seller will not receive the payment.

These methods of payment combined with a pre-shipment

10_FRD.indd 53 19/09/11 7:03 PM

Baader, Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. GmbH&Co. KGGeniner Str. 249 D 23560 Luebeck Germany Tel.: +49 451/5302-0 Fax: +49 451 5302492 [email protected] www.baader.com

Marketing manager: Ms. Regina Dedow

Products: Fish and poultry pro-cessing machinery as well as turnkey processing solutions

Markets: Global


[ TECHNOLOGY ]

Skagerak Salmon has a long-standing partnership with Baader, a manufacturer

of � sh and poultry processing machinery as well as turnkey pro-cessing solutions. In 2008 Baader supplied Skagerak Salmon with a Salmon Solution. � e system encompassed emptying the raw material boxes, heading, � lleting, trimming, weighing, by-product handling, and production con-trol, all the way to freezing and packaging. � e company is now upgrading to the new Baader 581 � lleting machine which o� ers the advantages of higher yields, improved capacity and a better quality end product. It has a wide working range of 2-7 kg � sh, with-out the need for adjustments. � e machine reduces mechani-cal stress on the � llet, giving an improved surface appearance and on top of everything else is very easy to operate.

Better quality at a reasonable price

� e new machine chimes with the Skagerak Salmon vision of supplying mainly fresh products to higher-end markets in Central Europe. We want to be known as a reliable supplier of quality prod-ucts at a reasonable price, says

Peter Luxhøi, director of Skagerak Salmon. We achieve this with the help of the higher yields from the Baader machine. One of the big-gest and most e� cient produc-ers of smoked salmon, the Polish company Morpol, has also opted for the Baader 581. Tomasz Pyjor, production manager at Morpol says that the machine has been running for 20 hours a day since its installation without problems, handling salmon as well as trout and defrosted sockeye.

At Skagerak Salmon the raw material is carefully evaluated for texture as well as for the neatness of the gutting process. A good cut and a really clean belly is the best precondition for a high yield, says Mr Luxhøi, and we � nd that the Baader gutting machine per-forms very well in this regard. � e company has also invested in a new salmon line from Baader that is e� cient and delivers excel-lent quality. We demand that the equipment is � rst of all reliable, with high yield and e� ciency, and, of course, good hygiene per-formance, says Mr Luxhøi. With the equipment we have achieved a signi� cant increase in capac-ity and yield and a considerably decrease in downgrading. Down-time is reduced and throughput

is higher thereby maintaining the low temperature in the � llet.

Back up with service and spares if needed

For Skagerak Salmon the reli-ability of Baader’s equipment played a role in the decision to invest, but also the fact that in case of problems there would be a professional team o� ering support in terms of spare parts and service. � at Baader is work-ing constantly to improve its machines and increase reliabil-ity and yield was also an impor-tant factor in selecting Baader

as supplier. � e range of Baader products also includes software to monitor its processing lines. � e software provides real time reports on each stage of the pro-cess allowing the line manager to make rapid adjustments to optimise e� ciency, quality and throughput. � e new high speed salmon processing line consists of a heading machine, � lleting machine, a � llet transfer unit, a trimming machine, a � nal con-trol unit and a weighing and grading system. All the units are linked by the management soft-ware allowing close monitoring and control of the system.

Software sends feedback to managers to optimise production

Baader closely integrates hardware and software to improve productivitySkagerak Salmon, part of the Skagerak Group, specialises in salmon products both semi-processed, but also increasingly portions for the retail market and more value-added products. About 60% of the production is fresh fi sh while the rest is frozen.

The new high speed salmon processing line consists of a heading machine, � lleting machine, a � llet transfer unit, a trimming machine, a � nal control unit and a weighing and grading system. All the units are linked by the management software allowing close monitoring and control of the system.

11_TECH.indd 54 19/09/11 7:09 PM

Dybvad Stål Industri A/SParkvej 5 DK 9352 Dybvad Denmark Tel.: +45 98 86 42 99 Fax: +45 98 86 46 60 [email protected]

www.dsi-as.com Sales Director:

Peter N. ChristensenProducts: Vertical and horizontal

plate freezersMarkets: Global

Euro� sh Magazine 5/ 2011 55www.euro� shmagazine.com

[ TECHNOLOGY ]

Dybvad Stål Industri (DSI), the Danish manufacturer of plate freezers, has

found that even in harsh economic times there is still a market for high quality products with user friendly designs, a strong focus on product reliability, and low maintenance costs, says Peter N. Christensen, the sales director. We are experiencing a boom in orders from both o� shore and onshore plants and from di� erent industry sectors including � sh-ing, pet food, meat and poultry, he adds. “I am convinced that our customers realise that disappoint-ment at low quality lasts much longer than pleasure at low prices.”

More than � fty models of vertical and horizontal

freezers

Plate freezers consist of a series of hollow � at, refrigerated alu-minium plates that are mounted parallel to each other and may be arranged either horizontally or vertically next to each other. � e material to be frozen can be packaged or unpackaged and is introduced in between the plates so that the plate surfaces are in close contact with the product to be frozen. � e frozen product is a block. DSI has more than � fty di� erent horizontal and vertical freezers that can be used in any application where plate freezing is required. � e company also

works closely with di� erent man-ufacturers of automatic loading and unloading systems to develop systems customised for the DSI plate freezers.

Almost the entire production (98) is exported to countries around the world. Behind the sales is an international network of refrigeration contractors and process equipment suppliers, who guarantee the correct instal-lation of the machinery and, crucially, are responsible for the after-sales service. Since DSI does not sell its freezers directly to the end-users the refrigeration contractors have a very important role to play. Over the years the company has built very strong ties with these consultants, who are the people in the � eld respon-sible for the satisfaction of the customers.

Energy saving with the CorePoint System

DSI is constantly improving on its equipment to ensure that it

incorporates the latest develop-ments in technology. � is means not only that new products are released at regular intervals, but that the company also keeps a close eye on its existing range with a view to improving the functions and features. For exam-ple, the company has developed a system to measure core tem-perature. Called the CorePoint System it measures the tempera-ture at the core of the product during the freezing process. � e system can be retro� tted to any of the company’s vertical plate

freezers and consists of a thermo sensor mounted in a probe that is inserted into the product. When the product is completely fro-zen it can be easily removed; the probe slides out smoothly and are ready for the next job.

� e CorePoint system o� ers a number of advantages including precise measurement of the core temperature, documented freez-ing temperatures, energy saving, reduction in emissions, fully con-trolled freezing time, and ease of installation. Only one kit is needed for each freezer. � e system gives full control over the freezing time for each freezer regardless of the di� erent initial temperatures of the product.

DSI is exhibiting at the Danish Pavilion, stand number D865 at Dan� sh in Aalborg, Denmark, 12-14 October 2011.

Dybvad Stål Industri makes high-quality plate freezers

User-friendly design and robust constructionThe market for plate freezers has always been fi ercely competitive. Over the last years, however, with the entry on to the market of Asian companies that can produce equipment at lower costs than their European counterparts, the focus has moved to innovation, reliability, and customer service.

Dybvad Stål Industri produces more than � fty models of horizontal and vertical plate freezers for sale around the world.

11_TECH.indd 55 19/09/11 7:09 PM

56 Eurofish Magazine 5/ 2011 www.eurofishmagazine.com

[ TRADE AND MARKETS ]

Promotion campaigns for bivalves likely to increase demand

Consuming bivalves has numerous health benefitsThe health benefits of fish are widely publicised, but the healthy attributes of bivalve molluscs have not received the same attention. Consumers are not aware that consumption of bivalves has the same beneficial effects on health and well-being as fish that are high in omega-3s.

Producers may focus on days such as Valentine’s Day and Christmas Eve that are traditionally times for eating bivalve molluscs to increase marketing opportuni-ties, but they should undertake greater efforts to attract consum-ers in the future. Last February the Mussel Industry Council of North America launched an aggressive marketing campaign to convince people to eat mus-sels more often, not just on spe-cial occasions. The Council used the slogan “Discover Mussels” to educate consumers and chefs and to allay fears about dealing with live shellfish. Chefs are an important target market, because 70% of the mussels consumed in the USA and 60% in Canada are eaten in restaurants. A similar exercise has been undertaken in Spain by the mussel farming sec-tor. A campaign was launched last December, which will be repeated in 2011, to increase domestic con-sumption and the presence of the bivalves on restaurant menus.

More mussels have Protected Designation of

Origin (PDO)

The Mussel Regulating Council of Galicia filed a second law-suit against a Galician company for fraudulent selling of cans of

foreign mussels as if they were produced in Galicia. The canning company attributed to “human error” the presence of the foreign mussel (Perna spp.) in cans labeled as a product of Galicia.

According to a report by the Gali-cian Mussel Regulatory Council, the Galician mussel sector had revenues of around EUR 400 mil-lion in 2010, but the sector is still suffering from the import of mus-sels, especially from the canning industry in Chile. Figures from PescaGalicia show that 96.8% of marine aquaculture production in Galicia is bivalves molluscs (mussels, clams, scallops and oysters) with a harvest of 215,681 tonnes in 2010 and a value of EUR 106.6 million at first sale, but the value represents only 63.68% of total aquaculture production because of the low price of mol-luscs, that, last year, were sold for an average price of EUR 0.49/kg. In the case of mussels, the average price in 2010 was EUR 0.41/kg, an increase of 3.69% compared with 2009, when mussels were trading on average at EUR 0.39/kg.

The establishment of and public-ity concerned with the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) of mussels in Galicia have not yet had a positive effect on prices. And now

mussels from France will have their own PDO, “Moules de bouchot de la Baie du Mont Saint Michel” for mussels farmed in “bouchots”, as published in the Official Journal of the European Union early in July. In the Bay of Mont Saint Michel in French Normandy, the blue mus-sel, Mytilus edulis, accounts for 95% of production compared with 5% for the Mediterranean mussel, M. galloprovincialis.In 2010 France imported 58 100 tonnes of mussels, mainly from the Netherlands, Spain and Chile. In the first quarter of this year, the amount decreased from 17,400 tonnes in 2010 to 14,700 tonnes this year. The Netherlands sup-plies 33% of the shared market. In the case of Italy, Spain accounts for 60% of the imports by that market, but it has also registered a decline in the first three months of 2011. The total import of mus-sels to Italy was 10,500 tonnes, with Spanish mussels decreasing from 7,900 tonnes to 6,400 tonnes, according to national statistics.

Chilean mussels from Patagonia

The Association of mussel farm-ers in Chile (AmiChile) recently launched a campaign to highlight the competitive advantages of the Chilean mussel (Mytilus chilensis)

and to increase exports of sea-food and aquaculture products. The focus of this campaign will be initially aimed at the Russian market, a country with more than 140 million people with stead-ily increasing consumption of seafood. In recent years, Chilean mussel exports to Russia increased from 547 tonnes from 2009 to 1 841 tonnes in 2010, securing 37% of the market, which shows the enor-mous potential for export growth in this attractive market. According to reports by Prochile, AmiChile expects to reach 50% of the Rus-sian market in 2011, displacing its main competitors, mussels from New Zealand and China.

The initial step in this campaign has been to build a value-added brand for the sector and to create an iden-tity for all Chilean mussels exported to international markets under the name “Patagonia Mussel”. This is the industry sector brand for mus-sel producers and “Seafood Chile,” is the generic brand of the seafood sector in Chile.

Namibian oysters

According to a Market Study by INFOSA, Namibia is becoming internationally recognised as an attractive supplier of top quality oysters, with considerable potential

12_Trade and Markets.indd 56 19/09/11 7:09 PM

Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011 57www.eurofishmagazine.com

Rim

ini F

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[ TRADE AND MARKETS ]

for growth. The cold but nutrient-rich waters of the Benguela Current off the coast of Namibia provide an ideal habitat for raising oysters. As there are no indigenous species of oyster spat has to be imported, largely from Chile. The main spe-cies used are the European oys-ter (Ostrea edulis) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostreas gigas) Almost all the oysters are exported, to countries such as China and Ger-many, but South Africa takes most of the export volume. Production in 2010 was predicted to reach 800 tonnes, with a value of EUR2.6m (NAD26,228,084). Marketing ana-lysts recommend focusing on a regional brand to improve the image of the sector.

Scallops fraud is still a concern

Fraud is still a serious concern among members of the American seafood industry. Last November the American Scallop Association announced an “economic integ-rity pledge” among its members, and a system of self-policing, in an effort to step up measures to com-bat fraud through accurate prod-uct labeling. Mislabeling imports, such as labeling Japanese scallop imports as USA domestic pro-duction, is used fraudulently to obtain higher prices or substitute for lack of supply.

Scallops are a tempting target for fraud because they naturally absorb and retain large quanti-ties of water and can be forced to retain excessive amounts, leading to inaccurate and illegal weights. This year prices for big-ger shellfish have risen to USD 11 providing even more incentive for illegal activities. The prices are driven by a weaker dollar making American-caught scallops a bar-gain for European importers, and concerns in Asia about Japanese seafood as the Fukushima nuclear

reactor crisis continues. Japan is the world largest scallop producer by far, producing a total of 565 600 tonnes in 2009, almost exclusively for the domestic market.

More scallops from Peru

Spain ranked as the top destina-tion for exports of Peruvian mol-lusc with purchases of USD 27.2 million in the first quarter of the year, followed by China, France, USA and the Republic of Korea, reported the Peruvian Associa-tion of Exporters (ADEX).Adex indicated that between January and March this year shell-fish sales grew by 80% to total USD 136.5 million, representing 57% of total shipments of the non-traditional fishing sub-sector in the period, which reached USD 237.8 million. The value in the first quar-ter of 2011 is higher than in previ-ous years, including in 2008, when the sum was USD 57.7 million.

In Spain, Europe’s second larg-est scallop market after France, imports the main supplier is sur-prisingly Italy. In the first quarter of 2011 Italy supplied 884 tonnes, a considerable decrease from the 1 958 tonnes imported by Spain

from Italy in 2010. Peru is the major supplier to the EU with markets in both France, Spain and Italy.

New products from mollusc shells

The Andalusian Aquaculture Technology Centre (Ctaqua) and Sanasur Laboratories have col-laborated to find new uses for the by-products of aquacultured species. One of these initiatives involves grinding up the shells of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to use as ingredients in cosmetic prod-ucts. Mollusc shells were identi-fied as an excellent raw material for use in cosmetics, thanks to the high content of calcium car-bonate and mother-of-pearl, and the shells’ exfoliating and revi-talising properties. Creams using oyster shell raw material will soon be available in pharmacies, and Sanasur is working on other products including depigmenta-tion creams, exfoliating gel and glycerine soap. It can also be used as a dietary supplement for addi-tional calcium. This project shows how innovation and research can contribute to increasing the prof-itability of resources and improv-ing environmental sustainability.

Viet Nam is not just pangasius

The successful history of Viet Nam´s pangasius has allowed for the opportunity to introduce new species to EU market. According to VASEP, in the first two months of 2011, Viet Nam exported 4 250 tonnes of bivalve molluscs, worth USD 12.4 million to the EU, up 3% in volume and 3.7% in value compared to the same period in 2010. The EU is the most important importer in terms of value, accounting for 68.8% of total export, the equiva-lent of USD 7.5 million. Exports to EU member countries such as Spain, Portugal and Italy were high in value, representing a large pro-portion of the total mollusc export from Viet Nam.

Outlook

With several countries actively pro-moting the consumption of bivalve molluscs and the establishment of Protected Designation of Origins, demand for species such as mus-sels, oysters and scallops should grow beyond the special occasions when they are consumed at present.

FAO GLOBEFISH

Several countries have launched campaigns to inform consumers that eating bivalves offers similar benefits as consuming fish rich in omega-3s.

12_Trade and Markets.indd 57 19/09/11 7:09 PM

Chapter Four: Project planning and implementation

The idea of building a recirculation fi sh farm is often based on very diff erent

views on what is important and what is interesting. People tend to focus on things they already know or things they fi nd most exciting, and in the process forget about other aspects of the project.

Four major issues should be addressed before launching a project: • Price and market for the fi sh

in question • Site selection and produc

tion technology • Work force including a com

mitted manager • Financing the project all the

way to a running business

Survey the market as a fi rst step

As discussed earlier, the very fi rst thing to identify is whether the fi sh in question can be sold at acceptable prices and in suffi cient volumes. It is therefore important to carry out a proper market survey before any further steps are taken. It is also important to identify what kind of production system will be needed to make the product in question, and also fi nd out where to build it. A preproject design will most often be helpful, so that the relevant authorities can be approached for permits for construction, water usage, discharge

etc. Finding skilled employees is vital, so that the management of the farm can be well taken care of. It is of utmost importance to fi nd an overall manager, who is fully committed to the job, wanting to succeed as much as the shareholders do.

Th e requirement for fi nancing is far too often underestimated. Th e capital costs are very high when starting up a new plant from scratch, and investors seem to forget that producing fi sh is a longterm aff air. Th e time from starting the construction and getting the fi rst payback from fi sh sold takes typically from one to two years. Careful preparation of budgets is therefore of vital importance.

In order to get a systematic overview of the whole project, a business plan should be elaborated. It is beyond the scope of this guide to go into details on how to write a business plan or how to conduct a market survey for that matter. Detailed information on such subjects must be sought elsewhere. However, in the following, a draft for a business plan and examples of budgets and fi nancial calculations are given in order to guide the reader and make him aware of the challenges when setting up a fi sh farming project. A good introduction for starting up a business can be seen at www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action

and samples of business plans are available at www.bplans.co.uk/sample_business_plans.cfm (Palo Alto Software Ltd).

Update the production plan regularly

It is also important to plan in detail the production of the fi sh, and incorporate the plan carefully into the budgets. Th e production plan is the basic working document when it comes to the success or failure of the production output. Th e produc tion plan should be revised regularly as farmed fi sh most often perform better or worse in practice than planned in theory. Working out a production plan is basically a matter of calculating the growth of the fi sh stock, typically from one month to the next. Several software progr ams are available for calculating and planning the production. Th ey are however all based on computation of interest using the growth rate in percent per day of the fi sh in question. Th e growth rate depends on the species of fi sh, the size of fi sh and the water temperature. Different species of fi sh have diff erent optimal rearing temperatures depending on their natural habitat, and smaller fi sh have higher growth rates than larger fi sh.

Th e feed intake, and the feed conversion rate (FCR) of the feed, is of course an integrated part of

these calculations. An easy way of approaching the production plan is to obtain a feeding table for the fi sh in question. Such tables are available at the feed manufacturers, and the tables take into consideration the fi sh species, the size of fi sh, the water temperature (see Figure 4.3). Dividing the feeding rate by the FCR will give you the growth rate of the fi sh. Th e weight gain from one day to the other can hereafter be calculated using the computation of interest expressed by:

Kn = K

0(1+r)

n

where “n” is the number of days, “K0” is the fi sh weight at day 0, and “Kn” is the fi sh weight at the “n”th day. A fi sh of 100 grams growing at 1.2% per day will in 28 days weigh:

K28days = K100 gram (1+0.012)28 days

= 100(1.012)28 = 139.7 gram

Whatever the size or numbers of fi sh, this equation can be used for calculating the growth of the fi sh stock, making a precise production plan and incorporating when to grade and divide the fi sh into more tanks. Also, it should be remembered to subtract losses in the population when working out the production plan. It is advisable to calculate on a monthly basis, and to use a mortality factor of approximately 1% per month depending though on experience.

Project idea Marketsurvey

Business plan Pre project /Design

Construction SalesProduction

Figure 4.1 Flow from project idea to end product

58 Eurofi sh Magazine 5 / 2011 www.eurofi shmagazine.com

[ AQUACULTURE ]

Guide to Recirculation Aquaculture

13_Aquaculture.indd 58 19/09/11 7:09 PM

A month should not be calculated as 30 full days as there will normally be days in a month where the fish are not fed due to managerial procedures, which is why 28 days is used in the example above.

To sum up on the budgets required in the business plan, these include: • Investment budget (total

capital costs) • Operational expenses bud get

(starting up the business)

• Cash budget (business up and running)

It is always advised to consult a professional accountant to make thorough budgets in order to account for all expenses. A well documented budget is also necessary for convincing investors, getting a bank loan and for approaching funding institutions. For new EU countries there are support programmes that

in some case can support up to 70% of the needed investment.

Several factors determine costs

The investment budget depends strongly on the construction of the recirculation plant, which again depends on the country and local conditions in the construction area. An example of

an investment budget with estimated figures in percent is shown. Purchase of land is not included.Construction costs depend not only on local building costs, but also on fish species and farm size. Generally grand total investment cost all included will reach up to 10 EUR per kg produced for systems of 100 tonnes per year with all facilities from broodstock over weaning and fry rearing to

New SeriesGuide to Recirculation Aquaculture

The Guide to Recirculation Aquaculture is the result of a collaboration between EUROFISH, Thomas MothPoulsen, FAO Fisheries Officer for Central and Eastern Europe, and Jacob Bregnballe, Akva Group, who authored the book.The stringent environmental restrictions to minimize pollution from hatcheries and aquaculture plants in northern European countries have sparked the rapid technological development of recirculation systems. However, recirculation also secures a higher and more stable aquaculture production with less diseases and better ways to control the parameters that influence growth. Stateoftheart of the recirculation methods use far less water than conventional flowthrough farms and sophisticated filtering technologies are used to treat the water. Recirculation systems thereby offer two immediate advantages: cost effectiveness and reduced environmental impact. However, running these systems calls for additional skills and training and the hope is that the Guide to Recirculation Aquaculture will provide readers with some useful insights into the workings of recirculation systems.The Guide will be serialised over the next issues of the Eurofish Magazine. It is also available as a hard copy from the shop on the EUROFISH webite, www.eurofish.dk for EUR35.

Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to recirculation

aquaculture (EM5 2010)Chapter 2: The recirculation system step by step Components in a recirculation system Fish tanks Mechanical filtration Biological treatment Degassing, aeration, and stripping Oxygenation Utraviolet light Ozone PH regulation Heat exchange Pumps Monitoring, control and alarms Emergency system Intake waterChapter 3: Fish species in recirculationChapter 4: Project planning and implementationChapter 5: Running a recirculation system.Chapter 6: Waste water treatmentChapter 7: Disease

Chapter 8: Case story examples Salmon smolt production in Chile Turbot farming in China. Model trout farms in Denmark Recirculation and restocking Mega farmsReferences Appendix Checklist when implementing a recirculation system.

Figure 4.2 Main items of a business plan (modified from Palo Alto Software Ltd.).

1. Executive Summary:

Objective, mission and keys to success

2. Company Summary:

Company ownership, partners

3. Products:

Analysis of produce

4. Market Analysis Summary:

How is the segmentation in the market?

What will be the target market? What does the market need?

Competitors?

5. Strategy and Implementation Summary

Competitive edge

Sales strategy

Sales forecast

6. Management Summary

Personnel plan and company organisation

7. Financial Plan

Important assumptions

Break-even analysis

Projected profit and loss

Cash flow and balance sheet

www.eurofishmagazine.com Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011 59

[ AQUACULTURE ]


Figure 4.3 Example of recommended feeding rate for different sizes of sturgeon given in percentage of fish weight at different water temperatures. Feeding should be adapted to the production strategy and rearing conditions, likewise the choice of feed type. Feeding according to the recommended level will give the best FCR thus saving feed costs and lowering excretion. Pushing the feeding rate to a higher level will enhance growth at the expense of a higher FCR. Source: BioMar.

Fish size g Pellet size mm 13°C 15°C 17°C 19°C 21°C 23°C 25°C 27°C 29°C50-100 3.0 0.60 0.89 1.04 1.19 1.39 1.44 1.34 1.19 0.99

100-200 3.0 0.50 0.80 0.99 1.09 1.19 1.24 1.14 0.99 0.80

200-800 4.5 0.45 0.70 0.85 0.94 1.04 1.04 0.94 0.85 0.70

800-1500 4.5 0.35 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.85 0.75 0.60 0.40

1500-3000 6.5 0.20 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.45 0.30

3000-5000 9.0 0.15 0.25 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.44 0.34 0.20

5000-10000 9.0 0.12 0.20 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.35 0.28 0.16

Figure 4.5 Example of cost distribution of a large farm for portion sized trout (2000 tonnes/year) taking in fingerlings and growing them to 300-500 grams. Total production cost per kilo live fish produced is less than 2 EUR per kg. The total investment cost for such a fully recirculation in-house system is around 4 EUR per kg production (total 8 mio. EUR).

Investment budget (capital costs) 100%Building 36%

Equipment 26%

Concrete for water treatment 12%

Fish tanks 12%

Piping 3%

Installation 2%

Transport 2%

Heating and chilling 2%

Feed and light systems 2%

Electrical work 1%

Grading equipment 1%

Walkways 1%

Figure 4.4 Example of investment budget for a fully recirculation in-house system with estimated figures in percent

final growout. The less expensive end systems will cost as little as 2.5 EUR per kg produced for systems of 1,000 tonnes designed only for growout and without roofing. Examples from western European countries of the establishment costs are in the area of 3 million EUR for a complete 1,000 tonnes recirculation outdoor trout farming system (in 2009). The overall costs are highly dependent on whether the system is supposed to take care of all fish stages or just the growout phase, and if the system is to be installed inside a building or not. Such decisions depend on climate, fish species and biological stages among other things. There is a clear tendency that the hig her

the rate of recirculation, the higher the probability of choosing a facility installed inside a building. Regarding purchase of land, the footprint of a recirculation plant also depends on fish species and the intensity of the production. In general, the footprint of a recirculation facility is roughly about 1,000 m2 per 100 tonnes fish (pelagic). The larger the total production the smaller the area needed per 100 tonnes produced.

The biggest cost is for feed

From Figure 4.5 it is interesting to note that the consumption of energy is only 7% of the costs. Focusing on the usage of electricity

is of course important, however, it is by no means the dominant cost. In fact this is equivalent to many traditional farms where the use of paddle wheels, return pumps, oxygen cones and other installations use quite a substantial amount of energy. The cost of feed is by far the most dominant cost, which also means that good management is the most important factor. Improving the FCR will have a significant impact on the efficiency of the production.

As in other food producing sectors, the larger the production unit the lower the cost of production per unit produced. The same applies to fish farming. However, it seems that making production systems much larger than

2,000 tonnes per year does not give a significant reduction in direct costs. Stepping up the way from a few hundred ton nes per year towards a thousand does though give significant red uctions in costs. The benefit of going up in farm size depends greatly on which species is reared, and the way of extending the production must be carefully considered. Wise pla nning may save a lot work and money.

The Appendix has a checklist of bio logical and technical issues that can affect the implem entation of a recirculation system. This checklist is most suitable for identifying deta ils and possible obstacles when the project is about to be rea lised.


[ AQUACULTURE ]


News

Infopesca successfully promotes Chilean croaker in Japan

Significant increase in value of Norwegian exports of herring and mackerel

The Chilean Croaker Project, which is funded by Fundación Chile, entered a new phase recently, when staff members from Infopesca started promotion ac-tivities for the fish. Roland Wiefels and Graciela Pereira visited Tokyo where they attended the Japan International Seafood and Tech-nology Expo. At a stand attended jointly by Infopesca and Infofish

staff members, samples of whole fresh fish were displayed (the samples had arrived by air directly from Chile). A Japanese chef was hired to prepare the fish in differ-ent ways. He made several sashimi and sushi portions, which were offered to the public. Visitors to the stand confirmed the excellent quality and taste of the Chilean croaker (Cilus gilberti). Dr Ishiro

Dr Ishiro Nomura (right), former FAO Assistant Director-General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, is enthusiastic about sashimi prepared from Chilean croaker.INFOFISH facilitates training

attachment for PNG officersWith the cooperation of the Fisheries Development Author-ity of Malaysia (LKIM), INFOFISH facil itated a two-week training attachment for two officers from the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of Papua New Guinea (PNG) to learn about the organization and management of Fishermen’s Associations (FA) in Malaysia and to observe the economic activities carried out by them.

From 14-28 May 2011, the two NFA officers, Presley Kokwaiye and Carson Koviro, visited FAs in Penang, Kedah, Kelantan, Tereng-ganu and Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia and observed a range of economic activities conducted by the FAs, such as fish marketing, sale of diesel, supply of ice to

fishing boats, cockle and fish culture, running of fish barbe-cue stalls, agro-tourism activities and management of fish land-ing complexes. They also learned about the management struc-ture of the FAs, their economic activities, the relevant rules and regulations etc.

At the end of the visit, both Kokwaiye and Koviro said that the attachment visit was most beneficial to them and the NFA. The experience gained, they said, would be helpful to them in implementing NFA’s plan to set up similar fishermen’s groups in PNG in the near future and to assist PNG fishermen to progress from simple artisanal to more commercially-oriented fishers.

Carson Koviro (left) and Presley Kokwaiye (third from left) busy taking notes in the field.

Nomura (former FAO Ass istant Director-General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department) was

among the visitors to the stand, who clearly enjoyed the sashimi servings made from the fish.

Eurofish co-organises meeting to debate the future of European aquacultureAs a partner in the EU-funded Aquainnova project Eurofish co-organised a meeting of stake-holders (producers, associations, research, education, government and administration representa-tives) in Warsaw, Poland in June to discuss the future of European aquaculture and the ways to achieve this vision. The meeting set out to finalise a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) that was developed based on vision documents prepared by over 200 experts showing where the European aquaculture sector should be in 10-20 years. The quality and safety of aquaculture products,

understanding consumer percep-tions, and widely commun icating information about aquaculture as a viable source of safe and healthy food production, a provider of em-ployment, and contributor to rural development and food security, were some of the issues that were discussed at the meeting. The Aquainnova project is concerned with the creation of an interna-tional framework focused on the vision for the future of European aquaculture, and using best gov-ernance principles, defining the research and innovation needed to supports its key development strategies.

[ FISH INFONetwOrk NewS ]


Good demand for herring and mackerel coupled with limited supplies in the case of herring have pushed up prices in general compared to last year, according

to the latest FAO GLOBEFISH Commodity Updates on herring and mackerel. However there is considerable variation from market to market. Analysing

Publications

14_News FIN.indd 61 19/09/11 7:10 PM

Global fish economy set to slow down after period of rapid growth

In its analysis of the global fish economy the latest edition of the Globefish Highlights says that the post recession recovery in the international fishery trade that began in 2010 persisted through the first quarter of 2011. Fishery imports to the three major mar-kets (EU, US, Japan) increased substantially in the first quarter of 2011 compared with 2010 and

2009. Imports to several other markets in Asia (China, S. Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand) as well as in Russia, Canada and Brazil also increased. The increases were substantial – nearly 40% in Russia, 28% in Brazil, and 24% in S. Korea. The world’s biggest fish exporters China and Thailand also recorded higher exports in

Globefish Seafood Highlights, July 2011, FAO GLOBEFISH

the first quarter compared to the same period last year. Chinese exports were up 39% to USD2.8bn while Thai exports increased by 12% to USD1.68bn. However, the report cautions that growth is set to slow due to the unsta-ble economic situation and slow recovery in several leading euro-zone countries and the US.

After the downturn in 2008-2009 fish prices reached new records in March 2011. Since then while some markets have shown a fall in prices, the level in gen-eral remains high. The prices for certain species such as salmon and groundfish, however, should fall as supply improves. Global fisheries production is forecast to increase 2.7% in 2011 reflect-ing a forecast increase of 1.8% in capture fisheries and 4% in aquaculture. Global exports in 2011 are forecast at USD108.4bn an increase of 3.4%, while in live weight terms the forecast increase is only 0.4% to 55.4 million tonnes.

The quarterly Globefish High-lights are sold in combination with the monthly European Price Report. They are sold as pdf files for EUR100 a year. A subscription can be purchased at www.eurofish.dk.

www.eurofishmagazine.com62 Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011

[ FISH INFONetwOrk NewS ]

The Fish Infonetwork ( FIN )The FIN consists of 7 independent partner organizations. They cover all aspects of post-harvest fisheries and aquaculture. With more than 50 governments support-ing the network, which also has strong links to the private sector, the activities are truly international. The FIN pages, which are a regular feature in the four network magazines – Infofish International, Infopesca Internacional, Eurofish Magazine, and Infosamak Magazine – present the FIN-wide spectrum of activities, showing actions and results. The FIN has more than 80 full-time staff and works with more than one hundred inter national experts in all fields of fisheries. Through its link from FAO Globefish to the FAO Fisheries Department, it also has access to the latest information and knowledge on fisheries policy and management issues worldwide.

FIN executes donor projects, prepares market research for private companies, and organizes training courses on marketing and quality assurance. All seven services offer different possibilities for co-operation with the private sector, institutes, government offices and donors.

GlobefishFishery Industries Division FAOViale delle Terme di Caracalla I 00100 Rome, Italy Tel.: (+39) 06 5705 6313/5059 Fax: (+39) 06 5705 5188 [email protected] www.globefish.orgPartners: Seafood Services Australia, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada; Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Denmark; European Commission (DG FISH); OFIMER, France; Norwegian Seafood Export Council; Ministero de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Spain; National Marine Fisher-ies Service, Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute, USA; VASEP, Viet Nam

InfopescaCasilla de Correo 7086Julio Herrea y Obes 1296 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay Tel.: (+598) 2 9028701/2 Fax: (+598) 2 9030501 [email protected] Member Countries: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Uruguay, Venezuela

Infofish Menara Olympia, Level 28 Jalan Raja ChulanKuala Lumpur 50200, MalaysiaTel.: (+603) 20783466Fax: (+603) 2078 [email protected] Countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Maldives, Malaysia,Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand

InfopecheTour C -19éme étage, Cité Administrative, Abidjan 01, Cote d‘Ivoire Tel.: (+225) 228980 / 215775Fax: (+225) 218054 [email protected]/index.php?id=1113

Member Countries: Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Gabon, Gam-bia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

InfosaSouthern African suboffice of InfopecheP.O. Box 23523, Kenya HouseRobert Mugabe Avenue, 4th FloorWindhoek, NamibiaTel: (+264) 61 279430Fax: (+264) 61 [email protected] www.infosa.org.naMember Countries: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Sey-chelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

EurofishH.C. Andersens Boulevard 44 - 46DK-1553 Copenhagen V, DenmarkTel: (+45) 333 777 55Fax: (+45) 333 777 [email protected], www.eurofish.dkMember Countries: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, Spain, Turkey,

InfoyuRoom 203, Bldg 18, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District Beijing 100026, P.R. China Tel.: (+86) 10 64195140 Fax: (+86) 10 64195141 [email protected] www.globefish.org/index.php?id=2074Member Countries: China

Infosamak71 Boulevard Rahal Meskini B.P.16243 Casablanca, MoroccoTel.: (+212) 22540856 Fax: (+212) 22540855 [email protected] Countries: Algeria, Bahrain,Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Yemen

export figures from the Norwe-gian Seafood Export Council FAO GLOBEFFISH report that prices are lower on the Russian market, the biggest for frozen Norwegian mackerel, while they have in-creased in China and in the EU. Demand for herring on the Euro-pean market is good but supplies are tight. Norway, a major export-er, exported only 184,000 tonnes in the first six months of 2011 as

opposed to 260,000 tonnes in the first half of 2010. In terms of value Norwegian herring exports were up by 17% in the first half-year of 2011. The Commodity Update reports are issued annually for several products including, salm-on, lobster, shrimp, tuna, fishmeal and fish oil, as well as small pelag-ics. The reports are available from www.eurofish.dk for EUR20 each or EUR100 for a set.

14_News FIN.indd 62 19/09/11 7:10 PM

Add your event to www.EurofishMagazine.com

Diary DatEs

1-6 October, 2011World Seafood Congress 2011Washington DC, USATel.: +1 613 [email protected]

4-6 October, 2011CONXEMARVigo, SpainTel.: +34 986 433 351Fax: +34 986 221 [email protected]

10-14 October, 2011AgroprodmashMoscow, RussiaTel.: +7 499 795 3735Fax: +7 495 609 [email protected]

12-14 October, 2011DanFish InternationalAalborg, DenmarkTel.: +45 9935 [email protected]

18-21 October, 2011AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2011Rhodes, GreeceTel.: +32-9-2334912Fax: [email protected]

10-12 November, 2011EXPO PESCA & ACUIPERULima, PeruTel.: +511 201 [email protected]

17-19 November, 2011Busan Int. Seafood & Fisheries ExpoBusan, KoreaTel.: +82 51 740 7518Fax: +82 51 740 [email protected]

13 December, 2011Ocean SilverLondon, UKTel: +44 (0) 1738 472032 [email protected]

1 February, 2012Marel Salmon ShowhowNørresundby, DenmarkTel.: +45 98921511Fax: +45 [email protected]/salmonshow

12-14 February, 2012Fish InternationalBremen, GermanyTel.:+49 421 3505 264 [email protected]

25-28 February, 2012Mediterranean Seafood ExhibitionRimini, ItalyTel.: +39 0541 744 [email protected]

11-13 March 2012Boston Seafood ShowBoston, USATel.: +1 207 842 [email protected]

26-29 March, 2012Alimentaria BarcelonaBarcelona, SpainTel.: +34 93 452 18 [email protected]

24-24 April 2012European Seafood ExpositionBrussels, BelgiumTel.: +1 207 842 [email protected]

23-24 May 2012Aquaculture UK 2012Aviemore, Scotland, UKTel.: +44 1862 [email protected]

7-9 June 2012Future Fish EurasiaIzmir, TurkeyTel.: +90 212 347 10 54 Fax: +90 212 347 10 [email protected]

11-13 June, 2012AquaVision 2012Stavanger, NorwayTel.: +47 9137 [email protected]

1-5 September 2012AQUA 2012Prag, Czech [email protected]

15_Dairy_dates.indd 63 19/09/11 7:10 PM

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.marel.com/salmonshow

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.fishinternational.com

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.riminifiera.it

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.alimentaria.com

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.euroseafood.com

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.eurasiafairs.com

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.bostonseafood.com

http://issuu.com/action/openurl?url=www.easonline.org

64 Eurofish Magazine 5/ 2011 www.eurofishmagazine.com

Guest PaGes

Tomasz Kulikowski, Chairman, Polish Fish Market Development Association

Extending the appeal of fish from traditional consumers, who tend to be older and wealthier to new groups such as the young, is a challenge faced by many European countries that are trying to increase the consumption of fish among their citizens. In Poland, responding to this challenge is part of the remit of the Fish Market Development Association, an organisation which is also responsible for promoting the virtues of the Polish processing sector.

"Systematically educating the young about nutrition will engender an interest in fish"

As Chairman of the Fish Market Development Association can you tell us the purpose of the Association and how it achieves its goals?

Our association is trying to encour-age Polish fishery companies to participate in common promotion activities in Poland and abroad, for example, joint appearances at international fairs. We want to show the world that the Polish fish industry has modern process-ing companies producing to the highest hygienic standards and also are very good at working with other businesses. Within Poland we would like to encourage con-sumers, especially young people, to buy fish and fish products. Our domestic promotion activities are based on public opinion polls and robust market analysis. Because our budget is limited, we are try-ing to convey our message through unusual media channels. For example, an advertisement for Pol-ish fish products will appear in the WizzAir in-flight magazine during the European Football Champion-ships (Euro 2012), which will take place in Poland and Ukraine.

What do you see as the main problems that the Association

must overcome in order to reach its target?

It is difficult to persuade Polish companies that a joint market-ing effort can be profitable – that this money is not wasted. We have had our first successes in this area – in the years 2007-2010, at the fairs in Brussels, Bremen and Gdansk, firms that are normally fierce competitors shared a joint pavilion. Another problem is the strict Polish interpretation of EFF regulations, which prevent us from using EFF funds to take part in international fish fairs. In this case, our activity is funded by member fees and support from the domestic Fish Promotion Fund.

What would you say is charac-teristic of fish consumption in Poland and how does it compare with the other Baltic States?

In Poland, as in some other countries from Central Europe, consumption is overwhelmingly based on flour-based products like the classic Polish dumplings (pierogi), potatoes and red meat. Although in Poland we have a really long tradition of eating fish (especially freshwater fish – from

lakes and rivers), fish consump-tion is still low (according to FAO data, it is about 12-13 kilograms of live weight per capita). One char-acteristic thing is a relatively high share of pelagic fish (herrings, sprat and mackerel) consumption. From the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, when the Pol-ish deep-sea fleet caught a lot of fish, comes the habit of consum-ing marine whitefish like Alaska pollock and hake. The tradition of eating carp over Christmas ensures that consumption of carp is stable. In the years 2004-2009 we have seen a dynamic increase

in the consumption of pangasius, but over the past two years this has decreased, accompanied by an increase in sales of frozen tilapia. Polish consumers are traditional in their tastes, which is why they are more interested in canned fish, marinated herring, and frozen fish than in fresh fish, shellfish and mussels.

Getting young people to eat fish is a challenge, but as fish is a healthy form of protein it is important the younger genera-tion eat it. How do you encour-age this group to like fish?

Tomasz Kulikowski, Chairman, Polish Fish Market Development Association

16_Last_Page_Intrw.indd 64 19/09/11 7:10 PM

www.eurofishmagazine.com Eurofish Magazine 5 / 2011 65

Guest PaGes

You’re right. Getting young people to consume fish is a real challenge. Not only in Poland, but also in Ger-many, most of the fish consumers are elderly people. It is difficult to encourage young people to buy fresh fish because fewer people are both willing and capable to process fish in their beautiful modern kitch-ens. Many young people hate bones in fish, and prepared products like cans of Baltic pelagic fish are not attractive to today’s youth. But if we do not reach young consumers suc-cessfully today, we will face a crisis in fish consumption in a few years. That is why it is important to reach this group of consumers through the media they use every day. In September we are starting a pro-motional campaign on Facebook. We want to show that eating fish not only makes it easier to take care of your health and looks, but is also a great idea for parties with friends. We want to foster the belief that eat-ing fish is trendy and indicates high social status.

Another crucial problem con-nected with fish consumption is the expansion of dietary supplements, which are really substitutes for a more varied nutrition. More and more people (including pregnant women and people with cardiac diseases) prefer to take concen-trates of omega-3 fatty acid than eat a cooked, fresh, naturally fatty fish. As a result, fish campaigns based only on their health virtues are not reflected in higher sales.

When talking about the young-est consumers – the children – educating the parents is very important. They often assume that children do not like fish, which is not true. I think it is about time to start systematic nutri-tional education for children, giving them the necessary knowl-edge about the role of vegetables, fruit, fish and non-processed or minimally processed products in the diet – but this is a job for governments, as it exceeds the capabilities of non-governmental fish organizations.

More generally, how do you see fish consumption developing in Poland over the next five years, and what tools can be deployed to increase fish consumption?

Fish consumption in the past 10 years has increased rather insig-nificantly (1.2% annually on aver-age, and in some years it has decreased). Being an optimist, I believe that it will slowly develop in the coming years following international tendencies toward healthy nutrition. The most impor-tant factor restricting potential increases in fish consumption is the high price of fish and fish products for those with relatively low salaries. I believe that generic promotion of fish consumption is important, but unfortunately it does not determine how much money consumers will actually spend on fish.

What are the most popular fish products in Poland? How do con-sumer preferences for imported species such as herring, salmon, mackerel, and pangasius com-pare with preferences for fresh-water farmed fish?

Opinion poll research commi-ssioned by our Association, con-ducted in May this year, has shown that the three most valued fish in Poland are: mackerel and herring (fish widely available in regular as well as discount supermarkets) and carp (traditionally eaten on Christ-mas Eve, one of the key specialties of Polish cuisine). If we look at the preferences of young educated people living in big cities, we see that their interest in fish like trout, salmon and tuna is increasing. In big metropolitan areas, especially in Warsaw, sushi and sashimi are very popular. Pangasius is another phenomenon – a fish that satisfies the needs of middle-aged consum-ers who do not accept the bones and strong fishy taste of other fish. As opposed to many of my col-leagues from the industry, I think that there is also a place for this product on the market and poorer consumers (who cannot afford more expensive fish from the Atlan-tic or mariculture) should also be able to eat fish for dinner.

The proposal to reform the Com-mon Fisheries Policy supports a better framework for aquacul-ture. What impact do you foresee this will have on the farmed fish industry in Poland and how do you see Polish aquaculture devel-oping over the next 10 years? What factors do you consider conducive to the growth of aquaculture?

In Poland we do not think that the European Commission yet fully understands the specifics of extensive inland aquaculture (carp farming) and fisheries in inland waters (where the tenants of those

waters are responsible for stocking and sustainable resource manage-ment). One big problem for Polish aquaculture and inland fishery is pressure from the expanded and illogically protected population of cormorants. Intensive freshwater trout farming, which today reaches 15-17 thousand tonnes annually, has great development potential, but faces high production costs (fod-der) and stringent legal restrictions (water protection norms). In addi-tion there are other issues, such as the costly certification imposed by ecological organisations which are de facto unnecessary either for farmers or consumers. As for exten-sive carp farming, it will maintain its status quo in the best-case sce-nario in terms of production, but at the same time it will have to adapt to the market by offering more pro-cessed products, not just live fish. I hope that along with the develop-ment of the fish market in Poland as well as HoReCa consumption, the Polish market for farm-raised fish will also develop annually and widen for species like European and North African catfish, grass carp, silver carp, barramundi, sturgeon and others.

How often do you eat fish your-self and what is your favourite preparation?

I eat fish very often, even 3-4 times a week. Among domestic species I highly value fried Baltic cod, flounder and turbot (my wife prepares the latter French style, in Dijon sauce). Among freshwater fish I like fried vendace and grilled trout. As an appetizer I adore mari-nated Kashubian herrings, smoked eel and carp slices (from a tradi-tional wood-heated smokehouse) and sprat deep-fried in oil. I’ve encountered the latter in Bulgaria and I have tried it at home. When I’m abroad I cannot resist mus-sels prepared the Italian way or fettuccine with seafood.

Catch them young!

Seafi

sh, U

K

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Eurofi sh Magazine eurofi sh.dk

Alimentaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

AquaInnova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Baader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Boulogne Sur Mer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Euro� sh globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Dybvaad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

E. Gooss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Fish Promo Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inner front cover

Frutarom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Future Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back cover

InterFresh Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Kosmotechnica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Maas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Marel Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Mermaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Peruza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Rimini Fiera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Sirena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Steen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Szeged� sh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

W. van der Zwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

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Octob

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Documents

Eurofish Magazine 5 2011