EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Biology Fall 2011

Organelles, Functions and Comparisons

We will discuss… Basic Information Description of Cells Meet the Organelles Examples of Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Vocabulary Today’s Activity References

Basic Information (from the Greek meaning truly nuclear) These cells have a nucleus 10 times greater in size than Prokaryotic Cells comprise all of the life kingdoms except

Monera (Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia) contain many internal membrane-bound

structures called organelles Plasma Membrane is present Two Types of Cells

AnimalPlant

Description of Cell Animal Cell

Contains a number of organelles to help with its function

Found in Humans and Animals

Centrioles are present○ Not found in Plant

Cells

Description of Cell (cont.) Plant Cell

Functions similar to an Animal Cell ○ Most of the

Organelles are present

3 unique structures○ Plastids○ Cell Walls○ Vacuoles

Meet the Organelles… and their Functions

Nucleus Mitochondria

Plasma Membrane

A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling

systems.

Double membrane surrounding the

chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The

nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making

up the ribosome

Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through

metabolism. Contains its own DNA

Meet the Organelles (cont.)

PlastidsRough

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumContains stacked

thylakoid membranes. Responsible for

photosynthesis, Contains DNA similar to Mitochondria

A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. Covered

with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance)

A network of interconnected

membranes forming channels within the cell. A

site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids

Meet the Organelles (cont.)

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome Vacuole

Perioxisomes

A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles (small membrane surrounded bags) carry

materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the

stacks while the proteins are "processed" to a mature form. Vesicles then carry

newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations

A membrane bound organelle that is

responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in

the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested

by the cell.

Membrane surrounded "bags" that contain water and storage materials in plants.

Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism.

Examples of Eukaryotic Cells

Centric Diatom Kingdom: Protista

Bread Yeast- S. cerevisiaeKingdom: Fungi

Examples (cont.)

Pea Leaf StomataKingdom: Plantae

Golden Colonia Algae-SynuraKingdom: Protista

Examples (cont.)

Sunflower Petal and Pollen Grain

Kingdom: Plantae

Human Breast Cancer CellKingdom: Animalia

Examples (cont.)

Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-Lymphocytes

Kingdom: Animalia

Human Liver CellKingdom: Animalia

Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes

Similarities?!? Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic

cells have ribosomes. Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic

cells have a plasma membrane. Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic

cells have cytoplasm. Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic

cells have DNA.

Differences

#TeamProkaryote #TeamEukaryote

No Structured Nucleus Present

No Organelles present Simpler structures Cell Wall Present

Nucleus Present Organelles Present Complex structure Cell wall may or may not

be present.

The Comparison

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Vocabulary Words Nucleus Nucleolus Golgi Apparatus Lysosome Cytosol Perixisome Centromere Centriole Cell Membrane

Secretory Vesicle Mitochondrion Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Today’s Activity… Virtual Lab and Color Worksheet Go to the websitehttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Part A:Use cell models found on the

website to define the vocabulary words from the presentation. On reverse side of the paper, draw a picture of both a plant and animal cells for your notes. Make sure to distinguish the differences between the two!

Today’s Activity (cont.) Part B: Complete the “Eukaryotic Cell”

color sheet. Use map pencils or crayon (no markers

or pens) Match the organelle found in the cell

with the correct name. Both assignments are due at the end of

the class period.

Questions?

References http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/euk

aryotic_cells.html http://biology.kenyon.edu/HHMI/Biol113/

eukaryoticcells.htm http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_mod

el.htm http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/t

utorials/pev/page3.html