EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE

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Interactive Cell

Quick Review

We have already talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells. What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory?

All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things Cells come from other cells

What are the two types of cells? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

What is the main difference between these two cell types? Prokaryotic – No nucleus Eukaryotic - Nucleus

Eukaryotic

Examples Plant Cells Animal Cells

Membrane bound nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and

cell membrane Contains structures called organelles “Little

Organs”

Nucleus

Nucleus Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin) DNA codes instructions for making proteins and

other molecules

Nucleus (continued)

Surrounded by a double lipid layer. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus

Small region inside nucleus that produces ribosomes

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis

Provides protection and support Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer

(Lipids)

Mitochondria

Changes energy stored in food into energy the cell can use (ATP). Cellular Respiration

“Power Plant” of the cell

Mitochondrion Under a Microscope

Outer Membrane

Inner Membrane

Ribosomes

Synthesize (build) proteins Connect Amino acids into chains Found throughout the cytoplasm (tiny

dots)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Where lipids and proteins are built Two types of ER

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER (continued)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Ribosomes on its surface Synthesize proteins

ER (continued)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) No ribosomes Synthesis of membrane lipids

Golgi Apparatus

It packages materials from ER for storage or release from the cell

It is found next to the ER

NUCLEUS

Rough ER

Golgi Apparatus Smooth

ER

Vacuoles

Store material (water, salts, food) Plants have a single, large vacuole The control of water content within a cell is an

example maintaining homeostasis

Lysosomes

Filled with enzymes Digestion (breakdown) of items

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins Organelles that are not useful anymore

Removes “junk” that a cell does not need

Cytoskeleton

Proteins that help the cell to maintain its shape.

Involved in movement

Chloroplast***

Found in plant cells Capture energy from the sunlight and

convert it into chemical (food) energy. Photosynthesis

Cell Wall ***

Found in Plants Lies outside the cell membrane Provides support and protection for the

cell In plants, cell walls are made up of

Cellulose (Carbohydrate)

Movement

Cilia Short hair like structure covering the cell

Flagella Longer wipe like (tail)

Cilia & Flagella Movement

Videos and Interactive Models Interactive Cell Model Crash Course - Animal Cell Inside the Cell