EU RoHS changes – What you need to know - IEEE · EU RoHS changes – What you need to know IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society Santa Clara Valley Chapter Revati Pradhan-Kasmalkar

EU RoHS changes –What you need to know

IEEE Product Safety Engineering SocietySanta Clara Valley Chapter

Revati Pradhan-KasmalkarTantra Consulting

May 25, 2010

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AgendaEU RoHS, as we have known itWhy changes were proposed to RoHSEU RoHS recast revisionsNew substance restrictions

Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs)Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and plasticizers

European Parliament Impact Assessment on HFRs and PVCStakeholder inputs to RoHS processSummary

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European Union RoHSEuropean Union Directive 2002/95/EC on Restriction of Hazardous Substances (ROHS) in electrical and electronic equipment

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EU RoHS, as we have known it…Took effect July 1, 2006

Restricted six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment

LeadMercuryCadmiumHexavalent chromiumPolybrominated biphenyls (PBB)Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)

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PBDEPBB

Cadmium

HexavalentChromium

Mercury

Printed Circu

it Board

s

Paints and Pigments

Lamps

CRT

HID lamp

Electrical distributionbox

Metal surface coatings

Pigments

Coatings

Bromina

tedflam

e reta

rdantsPrinted Circuit Boards

Lead

Plastic components

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EU RoHS as we have known…contd.

Directive applies to 10 categories as defined in the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive 2002/96/EC

Category 8 (Medical devices) and Category 9 (Monitoring and Control Instruments) excluded

Currently RoHS does not require any specific product labeling

Many manufacturers adopted their own visual marks to clearly indicate compliance

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Why changes were proposed to RoHSScope

Improve implementation of the Directive and provide more clarityAchieve harmonization

Substance restrictionsAdditional substance restrictions to assess potential environmental risk and possibility of a future ban

ExemptionsStimulate substitution effortsShift burden of proof to applicant (in line with REACH)Exemption mechanism changed from review period to maximum validity period for exemption

Product conformity assessment requirementsCE marking to achieve harmonized conformity assessment requirements

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EU RoHS revisions for today’s update

SeptemberEuropean Council and Presidency

DecemberEuropean Commission

MarchNovemberEuropean Parliament

Proposed by 201020092008

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EU RoHS revisions- December 2008

ScopeCategory 8 and 9 within scope, diagnostic medical devices in 2016 and industrial monitoring and control instruments in 2017

Additional substance restrictions4 hazardous substances identified: Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Dibutylphthalate (DBP)All were REACH SVHC substances

Product conformity assessment requirementsProducts to be CE marked and supplied with documentation required by enforcement bodiesAlignment with New Legislative Framework for free circulation ofproducts within EU Member States





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EU RoHS revisions- September 2009

ScopeOpen scope proposed to encompass all electrical and electronic equipment, unless specifically excluded (September 2009)

• Product categories and list of product examples were deleted

Additional substance restrictions4 hazardous substances identified in December 2008 proposal were to be deletedMethodology for review of additional substance restrictions per Articles 69 -72 of EU REACH regulation

Product conformity assessment requirementsCE marking






EU RoHS revisions- November 2009

ScopeOpen scope proposed by adding a Category 11, which would be “other electrical and electronic equipment not covered by any of the Categories 1 – 10”Equipment covered by Category 11 would come in scope in July 2014Exclusion of large scale stationary industrial tools (LSIT) was deleted, thus bringing manufacturing equipment in scope.

Additional substance restrictionsList of additional substance restrictions increased: PVC, chlorinated plasticizers, flame retardants, organohalogens, phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP) Not to be imposed on Categories 8, 9 and 11

Product conformity assessment requirementsCE marking






EU RoHS revisions- March 2010

Between December 2009 and March 2010, EP proposed 339 amendments to RoHS recast proposalScope

Multiple amendments for clarification of scope, including keeping 10 product categories and adding Category 11 as ‘catch-all’ category

Additional substance restrictionsMultiple amendments proposing different lists for substance restrictions, including brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, PVC, phthalates (BBP, DEHP, DBP)Amendment linking RoHS restricted substances with REACH SVHCs

Product conformity assessment requirementsAmendments proposing CE marking and required documents in context of ‘due care’ obligation






Key topics - Open scopeDifferent variations on Open Scope

All 10 categories in scope (phased)All electrical and electronic products in scope by adding Category 11 as a ‘catch-all’Some proposals with changed definitions and list of exclusions

Potential ImpactsIf current exclusion for large-scale stationary industrial tools (LSIT) deleted, manufacturing equipment, including semiconductor and photovoltaic manufacturing equipment will fall in scopeChange to definitions and exclusions will result in following falling in scope:

• Fixed installations• Electrical products used in building and transport• Electrical parts in aircraft, trains, ships and commercial vehicles


Key topics - CE markingFor CE marking:

Carry out internal production controls required for CE markingPrepare technical documents required for CE markingCarry out sample testing where deemed necessaryPrepare EC declaration of conformityAffix CE markFor 10 years after placing on market, retain technical documents and declaration of conformityIf it is believed that non-conforming EEE is placed on market, necessary corrective actions must be taken, including withdrawal or recall

Potential ImpactsIf RoHS becomes CE directive, manufacturers, importers and distributors of in scope products will have additional obligations for compliance


Key topics - New substance restrictionsEuropean Parliament in favor of additional substance restrictions: PVC, chlorinated plasticizers, flame retardants, organohalogens, phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP)

Substances restricted in spare parts and consumables

Impact assessment carried out by European Parliament in April 2010 assessing environmental and economic impacts of additional substance bans

Halogenated Flame RetardantsPVC and plasticizers


Halogenated Flame Retardants (HFRs): Uses60-65% of flame retardants in plastics are halogenated, primarily brominated

Main application areasPrinted circuit boards, appliance components, small accessories, casing materials

Above components used inWashing machines, dishwashers, boilers, water heaters, refrigerator-freezers, televisions, IT and communications equipment


Substitution of HFRsImportant factor for feasibility of substitution is extent to which substitutes can fulfill function of currently used HFRs

Survey by German Federal Environmental Agency of manufacturers and dealers of flame retardants on introduction of halogen-free products

Substitution limited by who takes responsibility for which costs

For effective fire protection of EEEThere is no universal flame retardant solutionIndividual flame retardant strategies required for each polymeric component


Technical options for substitution of HFRsSubstitution of HFRs can take place at 3 levels

Halogenated flame retardant replaced without changing base-polymer or plastic materialBase polymer replaced by another plastic materialProduct replaced by different product, or function fulfilled by totally different solution


Example

Printed Circuit Board:Brominated flame retardant such as TBBPA used in epoxy resin for encapsulation of PCB

Option 1: Substitute BFR- Potential non-halogenated substitute is reactive phosphorus based FR such as DOPO and phosphorus modified epoxy resin utilizing metal hydroxides- Limitation is higher moisture absorption properties of phosphorus-based halogen-free FR laminates

Option 2: Substitute Epoxy resin- More complex approach- Improve inherent flame retardancy of epoxy resin by modifying it with thermally stable inflexible structures- Use alternative resins such as polyimide resins, which are inherently flame retardant, but more costlier

Option 3: Product redesign- Minimize or eliminate need for flame retardants by introducing physical barriers between high voltage components and flammable parts- Reduce flame propagation by using metal sheet cover on plastic in contact with current carrying parts


Market scenario on halogen-free FRsSome EEE companies have progressed on some of their products towards halogen-free flame retardants

Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericcson, Motorola, Phillips, Sony, Apple, Toshiba, Sharp, Panasonic, Dell, LG Electronics, HP, Fujitsu, Seagate

For halogen-free FR substitutions to be feasible within proposed timeline:

Widespread industry alignment requiredAppropriate procurement, regulatory and supply chain standards have to be in place


PVC and plasticizers : UsesRoHS recast restricts PVC and chlorinated plasticizers such as Medium chain chlorinated paraffins and Phthalates such as DEHP, DBP, BBP

PVC with chlorinated plasticizers and phthalates used:

As insulation and sheathing in wires and cablesIn telecommunication equipment, for cable management systems and business machine housings

Components used in products such asWashing machines, dishwashers, boilers, water heaters, refrigerator-freezers, televisions, IT and communications equipment


Technical options for substitution of PVCIn most EEE applications, PVC not used as pure resin, rather in combination with various plasticizers to form flexible PVC material

Plasticizers’ content for most flexible applications is 35-40%

For most EEE applications, substitution of PVC will include substitution of plasticizers as well

Substitution may be possible with alternative thermoplastic or elastomeric material has the physical and mechanical properties for given application without addition of plasticizers


ExampleOption 1: Substitute PVC and plasticizers- For PVC cables, costlier alternatives such as Polyethylene or Ethyl-Vinylacetate-Copolymer (EVA)- Alternatives to plasticizers such as MCCP could be phosphates- Alternative plasticizers are adipates (DEHA, DINA), citrates (ATBC)

Option 2: Substitute with alternatives not requiring additives- Thermoplastic alternatives are PE or EVA, however not inherently flame retarded, hence FRs need to be added

PVC Cables:PVC resin with plasticizer additives such as MCCP and phthalates


Market scenario on PVC-freeSome of larger EEE companies are phasing out PVC from some of their products

Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Phillips, Sony, Apple, Toshiba, Sharp, Panasonic, Dell, LG Electronics, HP, Fujitsu

For phasing out of PVC to be feasible within proposed timeline

Cost and properties of alternatives biggest obstacles


European Parliament impact assessment: Halogen-free flame retardants

Health impactsMinimal health impact associated with use of HFRs as well as potential substitutes in EEE applicationsSome halogenated flame retardants may potentially have some impacts on human health such as disruption of endocrine systems,impacts on male reproductive organs and liver disruption

Environmental impactsSome halogenated flame retardants are toxic to aquatic organismsSome available substitutes are also toxic to the aquatic environment“…environmental benefit of substitution to halogen-free flame retardants is ambiguous”

Cost-Benefit analysisBased on cost of alternatives alone, halogen-free FRs may be cheaper; however product redesign costs may add considerably to overall cost of substitution


European Parliament impact assessment: Restriction on PVC and plasticizers

Health impactsPVC on incineration releases toxics, some of which may be carcinogenic, endocrine disruptors or toxic to reproductive systemPlasticizer additives of PVC used in EEE may be carcinogenic andtoxic to reproductive system

Environmental impactsEEE applications of PVC contain plasticizers which may act as endocrine disruptors in animals and hence pose threat to wildlifePVC compounds may bioaccumulate“…environmental benefits of restricting the use of PVC in EEE applications are related to plasticisers (such as DEHP, BBP and DBP) added to PVC.”

Cost-Benefit analysisIn “restricting use of DEHP, BBP and DBP … costs far outweigh the benefits to human health” and environmental benefits are not likely to be larger than incremental cost of substitution


European Parliament impact assessment: Conclusion

Estimates arrived at in impact assessment have high uncertaintiesNumerous data gaps hence unable to accurately quantify costs and health and environmental benefitsForms of analysis used in impact assessment do not involve a comprehensive detailed study and hence cannot provide basis for additional substance restrictions

Parliament Report reaffirms European Commission’s conclusion that there is insufficient data to currently justify new substance restrictions without appropriate impact assessment and more detailed study


RoHS recast process

Main participants who have to agree on final draft are: European Parliament, European Commission and European Council of Ministers

Differing views on scope, exemptions, additional substance restrictions and CE compliance

RoHS recast amendments in Co-decision process (procedure used for EU law-making)Environmental committee of Parliament (ENVI) meeting on June 3rdVoting in European Parliament Plenary session currently scheduled for July

May get pushed to September-October timeframe


Stakeholder inputs to RoHS processVarious industry organizations presenting their positions on RoHS recast

Orgalime, the European Engineering Industries Association• Do not support open scope and propose a representative, thorough

impact assessment at EU level• New substance restriction after scientific evaluations to ensure that

alternatives provide better performance in environmental and technical areas

• Propose coherence between RoHS and REACH regulations, and adopting REACH methodology for evaluating substances prior to taking a decision on their restriction

DigitalEurope, TechAmerica, JBCE, AMCHAM, ACEA• Concerned about lack of adequate consultations and/or impact

assessment prior to proposing open scopeSEMI

• Concerned about ambiguity in language used in amendments, mainlyrelating to scope and possible interpretations of the same

• Proposed clearer scope definitions for LSIT, consumables, spare parts


Stakeholder inputs to RoHS process … contd.Various industry organizations presenting their positions on RoHS recast

Last week, alliance consisting of Acer, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Sony Ericsson, together with public interest organization ChemSec, Clean Production Action and the European Environmental Bureau presented a joint position supporting ban on use of all brominatedflame retardants (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in electronics put on market from end of 2015 onwardsChemSec submitted three short films to Members of European Parliament Environment Committee which is meeting in June to highlight arguments for a restriction of brominated flame retardants

and PVC under RoHS


In SummaryEU RoHS undergoing recast process which if approved will have significant impact on EEE and it complex supply chain

Revisions to RoHS recast since December 2008 by European Commission, Parliament and Council of Ministers

All three have to approve final draft in Co-decision processRevisions may result in currently out of scope products to fall in scope due to change in scope, exemptions or exclusionsAdditional obligations due to CE compliance requirementsProducts may become non-compliant due to additional substance restrictions


In summary…contd.

Impact assessment by European Parliament in April 2010 on additional substance restrictions for halogenated flame retardants and PVC (as well as plasticizers used in PVC)

Inconclusive due to insufficient information

Calls for detailed study before further substance restrictions are proposed


In summary … contd.Industry/Trade organizations in process of providing inputs on proposed RoHS recast amendments to have ENVI Committee and Parliament better informed before the scheduled voting in June - July 2010 timeframe

Opportunity NOW to provide your inputs on RoHS recast to the European Parliament as well as the Council of Ministershttp://www.chemsec.org/news/550-chemsec-short-films-why-rohs-should-restrict-brominated-flame-retardants-and-pvc


THANK YOU!


Referenceshttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/single-market-goods/regulatory-policies-common-rules-for-products/new-legislative-framework/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htmhttp://www.berr.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/environmental-and-technical-regulations/rohs/rohs-in-the-ukhttp://www.orgalime.org/issues/weee.asphttp://www.digitaleurope.org/index.php?id=997http://www.chemsec.org/rohshttp://uk.farnell.com/jsp/bespoke/bespoke8.jsp?bespokepage=farnell/en/rohs/news/proposed_recast.jsphttp://uk.farnell.com/images/en_UK/rohs/pdf/rohs_schedule_obligations_v2.pdfhttp://www.ebfrip.org/uploads/Press/documents/371_EBFRIP%20comments%20on%20European%20Parliament%20Impact%20Assessment%20on%20RoHS-20100430.pdfImpact Assessment of certain European Parliament amendments on the Commission Recasting Proposal on RoHS (Restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment). IP/A/ENVI/ST/2009-13 dated April 2010; PE 433.449http://www.amchameu.eu/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?TabId=165&Command=Core_Download&EntryId=5134&PortalId=0&TabId=165


Questions??


Additional Referenceshttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/visual/img_lrg/rohs_compliant.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/visual/visual.php%3Fshortname%3Drohs_compliant&usg=__5U87p7NF2vrQd7DcbblO_X6xomQ=&h=400&w=700&sz=45&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=drjRMYzlDZUn-M:&tbnh=80&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drohs%2Bproduct%2Blabelling%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3m.com/us/office/meetings/rg/images/labels-rohs-roll-l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3m.com/us/office/meetings/rg/proddetail1-7h6fm.aspx&usg=__kEe-BC5nIIcod5QF-B7oiZrXxF4=&h=216&w=184&sz=19&hl=en&start=38&itbs=1&tbnid=ReTWS4IVXBBMqM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drohs%2Bproduct%2Blabelling%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.z-mar.com/cms/uploads/37-thumb-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.z-mar.com/products.php%3Fcid%3D10&usg=__uRW65go4n0J_UwjE4FvlT4Igg5E=&h=125&w=121&sz=5&hl=en&start=22&itbs=1&tbnid=D_0jNx3C4KLQqM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlead-free%2Bproduct%2Blabelling%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.knsinstruments.com/images/RoHS_Logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.knsinstruments.com/&usg=__1k99lz1S6aIyvu_0l9UqWisWt_M=&h=250&w=250&sz=47&hl=en&start=61&itbs=1&tbnid=KEK-b67kUFxplM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlead-free%2Bproduct%2Blabelling%26start%3D60%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static.flickr.com/32/55131535_41f07319e6.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jamesrmaclean.com/archives/archive_EU_institutions.html&h=308&w=500&sz=70&tbnid=CNz1AKp5MFZm8M:&tbnh=80&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bcouncil%2Bof%2Bministers%2Bphoto&hl=en&usg=__5GU1v2IQikqYOM0Nwkm92rZR_f4=&ei=vgj7S4WCEoOglAenu5X6Dw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=image&ved=0CBoQ9QEwAQhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www1.american.edu/dlublin/images/belgium/eu8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www1.american.edu/dlublin/travel/brussels1.html&usg=__pYODqK4JP5bfbuc9DHWPRk2lESE=&h=384&w=512&sz=87&hl=en&start=14&itbs=1&tbnid=l0YxtkoqqiZH_M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Bphoto%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mystockvoice.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/eu_img.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mystockvoice.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/eu-toughens-stance-on-fta-india-could-miss-the-boat/&usg=__MKQGw_gvY4O5kQE_Fgh_gtTAgq8=&h=340&w=370&sz=25&hl=en&start=2&itbs=1&tbnid=rIQ7PqBpxT_z7M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Bphoto%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1


Additional References … contd.http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rbjtech.net/electrical/e85/e85%2520024.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rbjtech.net/electrical/e85/e85.htm&usg=__u2d4JRrbYr5Cz3Xq3gh1fGuY6IU=&h=336&w=376&sz=44&hl=en&start=8&itbs=1&tbnid=7ZTIm8ysKh3CvM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlead%2Bsolder%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://xenoo.com/images/light_bulbs/light_bulbs_250x251.jpg&imgrefurl=http://xenoo.com/result.php%3FKeywords%3DLamps%2520Light%2520Bulbs&usg=__c4NoQ91ecQlv-acY9KBunzDy0ME=&h=251&w=250&sz=4&hl=en&start=33&itbs=1&tbnid=4MBViXtdu710qM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlamps%2Bbulbs%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5600222/2739886689f6b3bcaf99-main_Full.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ehow.com/videos-on_5730_painting-acrylics.html&usg=__Zf-4QvHqoqZ_SWLkDTlC07EOO24=&h=375&w=500&sz=45&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=htzFs4qvXHOUsM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpaints%2Bpigments%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/558404/8770873/0/1240364513/VDE_PVC_wire_cable.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.diytrade.com/china/4/products/5330830/VDE_PVC_wire_cable.html&usg=__cWIkE26gHpW_oEf1VQjn5gRofiA=&h=300&w=400&sz=9&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=vWCjGw_okr-CLM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%2Bcable%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/uploadFiles/17%2520CRT%2520Monitor_558.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.basitali.com/2010/02/how-much-power-does-my-computerconsume.html&usg=__wQ5Ubq_yLF90Yn3d4xD05mxDuSk=&h=500&w=500&sz=29&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=2tpopUSfELnnWM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcrt%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.remodelguide.com/improve/electrical/circuitbreaker/circuitbreaker_intro.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.remodelguide.com/improve/electrical/circuitbreaker/circuitbreak_works.html&usg=__iLGZwxTxSYeXJthFwpuCJrlsKI4=&h=292&w=391&sz=11&hl=en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=rrhKgrmEiH7UwM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcircuit%2Bbreaker%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://imghost.indiamart.com/data/X/U/MY-1079605/conversion-coating-cr-viii_10392584_250x250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.indiamart.com/vivek-industries/products.html&usg=__A_QObd1_Um2Mq292V5fOtcUeIF0=&h=240&w=240&sz=19&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=gnjJ08EmQRDKnM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromium%2Bcoating%2Bfor%2Bmetal%2Bsurface%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.a-1hotels.com/assets/images/Cell_Phone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.a-1hotels.com/html/free_cell_phone.html&usg=__GvOIUdxW8FT-Msdnm6BXaRHVK6o=&h=376&w=500&sz=44&hl=en&start=20&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=G2qVdH4UI63SpM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcell%2Bphone%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26tbs%3Disch:1,itp:photohttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msitec.com/vendors/IEI/Images/rohs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.msitec.com/vendors/IEI/main.shtml&usg=__0wVzO7Jv0GsMrnoBdak1Sqopnfs=&h=300&w=300&sz=49&hl=en&start=9&itbs=1&tbnid=yQst2TBX5tMzVM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Brohs%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www1.american.edu/dlublin/images/belgium/eu8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www1.american.edu/dlublin/travel/brussels1.html&usg=__pYODqK4JP5bfbuc9DHWPRk2lESE=&h=384&w=512&sz=87&hl=en&start=14&itbs=1&tbnid=l0YxtkoqqiZH_M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Bphoto%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1


Additional References … contd.http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mystockvoice.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/eu_img.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mystockvoice.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/eu-toughens-stance-on-fta-india-could-miss-the-boat/&usg=__MKQGw_gvY4O5kQE_Fgh_gtTAgq8=&h=340&w=370&sz=25&hl=en&start=2&itbs=1&tbnid=rIQ7PqBpxT_z7M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Bphoto%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rbjtech.net/electrical/e85/e85%2520024.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rbjtech.net/electrical/e85/e85.htm&usg=__u2d4JRrbYr5Cz3Xq3gh1fGuY6IU=&h=336&w=376&sz=44&hl=en&start=8&itbs=1&tbnid=7ZTIm8ysKh3CvM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlead%2Bsolder%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://xenoo.com/images/light_bulbs/light_bulbs_250x251.jpg&imgrefurl=http://xenoo.com/result.php%3FKeywords%3DLamps%2520Light%2520Bulbs&usg=__c4NoQ91ecQlv-acY9KBunzDy0ME=&h=251&w=250&sz=4&hl=en&start=33&itbs=1&tbnid=4MBViXtdu710qM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlamps%2Bbulbs%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5600222/2739886689f6b3bcaf99-main_Full.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ehow.com/videos-on_5730_painting-acrylics.html&usg=__Zf-4QvHqoqZ_SWLkDTlC07EOO24=&h=375&w=500&sz=45&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=htzFs4qvXHOUsM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpaints%2Bpigments%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/558404/8770873/0/1240364513/VDE_PVC_wire_cable.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.diytrade.com/china/4/products/5330830/VDE_PVC_wire_cable.html&usg=__cWIkE26gHpW_oEf1VQjn5gRofiA=&h=300&w=400&sz=9&hl=en&start=7&itbs=1&tbnid=vWCjGw_okr-CLM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpvc%2Bcable%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/uploadFiles/17%2520CRT%2520Monitor_558.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.basitali.com/2010/02/how-much-power-does-my-computerconsume.html&usg=__wQ5Ubq_yLF90Yn3d4xD05mxDuSk=&h=500&w=500&sz=29&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=2tpopUSfELnnWM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcrt%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.remodelguide.com/improve/electrical/circuitbreaker/circuitbreaker_intro.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.remodelguide.com/improve/electrical/circuitbreaker/circuitbreak_works.html&usg=__iLGZwxTxSYeXJthFwpuCJrlsKI4=&h=292&w=391&sz=11&hl=en&start=4&itbs=1&tbnid=rrhKgrmEiH7UwM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcircuit%2Bbreaker%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://imghost.indiamart.com/data/X/U/MY-1079605/conversion-coating-cr-viii_10392584_250x250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.indiamart.com/vivek-industries/products.html&usg=__A_QObd1_Um2Mq292V5fOtcUeIF0=&h=240&w=240&sz=19&hl=en&start=3&itbs=1&tbnid=gnjJ08EmQRDKnM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromium%2Bcoating%2Bfor%2Bmetal%2Bsurface%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.a-1hotels.com/assets/images/Cell_Phone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.a-1hotels.com/html/free_cell_phone.html&usg=__GvOIUdxW8FT-Msdnm6BXaRHVK6o=&h=376&w=500&sz=44&hl=en&start=20&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=G2qVdH4UI63SpM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcell%2Bphone%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26tbs%3Disch:1,itp:photohttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msitec.com/vendors/IEI/Images/rohs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.msitec.com/vendors/IEI/main.shtml&usg=__0wVzO7Jv0GsMrnoBdak1Sqopnfs=&h=300&w=300&sz=49&hl=en&start=9&itbs=1&tbnid=yQst2TBX5tMzVM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuropean%2Bunion%2Brohs%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

Documents

EU RoHS changes – What you need to know - IEEE · EU RoHS changes – What you need to know IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society Santa Clara Valley Chapter Revati Pradhan-Kasmalkar