Dr. Lee Dr. Lee SiewSiew EangEang Department of BuildingDepartment of Building National University of SingaporeNational University of Singapore

EUEU--Philippines Energy MeetingPhilippines Energy Meeting 29 May 2013, Manila29 May 2013, Manila

How Energy Efficiency Issues are being Handled?

OECD Countries ASIAN Emerging

Government Regulate

Energy Targets and Codes

NGO Manage

Green Building Development

Government Promote and Regulate

Greening Building and Built Environment

Energy targets are embedded in Green Building requirements

NGO managed GBC

seen as Industry Support

Singapore’s Approach

Achieving Energy Achieving Energy Achieving Energy Achieving Energy

Efficiency through Efficiency through

Green BuildingGreen Building

DevelopmentDevelopment

Balancing Energy Efficiency with

Livability

Balancing Green Balancing Green Building with

Economic Development

Energy Water Resource

Greenery Pollution Avoidance

Climate Change Mitigation

Clean and Green Livability in City

Green Green BuiltBuilt

Green Green BuiltBuilt

EnvironmentEnvironment

Development & Job Creation

Support Economic

Development & Job Creation

The Issues:

Structuring the Green Building Assessment Method:

Green Mark Scheme and Energy Efficiency

61.1%

22.1%

8.9%

4.2%

3.7%

Energy Efficiency

Environmental Protection

Water Efficiency

Indoor Environmental Quality

Other Green Features & Innovations

20.3%

18.6%

16.9%

11.6%

9.9%

8.1%

7.0% 4.7%

2.9%

Green Star Healthcare - Percentage of Points

Materials

Indoor Environmental

Quality Energy

Emissions

Management

Water

Transportation

Getting the Act right:Getting the Act right:

First, Energy EfficiencyFirst, Energy Efficiency

then Renewablesthen Renewables

Renewable Sources

EfficiencyEfficiency MeasuresMeasures

Life Style

Energy Efficiency

Environment Business

Objectives

Strategic BusinessStrategic Business Decisions/DirectionsDecisions/Directions

Concept of Energy Efficiency

Meeting Future NeedsMeeting Future Needs: Advocating Right Approach : Advocating Right Approach

The Establishment of a The Establishment of a Strong Energy Strong Energy Services Sector Services Sector

EnergyEnergy AuditsAudits

EnergyEnergy RetrofitsRetrofits

PerformancePerformance ContractContract

ProjectProject FinancingFinancing

EnergyEnergy ManagementManagement

ProcurementProcurement

PolicyPolicy DevelopmentDevelopment

Research &Research & DevelopmentDevelopment

Capacity Development

Data + Knowledge Bases Development

Market Structure and Stratification

Incentive and Promotion

Strategic Development + R&D

Important Initiatives Important Initiatives in Singapore in Singapore

Capacity Development

Data+Knowledge Base Development

Market Structure and Stratification

Incentive and Promotion

Strategic Development + R&D

SCEM Training SCEM Training ProgrammeProgramme

BenchmarksBenchmarks, PMVP, , PMVP, Info Info Centre Centre

ESCOs AccreditationESCOs Accreditation

eASEeASE/GMIS/GMDP/GMIS/GMDP

ModelingModeling/GT Test/GT Test--Bed/Bed/CC Tech.CC Tech.

AwarenessAwareness

APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES

(AUDITING SERVICES)

1st Edition, February 2005

Certification Scheme Supported by:

EEnneerrggyy aanndd SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy UUnniitt ((EEDDBB’’ss LLEEAAPP PPaarrttnneerr)) Department of Building

School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore

4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566 Tel: 6874 4082 Fax: 6773 3837

Copyright © Energy Sustainability Unit, Feb 2005 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Energy Sustainability Unit.

T o w a r d s E n e r g y – E f f i c i e n t B u i l d i n g s a n d

A d v a n c i n g E n e r g y a n d S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t

ESCOsESCOs Accreditation Accreditation

The The GUIDELINES FOR GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT THE ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION OF AND ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES ENERGY SERVICES COMPANIES (AUDITING SERVICES)(AUDITING SERVICES)

10

Total Energy (kWh/m2)

A B

C

Hotel Classification

Research Programmes on

Energy Performance of Building

and Benchmarking

Cumulative Curve of Building Energy Efficiency

(Landlord) of Office Buildings in Singapore

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

65 95 125 155 185 215 245 275 More

Landlord building energy efficiency (kwh/sq m/year)

Cu

mu

lati

ve

pe

rce

nta

ge

(%

)

Benchmarking Energy PerformanceBenchmarking Energy Performance

Saving

BCA Green Mark Certification Process BCA Green Mark Certification Process

Chiller Plant Performance (kW/RT)

Verification

Update

*Ave EB Chiller Plant Efficiency Source: NEA

-2.22E-16

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.06 kW/RT*

0.83 kW/RT

0.73 kW/RT

2008 to 2011 2008 to 2011 2005 to 2008 2005 to 2008 From 2011 From 2011

Green Mark Version 3 Green Mark Version 4

Verified operating chiller plant efficiency

Design chiller plant efficiency

2nd Green Building Master Plan by Second IPE

2nd Green Building

Master Plan

Gov’t Taking

The Lead

Incentivising Private Sector

Development Work in Green

Building Technology

Building Industry Capabilities

through Training

International Profiling &

Raising Awareness

Imposing Minimum Standards

6 strategic thrusts with emphasis on existing buildings, beyond and within buildings

Engage International Experts: Learn from the Best

Planned Development Strategy

MasterMaster PlanPlan 11

MasterMaster PlanPlan 22

MasterMaster PlanPlan 33

Building Codes Building Codes Building Codes Building Codes UpdateUpdate

Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Accelerate Building Building RetrofitRetrofit

Mobilizing the Mobilizing the Mobilizing the Mobilizing the End UsersEnd Users

Building Codes Building Codes Capacity Capacity Building

Incentivizing

Incentivizing Private Sector

Research and

Research and Development

Public Sector

Public Sector Take the Lead

Raising Public Raising Public Awareness

2007 2010 2013

Imposing

Minimum

Standards on

Environmental

Sustainability

April 2008. All New Buildings and Existing Buildings undergoing

major retrofitting works (with GFA ≥ 2000 m2) to meet at least Green

Mark Certified Standard

Incentives & Financing Assistance

For Existing Buildings

S$100mil INCENTIVES FOR RETROFITTING

EXISTING BUILDINGS (SINCE 2009)

Building Retrofit Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Energy Efficiency

Financing (BREEF) SchemeFinancing (BREEF) Scheme

Provide financing to undertake Provide financing to undertake

energy efficiency retrofitsenergy efficiency retrofits

• Three-yearly energy audit on cooling system

• Annual submission of building info & energy consumption data

• Min. GM standard for existing buildings when cooling system is retrofitted

Legislation passed in Sept 2012 Legislation passed in Sept 2012

Chiller Plant Load and Efficiency 3-Yearly System Efficiency Audit

24 hr operation (Hotel, Lab)

Non-24 hr operation (Office Bldgs, Retail Malls)

GFA 20,000 m2 to 30,000 m2 20,000 m2 to 110,000 m2

Retrofit Cost $1.5 mil to $3.5 mil $1 mil to $9.5 mil

Cost Saving per yr $250,000 to $1 mil $110,000 to 1.4 mil

Retrofit Cost per m2 $60 /m2 to $110 /m2 $60 /m2 to $100 /m2

Cost Saving per m2 per yr $15 /m2 to $30 /m2 $10 /m2 to $15 /m2

Payback period 3.5 to 6 yrs 5 to 7.5 yrs

Average Payback 4.3 yrs ~6 yrs

Strong Business Case for

Energy Efficiency Retrofits

Achievement of ESCO Accreditation and the EASe Programme

• Total No. of Energy Audit 146 applications

From 2007-2009

No. of

applications

Grant

Claimed

Actual Capital

Expenditure

Actual

Savings

Implemented 38 $1,152,740 $49,523,061 $11,988,580

Not

implemented

43 $547,541 $37,518,909 $9,677,199

In progress 65 $562,062

Speed of development and Incentive System

Where we are today

17 33 127

239

427

736

1180 1274

11.5 22.9 61.7

107.6

164.8

247.6

392.9

416.6

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 (Sep

2012)

GFA (million ft2)

Number of building projects

Green Mark Building Projects in Singapore (by floor area)

416.6 million ft2

1,274 Green Mark

Buildings

17% of total

existing bldg floor space

(6 mths)

Energy Consumption Distribution among Commercial Buildings

Energy Consumption Distribution of Building

Systems with respect to Total Energy

Consumption for three classes of Office building

35.18

12.5417.18

13.79

21.31

41.87

0

11.89

32

69.76

1.02 1.6

16.2713.3211.35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Air-conditioner

system

Lighting

system

Office

equipment &

miscellaneous

electrical

appliance

Perc

en

tag

e e

nerg

y c

on

su

mp

tio

n (

%)

126.72

kwh/year/sq m

198.48

kwh/year/sq m

355.46

kwh/year/sq m

Potential Energy Saving and ROI of Buildings with respect to Age

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

4 6 7 8 12 15 16 19 20

Ret

urn

in In

vest

me

nt

(Ye

ars)

En

erg

y Sa

vin

g (%

)

Age of Building (Years)

ROI and Saving versus Age of Building

ROI

Saving(%)

23

Type of Retrofit

Replacement of Chillers

Replace all pumps and install VSD for pumps, install CPA

Replace all tertiary pumps, remove balancing valves and fine tuning pump control

Install CO sensor and VSD for car park fans

Install VSD for all pumps and CTs, remove constant flow valve @ chillers; implement chiller plant optimization programme

Cost (S$) per unit Saving (kWh)

1.40-2.00

1.16

0.88

0.85

0.50

Types of Energy Conservation Measure

with respect to Cost of Retrofit

Various Energy Conservation Options

for the Air-conditioning System

25

Endorsed by:

This certified Program is Recognized by:

Economic Development Board of Singapore

Energy Market Authority of Singapore

National Environment Agency

Building and Construction Authority

Singapore Institution of Engineers

International Facility Manager Association Singapore Chapter

Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore

Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation

ZEB@BCAA, Singapore

Green Building Research Green Buildings

• Usage of Low-e glass • Strategically placed shading devices • Energy efficient lamps • Photovoltaic systems

• Technologically advanced chillers, variable speed drives, and personalised ventilation systems (40% reduction in energy required to cool the building)

ConclusionConclusion

1. Green Building can achieve Energy Efficiency improvement

through careful design of assessment method.

2. It is important to establish a strong Energy Services Sector

through training and ESCOs Accreditation.

3. Energy performance research to provide accurate and useful

technical data to support decisions making is important.

4. Updating codes and incentivising the private sector can

enhance the marketing take up rate significantly.

5. Public sector taking the lead can provide the early stage

demonstrations and generate market confidence.

Thank youThank you

Centre for Total Building Performance

A BCA-NUS Centre for Tropical Building Research

Lee Siew Eang

Director, Centre for Total Building Performance Head, Energy Sustainability Unit Department of Building School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore

bdgleese@nus.edu.sg

www.ctbp.bdg.nus.edu.

sg