EU Benchmarking Report on Reliability 2008

7/31/2019 EU Benchmarking Report on Reliability 2008

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4th Benchmarking report

on Quality of electricity Supply

2008


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Issued by

Ccl Erpea Eer Relatrs ASBL

28 re le Tte, 1000 Brelles

Arrdssemet jdcare de Brelles

RPM 0861.035.445


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4Th BEnChMARking REPoRTon QuALiTy o ELECTRiCiTy SuPPLy 2008

Re: C08-EQS-24-04

10 December 2008


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4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl

rm ts cept, te Ccl Erpea Eer Relatrs (CEER) as clded qalt sppl

as e ts ma acttes. Ts 4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl ams t c-

trbte t a better derstad qalt sppl leels ad plces place Erpe, clar

seeral aspects wc are essetal t te electrct sectr as well as ma rmat aalable ad

ctrbt t well-balaced rles qalt sppl. T ts ed, we eame ere te tree tpes

electrct qalt: te aalablt electrct (ctt sppl), ts teccal prpertes (ltae

qalt) ad te speed ad accrac wt wc cstmer reqests are adled (cmmercal qalt).

Lberalsat electrct marets as brt reedm cce t csmers, w are able t

cse ter w electrct sppler. De t te atre te rastrctre r electrct etwrs,

trasmss ad dstrbt sstem peratrs are atral mples. A me twards cete-

based relat r atral mples mples mprtat cseqeces r qalt sppl. i r-

der t esre tat qalt s t cmprmsed at te epese cmpa cst redct measres,

relatrs clde qalt actrs ter relatr ramewr. i ts ctet, te elt etwr

relat as see te deelpmet relatr ramewrs am t stre a balace betwee cst

ecec ad qalt sppl. i rder t adace te derstad ad eperece ts area,

CEER relatrs relarl ecae d practces w t maae ts delcate balace, eep

md relatrs cre bjecte t d slts beet scet as a wle cld ta t

acct all pblc ad prate terests.

Te CEER perdcall sres ad aalses te qalt electrct sppl ts member ctres.

Tese sres ad aalses tae te rm CEER Becmar Reprts Qalt Electrc-

t Sppl. Te rst reprt was ssed 2001, llwed b te secd ad trd edts 2003

ad 2005, respectel. Ts 4t stalmet, al wt te pres reprts, s reel aalable at

www.eer-relatrs.e .

We pe wll d te rmat ad aalss ctaed ts reprt sel ad te t

ctact te CEER r r atal eer relatr r reater st t tese cmple sses.

LoRD Mogg

CEER President

Brssels, December 2008

PREACE


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LiST o ABBREviATionS

AEEg Atrt per l'Eera Elettrca e l gas (itala eer relatr)

AiD Aerae terrpt dratAi Aerae terrpt reqec

AiT Aerae terrpt tme

AMM Atmated meter maaemet

ASiDi Aerae sstem terrpt drat de

ASii Aerae sstem terrpt reqec de

CAiDi Cstmer aerae terrpt drat de

CAii Cstmer aerae terrpt reqec de

CEER Te Ccl Erpea Eer Relatrs

CEi Cmtat Elettrtecc itala

CEnELEC (En) Erpea Cmmttee r Electrteccal Stadardzat:CEnELEC sses En stadards

Ci Cstmer terrpts

CigRE iteratal Ccl Lare Electrc Sstems

CiRED iteratal Cerece Electrct Dstrbt

CML Cstmer mtes lst

CS Ctt sppl

CQ Cmmercal qaltCRE Cmmss de Rlat de l'Eere (rec eer relatr)

CTAiDi Cstmer ttal aerae terrpt drat de

DggE Prtese ermetal ces

DSo Dstrbt sstem peratr

DTS Dspatcer tra smlatr

Ehv Etra ltae; reers t ltae leels abe 230 v, re iEC.

EiCTA Erpea irmat, Cmmcats ad CsmerElectrcs Tecl idstr Asscat

EMC Electrmaetc cmpatblt

EMS Eer maaemet sstems

EnD Eer t dstrbted


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EnS Eer t sppled

EP Eceptal perd

ERD Electrct rsea dstrbt race (DSo)

ERgEg Te Erpea Relatrs' grp r Electrct ad gasERSE Etdade reladra ds sers eeretcs (Prtese eer

relatr)

EuRELECTRiC u te electrct dstr

gS garateed stadard

hv h ltae; reers t ltae leels abe 35 v p t adcld 230 v, re iEC.Note: In chapter 2 on Continuity of Supply; HV refer to all voltagelevels above 35 kV, i.e. it also includes EHV levels.

iEC iteratal Electrteccal Cmmss

iEEE isttte Electrcal ad Electrcs Eeers

ivR iteracte ce respder

W klwatt

Lv Lw ltae; reers t ltae leels p t ad cld 1 v, re iEC

MAii Mmetar aerae terrpt reqec de

Mv Medm ltae; reers t ltae leels abe 1 v p t adcld 35 v, re iEC

MW Meawatt

MW Meawatt r

niEPi Eqalet mber terrpts related t te stalled capact

nRA natal Relatr Atrt

nvE nres vassdras - Eerdretrat (nrwea eer relatr)

oAR oter aalable reqremet

oED nrwea Mstr Petrlem ad Eer

oS oerall stadard

oSS obsered seste Sectrs

PCC Pt cmm cpl

PQ Pwer qalt

QS Qalt sppl

R&D Researc ad deelpmet


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CounTRy ABBREviATionS

AT Astra

BE Belm

- Brssels re- ederal- lems re- Wall re

Bg Blara

Cy Cprs

CZ Czec Repblc

Dk DemarEE Esta

i lad

R race

DE germa

EL greece

hu har

iS icelad

iE irelad

iT ital

Lv Lata

LT Ltaa

Lu Lembr

ML Malta

nL te neterlads

no nrwaPL Plad

PT Prtal

Ro Rmaa

Sk Sla Repblc

Si Slea

ES Spa

SE Swedeuk uted kdm


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TABLE o ConTEnTS

PREACE v

LiST o ABBREviATionS vi

CounTRy ABBREviATionS ix

1 inTRoDuCTion 1

2 ConTinuiTy o SuPPLy 5

2.1 itrdct 5

2.1.1 iterrpts 52.1.2 Ctt dcatrs 62.1.3 Plaed ad plaed terrpts 72.1.4 L, srt, ad traset terrpts 7

2.1.5 Cmpet taes, cdets ad sppl terrpts 82.1.6 Eceptal eets 92.1.7 use ctt data 10

2.2 Ma Cclss rm Pres Becmar Reprts Qalt Electrct Sppl 10

2.3 Ctt Sppl Mtr 11

2.3.1 Tpes terrpts mtred 122.3.2 vltae leels mtred 142.3.3 Leel detal te calclated dcatr 15

2.4 Ctt Sppl idcatrs 20

2.4.1 idces r dstrbt sstems 202.4.2 idces r trasmss sstems 232.4.3 idces r srt terrpts 242.4.4 L terrpts 252.4.5 Srt ad traset terrpts 272.4.6 Plaed ad plaed terrpts 292.4.7 Dscss te deret dcatrs 31

2.5 Aalss 33

2.5.1 uplaed l terrpts, ecld eceptal eets 33

2.5.2 uplaed l terrpts, all eets 362.5.3 Plaed terrpts 372.5.4 Cmpars rral ad rba etwrs 38

2.6 o-Ste Adts Ctt Data 40

2.7 Eceptal Eets 42

2.7.1 Te ccept eceptal eets 512.7.2 Eceptal eets sblt te terrpts statstcs 542.7.4 Measres adpted t mmse te ccrrece eceptal eets ad ts mpact

te etwr 57

2.7.5 Ma ds eceptal eets 582.8 Cclss ad Recmmedats Ctt Sppl 59

3 voLTAgE QuALiTy 63

3.1 itrdct 63

3.2 vltae Qalt geeral 64

3.2.1 Cts pemea erss ltae eets 653.2.2 ifece te ltae qalt 673.2.3 Reqremets r ad relat ltae qalt 67


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3.3 Ma Cclss rm te 3rd Becmar Reprt 69

3.4 Wr de b te CEER ad ERgEg vltae Qalt ater te 3rd Becmar Reprt 70

3.5 vltae Qalt Relat 72

3.5.1 natal relats tat der rm En 50160 733.5.2 iddal ltae qalt ercat 78

3.5.3 Maret mecasms r mpr ltae qalt 803.5.4 nRAs reqremets r recmmedats abt te se vQ mtr deces 82

3.6 Reslts rm Sres de Csts de t Pr vltae Qalt 83

3.6.1 nrwa (2002) sre cstmers csts de t terrpts ad a ew selectedltae dstrbaces 84

3.6.2 Swede (2003) sres cstmers csts de t srt terrpts ad ltae dps 853.6.3 ital (2006) sre cstmer csts r mcr-terrpts 853.6.4 rter researc cstmer csts de t pr ltae qalt ad deelpmet

pwer qalt ctracts 87

3.7 Actal vltae Qalt Mtr Sstems ad Data 88

3.7.1 vltae qalt mtr sstems perat 883.7.2 Data aalable rm ltae qalt mtr sstems perat 953.7.3 Pblcat ltae qalt data 100

3.8 Plaed vltae Qalt Mtr Sstems 102

3.9 Ma ds vltae Qalt 103

3.10 Cclss ad Recmmedats vltae Qalt 105

4 CoMMERCiAL QuALiTy 107

4.1 Wat Cmmercal Qalt s ad w t s mprtat t relate t 1074.2 Ma Aspects Cmmercal Qalt 108

4.2.1 hw t relate cmmercal qalt 1094.2.2 Ma rps cmmercal qalt aspects 1104.2.3 Mtr actal leels cmmercal qalt 1114.2.4 Data aalablt r becmar 111

4.3 Ma Reslts Becmar Cmmercal Qalt Stadards 113

4.3.1 grp i: Cect 1134.3.2 grp ii: Cstmer care 115

4.3.3 grp iii: Teccal serce 1174.3.4 grp iv: Meter ad bll 119

4.4 Te Callee r Cmmercal Qalt de t ll Maret ope 120

4.4.1 Statemets ccer Dstrbt Sstem operatrs 1204.4.2 Statemets ccer Sppl Prders 1214.4.3 Statemets ccer uersal Serce Prders 122

4.5 Cclss ad Recmmedats Cmmercal Qalt 123

4.5.1 Smmar becmar reslts 1234.5.2 al cclss ad recmmedats 124

AnnExES 127

Ae 1: Ae t Capter 2 Ctt Sppl 127

Ae 2: Ae t Capter 3 vltae Qalt 145

vQ1 vltae qalt relat 145vQ2 vltae qalt data 152

Ae 3: Ae t Capter 4 Cmmercal Qalt 160


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TABLE o TABLES

Table 2.1 Tpes terrpts mtred te deret ctres 12Table 2.2A Dets l, srt ad traset terrpts 13Table 2.2B Dets l, srt ad traset terrpts 14Table 2.3 vltae leels mtred te deret ctres 15Table 2.4 Leel detal te presetat te dcatrs te deret ctres 16

Table 2.5 Dstrbt mber terrpts r ddal cstmers as wll be sed ital rm 2008 23

Table 2.6 idces r qat l terrpts sed te deret ctres 25Table 2.7 Mtr ad dces r srt ad traset terrpts te deret

ctres 28Table 2.8 Reqremets adace tce r plaed terrpts 29Table 2.9 Mtr ad dces r plaed terrpts te deret ctres 30Table 2.10 Dets rba, sbrba ad rral areas se 6 Erpea ctres 39Table 2.11 o-ste adts ctt data 40Table 2.12 Adt practces 41

Table 2.13 Deret ds eceptal eets ars Erpea ctres 43Table 2.14 Eceptal eets ctt sppl stadards se ital ad

uted kdm 56Table 3.1 idcat wat d ltae qalt rmat as bee prded b

deret ctres 63Table 3.2 vltae dstrbaces rped accrd t te deat te reqec,

te RMS ale ad te wae sape 65Table 3.3 vltae dstrbaces rped t cts pemea ad ltae eets 66Table 3.4 vltae dstrbaces lsted te rms En 50160 ad iEC 61000-4-30 68Table 3.5 natal ltae qalt relats r stadards tat are deret rm En 50160 73

Table 3.6 Ctres were te vltae qalt relat s applcable t etwrs > 35v 75Table 3.7 Cmpars betwee En 50160 ad te nrwea relats ltae qalt

parameters 76Table 3.8 iddal ercat ltae qalt 79Table 3.9 Te mamm amt pad b ddal cstmers Prtal de t ltae

qalt ercats we measred ales cmpl wt te crrespd stadard 79Table 3.10 Pwer qalt ctracts 80Table 3.11 noRWAy, sre (2002) reslts: nrmalsed csts (drect wrt estmate)

ltae dps (50 % resdal ltae, 1 secd drat), cst leel 2002 84Table 3.12 iTALy, sre (2006) reslts: drect csts de t mcr-terrpts- [/W/eet] 86

Table 3.13 Mtr sstems perat: mber measr ts at deret ltaeleels 89

Table 3.14 BELgiuM: mber mtr deces perated b te TSo 91Table 3.15 iTALy: mber stes mtred Ehv ad hv etwrs 92Table 3.16 vltae dstrbaces crretl ctsl mtred deret Erpea

ctres 93Table 3.17 itates r vQ mtr ad prpses (we t de t cmplats) 94Table 3.18 RAnCE: aerae mber ltae dps dr te ear 2007 am 246 deler

pts hv dstral cstmers (a ttal 9089 ltae dps ae bee ) 96Table 3.19 hungARy: aerae mber ltae dps 6 mts dr ear 2005-2007

am 2400 deler pts te Lv etwr 96Table 3.20 iTALy: ltae dps related t 380 v - 220 v etwr mtr sstem (aerae

mber ltae dps per pt, per ear, accrd t te uniPEDE classcat) 97Table 3.21 iTALy: ltae dps related t 150 v - 132 v etwr mtr sstem (aerae

mber ltae dps per pt, per ear, accrd t te uniPEDE classcat) 97Table 3.22 iTALy: ltae dps related t Mv bs-bars hv/Mv sbstats (aerae mber

ltae dps per pt, per ear, accrd t drat/resdal ltae classescmplat wt prEn 50160:2008) 97

Table 3.23 Te neterlads: Eamples reslts rm ltae dp measremets teneterlads 98


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Table 3.24 noRWAy: aerae mber ltae dps per ear Lv etwrs wt reerecet measr stes 98

Table 3.25 noRWAy: aerae mber ltae dps per ear Mv etwrs wt reerecet measr stes 98

Table 3.26 noRWAy: aerae mber ltae dps per ear hv etwrs wt reerecet measr stes 99

Table 3.27 noRWAy: aerae mber ltae dps per ear Ehv etwrs wt reerece

t measr stes 99Table 3.28 PoRTugAL: mber ltae dps trasmss deler pts at 60 v - 2006 99Table 3.29 PoRTugAL: mber ltae dps trasmss deler pts at 60 v - 2007 100Table 3.30 Pblcat ltae qalt data 100Table 4.1 nmber cmmercal qalt stadards r eac ctr 110Table 4.2 grp cmmercal qalt aspects 110Table 4.3 nmber ctres were cmmercal qalt stadards (gS, oS r oAR)

are rce, per rp ad per cmpa tpe 111Table 4.4 Data aalabl t r cmmercal qalt te 4t Becmar Reprt 112Table 4.5 Cmpesats de cmmercal qalt garateed Stadards are t llled 113

Table 4.6 Cmmercal qalt stadards r cect-related acttes 114Table 4.7 Spas stadards r mamm tme r cect, deretated accrd t

ltae leel ad teccal cmplet te wr 115Table 4.8 Cmmercal qalt stadards r cect-related acttes 116Table 4.9 Cmmercal qalt stadards r pctalt apptmets wt cstmers 117Table 4.10 Cmmercal qalt stadards r teccal cstmer serce 118Table 4.11 Cmmercal qalt stadards r meter ad bll 120Table 4.12 Reqremets related t maret pe p DSos 121Table 4.13 Reqremets related t maret pe p SPs 122Table 4.14 Reqremets related t maret pe p uSPs 122

Table 4.15 nmber ctres were cmmercal qalt stadards are rece per tpe stadard (DSos) 123

Table 4.16 nmber ctres were cmmercal qalt stadards are rce per tpe stadard (SPs) 123

Table 4.17 nmber ctres were cmmercal qalt stadards are rce per tpe stadard (uSPs) 124

Table CS 2.1 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mtes lst per ear(1999-2007) 127

Table CS 2.2 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mber terrptsper ear (1999-2007) 128

Table CS 2.3 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets, ecld Prtal -mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) 128

Table CS 2.4 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets, ecld Prtal-mber terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 128

Table CS 2.5 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) 129Table CS 2.6 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mber terrpts per ear

(1999-2007) 130Table CS 2.7 Plaed terrpts: mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) 131Table CS 2.8 Plaed terrpts: mber terrpts per cstmer per ear (1999-2007) 132Table CS 2.9 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas

6 ctres; mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) 133Table CS 2.10 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas 6 ctres; mber terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 134

Table CS 2.11 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; per ltae leel; mteslst per ear (1999-2007) 135

Table CS 2.12 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; per ltae leel; mber terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 136

Table vQ1.1 vltae qalt stadards deret rm En 50160 appled ars Erpeactres 145

Table vQ1.2 RAnCE: rates armc ltaes 149


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Table vQ1.3 noRWAy: Lmts r fcer seert: etwr cmpaes sall esre tat fcerseert des t eceed te llw ales pts cect wt terespecte mal ltae ale, r te respecte tme terals 149

Table vQ1.4 noRWAy: Lmts r rapd ltae caes: etwr cmpaes sall esre tatrapd ltae caes d t eceed te llw ales pts cectwt te respecte mal ltae ale, r te respecte reqec 150

Table vQ1.5 noRWAy: Lmts r ddal armc ltaes 150

Table vQ1.6 PoRTugAL: r Ehv ad hv, der rmal cdts, dr eac perd 1 wee, 95% te 10 m mea RMS ales eac ddal armc ltaesall be less ta r eqal t te llw ales 151

Table vQ 2.1 noRWAy: aerae mber ltae swells te lw ltae etwr per ear te perd rm 1993 t 2003 wt reerece t measr stes 155

Table vQ 2.2 noRWAy: ltae balace te lw ltae etwr te perd rm 1993t 2003 155

Table vQ 2.3 noRWAy: lcer seert te lw ltae etwr te perd rm 1993t 2003 155

Table vQ 2.4 iTALy: balace related t Mv bs-bars hv/Mv sbstats 159

Table vQ 2.5 iTALy: ltae arats related t Mv PCCs al te Mv les 159Table vQ 2.6 iTALy: ltae balace related t Mv PCCs al te Mv les 159Table CQ 1.1 Tme r respse t clam cstmers r etwr cect 160Table CQ 1.2 Tme r cst estmat r smple wrs 161Table CQ 1.3 Tme r cect ew Lv cstmers t te etwr 162Table CQ 1.4 Tme betwee s ctract ad te start sppl 163Table CQ 1.5 Respse tme t cstmer qeres wrtte rm 164Table CQ 1.6 Rles aswer clet letters - Tme respse t cmplats 165Table CQ 1.7 Respse tme t cstmer cmplats wrtte rm 166Table CQ 1.8 Respse tme, qeres csts ad pamets 167

Table CQ 1.9 Pctalt apptmets wt cstmers 168Table CQ 1.10 Tme rmat te plaed terrpt 169Table CQ 1.11 Tme tl te start restrat te case alre se DSo se 170Table CQ 1.12 Tme aswer te ltae cmplat 171Table CQ 1.13 Tme r meter spect case meter alre 172Table CQ 1.14 yearl mber meter reads b te desated cmpa 173Table CQ 1.15 Tme rm tce t pa tl dscect (DSo) 174Table CQ 1.16 Tme rm tce t pa tl dscect (SP/uSP) 175Table CQ 1.17 Tme restrat pwer sppl llw dscect de t -pamet

(DSo) 176

Table CQ 1.18 Tme restrat pwer sppl llw dscect de t -pamet(SP/uSP) 177

TABLE o iguRES

re 2.1 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mtes lst per ear(1999-2007) 34

re 2.2 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mber terrptsper ear (1999-2007) 34

re 2.3 Treds mtes lst per ear ecld eceptal eets: -wetedaerae ad stadard deats er all reprt ctres, ecld Prtal 35

re 2.4 Treds mber terrpts per ear ecld eceptal eets: -wetedaerae ad stadard deats er all reprt ctres, ecld Prtal 35

re 2.5 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mtes lst per ear (1999 - 2007) 36re 2.6 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mber terrpts per ear

(1999-2007) 37re 2.7 Plaed terrpts: mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) 38re 2.8 Plaed terrpts: mber terrpts per cstmer per ear (1999-2007) 38re 2.9 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas e

ctres; drat terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 39


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re 2.10 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas 6ctres; mbers terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 40

re 2.11 Mtes lst per cstmer Astra de t plaed terrpts 54re 2.12 nmber terrpts per cstmer Astra de t plaed terrpts 54re 2.13 Mtes lst per Lv cstmer Prtal de t plaed terrpts 55re 2.14 nmber terrpts per Lv cstmer Prtal de t plaed terrpts 55re 3.1 Tw ccles a perect se wae 50 hz (s-1) ac (alterat crret) pase

ltae were te RMS ale s 230 v 66re 3.2 vltae leels, t wc ltae qalt mtr ts are cected race 91re 3.3 Tpcal ltae cae caracterstc dr a ltae dp 95re CS 2.1 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mtes lst per ear

(1999-2007) - lartmc scale 137re CS 2.2 uplaed terrpts ecld eceptal eets; mber terrpts

per ear (1999-2007) - lartmc scale 137re CS 2.5 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) -

lartmc scale 138re CS 2.6 uplaed terrpts cld all eets; mber terrpts per ear

(1999-2007) - lartmc scale 138re CS 2.7 Plaed terrpts; mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) - lartmc scale 139re CS 2.8 Plaed terrpts; mber terrpts per ear (1999-2007) - lartmc

scale 139re CS 2.9 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas 6

ctres; mtes lst per ear (1999-2007) - lartmc scale 140fre CS 2.10 Cmpars plaed terrpts ales betwee deret areas 6

ctres; mber terrpts per ear (1999-2007) - lartmc scale 140fre CS 2.11a uplaed terrpts per medm ltae leel; mtes lst per ear

(1999-2007) accrd t Table 2.11 Ae 1 abe 141fre CS 2.11b uplaed terrpts per medm ltae leel; mtes lst per ear

(1999-2007) accrd t Table 2.11 - lartmc scale 141fre CS 2.12a uplaed terrpts per medm ltae leel; mber terrpts per

ear (1999-2007) accrd t table 2.12 Ae 1 abe 142fre CS 2.12b uplaed terrpts per medm ltae leel; mber terrpts per

ear (1999-2007) accrd t table 2.12 Ae 1 abe - lartmc scale 142fre CS 2.13a uplaed terrpts; mber ShoRT terrpts per ear (1999-2007) 143fre CS 2.13b uplaed terrpts; mber ShoRT terrpts per ear (1999-2007) -

lartmc scale 144re vQ 2.1 noRWAy: measr pts allcated deret ltae leels te perd

1993-2003 152re vQ 2.2 noRWAy: slw sppl ltae arats lw ltae etwr te perd

rm 1993 t 2003 153re vQ 2.3 noRWAy: armc ltaes te lw ltae etwr te perd



rm 1993 t 2003 157

re vQ 2.6 iTALy: resdal ltae ad drat all dps recrded 380 v etwr 2007 157re vQ 2.7 iTALy: resdal ltae ad drat all dps recrded 220 v etwr 2007 158re vQ 2.8 iTALy: resdal ltae ad drat all dps recrded 150 v ad

132 etwrs 2007 158


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4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl - itrdct 1

1 inTRoDuCTion

Te Ccl Erpea Eer Relatrs (CEER) perdcall sres ad aalses te qalt

electrct sppl ts member ctres. Ts 4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct

Sppl addresses te tree majr aspects electrct qalt, amel ctt sppl, ltae

qalt ad cmmercal qalt.

Electrct s epressed terms crrets ad ltaes ad as seeral caracterstcs wc dee

ts teccal qalt, .e. ts aalablt ad seless. i a perect wrld, electrct sppl wld

alwas be aalable, ltae matde ad reqec wld be eqal t ter mal ales ad te

ltae waerm wld be a -dstrted se wae. Smlar deal prpertes ca be deed r te

crret, bt ts reprt l addresses te sppl ltae. i te real wrld, weer, electrct sppl

s t alwas aalable, ltae matde ad reqec deate ctsl rm ter deal ale

ad te ltae waerm s te dstrted.

Capter 2 te reprt deals wt ctt sppl, wc ccers te aalablt electrct; e

te tree ma actrs aect te qalt sppl meted abe. We electrct sppl s t

aalable, ts s reerred t as a terrpt sppl (r a terrpt). Te ewer te staces

terrpts ad te srter tese terrpts are, te better te sppl s rm te ewpt

te cstmer. Te des ad perat te pwer sstem sld be sc tat te mber ad

drat terrpts s acceptable t mst cstmers, wtt crr acceptabl csts.

d a cmprmse betwee relablt ad csts as bee a sbject dscss r seeral

decades w ad wll lel cte r ears t cme. Te ptmal sppl ca be deret r

deret res (rba erss rral) r deret cstmers (dstral erss dmestc) ad wll cer-

tal ele wt tme as ed-ser eqpmet, cstmer reqremets ad estmet csts cae.

Capter 2 ctas rmat abt ctt sppl eeral as well as mtr, dcatrs,

aalss terrpt data receed rm te CEER member ctres ad rmat abt -ste

adts carred t eac ctr. Capter 2 als ctas rmat abt est dets ad,

were aalable, relats se ars Erpea ctres as reards te ccept Ecep-

tal Eets (c.. sect 2.7).

Capter 3 ccers ltae qalt, wc reers t te seless electrct we tere are ter-

rpts. We te ltae qalt (te seless) s er pr, seeral prblems ma arse te se

electrcal applaces ad electrcal prcesses; e.. malct, breadw, trp, damae, redced

ecec, fcer lts ad ee epls ad re. i smple terms, ltae qalt ca be de-

scrbed b deats rm mal ales r ltae reqec ad ltae matde ad b dstr-

ts te ltae wae sape. Tese ca be rter dded t seeral mre parameters r ltae

dstrbaces. De t te atre electrct, ltae qalt s aected b all te partes cected

t te pwer sstem. We ltae qalt s t pr, a e qest s weter te dstrbace (e..a armc dstrbace) rm a cstmers stallat t te pwer sstem s t b r weter

te pwer sstem (te srt crct pwer) at te pt cect s t wea. Te am sld be

t ae a electrmaetc ermet were electrcal eqpmet ad sstems ct satsac-

trl wtt trdc tlerable electrmaetc dstrbaces t ter eqpmet. Ts stat

s reerred t as electrmaetc cmpatblt (EMC). Capter 3 ctas rmat abt ltae

qalt eeral, wr de b CEER ts area, reslts rm atal sres csts related t pr

ltae qalt ad rmat abt est ad plaed mtr sstems ad data.


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2 itrdct - 4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl

Capter 4 cses cmmercal qalt, wc relates t te atre ad qalt cstmer serces

prded t electrct csmers. i a lberalsed electrct maret, te cstmer ccldes eter a

sle ctract wt te sppler r separate ctracts wt te sppler ad te dstrbt sstem

peratr (DSo), accrd t atal relat. i bt cases, weer, cmmercal qalt s a

mprtat sse. Cmmercal qalt s drectl asscated wt trasacts betwee electrct cm-

paes (eter DSos r spplers, r bt) ad cstmers, ad cers t l te sppl ad sale

electrct, bt als ars rms ctacts betwee electrct cmpaes ad cstmers. Tere are

seeral serces tat ca be reqested b cstmers, sc as ew cects, start ad termat-

sppl, meter ercat, ad s , ad eac tem s a trasact tat les sme cmmer-

cal qalt aspects. Te mst reqet cmmercal qalt aspect s tmeless serces reqested

b cstmers. Capter 4 ctas rmat abt cmmercal qalt ad w t ca be related,

te ma reslts becmar cmmercal qalt stadards ad te callees r cmmercal

qalt llw ll electrct maret pe.

oerall, ts reprt ams t preset a erew ad aalss crret practces CEER memberctres, as well as a assessmet areas were a me twards armsat cld rter m-

pre qalt serce ad cseqetl electrct marets Erpe as a wle. i ts ctet, t

s mprtat t te tat qalt sppl s a mprtat elemet maret relat as a wle ad

te relatrs rle esr te prper ct te maret, cld ma rmat aal-

able, prtect wrst-sered cstmers ad prmt qalt mpremets. Qalt sppl s als

clsel led t secrt sppl. i a clmate were estmet ad maret decss are based

ecmc prrtes, t s mprtat t esre tat te qalt te prdct, electrct, s t eatel

aected b te ecmc decss tae b maret partcpats.

Detaled cclss ad recmmedats are prded sects 2.8, 3.10 ad 4.5 r te ctt

sppl, te ltae qalt ad te cmmercal qalt capters, respectel. i addt, te reprt

prdes recmmedats reard te eed t mplemet te ars tls sed t measre ad

mtr qalt electrct sppl, as well as te mprtace pe ad cts dale wt

staelders.


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4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl - itrdct 3


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2 ConTinuiTy o SuPPLy


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4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl - Ctt Sppl 5

2 ConTinuiTy o SuPPLy

2.1 itrdct

i a perect wrld, electrct sppl wld alwas be aalable, ltae matde ad reqec

wld be eqal t ter mal ales ad te ltae waerm wld be a -dstrted se wae.

Smlar deal prpertes ca be deed r te crret, bt ts reprt l ccers sppl ltae.

i te real wrld, electrct sppl s t alwas aalable, ltae matde ad reqec deate

ctsl rm ter deal ale ad te ltae waerm s dstrted. Ctt sppl c-

cers te rst tese prpertes sppl. We te electrct sppl s t aalable, ts s reerred

t as a terrpt sppl r srt terrpt. Te ewer te terrpts ad te srter

tese terrpts are, te better te qalt sppl rm te ewpt te cstmer. Te desad perat te pwer sstem sld be sc tat te mber ad drat terrpts s

acceptable t mst cstmers wtt crr acceptabl csts. A acceptable cmprmse

betwee relablt ad csts as bee a sbject dscsss r seeral decades, wc wll

cte r ears t cme. Te ptmal sppl ca be deret r deret res (rba erss

rral) r deret cstmers (dstral erss dmestc) ad wll certal ele wt tme as ed-ser

eqpmet, cstmer reqremets ad estmet csts cae. it sld als be ted tat te est-

pwer sstem s te te reslt strcal deelpmets ad decss tat were made l a.

Ctt sppl relates t tese terrpts ad s te sbject ts capter. Te am ts

capter s t t d te ptmal sppl, bt t prde rmat te est leel ctt

sppl deret Erpea ctres, as ar as ctt measremets are aalable ad cmpa-

rable ad t prde a erew te est practces r mtr ctt sppl Erpe-

a ctres, cld te dets dcatrs t qat te mber ad drat terrpts

r ddal cstmers ad r rps cstmers we measr te ctt sppl.

Te ter prpertes ltae - matde, waerm etc. - all wt te realm ltae qalt

ad wll be dscssed Capter 3 ts reprt.

2.1.1 Interruptions

A terrpt s a stat were te sppl s t aalable r e r mre cstmers. We cl-

lect ctt data ad s dcatrs t measre ctt, t s mprtat t dee clearl we

sppl s csdered t be terrpted. Tere are tw, sltl deret dets a terrpt.

Wle te reslt s, mst cases, te same, te assess terrpts rm deret srces.

Te rst det ses te ltae at te pt cect betwee te cstmer ad te etwr.

i te ltae matde s zer r clse t zer, ts s reerred t as a terrpt. Te adatae

ts det s tat t measres ctt rm te cstmers perspecte. Mtr ctt

s ts det wld reqre mtr te ltae all, r te majrt , cstmers. us

est tecl, ts wld reqre estmets bed wat s deemed reasable.

Te secd det terrpt ses te alac cect betwee te cstmer ad te

etwr. i tere s alac cect betwee te cstmer ad te ma part te etwr,

ts s reerred t as a terrpt Te start ad ed te terrpt crrespds t te pe ad


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6 Ctt Sppl - 4t Becmar Reprt Qalt Electrct Sppl

ts s reerred t as a terrpt. Te start ad ed te terrpt crrespds t te pe ad

cls a terrpt dece, le te pe a crct breaer r te cls a lad swtc. Ts

det des t drectl crrespd t cstmer reqremets, bt t maes t mc easer r te ss-

tem peratr t ater ctt data. i mst practcal cases, te tw dets are eqalet.

Ee we ltae s sed te det a terrpt, te cllect ctt data s based

te pe ad cls terrpt deces. As te pe taes place atmatcall wt mstterrpts ad s t alwas recrded, r te lwer ltae leels, t s te te maal cls

terrpt deces tat rms te bass r ctt statstcs. Te start te terrpt s,

ma cases, l estmated. r terrpts de t cdets te lw ltae etwr, sme ss-

tem peratrs stll rel cstmers reprt te ccrrece a terrpt. r te er ltae

leels, data-acqst sstems le SCADA (spersr ctrl ad data acqst) r EMS (eer

maaemet sstem) are sed t recrd te be ad te ed terrpts.

2.1.2 Continuity indicators

Qat te ctt electrct sppl reqres ctt dcatrs, tpcall reerred t as

ctt dces r als relablt dces. r becmar prpses, ad als t be able t

reprdce ad terpret te statstcs, t s mprtat tat te dces are deed a trasparet ad

qe wa. Ts s a -tral tas as tere are stll deret dets ad metds be sed

deret ctres. i sect 2.3, a erew s e te deret ctt dcatrs tat are

sed te ctres tat t part te sre.

Te bass r te calclat ctt dcatrs s te cllect rmat ddal ter-

rpts. A ddal terrpt s descrbed b ts drat ad b te sze te terrpt. Te

drat s epressed mtes r rs; tere are deret metds se r qat te sze.

Ts ma be de b ct te mber cstmers tat are terrpted, r b ct te amt

pwer tat s terrpted. Bt metds are se bt, as sw te llw pararaps, te

mber cstmers s te mst dclt parameter t qat r sz te terrpt.

rm rmat all ddal terrpts tat t place dr te reprt perd te sstem

tat s be mtred, a mber sstem dces are calclated. Te majrt dces se pr-de a measre r te aerae mber terrpts tat t place r r te aerae tme dr

wc electrct sppl was t aalable.

Te dsadatae sstem dces s tat te l prde rmat r te aerae cstmer, t

r a ddal cstmer. A ddal cstmer s, prcple, l terested te terrpts

tat mpact ts pt cect. Stable dcatrs r ddal cstmers are te mber ter-

rpts epereced b te ddal cstmers dr a e ear ad te mber mtes tat

electrct sppl was t aalable r te ddal cstmer.

hweer, t s t practcal t pbls dces r eac ddal cstmer. Ts s e te reass

w, tpcall, l sstem aeraes are pblsed (ater mprtat reas s related t te wa

wc te data s cllected). Sme dces are aalable tat e mre rmat ta jst te aer-

ae mber r drat terrpts all cstmers.

A termedate step, sed b sme relatrs ad sstem peratrs, s t calclate te ctt

dcatrs r eac ddal eeder. i tat wa, a better mpress s btaed te derece

perrmace betwee deret parts te sstem Sme DSos r relatrs are als s dcatrs


25/200


perrmace betwee deret parts te sstem. Sme DSos r relatrs are als s dcatrs

a erapcal leel r areas wt eqalet caracterstcs, e.., rral ad rba etwrs.

2.1.3 Planned and unplanned interruptions

Mst terrpts are de eter t prrammable r predctable eets, bt rater t resee

eets le cmpet alres, lt stres, ecaat acttes, r crrect swtc acts.Tse terrpts are reerred t as rced terrpts r plaed terrpts.

i sme cases, a terrpt s de t te sstem peratr tetall pe a terrpt de-

ce t de-eerse part te etwr, cld e r mre cstmers. Sc measres are tpcall

sed t eable mateace est etwr cmpets r t bld ew parts te etwr.

Tese terrpts are reerred t as plaed terrpts r scedled terrpts.

Plaed terrpts are, mst cases, part erts t mpre te ctt sppl. Terere, tesesld be treated separatel rm plaed terrpts, wc d t sere a prpse r cstmers.

Ater reas r treat plaed terrpts separatel s tat cstmers ca tae act t lmt

te cseqeces te terrpt te are ted adace. Terere, mst relatrs set

rles abt te tpe rmat t be e t cstmers adace ad te tmeles t d s

rder r te terrpt t be deemed a plaed terrpt te ctt sppl statstcs. A

terrpt t csdered t be a plaed terrpt s cted as a plaed terrpt.

it sld be ted tat mesed etwrs, mateace des t ecessarl reslt a terrpt.

Plaed terrpts are, weer, adable we repar r mateace s cdcted parts

te etwr tat are radal, wtt bacp sppl pats, less mble eeratrs are sed r le-

le mateace wr s carred t. Te earler-meted cmprmse betwee relablt ad csts

reslts sme parts te etwr t a a bacp sppl pats. istall sc pats r all

cstmers wld reslt ecesse csts.

Te derece betwee plaed ad plaed terrpts wll be dscssed mre detal

sect 2.4.6.

2.1.4 Long, short, and transient interruptions

A dstct s te made betwee te tpes terrpts, based ter drat. i mst Er-

pea ctres, a terrpt s reerred t as a srt terrpt t lasts 3 mtes r less. A l

terrpt s a terrpt tat lasts mre ta 3 mtes. Tese dets are accrdace wt

te Erpea stadard En 501601. Ee t ts dcmet l apples t dstrbt ltaes p

t 35 v, seeral ts dets are applcable t er ltae leels as well.

Te reas r ts dstct as t d wt te wa wc ctt data as tradtall bee

cllected. Te eet tat as tradtall bee recrded b te sstem peratr was te maal re-

cect te sppl. Te start te terrpt, we de t te atmatc pe a pece

1 EN 50160, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution networks, CENELEC, Brussels, 2007.CENELEC standards can be obtained rom the national standard setting organisation. It has been decided that a new dratwill be sent or vote in the near uture; see also section 3.4 in this report.

swtcear (tpcall a crct breaer trered b a prtect rela), was t recrded sme cases,


26/200


a ( p a a a a p a), a a ,

r was recrded l b te data-acqst sstem ad t clded ctt statstcs. Als, te

ed te terrpt was t recrded te terrpt dece was clsed atmatcall ( prac-

tce reerred t as atrecls). Te cllect data r tese terrpts reqres atmatc

restrat, eter ltaes at te cstmer cect r swtc acts te etwr. As

te drat terrpts termated b atrecls s mc srter ta terrpts termated

maall, te rmer are reerred t as srt terrpts.

Apart rm te dcltes recrd atmatcall-termated terrpts, tere are ter reass

r treat tese terrpts deretl. Te am te atrecls sceme s t preet cstmers

rm eperec l terrpts wt drats seeral rs r mre. istead, te cstmers

eperece srt terrpts, wt drats betwee a ew secds ad a ew mtes. i ma

cases, te atrecls sceme s sc tat te cstmer epereces mre srt terrpts wt

te sceme ta l terrpts wtt te sceme. Tradtall, r ma cstmers, te mpact

a 1-mte terrpt s elble r at least, mc less ta te mpact a 1-r terrpt.Te reslt te atrecls sceme as terere tradtall bee a redct te ttal c-

eece r cstmers. De t a mber deelpmets, bed te scpe ts reprt, te st-

at as caed.

hweer, te mpact s strl depedet te tpe cstmer, wt dstral ad cmmercal cs-

tmers tpcall be mpacted mre ta dmestc cstmers. r a rw mber cstmers,

especall dstral cstmers, ee 1-mte terrpts are smlar ccer as a ler terrp-

t. Terere, te eed as arse r rmat te mber ad drat srt terrpts.

i sme ctres, a rter dstct betwee srt terrpts ad traset terrpts s made,

were te traset terrpts are terrpts p t a ew secds. Te reas r ts dstc-

t s partall de t te derece r betwee srt ad traset terrpts ad partl de t

te derece te mpact te terrpts cstmers. Te mpact traset terrpts s

tpcall less, bt cases lare mtr lads a traset terrpt ma lead t eqpmet damae

we tere s scet crdat betwee te mtr prtect ad te atreclsre sceme.

Als, damae t electrc eqpmet de t traset terrpts as bee reprted.

2.1.5 Component outages, incidents and supply interruptions

We std ctt sppl, t s er mprtat t csder te derece betwee component

outages ( srt: taes) ad supply interruptions ( srt: terrpts). As meted earler, a

sppl terrpt s a stat were a cstmer s wtt electrct. A tae s a stat were

a cmpet te pwer etwr (e.., a cable r a trasrmer) s dscected rm te rest te

etwr. Ts ma be de t a alt reslt te remal te cmpet, de t a cmpet

alre reslt a pe crct, de t a teded swtc perat (.e. ma errr) r ee

de t a teded swtc perat.

Sppl terrpts are, all cases, de t cmpet taes. hweer, t all cmpet taes

reslt sppl terrpts. Te start a terrpt s tpcall de t te start a tae (a

cmpet alre). Te ed a terrpt ma be de t a swtc perat r te ed a

cmpet tae (cmpet restrat, repar r replacemet).

A tae tat reslts a terrpt r e r mre cstmers s reerred t as a incident. it s

mprtat t dsts betwee te cdet, wc taes place te etwr, ad te terrpt,


27/200


p p p

wc taes place at te cstmers cect pt. Te majrt cstmers are cected t te

lw ltae etwr, bt a sbstatal mber te terrpts epereced b lw ltae cstm-

ers s de t cdets tat ccr at er ltae leels. r mst lw ltae (Lv) ad medm ltae

(Mv) cstmers, te majrt terrpts are de t cdets tat ccr at medm ltae leel.

i radal etwrs (tpcall at lw r medm ltae remte lcats) tere s l e sppl patt te cstmers. Te tae a cmpet wll mmedatel reslt a terrpt ad te ter-

rpt wll l ed we te cmpet s restred. i tat case, te terrpt eactl crrespds

t te tae. Te drat te terrpt s eqal t te tme eeded t restre, repar r replace

te aled cmpet.

i mre cmple etwrs (mst te remader lw ad medm ltae etwrs), a alterate

pat ests bt s t sed dr te perat. Sc etwrs are smetmes reerred t as radal

perated mesed etwrs. Te start a terrpt crrespds wt te start a tae, btte terrpt ca be eded (electrct restred) tr a swtc act (bac eed). Ts s

reerred t as reddac tr swtc.

i sb-trasmss ad trasmss etwrs ad mprtat medm ltae etwrs, te alter-

ate pat t l ests bt s als sed dr te perat. Te electrc pwer fws tr bt

pats ad ater a tae e te pats, te ter pat taes er mmedatel. Te cstmers

wll t eperece a terrpt. Ts s reerred t as reddac tr parallel perat.

Te presece reddac scatl mpres te ctt sppl, bt t ca als scatl

crease te csts.

2.1.6 Exceptional events

Sme terrpts are csdered t be de t eceptal eets ad terere are eter t c-

sdered te statstcs r are treated separatel. Deret ctres se deret crtera t decde

a terrpt sld be treated as a eceptal eet. Te derl reass r te decs als

der betwee ctres, bt eeral, are based te csderat tat t s t pssble t des

a pwer sstem tat ca cpe wt a stat.

Eceptal weater r ter crcmstaces ca reslt cmpet alre ee te cmpets are

desed crrectl, s reasable saet mars. Sc taes are te csdered t be tsde

te ctrl te sstem peratr. Ts ma be, r eample, tetal damae t etwr cm-

pets, le adalsm, r er etreme weater cdts.

it sld be ted, weer, tat weater crcmstaces tat ccr ccasall sld t be c-

sdered as eceptal eets. r eample, swstrms are t a eceptal eet Swede, bt

cld be see as a eceptal eet ster greece. Smlarl, er t temperatre r sstaed

perds tme s t a eceptal eet greece, bt cld be csdered s Swede. Lt

sld t be treated as a eceptal eet awere Erpe.

Te secd stat tat s csdered eceptal s we eteral crcmstaces reslt a lare mber

cmpet taes dr a srt perd tme. Te rmal reddac preset te sstem wll be

ar rm scet. Te mber repar crews wll t be scet t qcl repar all cmpets. Ts

s tpcall te case wt eceptal weater, sc as rrcaes. At te same tme, te wds, ea

sw, fd r ter etreme weater cdts, wll mae t mpssble t repar te cmpets.


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Eceptal eets wll be dscssed mre detal sect 2.7.

2.1.7 Use o continuity data

Te wa wc ctt data s sed s mprtat determ wat data sld be cllected,wc dces sld be calclated s te data, ad w te reslts sld be preseted.

Ctt data ca be sed a mber was, mst wc are tsde te scpe ts reprt.

Eamples te se ctt data are:

d a abslte ale te perrmace a e etwr dr a e ear. r eample,

t cmpare te perrmace wt a perrmace taret;

g rmat t ddal cstmers r rps cstmers te leel ctt tat cabe epected;

Detect treds etwr perrmace b ma ear-b-ear cmparss te ctt

dces;

Cmpar deret rps cstmers r deret parts te etwr;

g eedbac t te sstem peratr r mateace pla ad estmet decss;

Cmpar te perrmace deret tpes etwrs, deret sstem peratrs r deret

ctres;

Prd rmat wc ca be sed cete-based relat.

i ts reprt, te cmpars wll be made b s ctt dces tat ma ae bee deelped

r ter prpses ta r becmar betwee ctres. Deret ctres ae deret reprt-

rles, smewat deret dets terrpt, ars dets ad treatmet ecept-

al eets ad als se smewat deret dces. Ts eplas, part, te dclt qattatel

cmpar reslts rm deret ctres. Part te derece s als de t erapc ad cl-

mate dereces betwee ctres: cstmer dest ad weater feces sw lare dereces

trt Erpe. i addt, deret metds r des, rd, perat ad mateace

reslt dereces ctt dces.

Te act tat ma sstem peratrs cllect data ctt sppl r ter w teral se

sws te seless ts data r prpses ter ta reprt t a relatr. Te cllect ts

d data l precedes ts se r relatr prpses.

2.2 Ma Cclss rm Pres Becmar Reprts Qalt Electrct

SpplTe ma eatres ctt sppl, acrss seeral sreed ctres, are descrbed te

1st (Aprl 2001), 2d (September 2003) ad 3rd (December 2005) Becmar Reprts qalt

electrct sppl2.

2 All previous Benchmarking Reports are reely available on the website: www.energy-regulators.eu.

i bre, te 1st Becmar Reprt deted te tw ma eatres ctt sppl rela-

( ) ( )


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t as (1) aratee tat eac ser ca be prded wt at least a mmm leel qalt ad (2)

prmt qalt mpremet acrss te sstem. Te cmparate aalss aalable measremet

ad ctt sppl relat te 1st Becmar Reprt sws tat relatrs ae eer-

all appraced ctt sses b start wt l terrpts aect lw ltae cstmers,

treat plaed ad plaed terrpts separatel. i seeral ctres, bt te mber ad te

drat terrpts are aalable, bt te cce te dcatr sed ares b ctr. i mactres, srt terrpts are r wll be recrded as well. Deret appraces t ctt sp-

pl relat, ad partclar te deret ctt dcatrs ad stadards adpted, recrd

metdles sed, cmbed wt deret erapcal, meterlcal ad etwr caracters-

tcs, mae becmar actal leels ctt sppl dclt.

i te 2d Becmar Reprt, te mber ctres clded te cmpars was eteded ad

te cmparss were mre detaled. Dstcts were made betwee plaed ad plaed ter-

rpts, deret ltae leels ad lad dest areas as well as a classcat te terrpt bts case. it was ted tat rter armsat data ad dets betwee relatrs remaed

ecessar.

r plaed terrpts, t was sw tat sme ctres wt strcall leels ct-

t sppl were eperec mre ad ler terrpts. o te ctrar, sme ctres wt

strcall lwer ctt sppl swed scat mpremets.

Te 2d Becmar Reprt als cclded tat releat sals qalt sppl decreases

were emer Erpea ctres, ee ater te pratsat tltes, creas sppl cmpe-

tt, prce-cap relat r mplstc acttes ad leal bdl bsesses.

A mber ecra treds were bsered te 3rd Becmar Reprt:

Te drat plaed terrpts swed (r mst ctres) a scat dwward tred;

Te mber plaed terrpts swed (r mst ctres) a dwward tred;

Ecld eceptal eets rm plaed perrmace res lted te scat m-

premets be made b ma Erpea ctres terms bt te drat ad te mber terrpts;

Ctres wt presl lw leels r te drat ad mber terrpts ae made rter

mpremets; ad

Te mber srt terrpts as eerall t rse, despte a creased me twards at-

mat ad remte ctrl tecqes.

2.3 Ctt Sppl MtrTe ctt sppl s mtred all ctres tat repled t te sre. Te d terrpts

mtred ad te leel detal be reprted ares scatl betwee ctres. A erew

tese dereces s preseted ts sect.

nt all ctres repled t te sre. r sme tse ctres, we are aware detaled mtr

prrammes. r ter ctres, we are t aware sc prrammes.

2.3.1 Types o interruptions monitored


30/200


Table 2.1 sws te ds terrpts tat are mtred te deret ctres. uplaed

terrpts l drat are mtred all ctres ee t all ctres mtr tese -

terrpts at all ltae leels (see sect 2.4.2); plaed terrpts are t mtred Belm

(ederal). Te l sstem peratr ts apples t s te Belm trasmss sstem peratr (et-

wrs wt mal ltaes 30 v ad er).

TABLE 2.1 TyPES o inTERRuPTionS MoniToRED in ThE DiEREnT CounTRiES

CountryLong

interruptions

Short

interruptions

Transient

interruptions

Unplanned

interruptions

Planned

interruptions

Astra x x x

Belm

(Brssels re)

x x x

Belm(lems re)

x x x x

Belm(Wall re)

x x x

Belm (ederal) x x x

Czec Repblc x x x

Demar x(4) x(4) x x

Esta x x x

lad x x x x

race x x x(2) x x

germa x x x

har x x x x x

ital x x x x x

Ltaa x x x x

Lembr x x x

te neterlads x x x(3)

nrwa x x x x

Plad x x x x

Prtal x x(1) x x

Rmaa x x x

Slea x x x

Spa x x x x

Swede x x x

uted kdm x x x x(1) i Prtal, all terrpts (cld srt es), are mtred at trasmss leel. Bt accrdace wt te qalt serce cde,

l l terrpts are reprted.(2) i race, te TSo mtrs traset terrpts, bt des t calclate a specc dcatrs r traset terrpts.(3) i te neterlads, plaed terrpts are l mtred rm 2006.(4) i Demar, all terrpts last 1 mte r mre are mtred.

Srt terrpts are recrded b 12 te 24 respdets (Belm ae r deret reples);

3 ctres recrd traset terrpts separatel bt l 2 ctres (har ad ital) calclate


31/200


3 ctres recrd traset terrpts separatel, bt l 2 ctres (har ad ital) calclate

dces r traset terrpts. Te dets reard te drat l, srt, ad traset

terrpts wc are mtred are reprted r deret ctres Tables 2.2a ad b.

TABLE 2.2A DEiniTionS o Long, ShoRT AnD TRAnSiEnT inTERRuPTionS

Country Transient interruption Short interruption Long interruption

Astra T>3 m

Belm (Brssels re) T>3 m

Belm (lems re) T3 m T>3 m

Belm (Wall re) T3 m

lad T3 m T>3 m

race T1 m

nrwa T3 m T>3 m

Plad T1 sec 1 sec < T 3 m T>3 m

Prtal T3 m T>3 m

Rmaa T1 sec 1 sec 3 m

Slea T3 m T>3 m

Spa T0.5 sec 0.5 sec 3 m

Swede T3 m T>3 m

uted kdm T


32/200


TABLE 2.2B DEiniTionS o Long, ShoRT AnD TRAnSiEnT inTERRuPTionS

Country Transient interruption Short interruption Long interruption

AstraBelm (Brssels re)EstagermaLembr

T>3 m

Belm (lems re)DemarladnrwaPrtalSleaSwede

T3 m T>3 m

Belm (ederal)Belm (Wall re)Ltaauted kdm

T


33/200


Country LV MV HV Transmission

Astra x x

Belm (Brssels re) x x

Belm (lems re)

Belm (Wall re) x

Belm (ederal) x x

Czec Repblc x x x

Demar x x x x

Esta x x x

lad x(1) x x x

race x x x x

germa x x x x

har x x x x

ital x x x x

Ltaa x x x x

Lembr x x

te neterlads x x x x

nrwa(2) x x x

Plad x x x x

Prtal x x x x

Rmaa x x x x

Slea x

Spa x x x

Swede x x x x

uted kdm(3) x x x

(1) i lad, l te mber terrpts s mtred at Lv.(2) i nrwa, all terrpts de t cdets etwrs wt ltae leels abe 1 v are clded te statstcs. Ts cldes als te

eects ed-sers cected t Lv. rter te ltae leel te cdet s reprted.(3) i te uted kdm, plaed cdets are mtred p t 132 v; plaed cdets p t 66 v.

Te relatr rter mtrs te llw cdets: icdets te sstems e te TSos; Incidentsonthesystemsofdistributedgenerators;and

Incidentsonanyotherconnectedsystemswhichshouldbeidentied.

2.3.3 Level o detail in the calculated indicator

Ctt sppl dcatrs ca be calclated r a ctr r re as a wle, r eac sstem

peratr, r eac eeder, r ee r eac ddal cstmer. Te practce ares strl betwee

deret ctres, as sw Table 2.4 ad te asscated tes. Mst ctres preset te reslts

r te wle ctr ad per sstem peratr (DSo/TSo). Belm (Brssels Re) as l e

sstem peratr. i Belm (ederal), te relat l apples t te TSo.

i a small mber ctres, te dcatrs are calclated per re, per eeder r per cstmer.

rter dstcts ca be made based te ltae leel at wc te cdet taes place r te


34/200


case te cdet. A dstct based ltae leel s made 18 te 21 ctres. irmat

te case te cdet s e 10 ctres. hweer, te classcats sed r te ltae

leels ad cases are scatl deret betwee te deret ctres.

7 ctres e separate dcatrs r rral ad rba areas; 5 ctres dsts betwee der-rd ad eread (aeral) etwrs. Als ere, deret ctres se deret classcats.

Te qestare t relatrs rter ased data was aalable r te ctt sppl lare ctes.

Sc data s aalable rm te llw relatrs: Belm (Brssels re); lad, germa, ital,

Lembr, nrwa ad Swede.

TABLE 2.4 LEvEL o DETAiL in ThE PRESEnTATion o ThE inDiCAToRS in ThE

DiEREnT CounTRiESCountry National System

Operators

Region Feeder Customer Voltage

level

Causes Urban/

rural

Cable/

aerial

Astra x x x(10) x

Belm(Brssels re)

x x(34) x(16)

Belm(lems re)

x x(6) x

Belm

(Wall re)

x x(17) x

Belm (ederal) x x x(7) x(18)

Czec Repblc x x x x x(11)

Demar x x x(38) x(38) x(39) x(40) x(41)

Esta x x(33)

lad x x x(3) x(32)

race x x x x(1) x(2) x(19)

germa x x(8)

xhar x x x(12)

ital x x x x(26) x x(9) x x(22) x(26)

Ltaa x x x(35) x(36) x(37)

Lembr x x(28)

te neterlads x x x(30) x

nrwa(5) x x x x x(13) x(20) x(27)

Plad x xPrtal x x x x x(29) x(23)

Rmaa x x x(4) x

Slea x x x x(31)

Spa x x x x(14) x(24)

Swede x x

uted kdm x x x x(15) x(21) x(25) x(25)

Footnotes to table 2.4

(1) i t t d t t d t l t l l d t ll ll t t l t


35/200


(1) i race, ctt dcatrs are mtred at sle-cstmer leel, r eac d cstmer, especall llw ctractal cmmt-mets dstral cstmers, ralwa peratrs ad dstrbt peratrs.

(2) i race, te llw classcat s sed:r te TSo: rm 50 v t 400 v;

Ehv: 400 v;hv: 225 v, 150 v, 90 v ad 63 v.

r te DSos: at 50 v r less;Mv: 20 v ad 15 v;Lv: 400 v ad 230 v.

hweer, certa cases, te DSo s care certa les hv rd.(3) i lad, ctt dcatrs are mtred at Mv trasrmer dstrct leel.(4) i Rmaa, ctt dcatrs are recrded accrd t te llw classcat ltae leels: LV,upto andincluding1kV; MV,above1kVandupto110kV; HV,110kV; Transmission,above110kV.(5) i nrwa, te terrpt data s cllected at a sle-cstmer leel were cstmers are dded t 27 deret rps. Te dcatrs

are te calclated ad reprted based cstmer cater, DSo/TSo, re (ct) ad r te wle ctr.

(6) i Belm (lems re), a dstct s made betwee hv ad Mv.(7) i Belm (ederal), a classcat s made accrd t te ltae at te pt deler: MV; 30-70kV; 150-380kV.(8) i germa, te llw classcat s sed te ltae leel at wc te cdet t place: EHV:above125kV; HV:above72.5kVuptoandincluding125kV; MV:above1kVuptoandincluding72.5kV; LV:1kVorlower.(9) i ital, te llw classcat s sed: Transmission; HV(above35kV); MV(above1kV); LV(upto1kV).

icdets wt trasrmers are attrbted t te lwer ltae leel te cdet des t case a terrpt r te er ltae leel.(10) i Astra, te ltae leel te cdet s classed accrd t: EHV:above110kV; HV:above36kVuptoandincluding110kV; MV:above1kVuptoandincluding36kV; LV:1kVorlower.(11) i te Czec Repblc, a dstct s made betwee LV:lessthan1kV;

MV:between1kVand35kV; HV:between35kVand400kV.(12) i har, dstct s made betwee LV:0.4kV; MV:10upto35kV; HV:120kV; Transmission:220upto750kV.(13) Te llw classcat s sed nrwa te terrpt statstcs as reards wc ltae leel te cdets ccr: 1


36/200


y p y;

HVorMVoverheadlineinnormalweatherconditions;

HVorMVoverheadlineasaresultofbadweatherconditionsorcausedbyathirdparty;

HVstationorMVtransformerstationoftheDSOattheHVorMVside;

HVstationorMVtransformerstationofagrid-user;

FaultonanotherelectricitygridnotmanagedbytheDSO.

(17) Mst DSos Belm (Wall re) se te llw classcat: Electrical;

Weather;

Externalintervention(subcontractors);

Externalcomponent;

Externalinuence;

Technology,building method;

Operations;

Others.

(18) Te llw classcat s sed b te TSo (te l cmpa der te ederal relatr Belm) r reprt t te relatr: FaultonacableconnectionoperatedbytheTSO,allcausesexceptcablerupturebythirdparties;

FaultonacableconnectionoperatedbytheTSOcausedbythirdparties;

FaultonaHVlineoperatedbytheTSO,allcausesexceptweatherconditions;

FaultonaHVlineoperatedbytheTSOcausedbyweatherconditions;

FaultonaHVsubstationoperatedbytheTSO;

Faultinanexternalnetwork,inthecustomersinstallations;

Faultinanexternalnetwork,locatedinadistributionortransmissionsystemthatisnotoperatedbytheTSO.

(19) Te llw classcat s sed b te TSo race: Atmosphericevents(lightning,snow,wind);

Hardwareevents(line,substation);

Vegetationcontact;

Humanoperationcause;

Customerinstal lationcause;

Thirdpartycause; Non-identiedcause.

(20) Te llw ma classcat ater case s sed nrwa. Tese ma cateres are rter dded t sbcateres: Surroundings;

People(staff);

People(others);

Operationalstress;

Technicalequipment;

Design/installation;

Others.

(21) Te uk relatr reqres te etwr peratrs t reprt terrpts accrd t te llw cases:

Lightning; Rain,snow,sleet,blizzard,freezingfog,frostandice;

Wind,gale,growingtrees,fallingtreesandwind-bornematerials;

Allothercausesduetoweatherandenvironmentalcausesplusbirds,animalsandinsects;

Companyandmanufacturercauses;

Thirdparty;

Anyothercauses(includingunknownandunclassied).

(22) i ital, data s reprted separatel r 300 dstrcts, were a classcat s made betwee: Urban:high-densitymunicipalities,morethan50,000inhabitants;

Semi-urban:medium-densitymunicipalities,between5,000and50,000inhabitants;

Urban:low-densitymunicipalities,lessthan5,000inhabitants.

(23) i Prtal, data s reprted separatel r rral, sem-rba ad rba areas based te llw rles:

Urban:zoneA,maincitiesandlocalitieswithmorethan25,000customers; Semi-urban:zoneB,localitieswith2,500to25,000customers;

Rural:zoneC,localitieswithlessthan2,500customers.

(24) Te llw area classcat s sed Spa: Urbanarea:allthosemunicipaldistrictsinaprovincewithmorethan20,000customers,includingprovincialcapitalcitieseventhough

te d t reac 20,000 cstmers; Semi-urbanarea:allofthemunicipaldistrictsinaprovincewithabetween2,000and20,000customers,excludingprovincialcapitalcities;

Ruralarea:

- Ccetrated rral area: all tse mcpal dstrcts a prce wt betwee 200 ad 2,000 cstmers;- Scattered rral area: all tse mcpal dstrcts a prce wt ewer ta 200 cstmers as well as te cstmers lcated tsde

te pplat cetres tat are t dstral r resdetal.

At te reqest te dstrbt cmpa aected, te Mstr Ecm ma redee te areas.(25) Te uk relatr cllects pscal caracterstcs ad perrmace rmat r eac Mv crct r eac dstrbt cmpa. Tese cr-

cts are te dded t 22 crct rps wt pscall smlar caracterstcs. Te rps are deed s tat dereces te percet-


37/200


ae eread le, crct let ad mber cected cstmers are mmsed ad tat rp s dmated b a sle cmpa.Te relatr cmpares ad becmars te perrmace wt eac crct rp.

(26) i ital, data cable ad aeral etwrs s cllected per sle Mv eeder bt t pblsed.(27) i nrwa, data s reprted separatel r: Distributionnetwork-overheadlines(morethan90%ofthefeederkmisoverhead);

Distributionnetwork-cables(morethan90%ofthefeederkmisunderground); Distributionnetwork-mixed;

Regionalgrid;

Centralgrid.

(28) i Lembr, a dstct s made betwee: LV:1kVandless;

MV:above1kVbutlessthan65kV.

(29) i Prtal, te llw ltae leels are dstsed LV:1kVorless(inpractice:400V);

MV:higherthan1kVuptoandincluding45kV(6,10,15and30kV);

HV:above45kVuptoandincluding110kV(60kV);

EHV:above110kV(130,150,220and400kV).

(30) i te neterlads, ctt dcatrs are recrded accrd t te llw classcat ltae leels: LV:1kV;

MV:>1kVand


38/200


OperationandMaintenance;

Materials;

Other.

(41) i Demar, terrpts are mtred r derrd cables (cld sea cables) ad aeral les.

Data s restered te EL-AS alt statstcs. Tese cateres are t clded te Das relatrs de r mtr terrpts

ad terere t reprted t te relatr.

2.4 Ctt Sppl idcatrs

2.4.1 Indices or distribution systems

At dstrbt leel, te llw dces are se te ctres tat repled t te qestare.

SAIDI, r Sstem Aerae iterrpt Drat ide, es te aerae amt tme per ear tat

te sppl t a cstmer s terrpted. it s epressed mtes per cstmers per ear ad calc-

lated b s te llw epress:

SAiDi =

Nix r

i

i

NT

were te smmat s tae er all cdets, eter at all ltae leels r l at selected ltae

leels; res te restrat tme r eac cdet; n

es te mber cstmers terrpted b

eac cdet; nT

es te ttal mber cstmers te sstem r wc te de s calclated.

(nte tat te restrat tme s deret r deret rps cstmers led te same c-

det; terere, te sm mst be eteded t eac rp cstmers eperec te same restra-

t tme).

SAIFI, r Sstem Aerae iterrpt reqec ide, es te aerae mber tmes per ear

tat te sppl t a cstmer s terrpted. it s epressed terrpts per cstmer per ear ad

calclated s te llw epress:

SAii =

Ni

i

NT

CAIDI, r Cstmer Aerae iterrpt Drat ide, es te aerae drat a terrpt.

it s epressed mtes per terrpt ad calclated s te llw epress:

CAiDi =

Ni

x ri

i

Ni

i

it ca als be btaed as te rat SAiDi ad SAii.

Tese tree dces (SAiDi, SAii ad CAiDi) are te ma dces sed te majrt ctres.

Tese dces are deed am ters iEEE Std.1366, were wet based mber cs-

tmers s sed. Wt bt SAii ad SAiDi, a redct ale dcates a mpremet te c-

tt sppl. Wt CAiDi ts s t te case: a redct bt SAiDi ad SAii cld stll reslt

a crease CAiDi. Wereas CAiDi remas a sel de, t s t stable r cmparss r r

tred aalss


39/200


tred aalss.

Te abe epresss r SAiDi, SAii ad CAiDi ld r wet te terrpts based

mber cstmers. As sw Table 2.6, seeral ter wet metds are als se. i tat

case te epresss ( te eqats) cae smewat.

r wet based terrpted pwer, nes te amt rated r ctracted pwer ter-

rpted b eac cdet; nT

es te ttal rated r ctracted te sstem r wc te de

s calclated. Te rated r ctracted pwer ma be te rated pwer trasrmers (tpcall

dstrbt trasrmers) r te ctracted pwer Mv r hv cstmers.

r wet based delered eer, nes te amt acte pwer terrpted b

eac cdet; nT

es te ttal acte pwer csmpt te sstem r wc te de s

calclated.

r wet based mber dstrbt trasrmers, nes te mber dstrbt

trasrmers terrpted b eac cdet; nT

es te ttal mber dstrbt trasrmers

te sstem r wc te de s calclated.

r wet based te mber deler pts, nes te mber deler pts ter-

rpted b eac cdet; nT

es te ttal mber deler pts te sstem r wc te

de s calclated.

r wet based aal eer csmpt, ns te aal eer csmpt te

cstmers terrpted b eac cdet; nT

es te aal eer csmpt te sstem r

wc te de s calclated.

CI, r Cstmer iterrpts, s sed uted kdm stead SAii. it s calclated te same

wa as SAii bt epressed as te mber terrpts per 100 cstmers per ear.

CML, r Cstmer Mtes Lst, s sed uted kdm as sm r SAiDi.

ASIDI, r Aerae Sstem iterrpt Drat ide, es te aerae drat a terrpt,

weted b te rated r ctracted pwer rater ta b te mber cstmers aected. it s e-pressed mtes per ear, ad calclated s te llw epress:

ASiDi =

Lix r

i

i

LT

were te smmat s tae er all cdets, eter at all ltae leels r l at selected ltae

leels; res te restrat tme r eac cdet; L

es te rated r ctracted pwer terrpted

b eac cdet; LT

es te ttal rated r ctracted r terrpted pwer te sstem r wc te

de s calclated. Te rated r ctracted pwer ma be te rat a dstrbt trasrmer, te

ctracted pwer a Mv r hv cstmer, r te trasrmer rat a deler pt.

T-SAIDI, r Trasrmer SAiDi, s sed lad r SAiDi weted b te aal eer csmpt.

T-SAIFI, r Trasrmer SAii, s sed lad r SAii weted b te aal eer csmpt.

ASIFI, r Aerae Sstem iterrpt reqec ide, es te aerae mber terrpts

weted b te rated r ctracted pwer rater ta b te mber cstmer aected. it s e-

pressed mber terrpts per ear ad calclated s te llw epress:

L


40/200


ASii =

Li

i

LT

CAIFI, r Cstmer Aerae iterrpt reqec ide, es te aerae mber l terrp-ts dr a e ear r tse cstmers tat eperece at least e l terrpt dr tat

ear. Le SAii, t s epressed terrpts per cstmer per ear. Te ale CAii s eqal t

e r larer. it s calclated s te llw epress:

CAii =

Ni

i

CN

wt Cn, te ttal mber cstmers tat ae epereced at least e terrpt dr te re-

prt ear.

CTAIDI, r Cstmer Ttal Aerae iterrpt Drat ide, es te ttal amt tme per ear

tat te sppl s terrpted r tse cstmers tat epereced at least e terrpt dr te

reprt ear. Le SAiDi, t s epressed mtes per cstmer per ear. it s calclated b s te

llw epress:

CTAiDi =

Ni

x ri

i

CN

ENS, r Eer nt Sppled, es te ttal amt eer tat wld ae bee sppled t te

terrpted cstmers tere wld t ae bee a terrpts. it s calclated b add te

-sppled eer de t eac cdet:

EnS = Ei

i

wt Ete eer t sppled de t eac cdet.

TIEPI, r eqalet terrpt tme related t te stalled capact, s sed Spa ad Prtalt qat te aerae tme dr wc te sppl t a cstmer s terrpted. TiEPi s calclated

b s te llw epress:

TiEPi =

Si

xri

i

ST

were Ss te sm te rat all terrpted Mv/Lv trasrmers pls te ctracted pwer

all terrpted Mv ad hv cstmers, ad ST

te ttal rat all Mv/Lv trasrmers pls te ttal

ctracted pwer all Mv ad hv cstmers cected t te sstem.

NIEPI, r eqalet mber terrpts related t te stalled capact, s sed Spa as a

alterate r SAii t qat te aerae mber sppl terrpts. niEPi s calclated s

te llw epress:

niEPi =

Si

i

ST

END, r Eer nt Dstrbted, s sed Prtal. it s calclated s te llw epress:

EnD = ETx TIEPI

T


41/200


T

wt ET

te ttal fw eer t te dstrbt etwr dr te reprt ear, ad T te

mber rs dr te reprt ear (8760 r 8784).

i ital, a ew metd r recrd the number o interruptions experienced by customer category

as bee trdced rm 2008. Eac dstrbt sstem peratr mst prde te data dcated

Table 2.5.

TABLE 2.5 DiSTRiBuTion o nuMBER o inTERRuPTionS oR inDiviDuALCuSToMERS uSED in iTALy RoM 2008

nmber l terrpts

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >9

n. Lv cstmers

n. Mv cstmers

nmber l + srt terrpts

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >9

n. Mv cstmers

Separate tables are reqred, per terrtral dstrct, r:

Lv cstmers ad Mv cstmers (separatel): nmber l plaed terrpts (all ltae

leels, ecld rce majere ad trd part damae).

Mv cstmers (l): nmber l ad srt plaed terrpts (all ltae leels, ecld-

rce majere ad trd part damae).

2.4.2 Indices or transmission systems

i addt t te dces meted te pres sect, te llw dces are sed t qat

te ctt sppl at trasmss leel.

AIT, r Aerae iterrpt Tme, s a measre r te amt tme tat te sppl s terrpted. it

s epressed mtes per ear ad calclated b s te llw epress:

AiT =

60 Ei

i

PT

were PT

s te aerae pwer sppled b te ttal sstem ( MW) ad Ei

te -sppled eer

( MW) r eac cdet.

AIF, r Aerae iterrpt reqec, s a measre r te mber tmes per ear tat te sppl s ter-

rpted. it s epressed terrpts per cstmer per ear ad calclated b s te llw epress:

Pi


42/200


Ai =

i

i

PT

wt P te pwer terrpted b eac cdet ( MW).

AID, r Aerae iterrpt Drat, s a measre r te aerae drat a terrpt. it s

epressed mtes per terrpt ad calclated b s te llw epress:

AiD =

60 Ei

i

P

i

SARI, r Sstem Aerae Restrat ide, s sed Prtal t qat te aerae drat a

terrpt. it s calclated separatel r te trasmss etwr csder te terrpt te

deler pts b s te llw epress:

SARi =

ri

i

NI

were NI s te ttal mber terrpts adri

s te drat eac terrpti.

END, s sed as a sm r EnS at trasmss leel Ltaa.

2.4.3 Indices or short interruptions

MAIFI, r Mmetar Aerae iterrpt reqec ide, es te aerae mber tmes per

ear tat te sppl t a cstmer s terrpted r a drat 3 mtes r less. Te term mme-

tar terrpt s sed nrt Amerca as a sm t srt terrpt. Te pper lmt te

drat a srt terrpt ares betwee deret ctres rm 1 mte tr 3 mtes.

Te epress r calclat MAii s te same as te e r calclat SAii:

MAii = Ni

i

NT

were te smmat s tae er all cdets reslt srt terrpts. Le SAii, MAii s

epressed mber terrpts per ear. Te dscss deret wet metds, e

bere, ca als be appled t MAii.

We calclat MAii, te s-called tme-areat rles are er mprtat. Mltple terrpts

dr a 3-mte perd, de t atmatc recls acts, ma be cted as e eet r MAii

r as mltple eets. Ts cce cld scatl mpact te ale MAii.

Te termsAIF, (Aerae iterrpt reqec), SI (Srt iterrpts) ad SAIFIk

(SAii srt) are

sed as sm r MAii.

MAIFItraset

s sed ital t epress te mber traset terrpts. it s deed te same wa as

MAii ad SAii, bt te smmat s l tae er tse cdets tat reslt traset terrpts.

SAIDIk, r SAiDi srt, SAIFI

kr SAii srt, CAIDI

k, r CAiDi srt, CTAIDI

k, r CTAiDi srt,

ad CAIFIk, r CAii srt are sed nrwa as te srt terrpt eqalets SAiDi, SAii,

CAiDi, CTAiDi ad CAii. Te dets are te same as te eqalets r l terrpts, bt

l l l


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te smmat l taes place er tse terrpts tat reslt srt terrpts.

2.4.4 Long interruptions

A erew te deret dces sed te deret ctres t qat te mber l ter-

rpts s e Table 2.6. Te dets te deret dces are e sect 2.4.1 r dstr-

bt sstems ad sect 2.4.2 r trasmss sstems. Te table als es rmat te

wet metd sed ad te rles sed r measr te drat terrpts ad mber

cstmers led. SAiDi ad SAii are te mst cmml-sed dces wt wets mst

ctres based te mber cstmers.

TABLE 2.6 inDiCES oR QuAnTiying Long inTERRuPTionS uSED inThE DiEREnT CounTRiES

Country Index Weighting (n.a. or ENS) Rules or measurements

Astra ASiDi, ASii, EnS iterrpted pwer, amt eer t sppled.

Te sstem peratrs arerespsble r cllect tedata. Te relatr s ld a plasblt cecater rece t. i practceSCADA s cmml sed.

Belm (Brssels re) SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi Mv: mber dstrbttrasrmers. Ampremet actr 0.85 ssed r trasrmer statswt a relatel lad.hv: amt eer tsppled.

All hv cstmers areeqpped wt atmatcmeter read.

Belm (lems re) SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi Mv: mber dstrbttrasrmers. Ampremet actr 0.85 ssed r trasrmer statswt a relatel lad.hv: amt eer tsppled.

All hv cstmers areeqpped wt atmatcmeter read.

Belm (Wall re) SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi nmber cstmers -

Belm (ederal) AiT, Ai, AiD iterrpted pwer SCADA s sed t determepe terrptdeces ad drat terrpts.

Czec Repblc SAiDi, SAii nmber cstmers -Demar SAiDi, SAii, EnS nmber cstmers

EnS cllected l rcdets abe 100 v

Te Relatrs de rmtr terrpts rdstrbt ad realtrasmss cmpaes(3rd edt, Marc 2008).

Esta SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi nmber deler pts. -

lad SAiDi(2) -

T-SAiDi, T-SAii Aal eer csmpt.


Country Index Weighting (n a or ENS) Rules or measurements


44/200



race SAii, EnS, AiT SAii: mber delerpts

EnS; AiT: terrpted pwer.

TSo: L crct-breaer pe ad cls,

restered b SCADA.DSo: Te terrptsrmat sstem scected wt te Mv ad Lvcstmers rmat sstem.

germa SAiDi, SAii Lv: mber cstmersMv, hv: mal pwer.

-

har SAiDi, SAii nmber cstmers At Mv ad hv; SCADAsld be sed. At Lv,estmat te mber

cstmers terrpted sallwed.

ital Dstrbt: SAiDi, SAii(3)

nmber terrpts persle Mv cstmerTrasmss: EnS, AiTSAiDi, SAii, (3)

nmber Lv cstmers.iddal dcatrs, twetednmber trasmssetwr sers (al larecstmers, dstrbtrs,eeratrs).

Cectt mdels arereqred r all cstmers (1)

Ltaa Dstrbt: SAiDi, SAii

Trasmss: EnS, AiT

nmber cstmers

EnS, AiT - terrpted pwer

At hv ad Mv SCADA sld

be sed.At Lv, estmat te mber cstmers terrpted sallwed.

Lembr SAiDi, SAii, EnS SAiDi, SAii: mber cstmersEnS: terrpted pwer

te neterlads SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi nmber cstmers

nrwa SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi, CTAiDi,CAii, EnS

SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi, CTAiDiad CAii are weted cstmers (ed-ser).EnS s calclated as a ttalale (4).

Stadardsed sstem rrestrat ad reprt(ASiT) (5) apples r allcmpaes. Te etwrcmpaes w eactl wma cstmers (ed-sers)are sppled rm a reprtpt (wc s eter adstrbt trasrmer r aed-ser cected abe1 v).

Plad SAiDi, SAii nmber cstmers -Prtal Trasmss: EnS, AiT,SAii, SAiDi, SARi

SAii, SAiDi: mber deler pts.EnS, AiT: terrpted pwer.

Mv, hv, Ehv: SCADA sldbe sed.Lv: rmat s aalable cstmer cectt, btwtt pase rmat.r sle-pase adtw-pase terrptste mber cstmersterrpted s estmated.




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Mv: EnD, TiEPi, SAiDi, SAii SAiDi, SAii: mber cstmers

EnD, TiEPi: terrpted pwer.Lv: SAiDi, SAii nmber cstmers Lv: rmat s aalable

cstmer cectt, btwtt pase rmat.r sle-pase adtw-pase terrptste mber cstmersterrpted s estmated.

Rmaa Dstrbt: SAiDi, SAii,EnS, AiT

Trasmss: EnS, AiT

nmber cstmers -

Slea SAiDi, SAii nmber cstmers Cectt mdels adSCADA

Spa TiEPi, niEPi Capact te Mv/Lvtrasrmers pls ctractedpwer Mv cstmers.

Cectt mdels arereqred r all cstmers.

Swede Dstrbt: SAiDi, SAiiTrasmss: EnS, AiT

nmber cstmers -

uted kdm Ci, CML nmber cstmers Cectt mdels arereqred r all cstmers.

(1) r ital, start rm 2000 ad tl 2007 a estmat metd was permtted r Lv cstmers:a) r terrpts wt r Trasmss, hv ad Mv etwr: mber Lv sers aected = mber Mv/Lv

trasrmers aected mltpled b te aerae mber Lv sers per Mv/Lv trasrmer (calclated at mcpaltleel, ta acct deret dest areas);

b) r terrpts wt r te Lv etwr: mber Lv sers aected = mber Lv les aected mltpled bte aerae mbers Lv sers per Lv le (calclated at mcpalt leel, ta acct deret areas).

Start rm 2008, dstrbt cmpaes are bled t recrd te actal mber (ad te lst) Lv cstmers led eac l terrpt. i rder t meet ts blat, te are allwed t se rmat sstems (e.. SCADA adgiS) r smart meters ad Atmated Meter Maaemet AMM sstems. As rm 2000, dstrbt cmpaes mstrecrd te actal mber (ad te lst) hv ad Mv cstmers led eac terrpt (l, srt ad traset).

(2) i lad, r Lv cdets l te ttal mber te epected terrpts s cllected ad tere s wet metd sed.(3) i ital, eer dstrbt cmpa reprts te mber l plaed terrpts dr te reprt ear r eac

Mv cstmer. rm 2008, dstrbts mber terrpts wll be reprted ital, see sect 2.4.5 r detals.rm 2008 te dstrbt sstem peratrs are bled t recrd r eac l plaed terrpt te mber adte lst all lw-ltae cstmers led.

(4) i nrwa, Eer t sppled s calclated separate r 27 deret ed-ser rps. i te statstcs EnS s e as attal ale ad per eer sppled, per ed-ser rp, per ed-ser, per ltae leel cdets ccr, per etwrleel cstmers are cected at, etc.

(5) i nrwa, a stadardsed sstem r restrat ad reprt alts ad terrpts called ASiT s sed. it taest acct rmat abt te etwr tpl (niS), cstmer rmat sstem (CiS), crct breaer perats(e.. rm SCADA), lad measremets ad temperatre data.

2.4.5 Short and transient interruptions

A mber ctres tat repled t te qestare ater data srt ad traset terrpts. i-

rmat te dces r srt ad traset terrpts sed tese ctres s smmarsed Table

2.7. Dets te ars dces are e sect 2.4.3. Te mber srt terrpts per ear

(MAii) s sed all ctres, wt te ecept Belm (lems re), bt der deret ames.

Sme ctres e separate dces r srt ad traset terrpts, ters eclde traset ter-

rpts; ad sme e e de cer srt ad traset terrpts. i Belm (lems re),

srt terrpts are l clded te statstcs we te reslt cmplats rm cstmers.


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Mst ctres se te SCADA sstem t measre srt ad traset terrpts. Lcal sbstat

l ad cter reads recls relas are als sed.

n rmat was reqested areat rles sed r ct l ad srt terrpts. i

a parallel std, t reprted ts dcmet, lare dereces betwee Erpea ctres were b-

sered. r srt terrpts partclar ts wll reslt scatl deret ales r te mber

terrpts per cstmer.

TABLE 2.7 MoniToRing AnD inDiCES oR ShoRT AnD TRAnSiEnTinTERRuPTionS in ThE DiEREnT CounTRiES

Country Index Duration o short interruptions Measurement method

Belm (lems re) nmber cmplats. T3 m -

Belm (ederal) Ai T


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( p p ) p

tomers are informed in advance, t allw te eect scedled wrs te dstrbt sstem.

Mst ctres se ts det: adace tcat s scet r a terrpt t be classed

as a plaed terrpt. Sme mre detaled descrpts are sed Plad, Belm (Brssels Re- ad lems Re) ad Prtal.

i Belm (Brssels ad lems Res), te sstem peratr as te rt, ater cslt te

cstmer, t terrpt te access t te Lv, Mv, r hv rd te secrt, te relablt r te e-

cec te rd r te cect reqres ts.

i te Czec Repblc, a plaed terrpt s deed as a terrpt ecessar r plaed

perat, mateace, recstrct, res, repar r eacemets t te trasmss r

dstrbt etwrs.

i Ltaa, a plaed terrpt s deed as a terrpt were te cstmer was rmed

tme ad a maer deed leal acts r te areemet.

i Prtal, tree reass r plaed terrpts are dstsed: terrpts r reass pb-

lc terest; terrpts r serce reass; ad terrpts r wc te cstmer s respsble.

Wereas tere s eeral areemet te det a plaed terrpt; te reqremet r ad-

ace tce ares strl betwee ctres. Te reqremets are smmarsed Table 2.8. Sme

ctres (Swede ad lad) ae t ssed a rles. r te ter ctres, te adace tce

reqremet ares betwee 24 rs ad te 15t da te pres mt.

Deret dces tat are sed rder t calclate te reqec r drat epereced b te cs-

tmers de t plaed terrpts are reprted Table 2.9. i Belm (ederal), plaed terrp-

ts are t mtred sce te are er cmm (mal becase all etwrs are mesed).

TABLE 2.8 REQuiREMEnTS on ADvAnCE noTiCE oR PLAnnED inTERRuPTionS

Country Advance notice required

Astra 48 rs

Belm (Brssels re) Ecept case emerec, te sstem peratr rms hv ad Mv cstmers at least 5 wrdas adace te start ad drat te terrpt. o te Lv rd, te perd r acte terrpt s 2 das. A ecept s made r plaed terrpts last less ta 15 mtes.

Belm (lems re) Mv, hv: 5 wr das, ecept case emerec / Lv: 2 wr das, ecept case emerec.

Belm (Wall re) TRDE art 142 ad 143.

Czec Repblc 15 das

Demar At least 48 rs tce. ntce b letter/b pster r b SMS/e-mal te cstmer as acceptedelectrc tce. ntce rs/mtes bere te terrpt s accepted, te tce s e pers (ace-t-ace).

Esta r ltae leels p t 110 v, te sstem peratr mst rm te cstmer at least 7 dasbere te start te terrpt. Cstmers cected at leels abe 110 v sld bermed wrt latest b te 15t da te mt preced te start te terrpt.

lad n rles ssed b te relatr.

TABLE 2.8 REQuiREMEnTS on ADvAnCE noTiCE oR PLAnnED inTERRuPTionS

Country Advance notice required


48/200


race Rles are clded te ctractal cmmtmets r te TSo. r Mv cstmers, te DSo mstaree a date r te plaed terrpt at least 10 das bere te terrpt (ecept case emerec).

germa n rles ssed b te relatr.

har a) Cstmers less ta 200 vA pwer mst be rmed 15 das bere te plaed terrptaccrd t te lcal practce, e.. leafet.

b) Cstmers abe 200 vA pwer mst be rmed 30 das bere te plaed terrpt apersal letter tere s ter areemet betwee te partes.

ital 24 rs tl 2007: rm 2008: 24 rs case plaed terrpts llw a alt; 2wr das ter cases.

Ltaa 10 das. A srter perd s allwed we ts as bee areed wt te cstmer.

Lembr it s resee b law tat cstmers are rmed as earl as pssble b a apprprate meas

te date ad tme r a plaed terrpt.Te detals te prcedre ma be ed b te relatr ater a pblc csltat.

nrwa Te rd cmpaes sall rm te aected rd cstmers abt te tm ad drat terrpts a reasable amt tme prr t te wr cmmec. Te rmat sall beprded a apprprate maer.

Plad Te relatr as ssed rles wt respect t te tce t te cstmers.

Prtal iterrpts r reass pblc terest: 36 rs. iterrpts r serce reass: Aree te bestmmet wt te aected cstmers. i areemet s t pssble, te terrpts mst ccr,preerabl, Sdas, betwee 05:00 rs ad 15:00 rs, wt a mamm drat 8 rs

per terrpt ad 5 Sdas per ear, per cstmer aected. Te sstem peratr mst rm tecstmers aected wt a mmm adace tce 36 rs. iterrpts r wc te cstmers respsble: 8 das. i te cstmer stallat cases dstrbaces t te etwr, te peratrestablses, accrdace wt te cstmer, a tme perd r sl te prblem.

Rmaa Te adace tce sld rmall be e 15 das adace. i crtcal cdts, bt wete start a terrpt ca be delaed, at least 24 rs tce s reqred.

Slea Te cstmer mst be rmed, s wrtte rm r a ter stable rm, a tmel maer.i te terrpt wll aect a reater mber cstmers, te cstmers mst be rmed bpblc tcat at least 48 rs bere te start te terrpt.

Spa 24 rs.

Swede Accrd t law, a reasable amt pre-tce s eeded. n rter rles are ssed b terelatr.

uted kdm 48 rs. A srter adace perd s allwed we ts as bee areed wt te cstmer.

TABLE 2.9 MoniToRing AnD inDiCES oR PLAnnED inTERRuPTionSin ThE DiEREnT CounTRiES

Country Voltage levels Indices Details

Astra Mv ad hv ASiDi, ASii ad EnS

Belm (Brssels re) Mv SAiDi ad SAii

Belm (lems re) Mv CAiDi ad SAii

Belm (Wall re) Mv ad Lv reqec ad drat Estmates reqec addrat are aalable perdeler pt

Belm (ederal) All (36 v ad p) Data s aalable per delerpt.

TABLE 2.9 MoniToRing AnD inDiCES oR PLAnnED inTERRuPTionSin ThE DiEREnT CounTRiES

Country Voltage levels Indices Details


49/200


Demar All SAiDi ad SAii pls EnS(>100 v)

Esta Lv, Mv, hv Dratlad Mv, hv, T Mv T-SAii, Mv T-SAiDi hv ad Trasmss mber

terrpts ad terrpttme r cect pt rderet ltae leels

race All reqec ad drat

germa All SAiDi ad SAii

har Lv, Mv, hv SAiDi ad SAii

ital All SAiDi ad SAii r eac te 300 dstrcts

Ltaa Lv, Mv SAiDi ad SAiiLembr

nrwa icdets abe 1 v,cstmers at all ltae leels

SAiDi, SAii, CAiDi, CTAiDi,CAii, EnS, terrpted pwer

Plad

Prtal All

Rmaa Lv, Mv, hv SAiDi, SAii Te data wll be aalable rm2009

Slea Mv SAiDi ad SAii

Spa All TiEPi, niEPiSwede Lv cstmers, cdets at all

ltae leels

uted kdm All reqec ad drat

2.4.7 Discussion o the dierent indicators

rm te tables sw abe, t becmes clear tat a rae dcatrs s se deret ctres.

Te se mltple dcatrs t qat te ctt sppl reslts mre rmat be

aalable ad mre pssbltes t bsere treds. Te nrwea relatr ses SAii, SAiDi, CAiDi,CTAiDi, CAii ad EnS r ts prpse. Te itala relatr wll, rm 2008, reqre rmat te

mber Lv cstmers eperec mbers terrpts (.e., te dstrbt te terrpt

reqec r ddal cstmers); sce 2006, ddal dcatrs te mber terrpt

epereced are mtred ad related wt arateed stadards r Mv cstmers.

SAii ad SAiDi are te basc dces, reprted almst all ctres, albet der deret ames ad

wt deret metds r wet te terrpts. Te metd wet mpacts te reslts

ad reslts deret bases twards deret tpes cstmers. We wet s based te

mber cstmers, eac cstmer s treated eqall, depedet ts sze ad depedet

ter csmpt leels.

We wet s based terrpted pwer r eer t sppled, a terrpt ets a er

wet we te ttal terrpted pwer s er. Ts mt be becase larer cstmers are ter-

rpted r becase te terrpt taes place dr a perd er csmpt. Wet based

ctracted pwer, rated pwer r aal pwer csmpt maes te ctrbt a cdet

dr lad te same as a cdet dr lw lad.

A wet based pwer r eer s based twards larer cstmers. As larer cstmers

tpcall ser ewer ad srter terrpts, ts s epected t reslt smewat lwer ales r

reqec ad drat terrpts ta wet based mber cstmers.

W b d b d b b d d d


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Wet based mber dstrbt trasrmers s based twards cstmers sered rm

smaller dstrbt trasrmers. As smaller trasrmers are tpcall sed rral etwrs, were

te mber terrpts s er, wet based te mber dstrbt trasrmers sepected t reslt smewat er ales r reqec ad drat terrpts ta wet-

based mber cstmers.

idces le EnS r EnD e a smewat better dcat te cseqeces a terrpt ta

SAii r SAiDi. it sld be ept md, weer, tat te derl assmpts are a etreme sm-

plcat te actal cseqeces terrpts. it s t pssble t eactl measre te eer

t sppled, as tere s eer csmpt dr te terrpts.

Tere are seeral metds t estmate te amt -sppled eer; e ma mltpl te actepwer jst bere te terrpt wt te drat te terrpt; alteratel e ma estmate

te -sppled eer rm te csmpt at te same tme 1 da r 1 wee bere te terrp-

t. A accrate estmate te eer t sppled s made nrwa: 11 deret stadardsed lad

prles ae bee establsed r deret cstmer cateres t be sed r ed-sers cected t

22 v r less. netwr cmpaes are bled t ae establsed ddal lad prles r ed-sers

cected at 33 v r abe. Stadardsed lad prles are deelped tr researc prjects,

wle ddal lad prles are based p rl-metered ales eer sppled er a perd

mre ta 1 ear. Te calclat als ses te amt eer sppled dr te pres ear tcrrectl adjst te stadardsed r ddal lad prle r a e ear, ad als taes t acct

measred temperatre data te tme te terrpt.

i Prtal, EnS s estmated s te ale te lad daram bere te terrpt. r terrp-

ts ler ta 30 mtes, t ses te lad daram te deler pt r a aals da. Te

EnS s estmated we a cdet te trasmss etwr cases a terrpt r e r mre

cstmers. Te EnS pblsed s determed ta acct te perd tme betwee te be-

te terrpt ad te trasmss etwr cect (EnS1). Te TSo als taes te last

perd t acct, pls te tme tat te dstrbt etwr eeds t cect te clets. Ts tme

s establsed b te trasmss etwr ad te dstrbt etwr r eac deler pt.

it sld rter be ted tat te ale EnS depeds te aal eer csmpt ad cat

be sed r cmpars prpses we csder te actal ale MW. hweer, b calclat-

te eer t sppled relate t te eer sppled, a cmpars ca be made e tat te

eer t sppled as bee calclated s te same metd.

Tw te dces sed nrwa, CAii ad CTAiDi, e a better mpress te ctt sppl as epereced b tse cstmers tat actall eperece at least e terrpt. Te d-

erece ale betwee SAii ad CAii, ad betwee SAiDi ad CTAiDi, e a mpress te

spread mber terrpts betwee deret cstmers. Te dstrbt mber terrp-

ts epereced b eac ddal cstmer es ts rmat a mre drect wa, bt reslts

mre dcatrs, ma cmparss ad tred aalss mre cmplcated.

2.5 Aalss

As ca be see rm Table 2.6, deret ctres se deret dcatrs ad deret wet met-

ds. i ts sect, te ales te mst mprtat dcatrs are cmpared er a mber ears.


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Ee t deret ctres se deret ames ad deret calclat metds, te reslts are

sw te same darams.

Te llw tw rps dcatrs are preseted: minutes lost per year (SAiDi, CML, ASiDi,

T-SAiDi r TiEPi) ad number of interruptions per year (SAii, Ci, ASii, T-SAii r niEPi). We ter-

pret te reslts ad especall we cmpar betwee ctres, te dereces cal

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EU Benchmarking Report on Reliability 2008