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Etymology for the Name Dyaus(concept)
jwr47
In west-European languages the etymology of words seems to follow a common philosophy, whichhas not been analyzed till today.
Strange patterns hae been obsered in the ego-pronouns, which seem to be deried from the s!y-correlating god"s name. #or instance the $roencal ego-pronoun %ieu& seems to be related to thediine name %'ieu&, which had been deried from %'yaus&.
In the concept for the (istory of the Ego-pronouns" Etymology a s!etch for the design of the s!y-god"s name 'yaus may start with a series of owels, which obiously concentrates on 'yaus" core%yau&.
)he triad %I-*-+& had been the archaic owel core for many words, which needed to be etendedfor other languages such as *!!adian %I-*-E-+&, atin %I-*-E--+& and /ree! %I*E(01&, inwhich the %I& has been located at the beginning for its dominant character. *lthough een earlyalphabets used the owel %E& it symbolically may hae been e2uialent to %I&. Symbolically allowel sets may be reduced to I-*-+. )he %0& is a special case, which may need some further analysis.
)his paper concentrates on the owel-core %yau& and its relations to other releant symbols.
Fig. 1: The Old Persian ego-pronoun.
(The word separator is in purple.)
From: Ancient Scripts: Old Persian
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Dyaus' Vowel-Core YAU
)he three-letter owel core %yau& of the name for the $IE-god 'yaus belongs to an early phase for the ego-pronouns" etymology. *t that eolutionary phase alphabet merely contained a set of threeowels 0, * and +.
#rom udwig S3tterlin
we !now the three owels *, I, + 5or to be more precise *, I, 16 had been belieed to be the original owels. ater they had been to be etended by E and to form theoman *EI+ owel-group. In the oman alphabet the E had been inserted between * and I,whereas the the had been inserted between I and +. )he cuneiform *!!adian alphabet used 4owels8 *, E, I, +9.
Greek Vowels
In /ree! the owels een epanded to alphabetically ordered *E(I01 occasionally re-arrangedas :;1<=>?@. )he reason why so many diine names such as :;1, :;1<=>?, :;1<=>? startwith the same string :;1 is the sacredness of the first triad :;14.
/ree! initially too! oer all of the 99 letters of $hoenician. #ie of them werereassigned to denote owel sounds8 the glide consonants AjA 5 yodh6 and AwA 5waw6 wereused for BiC 5:, iota6 and BuC 5=, upsilon6 respectielyD the glottal stop consonant AA5aleph6 was used for BaC 5;, alpha6D the pharyngeal AFA 5!ayin6 was turned into BoC 5<,omicron6D and the letter for AhA 5he6 was turned into BeC 5?, epsilon6. * doublet of wawwas also borrowed as a consonant for BwC 5G, digamma6. In addition, the $hoenicianletter for the emphatic glottal AHA 5heth6 was borrowed in two different functions bydifferent dialects of /ree!8 as a letter for AhA 5>, heta6 by those dialects that had such asound, and as an additional owel letter for the long AJA 5>, eta6 by those dialects thatlac!ed the consonant. Eentually, a seenth owel letter for the long AKJA 51, omega6
was introduced
L
.
The Greek alphabet's structure
In /ree! the alphabet has been designed for more or less symmetrical distribution of the owelsM. Inits classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 94 letters, ordered from alpha to omega8
Α Β Γ Δ Ε ! " Η # $ % & ' * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 9 @ 4 L M 7 N O P 9 @ 4 L M 7 N O 9P 9 99 9@ 94
*lpha 5*6 is the first letter of the /ree! alphabet. Iota 5:, :QR6 is the ninth letter of the /ree! alphabet. mega 516 is the 94th and last letter of the /ree! alphabet.
'ie 'eutsche Sprache der /egenwart - udwig S3tterlin , 'ocumenta inguistica - /eorg lms Terlag 9 Uotes to the Vuneiform ld-$ersian Scripture@ %In the Wewish-Egyptian magic-papyri it appears as "#$%&'.& 5source8 U*XES # /' - WewishEncyclopedia64 )he Seen )emples of (arran - Eplaining the owel symbols in :;1
Vhaldean planets8 Xoon Y *, Xercury Y E, Tenus Y (, Sun Y I, Xars Y , Wupiter Y +A0 en Saturn Y 1.:;1, I*10 and :;1<=>? start with :;1.L /ree! alphabetM *rchaic /ree! alphabets Z ong and neutral owels are yellowD Short owels are blue. *rchaic letter are gray.
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6o7h
0odh 5also spelled 0ud, 0od, Wod, or Wodh6 is the tenth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including$hoenician. In Vlassical /ree! , the letter 5 was called 5[6, whereas the omicron was called ou
5\]6. 0ud is a mater lectionis, li!e *leph, (e, and Ta.
)wo 0uds in a row designate the name of /od *donai. 0ud is a mater lectionis, li!e *leph, (e, andTa. *s 0ud is the smallest letter, much !abbalistic and mystical significance is attached to it7.
)he $hoenician letter gae rise to the /ree! Iota 5:6, atin I, W, Vyrillic ^, _, Voptic iauda and/othic eis.
Symbolically the ery name 8au7a of the Voptic e2uialent letter for 0od also includes the root 8au just as the 6u7 also includes 9:.
;ong an7 <hort Vowels
Some alphabets used different characters for long owels, such as the /ree! system8
*ncient /ree! also had distinct owel signs, but only for some long owelsD the owelletters ' 5eta6 and $ 5omega6 originally represented long forms of the owelsrepresented by the letters 5epsilon6 and % 5omicron - literally `small o`, by contrastwith omega or `large o`6. )he other owel letters of *ncient /ree!, # 5alpha6, * 5iota6and & 5upsilon6, could represent either short or long owel phonesN.
)he atin alphabet used the same fie characters 5*-E-I--+6 for long BaJ eJ iJ oJ uJC and short Ba e io uC owels, mar!ing four long owels 5* E +6 with an ape 5 T6 and the primary specialfifth 50od6 by a special character, the long i-owel8
;ong 8, transcribes a long i-owel AiJA in⟨ atin. It stands in for the ape used on other thelong owels8 ⟨ T AaJ eJ oJ uJA. *n eample is⟩ kkꟾ ꟾ, which in modernrendition would be l+ci, a ili, , with a macron rather than ape to indicate owel length.
)his special mar!er may indicate a special position for the 0od, which in the alphabets preferably is positioned in a central location8
• Α=915 in the long owel setup
• respectiely ΑE=9>15 for an all owels configuration• and in atin ?@ AB Cꟾ
*s a remar!able obseration we may identify as the /ree! epression for always, eermore,foreer and Qq 5atin8 aeon6 as aeon, eon %the current worldP&.
7 0odhN Towel length - Uotations in other writing systems O Eternity - a $re-)hales-oot for estern $hilosophy - +ploaded POA@PA4P Qq
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EFamples for the symol8sm of the Howel IEJ
)he owel E has been documented in arious locations8
• In the E aboe the entrance of the *pollo-temple in 'elphi
• In the letter E at the 'elphic omphalos9
• In the letter E in %eus&• In the letter E in %'eus&• in the letter E in the #rench ego-pronoun %We& and in the $roencal ego-pronoun %ieu&
EHe K LMHa
)he symbolism of the %E& seemed to hae been included in the letter %i&. )his thesis may be proed by the cuneiform `syllabary&8
• Wa - present actie particleD nominatie singular masculine jia- "liing" -- P.9@M,P.@PN
• jv - nounD nominatie singular feminine jv- "life" -- 7.9@M
Ee or to be more precise %Wa& 5in old-$ersian cuneiform8 %life&6 consisted of a 0od and aconcatenated set of I-+-*. )he symbolism of modern, newly created owels such as 0, E, and (had to be coered by the archaic owels. )he e2uialence of 0 I, E I, + and ( *reduced symbolism by collapsing %eus& to %ius& and %'eus& to %'ius& or in modern Spanish%'ios& %'ius&.
EHe K Ia l8H8ng e8ngJ
)he old-$ersian %Wa& 5%life&6 at least correlates to `a liing being,` from base hawa `he lied`Ee
fem. proper name, iblical first woman, ate atin, from (ebrew (awwah, literally `aliing being,` from base hawa `he lied` 5compare *rabic hayya, *ramaic hayyin6.
E - of the E-symbol Engraen er the /ate of *pollos )emple at 'elphi 9 )he E-Inscription at the mphalos of 'elphi Z reported in `eus` by *rthur ernard Voo! 5O9L6
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Planetary restrictions
)he planetary model had to be adjusted to the !nowledge at the time and was to be adapted fromtime to time, depending on new discoeries in the planetary system.
/enerally aboe the moon"s leel the planetary objects according to *ristotle had been considered
as gods. )his idea may hae been settled at early ages.)he stars and planets were carried around the Earth on spheres or circles, arranged in the order 5outwards from the center68 Xoon, Sun, Tenus, Xercury, Xars, Wupiter , Saturn, fied stars, with thefied stars located on the celestial sphere@. If this se2uence were to be mapped on the owels wewould hae8 Xoon Y *, Sun Y E, Tenus Y (, Xercury Y I, Xars Y , Wupiter Y +A0, Saturn Y 1.
he Otolema8c or7er
)he $tolemaic order of spheres from Earth outward is8 Xoon, Xercury, Tenus, Sun, Xars, Wupiter ,Saturn, #ied Stars and the Primum o/ile 5%#irst Xoed&6. )he $tolemaic order follows thealphabetic order PE=9>65 in Xoon Y *, Xercury Y E, Tenus Y (, Sun Y I, Xars Y , Wupiter Y+A0 en Saturn Y 1, in which the Xoon 5*6, Tenus 5(6, Xars 56, Wupiter 5+A06 and Saturn 516remain unaltered. )he planet"s names had been chosen to name the days of the wee! 8 Sunday 5Sun -I6, Xonday 5Xoon - *6, )uesday 5Xars - 6, ednesday 5Xercury - E6, )hursday 5Wupiter - +A06,#riday 5Tenus - (6, Saturday 5Saturn Z 164, resulting in I-*--E-0-(-1.
oth systems are different in their ordering se2uence for Xercury and Tenus. Xercury and Tenusare isible only in twilight hours as their orbits are interior to the Earth"s orbit. )he third brightestobject in the s!y, Tenus is the most prominent planet. Xercury is more difficult to see due to its
proimity to the SunL.
8maeus
*ccording to $lato"s )imaeus Z the orrery $Α5*1"Ε 5WehoaM6 included a L-%swiftness&-system9P5>6, represented by the fie basic owels 9Q PQ 5Q >Q 6.
oth inner planets 5Xercury and Tenus, owels E respectiely =6 are additional elements, whichdidn"t play a substantial role in the fundamental laws of harmony, because their planetary periodseemed to be more or less synchronous to the earth"s oscillation period. )herefore Xercury5(ermes6 x Tenus 5*phrodite6 occupy illegal positions in the pedigree Saturn 5ronos6 - 1 Wupiter 5eus6 - +A0 Xars 5*res6 - .
)he Sun, the Xoon, Saturn 5ronos6, Wupiter 5eus6, Xars 5*res6 were represented by $Α56>,which initially Z before the birth of eus - originated as the )rigrammaton $Α5RS representing the
archaic triad Sun, the Xoon and Saturn. Xars had been considered as a child of Wupiter and agrandchild of Saturn.
Etensions probably had been necessary by the discoery of new planets. Each owel belonged to a planet and each newly discoered planet re2uired the inention of a new owel to !eep thehistorical concept alie.
@ /eocentric model
4 days of the wee! L na!ed eye planets M %In the Wewish-Egyptian magic-papyri it appears as "#$%&'.& 5source8 U*XES # /' - WewishEncyclopedia67 Some Uotes to Sabian $hilosophy and )imaeus
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$Α5 8n Gnost8cs (TU WE)
In the system of the /nostics mentioned by Epiphanius 5@L Z 4P@6we find, as the Seen *rchons,in which :;1 is leading the list of names. :;1 is also leading the inscriptions list for PrasaF8Iao 0 Eloai 0 *donai 0 Sabaoth 0 ichael0 a/riel0 2riel0 Onoel0 Ananoel0 3aphael0 4aplael , and manyothers.
)he name :;1, to which {;|;1} is sometimes added, is found with this figure eenmore fre2uently than ;|~;{;•, and they are often combined. eside an *brasafigure the following, for instance, is found8 I*1 *$*{*• *€1U ;;, `Iao *brasa,thou art the ord`.XSY ith the *brasa-shield are also found the diine names SabaothIao, Iao *brasa, *donai *brasa, etc.XZY N
he [oon
)he planet cult of (arran 5oman8 Varrhae6 and Edessa 5+rfa, and today8 ‚anlƒurfa6 is based onworshiping the sun 5named %Il&6, moon 5named %Sin&6, and fie other isibleO %planets&.
Some of the Sabian formulas sound familiar to us8
)he Sun is also referred to as *dunay 5*donai6, which means %lord.&9P.
Sin"s temple was rebuilt by seeral !ings, in the 7th and the Mth century VE. (erodian9 5i. @, @6mentions the town 5named 5arrhae6 as possessing in his day a temple of the moon8
%Uot long after they made this agreement, it happened that Varacalla, who was spendingthe time at Carrhae in Xesopotamia, conceied a desire to leae the imperial 2uartersand isit the Temple of the Moon, for Selene is the goddess99 whom the naties
particularly adore. )he temple was located some distance from Varrhae, and the journey
was a long one.&
)herefore the first character %*& of the archaic alphabet may hae to be assigned to the mostimportant planet %moon&. ater the sun 5symbolized by %I&6 became the most prominent planet andat that time the %I& may hae been relocated at the beginning of the %philosophically& re-orderedowel"s list $Α5*1"Ε 5 Wehoa9@6 instead of the former $tolemaic alphabetical order PE=9>65 for Xoon 5*6, Xercury 5E6, Tenus 5(6, Sun 5I6, Xars 56, Wupiter 5+A06 en Saturn 516.
In any system the owel triad 9 5the sun6, P 5the moon6 and 5 5Saturn6 hae been archaic triads inall owel systems and planetary orders. *ll of the minor readjustments may hae been temporarilyinfluential but somehow lost their impact. )he owels *1"Ε remained additional objects.
In /erman language the moon is a male and the sun is a female element, whereas Xediterraneanlanguages define the moon as a female and the sun as a male element.
N *braasO na!ed eye planets
9P )he Planetary ee! in Xesopotamia - 4 *ngel"s $ublications - Eberhard Schrader9 5c. 7P Z c. 94P VE699 In contrast to Selene the deity Sin cannot be considered as a female deity.9@ %In the Wewish-Egyptian magic-papyri it appears as "#$%&'.& 5source8 U*XES # /' - WewishEncyclopedia6
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Da8us (\ Deus) an7 D8aus (\ Dyaus)
Uow if the sun and the moon echanged their symbolic positions in the archaic )riad I-*-1 weshould also switch positions inside the s!y-god"s name 'yaus.
riginally with the moon as the principal deity the core string had to be *-I-1 implemented in de
deity Da8us94
, whereas for the sun as the principal deity the core-string had to be I-*-1, resulting ina diine name D8aus.
In this model 'aius may hae deeloped to Deus, whereas 'iaus eoled to Dyaus.
94 In this construct the letter 1 will be interpreted as +
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The archaic Triad IAΩ / IAU
'yaus started with the subset 0*+ and for this reason the original I, *, +-subset for the omanalphabet seemed to be correct. In /ree! I*1 also is one of the translations for 0((, whichsuggests a symbolic e2uialence between + and 1.
Demetr8us of Ohalerum (c ]^ _WE ` c Z _WE)
)he symbolism of a series of owel may be understood by 'emetrius of $halerum who 5as theattributed author6 is said to hae documented9L8
In Egypt the priests, when singing hymns in praise of the gods, employ the seen owels,which they utter in due succession D and the sound of these letters is so euphonious that menlisten to it in preference to flute and lyre. 9M
*nd to follow 'emetrius the original hymn may hae started with three owels, which had to be
sung euphoniously in due succession. )he due succession is well !nown as :-;-1, because the %I&had been the leading and initial character in philosophy. )he %I& had to be followed by the *lphaand 1 as the beginning respectiely end of the alphabet.
)he I*1- respectiely I*+-concept also may be confirmed by the assignment of the planets sun tothe letter %I&, the moon to the letter %*&, Xars to %&, Wupiter to %+& and Saturn to the letter %1&.
f course this is ancient philosophy, but the se2uence of discoering new planets may correlate tothe introduction of the owels. )he most obious %planets& to be found at the s!y are the sun andthe moon, which had been assigned to the %I& and the %*&.
)hese eplanations for the owels only had been recorded in written documentation, which had
been enriched with reliable owel information.
he letter 6 as <onus [e78us
)he first owel %0& inside %'yaus& may need some eplanations.
* owel %similar to the /ree! letter 0& belonged to the Vlaudian letters, which had been designed by the oman Emperor Vlaudius 5reigned 4ZL46. Vlaudius as a censor introduced three new Z described as greatly needed - letters to the atin alphabet. )hese letters were used to a small etenton public inscriptions dating from Vlaudius" reign, but their use was abandoned after his death.
9L )he wor! On Style 5„…† ‡…ˆ‰qŠ6 which has come down under his name, is the wor! of a later writer, c. 9ndcentury *'. - 'emetrius of $halerum
9M )he Towels" Symbolism in *rchaic (ymns - Uotes to the owels in 'e Elocutione of 'emetrius
#ig. 98 Vuneiform Towels *, I, +#rom8 *ncient Scripts8 ld $ersian
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)acitus eplains978
esides this he BVlaudiusC inented three new letters and added them to the alphabet,maintaining that they were greatly neededD he published a boo! on their theory when hewas still in priate life, and when he became emperor had no difficulty in bringing abouttheir general use. )hese characters may still be seen in numerous boo!s, in the BstateCregisters, and in inscriptions on public buildings.
+nfortunately Vlaudius" boo! may hae been lost or slumbers in one of the secret and sacredarchies...
efore Vlaudius" efforts the /ree! character %0& already had been !nown as a sonus medius, ashort owel in the symbolical center of I and +, ranging from %I& to %+&. )he sonus medius was8
a short owel sound 5li!ely B‹C or BŒC6 used before labial consonants in atin words suchas optumusAoptimus. )he letter was later used as a ariant of y in inscriptions for short/ree! upsilon 5as in Olympicus6. It disappeared because the sonus medius itself disappeared from spo!en language9N.
)herefore symbolically some of the 0-letters may hae be considered as a I+-abbreiation. *nd incase the I had been a male and the + a female symbol the 0 had to be considered as an androgynoussymbol, which no other singular character had been fulfilling up till Vlaudius felt his duty tosuggest the introduction of the as a sonus medius.
)he special owel structure of an I+-structure also allowed to condense two owels 5I and +6 insideone symbol 0.
EFamples for the symol8sm of the Howel I6J
Some eamples of 0-usage hae been reported in history8
• ycliffe used the 6 as an ego-pronoun in his early ible-publication9O8
9O *nd /od seide, oŽ 6 haue youe to you ech eerbe berynge seed on erthe, and alletrees that han in hem silf the seed of her !ynde, that tho be in to mete to youD
• 'yaus $ita - literally `S!y #ather ̀ , the ancient s!y god of Tedic pantheon and father of+shas 5'awn6, atri 5night6 and the chief deities.
• )he initial letter in the Spanish ego-pronoun %6o&.• )he initial letter in the 6ahoo@P as a human specimen in Wonathan Swift"s /ullier"s )raels• )he initial letter in 6(( 5)etragrammaton6.
ften the 0 or I hae been applied as initials for names or elements. In analogy to the %E& thesymbolism of the %0& howeer seemed to hae been included in the letter %i&.
97 Vlaudian letters8 or A 5Ↄ Ↄ antisigma6 , , a turned # orℲ digamma 5digamma in6ersum6 to represent consonantal +
5BwCA6 and the , a half (, probably the so-called sonus medius9N Vlaudian letters9O ible 5ycliffe6A/enesis Z i!isource - Vhapter @P )he 0ahoos are human beings in their base form 5from8 $art IT8 * Toyage to the Vountry of the (ouyhnhnms6
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Anomalies for !o-"ronouns in remote or inaccessi#le territories
he egobpronoun P7am (Wune8formQ ^^ _WE to U _WE)
#or its name the old-$ersian ego-pronoun ‘adam@% may hae been lin!ed to the creation legend.(oweer I also chec!ed the accusatie and the %you&-pronoun8
• *dam - personal pronounD nominatie singular adam "I" @9 - referenced in a great number of Old Persian tets in cuneiform with references8 7.M4, 7.@9, 7.9NP, 7.@L@, N.O7, N.@4P,N.@7, N.@74, N.4P, N.447, N.4LN, O.N9, O.OM, O.99M, O.4P, P.7, P.7, P.PO, P.44,P.7P, P.N9
• mvm - personal pronounD accusatie singular masculine adam "I" -- O.NM, O.9@, O.@NL
• tua pronounD nominatie singular tuam- "you" -- P.9L
)here is a record of a small inscription in Xorghab 5southwestern Iran6 on which there is thesentence 5adam 7+ru8 98ya;iya ha9mani8iya6 in ld $ersian epressing8 I am 5yrus the
*chaemenian <ing , which illustrates the use of %adam& 5%I68@@
*s an ego-pronoun adam must hae been considered as a word for male and female spea!ers, whichimplies that the word should be understood as a neutral gender word or an androgynous symbol.
@ a7am -- personal pronounD nominatie singular adam "I" -- 9 - ld Iranian nline8 esson O8 ld $ersian@9 ld Iranian nline8 ld $ersian8 Xaster /lossary Z by Wonathan Slocum and Scott . (arey 5)he Vollege of
iberal *rts at +) *ustin6@@ Vyrus 5name6 in Vuneiform documented in *ncient Scripts8 ld $ersian
Fig. =: The e9ample translates as >?>.
The word separator is in purple.
From: Ancient Scripts: Old Persian
Fig. @: The ego-pronoun at the /eginning in >?0 5yrus the 7ing0 an Achaemenid>
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The archaic Cuneiform set of Vowels
)he set of owels at the start of the old $ersian cuneiform `syllabary& starts with the old archaictriad set of *-I-+, which had been mentioned as a belief in the wor! of udwig S3tterlin@4.
In this case howeer no %e& or %o& had been discoered in the old $ersian cuneiform `syllabary&. In
fact the %e& and %y& had collapsed into the %i&, the %o& probably in %u& and the %h& into %a&.)he *!!adian alphabet howeer used four owels8 %I-*-E-+& @L, the atin alphabet fie %I-*-E--+& and the /ree! alphabet seen8 %I-*--E-0-(-1&.
Adam as an e!o-"ronoun
In modern language the fre2uency of ego- and you-pronoun is relatiely high and deteriorationwould 2uic!ly reduce the words to minimal length. )he old $ersian pronouns *dam, mvm and tuaare relatiely long and seem to be relatiely young at that time.
$e is found as %&$a(
In the absence of %e&-owels I chec!ed the word for Ee 5%life&, %liing&6 and I found this word inthe library by searching for %life&8
• Wa - present actie particleD nominatie singular masculine jia- "liing" -- P.9@M,P.@PN
• jv - nounD nominatie singular feminine jv- "life" -- 7.9@M
Ee or to be more precise %Wa& consisted of a 0od and a concatenated set of I-+-*.
@4 'ie 'eutsche Sprache der /egenwart - udwig S3tterlin , 'ocumenta inguistica - /eorg lms Terlag @L Uotes to the Vuneiform ld-$ersian Scripture
Fig. : old Persian cuneiorm >sylla/aryB
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The word )od *%#a!a(+
)he cuneiform word for /od is %baga&, which correlates to Slaic %og&.
• aga - nounD nominatie singular masculine baga- "god" -- O.L
he egobpronoun I[nJIn $ersian 5and also ttoman )ur!ish and urdish6 language the ego-pronoun is8 5dmnd6,which as a transfer from a7am to mn almost seres as a proof that mn and man had beenderied from *dam, the first man, or at least correlating to Xannus, )uisco"s androgynous 5’6 sonand the patriarch of /ermanic tribes.
he egobpronoun I[anJ
*nd then there were numerous references to the ego-pronoun %man&. ritten as “”, the ego- pronoun in aza!h, yrgyz, arachay-al!ar, or in “– the ego-pronoun in 0a!ut, )atar , ash!ir @M
these entries are similar to *romanisch mine, mini, in as2ue"s ni, ni! , Vornwall"s my, Estonianmina, ma, Etruscan mi, #innish8 min—, ld Irish m˜, omani me, Scottish /aelic mi, mee in Xan,m˜ in Irish, my in Vornish,
)hese words are all said to hae been deried from $roto-Indo-European C(e)me-, C(e)me-n-
5%me&6, but some of these also correlate to %men&.
he <anskr8t egobpronoun Pham
utside of the European territory the Indo-European ego-pronouns refer to aham@7, which possibly
for its similarity to *dam, may be referring to creation legends. )he Sans!rit ego-pronoun अहम
5aham6 refers to the $roto-Indo-European CDEh₂which had been considered as a root for %ego&@N
.
he <ar78n8an egobpronoun D:
Ego-pronouns such as Sardinian 'É+ are corresponding to the diine name 'È+. )he majority of all modern ego-pronouns consists of owel combinations or scattered parts of the names of a s!y-god 'yaus or its deriaties such as 'eus and eus.
#rom the ego-pronouns at border areas the typical ‘'%- respectiely ‘%-deriaties such asalloon ‘78%, the Saoyan ‘7e%, ‘7%, ‘heu%, )he Sardinian Ego-ariants 7ego%, ‘ego%, ‘eu%and ‘7iu% indicate the preseration of less deteriorated ersions of the ego-pronouns.
Deter8orat8on of the egobpronouns
)he ego-pronouns belong to the most fre2uently used words and tend to deteriorate towards singleowel ersions in busy and densely populated trading areas 5such as England, Uorway, Tenice,
Uaples6. )herefore the ego-pronoun deteriorated to %8& in Uaples, est Uorway, Scotland andEngland, to %a& in Scotland and Tenice, to %e& in Iceland, to %u& in *lbania, to %& in Wutland andwest-Uorway.
@M Swadesh lists for )ur!ic languages
@7 Sans!rit8 अहम 5aham6- from $roto-Indo-European CDEh₂.@N $roto-Indo-EuropeanA˜™h₂
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The !o-Pronoun Anomaly at Chur ,
* significant anomaly of the ego-pronouns ieu, jau, iou, eau and ih 5and the corresponding diinenames6 may be identified in neighborhood of the Swiss city of Whur, which is located at the
bifurcation of the young rier hine.
. *t the west side of Vhur the ego-pronouns deelop an %IE+&-branch and southwestwardspread to the $roence and ccitania, transforming to %WE& westward to $aris and as %I& toEngland.
9. Uorth of Vhur the ego-pronouns deelop an %I(5(6&-branch and transform to Ich and Ic.
@. South of Vhur the ego-pronouns deelop an %I+&-branch, transforming at the center of theI-territory to %I& and to %I& at Uaples, respectiely %I+& in Sicily.
4. East of Vhur the ego-pronouns deelop an %W*+&-branch, transforming to the Slaic %W*&,respectiely southwards to the Xacedonian ariant W*V 5 W*S6.
Vhur is well-!nown for the first episcopal center at the northern side of the *lps, where the
‘ieuAje%-, the ‘iauAja%-, ‘iouAio%- and the ‘ihhAih%-branch deeloped4P
.If we allow the newly generated owels to collapse to their original triad-structure I-*-+ the Ego-$ronoun *nomaly at Vhur loses its compleity.
In fact all ego-pronouns 5iau, ieu, iou and ih6 around Vhur reduce to their archaic iau-structure,which in a reordered form also has been found in Wa 5old-$ersian for8 %Ee&6.
@O *n I, hich had been Vopied from the ord4P )he Etymological #ieldlines
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Dyaus' Consonants %D( and %.(
IDJ K D8H8s8onQ Dual8ty
)he letter %'& may hae been connected to the creation legend, as the world"s creation had been
closely connected to the creation of words and language. )he initial word was the diine name8In the beginning was the ord, and the ord was with /od, and the ord was /od4.
)he creation started with a series of diisions, in which the first diisions had been the diision of heaens and earth, light and dar!ness.
In the beginning /od created the heaens and the earth. Uow the earth was formless and empty, dar!ness was oer the surface of the deep, andthe Spirit of /od was hoering oer the waters.*nd /od said, `et there be light,` and there was light./od saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the dar!ness.
Splitting up anything into parts also generates a twofold structure. Etymologically the number %)wo& always seems to be starting with a consonant %)& 5 )wo6 or %'& 5 'uo6. )he number two itself had been considered bad for its negatie character in diorces and brea!ing unity. )hecreation process howeer re2uired the generation of duality in structures.
)he %'& may refer to the %'iision& or %'uality& of the creation process. In analogy the ) may alsohae been indicating the twoold character of )uisto, which already had been discoered byac!ernagel and described by Wacob /rimm 5in the appendi to his boo! /erman mythology6.
I<J K <ynthes8s (j)
In contrast the trailing consonant %S& may symbolize the reunification and synthesis of the split-upelements. )his of course is a thesis, which must be considered unproen yet.
In this case the %'&- 5diision6 and %S&-letters 5synthesis6 had been considered as antipodes.
4 Wohn 8
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$er$iew
In the course of studying the ego-pronouns I discoered the cuneiform old-$ersian ego-pronoun%a7am&, which directly correlated $ersian %mn&, the )ur!ish ego-pronoun ariants %&, tothe creation legend in which the first %man& *dam had been created. 'ue to its ocal similarity theSans!rit ego-pronoun aham49 may be correlating to %adam& and to the creation legend as well.
I interpreted European ego-pronouns such as the singular letter Ueapolitan, Uors! and Englishowels %8&, ycliffe"s %6&, the Scottish, Tenetian %a&, the Icelandic %e&, the *lbanian %u& and the'anish %& as deteriorated ersions of the long ariants li!e the $roencal 8eu, the Wauers" au, theXacedonian ac (as), the Italic 8ou and the /erman 8h, which in shortened ersions are !nown as#rench % e&, Slaic % a& and Italian %8o& or Spanish %yo&.
)hese ego-pronouns all seemed to correlate to the creation legend in which a first human being*dam or Xan, had been created as an image %yau& 5the basic ego-pronoun6 of the diine creator,the s!y-god %'yaus&.
49 Sans!rit8 अहम 5aham6- from $roto-Indo-European CDEh₂.
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Contents
'yaus" Towel-Vore 0*+ ................................................................................................................9/ree! Towels..............................................................................................................................9
)he /ree! alphabet"s structure.........................................................................................................90odh............................................................................................................................................@ong and Short Towels...............................................................................................................@Eamples for the symbolism of the owel %E&...........................................................................4Ee Y Wa....................................................................................................................................4Ee Y %a liing being&.................................................................................................................4
$lanetary restrictions........................................................................................................................L)he $tolemaic order....................................................................................................................L)imaeus.......................................................................................................................................L:;1 in /nostics 54PP VE6........................................................................................................M)he Xoon....................................................................................................................................M'aius 5 'eus6 and 'iaus 5 'yaus6......................................................................................7
)he archaic )riad I*1 A I*+...........................................................................................................N'emetrius of $halerum 5c. @LP VE Z c. 9NP VE6 ..................................................................N)he letter 0 as Sonus Xedius......................................................................................................NEamples for the symbolism of the owel %0&..........................................................................O
*nomalies for Ego-pronouns in remote or inaccessible territories...............................................P)he ego-pronoun *dam 5Vuneiform, LLP VE to 4PP VE6...................................................P
)he archaic Vuneiform set of Towels...................................................................................*dam as an ego-pronoun......................................................................................................Ee is found as %Wa&...........................................................................................................)he word /od 5%baga&6........................................................................................................9
)he ego-pronoun %Xšn&..........................................................................................................9
)he ego-pronoun %Xan&...........................................................................................................9)he Sans!rit ego-pronoun *ham..............................................................................................9)he Sardinian ego-pronoun '+............................................................................................9'eterioration of the ego-pronouns............................................................................................9
)he Ego-$ronoun *nomaly at Vhur..............................................................................................@'yaus" Vonsonants %'& and %S&....................................................................................................4
%'& Y 'iision, 'uality............................................................................................................4%S& Y Synthesis 5’6....................................................................................................................4
eriew........................................................................................................................................L
