Eton College King's Scholarship 2008 Examinations Papers

Eton College King's Scholarship Examination 2008

GENERAL 1 (One and a half hours)

NOTICE REGARDING PAST PAPERS

We have given some answer sheets where they are required with figures or words.Where the answer sheets were simply lined paper with question numbers printed onthem, they have been omitted to save paper and postage.

Please note that the illustrations for the insert in Question 2 are not reproduced incolour for the purposes of past papers.

Answer all the questions on the answer sheets provided. Each question is worth 25marks.

You need not answer the questions in the order set, but you must start each one on theappropriate answer sheet. There are extra sheets at the back of the pack. If you havenot finished a question after 20 minutes you are advised to leave it and go on toanother. Return to any unfinished question if you have time left at the end of thepaper. Remember to write your candidate number on every answer sheet.

You are permitted 15 minutes' reading time before starting this paper. It isrecommended that you use this time to familiarize yourself with the outline of thequestions rather than trying to work out any of the answers in detail. YOU MAY NOTWRITE ANYTHING DURING THIS PERIOD.

[Question 1 begins overleaf]

[Pagel of 10]

Question 1

Part A

A cipher is a way of making a word or message secret by changing or rearranging theletters. A 'shift' cipher works by shifting the alphabet a certain number of places tocreate a new alphabet. For example, a 'shift' of 6 means that A becomes the 7th letterof the alphabet, as illustrated below.

AU

BV

CW

DX

EY

FZ

GA

HB

IC

JD

KE

LF

MG

NH

OI

PJ

QK

RL

SM

TN

UO

VP

WQ

XR

YS

ZT

So using the 6 shift cipher the message COWS EAT GRASS would appear as WIQMYUN ALUMM.

Solve the ciphers below. Each one uses a different shift. The grids here are to helpyou with your working. Write your answers in the answer booklet.

a) shift of 9 JHLZIIVCJ ILE LG KTVVJ

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

b) shift of 14 YK XMPK AIZQD TMFQE OMFE


c) shift of 19 AOL MLTHSL KVN KYPURZ


d) shift of 2 AYPQ KMTC DYQR


e) shift of 7 B PTGM YHHW GHP

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P 0 R S T U V W X Y Z

[5]

[Page 2 of 10]

PartB

Your five answers to Part A are the rough English translations of five sentencesfrom the canine language called Wooflish which appear in random order below.Match up the English and the Wooflish.

To do this you need to know the following facts about Wooflish.

word order is the same as in English Wooflish has the same words for subject pronouns as for possessive

pronouns (e.g. we ~ our, you = your, they = their etc) there is no difference between expressions of time and manner (e.g. in a

long time = slowly) there are no prepositions (e.g. through, up) there are no articles (e.g. the, a) some words can be verbs, nouns and adjectives all at the same time (e.g. to

burn = fire = burning = fiery)

Write the Wooflish under the English in the answer booklet.

a) PUF WAH PAW PAH BOWb) WAH GAW WUFc) GAV YAP WOWd) BUF YAP GOVe) PUF WOF YUP GOV [5]

PartC

You have now met fourteen words of Wooflish and have seen someexamples of the language at work. Here are five more words of Wooflish.For each word give two more possible meanings. Write your answers inthe answer booklet.

a) DOH - stupidb) GRR-fightc) UAH - flead) F AM - theye) MUF - yesterday

[5]

Now using the words you know of Wooflish and your imagination, makeup five short sentences of your own in Wooflish. Each sentence should beat least three words long. Bearing in mind the various possible meaningsfor each word, translate the sentences into English. Credit will be givenfor accuracy and originality. Write the Wooflish and the English in theanswer booklet.

[5]

[Total 25] End of Question

[Page 3 of 10]

Question 2

Read the passage below by Henri Matisse and answer the questions which follow.Write your answers in the answer booklet.

"What I am after above all, is expression ... Expression to my way of thinking doesnot consist of the emotion mirrored upon a human face or betrayed by a violentgesture. The whole arrangement of my picture is expressive. The place occupied byfigures or objects, the empty spaces around them, the proportions, everything plays apart. Composition is the art of arranging in a decorative manner the various elementsat the painter's disposal for the expression of his feelings. In a picture every part willbe visible and will play the role conferred upon it, be it principal' or secondary. Allthat is not useful in the picture is detrimental. A work of art must be harmonious in itsentirety; for superfluous details would, in the mind of the beholder, encroach upon theessential elements."

Henri Matisse, Notes of a painter, 1908.

a) Matisse argues here that a painting does not have to depict emotion in order toexpress emotion. What does Matisse mean by expression in art? [6]

b) Study Matisse's painting The Dance (Illustrated in Figure A on the colourinsert). How is Matisse's idea of expression reflected in The Dance? [7]

c) Study Francis Bacon's Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X(Illustrated in Figure B on the colour insert). How far do you think Baconwould agree with Matisse's idea of expression? Discuss with reference tospecific details of both paintings and the extract. [ 12]

[Total 25]

End of Question

[Page 4 of 10]

Figure A Henri Matisse, The Dance, 1909-1910. Oil on Canvas 260x 391 cm (State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg)

Figure B Francis Bacon: Study after Velazquez's Portrait of PopeInnocent X. 1953. Oil on canvas, 153 x 118.1 cm (Des Moines ArtCenter, Iowa).

Question 3

Theories regarding the nature of the Earth and Universe havecontinually developed over the past 3000 years.

It was once believed that the Earth was a flat disc, as illustrated inFigure 1. Simply observed, the Earth's surface is essentially a two-dimensional region (albeit with surface features, such as hills andmountains). It is natural to assume that such a two-dimensional regionis flat. However, it is more than 2000 years since evidence wasobtained to demonstrate that this region is actually curved around onitself, as the surface of a sphere. Figure 1: Map to illustrate

the 'Flat Earth1

Around 350 BC, Aristotle proposed that the spherical Earth is fixed at the centre ofthe Universe. According to Aristotle's model, the Universe is a sphere. Theconstellations of stars exist in a fixed arrangement, embedded in the surface of thissphere. Against this backdrop of stars, planets (such as Mars and Venus) orbit theEarth, as do the Sun and Moon. This is known as the geocentric theory of theUniverse.

a) Suggest a simple observation of the physical world that would have ledAristotle to conclude that the Sun orbits the Earth. Explain your answer.

[2]

b) According to Aristotle's model, how long does it take the Sun to complete onefull orbit of the Earth? Explain your answer.

[2]

[Turn over]

[Page 5 of 10]

One failing of Aristotle's model was the observed retrograde motion of planets suchas Mars. As viewed from Earth, over an extended period, Mars does not always

proceed in a uniform direction across the night sky. At regular intervals, Marsappears to travel in reverse for a short period of time, before resuming its original

direction.

Ptolemy accounted for retrograde motion by modifying the geocentric theory. Hesuggested that Mars followed an orbit within another orbit around the Earth.According to Ptolemy, Mars is found in a small, fast circular orbit known as anepicycle. The centre of this epicycle then follows a much larger, slower circular orbit- known as the deferent - around the Earth. This system is illustrated in the diagrambelow.

I Deferent \h ( )I I

Centre of Epicycle /

Figure 2: The Epicycle and Deferent of Mars

c) On the copy of Figure 3 provided in theanswer booklet, show the complete path thatMars would take in its orbit around the Earth,according to Ptolemy's modified geocentrictheory. [2]

d) Briefly explain how this model accounts for theretrograde motion of Mars as viewed fromEarth. [2]

Earth O

Figure 3

[Page 6 of 101

Around 500 years ago, Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory of the Universe,in which the Universe is still a sphere but with the Sun, not the Earth, at its centre.The heliocentric model retains the orbit of the Moon around the Earth. However, theEarth and other planets are all in orbit around the Sun.

Figure 4 shows the corresponding positions of Earth and Mars, both in orbit aroundthe Sun, at seven equally-spaced time intervals.

Background of fixed stars

Pathof Mars

Figure 4

e) How long does it take each planet to move from position 1 to position 7?[1]

f) By considering the position of Mars against the backdrop of fixed stars, asviewed from Earth, use the heliocentric model to explain the observedretrograde motion of Mars. Do so by adding to the copy of Figure 4provided in the answer booklet AND writing a supporting explanation.

[3]

[Turn over]

[Page 7 of 10]

About 300 years ago, Newton explained that gravity (beingthe force that causes objects to fall towards the Earth) isalso responsible for holding planets and moons inastronomical orbits. He did so by imagining a cannon,placed at the top of a very high mountain, firing aball horizontally. Figure 5 illustrates the trajectories ofthree cannon balls fired with progressively greater speeds.

Figure 5: Newton's Cannon

g) With reference to the diagram, explain how the downward pull of gravity cancause an object to orbit a planet.

[3]

Newton believed that the Universe is infinite in extent, and therefore without aboundary. Approximately 200 years later, Einstein proposed that the Universe doesnot have a boundary, in agreement with Newton. However, unlike Newton, Einsteinbelieved that the Universe was finite (not infinite) in size.

Analogies can be drawn between this issue and a comparison of the flat disc andspherical descriptions of the Earth.

h) For both the flat disc and spherical descriptions of the Earth, explain whetherthe Earth's surface can be said to:

be finite in size; possess a boundary.

[3]

i) Explain how Einstein might have used these ideas to justify his hypothesis thatthe Universe is finite in size but without a boundary.

[3]

Despite the fact that the Earth's surface appears to be flat, we now know that it iscurved.

j) Give one other example of an idea that was once widely believed but is nowknown to be incorrect. Explain how careful observations led to a change ofopinion.

[4]

End of Question[Total 25]

[Page 8 of 10]

Question 4

Read the information below and answer the question which follows it.

In law, every owner of a property owes a duty to people who visit his property. Thisduty is as follows:

b) A woman called Cinderella took a short cut to her local railway station acrossa field owned by Snow White. Members of the public had been crossingSnow White's field to get to the railway station for 35 years. Snow White hadmade attempts to prevent people from doing so but had never taken anyserious action because some of the people stopped at her house to buy milkthat she sold there and she was pleased to be able to sell it. One day, whencrossing the field, Cinderella was attacked by a bull which had been placed inthe field by Snow White. The bull had been in the field for many months.Cinderella knew that it was there and had regularly crossed the field beforewhen it was present.

[Total 25]

End of Paper

[Page 10 of 10]

King's Scholarship Examination 2008.Answer Sheet - to be handed in.

Candidate Number:

Question 1.Part A

a)

b)

c)

e)

PartB

a) English

Wooflish

b) English

Wooflish

c) English

Wooflish

d) English

Wooflish

e) English

Wooflish


Candidate Number:

Question 1 (cont'd)PartC

)

d)

e)

Sentences

i) Wooflish

English

ii) Wooflish

English

iii) Wooflish

English

iv) Wooflish

English

v) Wooflish

English


Candidate Number:

Question 3a)

b)

c) Please add to this diagram to provide your answer.

Earth


Candidate Number:

Question 3. (cont'd)f) Please add to this diagram. You must also write an appropriate explanation.

Background of fixed stars

Pathof Mars


ENGLISH (One and a half hours)

You are advised to divide your time equally between all tasks. Attempt all questions.

T H White -was a schoolteacher-turned-writer who had a passionate interest in nature.In The Goshawk, he describes the sometimes painful process of training a hawk to thetraditional art of falconry, where the will of the trainer must remain strong in order tobreak the will of the bird...

Read the passage from T H White's The Goshawk (1951) and then answer the fivequestions that follow.

I was standing outside the door when I noticed a rook cawingat a tree. A couple of hundred yards away down-wind, he circledthe top, cursing. I ran at once, and there was Gos. Confused,obstinate, too wet to fly, he sat on the tip of the topmost branch andradiated indecision.

I stood in the sousing rain, harless and coatless, for half anhour, holding out a piece of liver and a handkerchief as a lure. Hewould not come.

The tempestuous air came gustily, increasingly, until he wasexasperated. Half thinking to come down to me, he shook out hiswings but wheeled in a stream of wind "which came just at thatwrong moment, but swung, but was blown away. I ran, trying tomark him down, but the wet wind went too fast.

Three hours later, I was pretty sure of his position, havingnoticed the cursing of blackbirds, magpies and rooks in a certainquarter; but I could not see him. I came home to think and get help.

At six o'clock, I went back to the place at which I had lastsuspected him, knowing that he would still be there on account ofthe rain. Hawks did not like to fly when thoroughly wet. Williamcame with me, my ever-present help in time of trouble. I left him atvarious key places which commanded a wide horizon, going roundmyself, whistling. Quite soon, we had marked him at the top of atree in the middle of the wood. The wood was thick, almostimpassable. I went in, leaving William to observe from outside incase the hawk should again swing out of the wood's restricted

[Page 1 of 2]

purview. From then till eight o'clock, I knew where he was all thetime. William went back for the tame pigeon, and this I now usedas lure, in desperation making the poor creature flap its wings andfinally fly at the end of a creance. Gos began to stoop at the pigeon,but turned aside as the creance checked it: a series of half-heartedstoops, which carried him from tree to tree, like a swing. If only 1had gone with this, I should have had him. But the brutality wastoo much. I had known this pigeon: it had sat on my finger. Icould not bear any longer to cast it in the air and to pluck it down,terrified and exhausted.

T H White, The Goshawk (1951)

1. Imagine that you are Gos, the hawk. Describe your feelings and your thoughtsas you resist the writer's attempt to recapture you.

You may write either prose or verse (rhymed or free). Credit will be given foradventurous use of language and control of style. [20]

2. "I stood in the sousing rain, hatless and coatless . . . "

Imagine that you are the hawker.Describe how you felt for this half hour. [20]

3. Imagine who William might have been and what he might have looked like.

Write an extra section for the book in which you give a personal description ofhim. [20]

4. White might well have composed a short conversation between William andhimself in which they discussed their tactics.

Do this for him, punctuating correctly and clearly. [20]

5. Imagine how you might have gone about the task of capturing the bird.

Write instructions, in your own -words, of how you might go about this task.[20]

[End of paper]

Eton College King's Scholarship Examination 2008(One and a half hours)

MATHEMATICS A

Answer Question 1 and as many of the other five questions as you can.Question 1 is worth 50 marks. All other questions are worth 10 marks each.

Show all of your working. Calculators are allowed on this paper.

1. Compulsory Question(a) Find the positive value of v where v2 = u2 + 2as and u = 5, a = 3 and s = 4. [2]

(b) Solve the following inequalities :co ^>n(ii) 17-3A->29 [2,2]

(c) Calculate the following:(i) 25% of 36(ii) 17.5% of 3000 [1, 1]

(d) Solve the following:(i) (* + 5) = 3

(ii) (*-l) + (x + 2) = 4 [1,2]

(e) (i) Find the 50th term of the sequence 3, 5, 7,9...

(ii) Which term of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9... is equal to 249?

(f) James decides that he wants to make a pudding.(i) If his recipe book tells him that he requires 40g of sugar for 6 people then how

much sugar does James need for 9 people? [2]

(ii) James buys the sugar from the supermarket, which was offering the sugar at areduced price of 64p. If its original price was 80p then find the percentagediscount for the sugar. [2]

(iii) If the 40g of sugar needed for 6 people was 8% of the bag of sugar then howmuch did the bag hold? [2]

Please turn over

Pase 1 of 5

(g) A triangle has angles of x, 2x - 10 and 3* + 40 . Find the value of x. [3]

(h) (i) A cuboid measures 5cm by 6cm by 1 Ocm. A cylinder has radius 5cm andheight 4cm. Which has the larger volume? [3]

(ii) A 15cm by 20cm rectangle forms the base of a box of height 8cm. If the boxis filled up with water and the water then poured into containers measuring3cm by 4cm by 2cm then how many such containers will be filled? [2]

(i) Solve the following simultaneous equations:5.x -3; = 26

[4]

(j) A set of 19 boys did a test (marked out of 50) in which the mean mark was 35. The20th boy in the set then did the test.(i) What is the largest possible value of the mean mark for all 20 boys?

[2](ii) Given that the mean mark for all 20 boys decreased to 34, find the score

that the 20th boy got in the test. [2]

(k) Two dice, one red and one blue, are rolled. Find the probability that:(i) The red dice shows a 5. [1](ii) The sum of the scores is 12. [2](iii) The two dice show the same score. [2]

(1) A rectangular field is three times longer than it is wide. If it is 40m wide then findthe greatest distance (to 3sf) between any two points in the field. [2]

(m) Calculate the following, showing all your working:(i) 3f + 4j(ii) 2J + 3} [2,2]

(n) Evaluate the following:[3]

Page 2 of 5

2. A stationery shop sells a large roll of adhesive tape. The roll has 66m of tape on it. A boyis asked to find the thickness of the tape.He uses a ruler to find that the cardboard disc around which the tape is wound has diameter82mm and that the overall diameter (with the tape) is 102mm.

(a) Find (to 3sf) the cross sectional area (shaded above) of the tape (in mm2).

(b) Hence find (to 3sf) the thickness of the tape.

The boy now wants to find the thickness of the tape when the roll has length /m, thediameter of the core is

(a) Below are two right-angled isosceles triangles A and B:

2x A

2x

2x

Find the area of the two triangles A and B in terms of x. [2,3]

(b) A rectangle measuring 1cm by 2cm is put inside a right-angled isosceles triangle sothat its 2cm base lies on the base of the triangle and so two of its corners touch thetriangle, as shown below:

1cm

2cm

Find the area of the large triangle. [5]

(a) Expand and simplify I x +

(b) x is now chosen in such a way that x + = 4x

(i) Find the value of x2 +

(ii) Simplify I x2 + ^ \o find the value of x" +x

(iii) Find the value of x}(! +

[2]

[2]

[3]

[3]x

Page 4 of 5

6.

10cm 10cm

A B10cm

(a) Show that the height of the equilateral triangle ABC shown above is 5V3 cm. [2]

The diagram below shows two circular discs of diameter 10cm. The points P and Q are thecentres of the two discs. P and Q are 20cm apart. A taut belt passes over both discs asshown below

10cm

20cm

The points A, B, C and D above are the points at which the contact between the belt andthe disc is lost.

In the following, assume that the belt is infinitely thin and so ignore any problem of thebelt crossing over itself at X.

(b) Write down the lengths AP and PX. [ 1 ]

(c) Use (a) to write down the values of the angle XPA and the length AX.[2]

(d) Calculate the total length of the belt (leaving your answer in the forma^/b+ 7r where a, b,p and q are all positive whole numbers). [5]

END OF PAPER

Page 5 of 5

Eton College King's Scholarship Examination 2008LATIN (One and a half hours)

Answer question 1 and ONE other question.

\. Answer all the questions on the following passage.

The African king luba, conquered in battle by Caesar, returns in flight to his hometown ofZama but. finds himself rejected by his own subjects.

1 interea rex luba, cum ex proelio effugisset, cum amico quodam nomine Petreionocturnis itineribus in regnum suum contendit. ad oppidum Zamam tandemadvenit, ubi ipse domum, coniuges et liberos habebat, quo etiam ex toto regnoomnem pecuniam carissimasque res comportaverat, et quod muris ingentibus

5 muniverat. cives autem, rumore de Caesaris victoria iam audito, propter hascausas eum portis appropinquate ^ /0/;/m/Mf, primo quod bello contra populumRomanum a rege gesto multi viri, patres, filii interfecti erant, deinde quodCaesarem maxime timebant, et tandem quod ipsi multas iniurias passi erant Zubasaeve regente. turn luba ante portas diu multumque eis minatus est. deinde eis

10 magna voce imperavit ut se sine mora admitterent. tandem, cum se numquam eispersuadere posse intellexisset, eos oravit ut sibi coniuges liberosquz redderent.nulla re ab his impetrata, Zama profectus est atque villain suam cum Petreiopaucisque equitibus petivit.

[CAESAR], De Bello Africo (adapted)

quidam, quaedam, quoddam a certainregnum, -i (n) kingdomliberi, -orum (m pi) childrenquo to wheremunio, -ire, -ivi, -itum I fortifyrumor, -oris (m) rumourprohibeo, -ere, prohibui,prohibitum I prevent

iniuria, -ae (f)minor, -ari, -atus sum + dativeintellego, -ere, intellexi, intellectumreddo, -ere, reddidi, redditumnullus, -a, -umimpetro, -are, -avi, -atumvilla, -ae (f)equites, -um (m pi)

injusticeI threatenI realiseI give backno, noneI obtaincountry househorsemen

(a)

(b)

(c)

Translate the whole passage into English, writing your translation onalternate lines. [40]

State and explain the tense and mood of effugisset (line 1).

State the tenses and moods of the following verbs:(i) habebat (line 3);(ii) muniverat (line 5);(iii) admitterent (line 10).

[3]

[31

IPagel of 4]

(d) muris irigentibus (line 4): put this phrase into the singular, leaving the caseunchanged. [2]

(e) Make these nouns plural, leaving the cases unchanged:(i) rege (line 7);(ii) mora (line 10);(iii) villam (line 12). [3]

(f) Give one example of an ablative absolute from the passage. [2]

(g) State and explain the cases of the following nouns and pronouns:(i) victoria (line 5);(ii) eis (line 10);(iii) Zama (line 12). [6]

(h) petivit (line 13): put this verb into the passive, leaving the tense and personunchanged. [1]

[Total for question 1: 60 marks]

NOW ANSWER EITHER QUESTION 2 OR QUESTION 3.

[Page 2 of 4]

ANSWER EITHER QUESTION 2 OR QUESTION 3

Z Read the following passage, then answer the questions which follow. DO NOTTRANSLATE unless you are specifically asked to do so. You should paycareful attention to the number of marks available for each question.

The story from question 1 continues.

The people of Zama seek help from Caesar, currently encamped at Utica. luba,finding himself banished forever from his own city, takes his own life in an unusualway.

1 postea Zamenses legatos de his rebus ad Caesarem Uticam miseruntpetiveruntque ab eo ut sibi auxilium mitteret, antequam rex manum militumcolligeret seque oppugnaret. eum etiam certiorem fecerunt se paratos esseoppidum ei servare. legatos laudatos Caesar domum iubet redire et suum

5 adventurn praenuntiare. ipse postero die Utica egressus cum exercitu in regnumire contendit. in itinere ex regis copiis duces octo ad Caesarem veneruntoraveruntque ut sibi ignosceret. quibus rogantibus venia data Zaniam pervenit.rumore interea lato de eius lenitate clementiaque paene omnes regni equitesZamam perveniunt ad Caesarem, ab eoque sunt metu periculoque liberati. dum

10 haec geruntur, rex ab omnibus civibus exclusus, omni spe salutis abiecta, cumiam cenam cum Petreio consumpsisset, consilium mortis cepit. ut proptervirtutem interfecti esse viderentur, gladiis inter se pugnaverunt sed fortiorimbecilliorem luba Petreium facile interfecit. deinde ipse, cum conatus essetgladio transicere pectus nee posset, servum suum precatus est ut se interficeret

15 idque impetravit.

[CAESAR], De Bella Africo (adapted)

legatus, -i (m) ambassador metus, -us (m) fearcertus, -a, -um certain, sure salus, -utis (f) safetyposterus, -a, -um next consilium capio J think of apianignosco, -ere, ignovi, ignotum +dat I forgive imbecillus, -a, -um weakvenia, -ae (f) pardon pectus, -oris (n) chest, heartlenitas, -atis (f) gentleness precor, -ari, -atus sum I pray todementia, -ae (f) mercy

(a) Lines 1-3 (postea... oppugnaret): what do the people of Zama ask Caesar todo and why? [4]

(b) Lines 4-6 (legatos...contendit): how does Caesar react to their request? [6]

(c) Translate lines 6-7 (in itinere...pervenit). [5]

(d) Lines 8-9 (rumore...Caesarem): who comes to Zama to meet Caesar andwhy? [3]

[Page 3 of 4]

(e) How is the king's situation described in lines 9-10 (dum haec...abiectd)l [4]

(f) What do the king and Petreius then do and why (lines 11-12: ut propiervirtutem...pugnaverunt)l [3]

(g) What is the outcome of the fight (lines 12-13: fortior...interfecif)l [2]

(h) How does the king eventually die (lines 13-15: deinde ipse...impetravif)1 [4]

(i) Turn these indirectly reported words of the people of Zama back into directspeech: eum etiam certiorem fecerunt se paratos esse oppidum ei servare(lines 3-4). [3]

(j) State and explain the case ofpostero die (line 5). [2]

(k) Give from the passage one example of each of the following:(i) an ablative absolute;(ii) a purpose clause;(iii) an indirect command;(iv) a deponent participle. [4]


3. Translate this passage into Latin, writing your translation on alternate lines.

The storm had forced the slaves to wait near the city walls. They were not happy afterthe long journey. Many of them had left home in the middle of the night. Some hadleft behind all their money; others had tried in vain to carry their children. They allwanted to reach the harbour. "Don't wait there! Come quickly or the guards will seeyou!", shouted their leader. They set out at once towards the sea. But one of the oldmen fell and, hearing his shout, the guards killed him with arrows. Then theydeclared loudly that without weapons the slaves could not escape and ordered them toreturn home as quickly as possible. When they heard these words, the fugitivesrealised that they had been led into a trap. A few died fighting bravely but most fledinto the city.

I fall cado, -ere, cecidi, casumfugitive fugitivus, -i (m)trap insidiae, -arum (fpl)


END OF PAPER

[Page 4 of 4]


FRENCH (One and a half hours)

WRITE YOUR CANDIDATE NUMBER HERE: CAND

This paper consists of five questions. You must answer ALL the questions, and complete the first four inan hour. The time taken to read the passage for Question 5 is in addition to the one and a half hoursgiven for the paper. Your answers to Questions 1 and 4 should be written ON THE QUESTION PAPERin the spaces provided. Your answers to Questions 2, 3 and 5 should be written on examinationstationery.

1. USE OF FRENCH (10 marks). You are advised to spend no more than ten minutes on thisquestion. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

a) Translate the following verb forms into French, using the verb that is given in brackets:

(manger} We eat:

(croire) Do you believe? (2n person singular) :

(jeter} I am throwing :

(appeler) I will call :

(yenir) He will come :

(placer] They used to put:

(craindreytou were afraid (2ndperson plural)

(redescendre) She has come back down :

(redecouvrir) She has rediscovered :

(arriver) She had arrived :

[Page 1 of 6] [Turn over]

b) Fill each of the following ten gaps with a single French word, as in the examples set out below:

Examples : Oil est (le)parapluie ? Est-ce queje l'(ai) perdu ?Elk (en) apris deux dans (son) sac a main.

II est entre ( ) mon bureau ( ) frapper.

II m'( ) a offert quelques-uns mais j'( ) avals deja assez.

La ( ) des gardens sont sages mais quelques-uns ne ( ) sont pas.

II a deconseille ( ) son pere ( ) lire son bulletin scolaire

La maison vers ( ) il se dirigeait etait celle ( ) je t'ai parle.

c) Look at the examples set out below:

Quandje serai plus vieux, je serai professeur.(or) j 'acheterai une Renault.

Oit sont les disques quej'ai mis sur la table ?(or) quej'ai achetes hier ?

Now use your imagination to complete the following sentences in French:

J'ai besoin

S'il vient me voir.

Pourquoi as-tu pris ?

Si j'avals su

II aurait mieux valu

[Page 2 of 6]

2. READING COMPREHENSION (25 marks) :

To be written on examination stationery.

Read the following passage carefully and then answer questions (a) - (r) IN ENGLISH. Your answersmust be based on the information contained in the text.

JEUNES DIPLOMES, FAITES VOS JEUX !

Danone vient de racheter une usine en Amerique latine. Vite, il faut concevoir un plan de developpement,choisir un nouveau directeur parmi la plethore de candidatures. Mais catastrophe ! Un puissant syndicatvilipende la multinationale et les salaries declenchent une greve. Reunie au siege du groupe, la petite equiped'urgence s'active. Elle n'a qu'une journee pour tout regler... Ce scenario aux allures de mission impossibleest celui de Trust, le jeu d'entreprise imagine par Danone en 2003 pour les eleves des grandes ecoles, etreedite chaque annee depuis. Dans le jargon des grosses entreprises, cela s'appelle des ^business games.Le principe : proposer a des etudiants de se mettre, le temps d'un week-end ou sur plusieurs semaines, dansla peau d'un cadre dirigeant (n), charges d'une tache precise: imaginer une campagne de publicite, lancerune nouvelle gamme de cosmetiques, faire bondir un cours en Bourse. Depuis quelques annees, L 'Oreal,Shell, Carrefour, TBWA et bien d'autres multiplient ces exercices de simulation (o), qui debouchentsouvent sur des contrats pas du tout virtuels pour les candidats les plus convaincants.

Finie la lettre de motivation ? Fini 1'entretien d'embauche classique ? IIfaut reconnoitre que (p) lamethode du jeu est excellente pour reperer les jeunes talents. Au fil des etapes, ils revelent qualites etdefauts : mis en situation, un eleve au CV irreprochable peut s'effondrer sous la pression. Tandis qu'unautre, dont le profil attirerait moins 1'attention, se demarquera par sa debrouillardise, son sens de1'improvisation. ccC'est un vrai laboratoire d'observation^, admet Monsieur David Charbonnier chezL'Oreal, qui embauche 150 personnes (q) a chaque edition de Brandstorm, son jeu de marketing. Cetteannee, les candidats se transformeront en chefs de marque. Mission : creer une nouvelle gamme (r) decremes solaires pour adolescents. Les equipes auront un quart d'heure, le jour de la finale, pour presenterleur projet aujury.

(a) What has Danone just done? [1](b) What is the next stage for Danone? [2](c) What problem has the company just run into? [2](d) What must the "emergency team" do in just one day? [1](e) What exactly is "Trust" ? [2](f) What time-scale are the student participants working on? [2](g) When the students are role-playing, who do they have to pretend to be? [1 ](h) What are the 3 examples of the kind of task they have to fulfil? [3](i) What kind of reward can the best participants expect to gain? [1](l) What might this kind of recruitment method spell the end of? [2](k) But what is this method particularly good at doing? [1](1) What, for example, might a student with a brilliant CV do? [1](m) And what might a student with a less impressive CV do? [1](n-r) What do you think the words or phrases in bold italics mean? You may

translate them or explain them. [5]


3. TRANSLATION (25 marks)


Translate into English, paying attention to the style as well as the accuracy of your translation.

LES BAIGNEURS FONT DES HEURES SUPPLEMENT AIRES

Le soleil va bientot se coucher et la baie des Citrons est encore remplie de monde, dont une fouled'enfants, sur la plage et dans 1'eau. Effet exceptionnel de la canicule ou consequence classique d'uneperiode estivale, de vacances ou les touristes sont les plus nombreux ? La chaleur n'a pas du toutchange nos habitudes , affirment Antonia et Fabrice. Mais ce dernier, amateur de la plage, a bienremarque que, ces temps-ci, les gens restent plus longtemps, jusqu'au coucher du soleil .

Sur le sable, Jean-Paul Dubois observe son epouse et son enfant barboter dans la mer. Comme il faitcliaud, c'est bien que la petite puisse s'eclater pendant deux heures le soir, jusqu'a 18h30 environ. En fait,c'est le soleil qui nous guide. Des qu'il est trop bas, on s'en va.

Apres la baignade, le pique-nique.

Patrick et Corinne restent sous le parasol toute la journee. C'est la seule solution car on a des enfants. Eten fin d'apres-midi, on va a la plage. Rien d'exceptionnel toutefois : On le fait depuis toujours, desqu'on le peut et pas seulement quand il fait chaud. Meme tonalite pour Colette, qui vient, avec son mari,tous les soirs de 1'annee, qu'il pleuve, qu'il vente... . Plutot en fin d'apres-midi et jusqu'a 19heures. Et apres : On va boire une biere en face ! C'est rafraichissant aussi.

[Page 4 of 6]

4. TRANSLATION INTO FRENCH (10 marks)

Write your answer in the space provided.

(Remember that the Reading Comprehension and the Translation provide almost all the words andstructures that you will need.)

a) The children have just returned from the beach where they stayed longer than yesterday.

b) "Nothing unusual has happened at the factory today," the man said to his wife.

c) "Children, you will have half-an-hour to tell me why you stayed there until sunset."

d) It is good that we are able to spend our holidays in South America this year.

e) "Whether it rains or not I propose going to the beach," said the man who used to work for thetrade-union.

[Page 5 of 6] [Turnover]

5. REPRODUCTION STORY (30 marks)


The story will be read to you twice. You may not take notes during the reading. You should aim toreproduce the story in about 120-130 words of French, and you will be marked for the style as well as theaccuracy of your version.

POINTLESS POST

industriel arnericain aller en Europe - voyage d'affaires - depart d'un jour a1'autre - sa femme - 1'accompagner - sites historiques - leur fils, Martin -vacances dans quinze jours camp de montagne demander a des amis - unelettre une carte un voyage ires reussi sans nouvelles - en pleine forme sacsremplis - un seul gros sac - courrier.

[Page 6 of 6] [End of paper]

Eton College King's Scholarship Examination 2008FRENCH (Supervisor's Copy)

5. REPRODUCTION STORY. The time taken to read the passage twice is in addition to the one anda half hours given for the paper.

POINTLESS POST

Monsieur Farman etait un industriel americain, qui travaillait pour une compagniequi fabriquait des tracteurs et toutes sortes de materiel agricole. Un jour il a tout acoup etc oblige d'aller en Europe pour un voyage d'affaires dans plusieurs pays, ycompris la France, I'Allemagne, 1'Espagne et I'ltalie. II fallait partir d'un jour a1'autre alors il y avait tres peu de temps pour faire des preparatifs et puisque c'etaitun voyage d'une extreme importance pour sa compagnie il devait partir quand onlui a dit de partir

Sa femme, qui avait peu voyage, avait tres envie de I'accompagner, surtout parcequ'elle avait entendu dire qu'il serait possible de visiter Le Louvre et beaucoupd'autres sites historiques. Leur fils, Martin, age de neuf ans, ne pouvait pas faire cevoyage car il n'etait pas encore en vacances scolaires et ils devaient trouver uneautre solution pour ses vacances qui allaient commencer dans quinze jours.On a fmalement decide de 1'envoyer avec d'autres enfants dans un camp demontagne, et pensant qu'il serait peut-etre malheureux, sa mere, avant de partir pour1'Europe, a demande a un certain nombre d'amis d'ecrire regulierement a 1'enfantafm qu'il receive une lettre ou au moins une carte tous les jours. De cette facon il nese sentirait pas seul.

Au bout de cinq semaines environ, apres un voyage tres reussi et tres agreable,Monsieur et Madame Farman sont rentres chez eux, se rejouissant de trouver leurfils, dont ils etaient sans nouvelles depuis plus de cinq semaines.

Le lendemain il est arrive, en pleine forme, car il avait fait beaucoup de randonneesa la montagne avec ses nouveaux amis, et ils avaient meme fait du campingsauvage. Ses bagages etaient remplis de choses qu'il etait impatient de montrer a sesparents et il a mis plus d'une heure pour leur expliquer tout ce qu'il avait rapportedes montagnes.

A la fin il n'y avait plus qu'un seul sac gros et lourd a ouvrir. Aux questions qu'onlui a posees Martin a repondu : Oh, c'est juste mon courrier. Je n'avais jamais letemps de lire les lettres et les cartes quand elles arrivaient tous les jours.

[30 marks]

[Page 1 of 1] [End of paper]

Eton College King's Scholarship Examination 2008GREEK (One and a half hours)

Candidates should attempt ALL the questions on this paper.

[Pagel of6] [Turnover]

1.(a) Give the appropriate forms of the following articles and nouns:

(i)(ii)

6 SouAosTO Scopov

(iii) f| oocfiia(iv) r i T i M n/ \ '(v) o

dative singulardative pluralaccusative singulargenitive singularnominative plural [5]

(b) Convert these articles and nouns into their opposite numbers, keeping them in the same case(i.e. if they are singular, make them plural; if they are plural make them singular):

(i) 6 TrcTis(ii) TCOV P]

(c) Translate into English:

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv) AUETCU(V) EOTE [5]

(d) Translate into Greek:

from Auco:

from 4>iAECo:

from E i | J i :

(i) they loosed(ii) I was loosing(iii) they are loosed

(iv) you (pi.) love(v) we were loving

(vi) to be[6]

[Total for Question 1: 18]

[Page 2 of 6]

2. Translate the following passage into English: write your translation on alternate lines.

Ariadne and Theseus

'ApiocSvri EOTI KocAr) TrapOsvos. Mivcos SE, 6 TTaTrip auTrjs,

|3aaiAUEi frjs MEyccAr]^ vrjaou OVOIJOCTI Kprjrris". OUTOS SE ou povov

Tfjv KpT]TT]v KOTEXLL, aAAcx ai oAr]V Tfjv GocAaTTav Kat 10.5 \i\Kpca$

vrjoous' TO yap vairLLKoy aiiTco EOTI (jsytaTov. VIKOC ouv TTOTE 6

Mivcos TOUS 'A8r)vaious TOO VCXUTIKCO, Kai IiTEiTa KEAsuEi aurous

TTEM7TE1V ElS KprJTT]V SsKtt VEaVlQS KOI 6EKQ TTap0EVOUS. TCOV SE

vsavicov TI'S SOTI 9r|OEus, 6 TOU 'Aiyscos uios*. 6 SE QT\OEV$- sdsXeiCXTTOKTEIVE1V TOV MlVGOTCCUpOV Kttl OCOÊIV TTOCVTaS TOU^

ious. ETTEI ouv 'ApiocSvrj opa TOV Gipsa EuGu^ 4>iAEl QUTOV

auTco ôijMi. GTIOEUS ouv EiaspXHTai eis TOV AaûpivGov Kai

CXTTOKTEtVEl TOV MlVCOTttUpOV. ETTEITQ SE 'ApldSvT] EK(()EUyEl K T?|S

Kpr]TTis auv rjosl Kai io\$ aAAois 'A0r]vaioi$.

Vocabulary

I possess, occupyTO uauTixov fleetpor|0co + dative I help, come to the rescue of


[Page 3 of 6] [Turnover]

3. Answer the questions on the following passage. Do not translate unless specifically asked to do so.

An animal's devotion to its keeper

eAeâvTa XEUKOV riupev 'IvSos n$, Kai TrapaXa[3cov ETpefov STIVEOV ovTa, rat 61 'oXiyou EiroirjOE x^pc^^ Ka' ETTCOXÎTO aurco,Kai ECJM'XEI TO coov Kai E(j>iXftTo urr' auTou. 6 5e p>aotXsu$ TCGV

'IvScov TTuGopEvos fJTEi XafÊiv TOV sXsâvTa. 6 SE TTEpiaXycov EI

5 EfjEXXs SeaiTOTris slvai QUTOU aXXos, ouSsva Xoyov eXsysv KaicxTr?|X6E sis aXXrjv X"PavT ava(3as TOV EX(j)avTa. opyiêTai 6s 6(SaaiXsus, Kai TTE(JTTEI eir' aurov OTpaTiooras cxâipTiaopsvousTOV XEc))avTa Kai apa TOV 'IvSov Etri Tfjv SIKTJV cxôvTas. ETTSI 6sfJKOV, ETTElpCOVTO ^fav TTpOO({)EpEl V. 6 pV OUV a'vGpCOTTOS EâXXsV

10 X(0ous BIT' auTous aycoQiv, TO SE ^c2>ov ayvqjjyvETQ. ETTE'I SE 6' IvSos" KaTairiTTTEi, rroXXo?s TOÔI^ TpaupaTiaOEts, TTEpipaivei

TOV TpO({)a 6 XE(})as, COOTTp Ot UTTEpaOTTlÔVTE^ TOU^ EV |JCXXT]

TTEOOVTas, Kai TCOV OTpaTlCOTCOV TTOXXOUS" |JV CXTTEKTEIVE,

S' aXXous ETpEvpE* TTEpipaXcov SE TCO ipo4)Ei Tr]v Tipo15 aTpsi TE auTov Kai KaTa Tf)v oSov KOJJIÊI.

Aelian (adapted)

(a) Describe the discovery that is made in line 1. [1](b) In line 2 pick out and translate the word that says how old the animal was. [1](c) What happens next (line 2: Kai Si' oXiyou ... OUTGO)? [1](d) Describe the relationship that develops between animal and keeper (line 3). [2](e) Who found out about the animal and what did this person demand (lines 3-4)? [2](f) Give a detailed description of the keeper's reaction (lines 4-6). [6](g) Pick out and translate the word that describes the reaction of the other man (lines 6-7). [2](h) Whom does this man send and with what purpose (lines 7-8)? [5](i) What does the keeper then do (lines 9-10: 6 MEV...a'vco0ev)? [2](j) Translate from erm SE 6 'IvSos to Kopiê i (lines 10-15). [18]


[Page 4 of 6)

Glossary

the Indian

Vocabulary

Tp(})CO

(+dat.)TTEpiaAyscoTTEipdopairjfBi'aavcoBevouvapuvopai6 TpoE\j$, e

COOTTEpTpETTCOcupco

I nurture, bring upaccustomed to being handled, tameI rideI am very distressedI tryforce, mightfrom aboveI help to defendthe keeperI cover x (accusative) with a shieldjust asI turn to flight, routI lift


4. Translate the following sentences into Greek. Some of the words from questions 2 and 3 may help you.

a) The wise girl does not want to hear the words of the slave. [4]

b) The brave soldiers were waiting on the island for ten days. [4]

c) The general ordered the horses to go to the river. [4]

d) The guards, being very distressed, arrived at the gates of the city. [4]

e) When the messenger was set free during the night, the bad men fell down. [4]


[Page 6 of 6] [End of Paper]


SCIENCE (SECTION 1) (60 minutes)

Candidate Number:

INSTRUCTIONS

Write your candidate number, not your name, in the space provided above.

You should attempt ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided:continue on a separate sheet of paper if you need more space to complete your answerto any question.

Allow yourself about 12 minutes for each question.

The maximum mark for each question or part of a question is shown in square brackets.

In questions involving calculations, all your working must be shown.

For examiners' use only.

1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL

[Pagel of 12]

1. A strip of calcium was added to excess dilute hydrochloric acid in the apparatus shownbelow, and the time taken for 10 cm3 of hydrogen to be collected was measured. Theexperiment was then repeated using the same mass of other metals. The results are shownin the table below.

gas syringe

Metalcalciumironmagnesiumzinc

Time taken in seconds10301225

(a) (i) On the evidence provided by these results, state and explain which metal isleast reactive.

[2]

(ii) Explain what other factor has to be controlled to allow a fair comparison ofthe reactivity of the four metals.

[2]

(b) Once the experiment had been modified to ensure that it was a fair test, a strip ofaluminium produced very little hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid unless the surfacewas first rubbed with emery paper (an abrasive paper like sandpaper). Aluminium ismuch more reactive than zinc. Suggest an explanation for this unexpected result.

[3]

[Page 2 of 12]

(c) Explain why painting iron articles helps to prevent rusting.

[2]

(d) Galvanizing involves coating iron articles with zinc. Use information from thetable to help you to explain why galvanizing iron protects it from rusting moreeffectively than painting does.

[3]

[Page 3 of 12] [turn over]

-J2. 25.0 cm" of hydrochloric acid was placed in a polystyrene cup.

thermometer

polystyrene cup

50 cm of sodium hydroxide was added in 5.0 cm3 portions, the mixture was stirred andthe temperature noted after each addition. A graph of the results is shown below.

temperature (C) 26

0 10 20 30 40 50

volume of sodium hydroxide added (cm3)

(a) (i) Was the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer.

[1]

(ii) What type of reaction took place between the hydrochloric acid and thesodium hydroxide?

[1]

[Page 4 of 12]

(b) Explain the shape of the graph.

[3]'J(c) (i) How can you tell from the graph that 25.0 cm of sodium hydroxide was

required to react completely with the hydrochloric acid?

(ii) Given that hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react according to theequation

HC1 + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

was the concentration of the sodium hydroxide greater than, less than, or thesame as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid? Explain your answer.

[2]

(d) The experiment was repeated, but with the polystyrene cup replaced by a cup of thesame size made of copper. The temperature readings obtained were all severaldegrees less than in the first experiment. Explain this observation as fully as youcan.

[4]


3. The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a mammal that lives in the AntarcticCircle, where air temperatures are usually around -10DC and the sea temperature istypically around -2C. The photograph below shows a mother seal and her recently-bornseal pup.

(Image from http://www.rosssea.info/marine-mammals.html)

(a) Seals are mammals. One characteristic feature of mammals is that the femaleslactate (produce milk) and suckle their young. State two other characteristicfeatures of mammals.

(i)

(") [2]

(b) A pup had a mass of 20kg at birth. 28 days later this pup had grown to 80kg.During this period of growth, the seal pup consumed an average of 2.6kg of foodper day.

(i) Calculate the percentage of consumed food that is converted into new bodytissues ('assimilated') during the 28-day period.

[2]

(ii) Suggest two things that could happen to the food that is not assimilated.

[2]

[Page 6 of 12]

(c) Weddell seal pups have a mass of around 20kg at birth. Juveniles reach about100kg, whereas an adult may reach a mass of 400kg. At all stages of life, the bodyshape is virtually the same. Underneath their skin surface is a thick layer of blubber.The bar chart below shows how the thickness of this blubber varies as the sealsgrow and mature:

Blubberthickness,

cm

Pup Juvenile Adult

(i) Suggest one reason why the blubber thickness decreases between the pup andthe juvenile stage.

[1]

(ii) Suggest one reason why the blubber thickness then increases as the juvenilesdevelop into adults.

[1]

(iii) One role of the blubber layer is insulation, important in the freezingconditions of the Antarctic. Suggest another role for the blubber.

[1]


(d) The pie charts below show the composition of human milk and Weddell seal milk.

Human Weddell Seal

WaterFatProteinCarbohydrate

(Datafrom 'AnimalPhysiology', 5l Edition, byKmitSchmidt-Nielsen)

Discuss possible reasons for the difference in composition of human and seal milk. Youshould refer to the specific components of the milk in your answer.

[3]

[Page 8 of 12]

4. The table below shows how the volume of blood pumped by the human heart dependsupon the number of beats per minute (the heart rate). [1 dm - 1000 cm3.]

Heart rate(beats/min)Volume per beat(cm3)Volume eachminute (dm3)

50

75

3.75

60

72

4.32

70

4.90

90

65

110

61

6.71

130

56

7.28

150

42

6.30

170

28

4.76

(a) Fill in the blanks in the table above. [2]

(b) Even when involved in vigorous exercise, it seems that it may not be advantageousfor heart rates to rise above 140 beats per minute. Referring to the data in the table,explain why.

(c) Successful long-distance runners often pump a larger blood volume per heartbeat.Explain why this might be advantageous.

[2]

(d) The heart beat consists of a rapid period of contraction followed by a period whenthe heart muscle must relax whilst the heart slowly fills up again ready for the nextbeat. Use this information to explain the relationship between heart rate and bloodvolume per beat.

[1]


(e) A commonly held view is that exercise reduces the risk of heart attacks. In the daysbefore one-man-operated buses became the norm, London double-decker buses hadboth a driver and a conductor. The conductor gathered the fares and sold tickets tothose upstairs and downstairs. A famous old (1953) research study compared theincidence of heart attacks in London bus drivers compared to bus conductors. Thestudy looked at over 30 000 men between the ages of 35 and 64. Over the periodof the study, conductors had 50% fewer heart attacks than the drivers.

(i) State two advantages of basing the research on such a large sample ofworkers?

[2]

(ii) One researcher thought that these data clearly supported the hypothesis thatregular exercise reduces the risk of heart attacks. Others thought that, beforecoming to a conclusion, the research team needed more information about thekind of people who did these jobs and what the jobs themselves involved.What sorts of information do you think they had in mind so that the studycould come to a firmer conclusion regarding the hypothesis? In your answer,give at least four things they should investigate and briefly explain theimportance of each one.

[4]

[Page 10 of 12]

5. (a) What is meant by an electric current?

[1](b) Charge is measured in coulomb (given the symbol C). A current of 1 ampere (or

1 A) means that 1C of charged particles is passing a point in a circuit each second.

(i) If 32C pass a point in 6s, what is the current?

[1]

(ii) An ammeter in a circuit reads 3A. How much charge passes in 1 minute?

[1](c) Two ammeters are shown in the circuit below. The current in one is shown. Fill in

the current in the other.

x

(d) The cells and the resistors in the circuits below and on the next page are all thesame as those in part (c). Fill in the ammeter readings.

II]

[Page 11 of 12J

[1]

X

[3]

(e) The circuit diagram below shows a variable resistor. One of the connections(shown as an arrow) can be moved along the length of the resistor to include moreor less resistance in the circuit.

State and explain what you would expect to see happen to the brightness of thelamp as the connection is slid from end A to end B.

[3]

[Page 12 of 12][End of Paper]


SCIENCE (SECTION 2 - DATA ANALYSIS) (30 minutes)

Candidate Number:

This paper describes the results of some experiments. Read the information and answer thequestions in the spaces provided.

Additional materials required: Inserts Photograph 1 and Photograph 2, Graph Paper.

For examiners' use only.

Total

[Page 1 of 5]

1. Look at the insert called Photograph 1. This is the photographic result of an experimentto measure the movement of a ball being dropped. A ball was dropped in a darkenedroom. A light flashed at regular time intervals and illuminated the ball. The position ofthe ball at each flash was captured as a series of ghostly images on the photograph.

(a) (i) Using a ruler, measure from the photograph the distance between positionsA and B and then record this distance in the left hand column of Table 1below. It is important to measure from the same point on the ball in the twoimages, e.g. from the centre of the image at A to the centre of the image atB.,Why?

[1]

(ii) Now measure the distances between successive images. Record thesedistances in the left hand column of Table 1 below.

[3]Table 1

A t o B

BtoC

CtoD

DtoE

E t o F

F t o G

G t o H

Distancemeasuredfrom the

photographcm

Actual orTrue

Distance

cm

AverageSpeed

cm/s

(b) (i) The actual distances the ball falls are obviously larger than those you havemeasured with your ruler. The measured distance from A to H is 13.8cm. Ifthe actual distance from A to H was 125cm, calculate how many timeslarger the actual apparatus was than the photograph.

[11

(ii) Now complete the Actual Distance column in Table 1.

[Page 2 of 5]

(c) The light flashes 1200 times per minute. What is the time between successiveflashes? Give your answer in seconds.

(d) (i) Calculate the average speed of the ball as it falls from A to B. Show yourworking below.

(ii) Now complete the Average Speed column in Table 1.

[2]

13]

(e) Assume that a stopwatch was started when the ball was at position A. Completetable 2 below to show the time as the ball reached each position.

[2]Table 2

Position

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Time (s)0.00

(f) (i) Using the graph paper provided, plot a graph of average speed (y-axis)against time (x-axis). Join the points with an appropriate straight line orcurve. [4]

(ii) Explain any assumptions you have made when plotting your graph.

[2]


(i) Describe as fully as you can what is happening to the speed of the fallingball.

P]

(ii) Why does the speed of the ball change in this way?

Now look at the insert called Photograph 2. This is also the photographic record of anexperiment. A ball was fired horizontally. In the same manner as Photograph 1 theimage of the ball at various positions was captured. The ball can be seen to move fromleft to right, whilst also falling. The photograph shows 20 images of the ball, some ofthe images have been numbered.

(a) It takes 0.95s for the ball to travel from position 1 to position 20. What is the timebetween light flashes?

(b) Look at the vertical distance dropped between successive images. What ishappening to the vertical speed? Explain your answer.

[3]

(c) It has been suggested that the horizontal speed of the ball is constant.(i) What measurements would you need to take to see if this was true?

[Page 4 of 5]

(ii) Now take these measurements and record them below.

[2]

(iii) Do you believe the horizontal speed of the ball is constant? Use theevidence collected above to support your answer.

[2]

(d) Take appropriate measurements from Photograph 2 and then calculate thehorizontal speed as the ball travels from position 14 to position 15. Show yourworking.

[5]

[End of Paper]

[Page 5 of 5]

Photograph 1

Adapted from: http://web.mit.edU/8.01x/wvw/supp/strobe.jpg

Photograph 2

Start

Adapted from http://www.vk2zay.net/article.php/27


MATHEMATICS B (One and a half hours)

Answer as many questions as you can. Each of the ten questions carries ten marks. Show all yourworking. Calculators are not allowed

1. a) Calculate the angle x in the isosceles triangle shown with an exterior angle of 80.

b) The vertices of a regular nonagon are labelled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I, in consecutiveorder. Calculate each of the angles in the triangle ACF.

2. a) Solve the simultaneous equations 198x-202y = 3212 and 202*-198j;-3188.b) Hence solve the simultaneous equations

909 1QS198p2+= 3212 and 202^2 + = 3188-

3. a) A 4 x 4 x 4 cube is made up of unit cubes. The outside of the cube is then painted bydipping it in paint. How many of the unit cubes will have exactlyi) 3 faces painted? ii) 2 faces painted? iii) 1 face painted? iv) 0 faces painted?

b) Repeat part (a) with an x x x x x cube.c) What would be each of your answers to part (b) if the eight unit corner cubes were removed

and discarded and then the large altered cube was dipped?

4. This question refers to the diagram opposite.a) If AX-BX-BC and angle BAX =x, prove

angle BCX=2x.b) If instead AX=BX=CX, prove that

angle ABC is a right angle.

C

5. a) Solve the equation ^x = x (5 -^x).b) A ship is twice as old as its boiler was when the ship was the age the boiler is now. The

present combined age of the ship and boiler is 49 years. How old is the ship now?

6. a) A car travels from Eton to Ascot with an average speed of 50 km/hour on the outwardjourney and with an average speed of 75 km/hour on the return journey. Show that theaverage speed for the whole journey is 60 kin/hour.

b) Normally, the train between Windsor and Feltham travells at an average speed of 90km/hour. If it is delayed and arrives 4 minutes late, its average speed drops to 70 km/hour.What is the distance between the stations of Windsor and Feltham?

(Page I of 2)

Two common Pythagorean triples are (3, 4, 5) and (5, 12, 13) because 32 + 42 = 52 and52 + 122 = 13 2 . We will now find other whole number solutions of Pythagoras' theorem,x2 + y2 = z2, in the special case that z = y + 1.a) Substitute z = y + 1 into Pythagoras' theorem, to eliminate z. Rearranging your new

equation, show that y = j(x2 -1) .b) Using this formula, explain why x must be an odd whole number.c) Hence calculate the first seven Pythagorean triples, of this type, starting with x = 3.

We know that I-i = l and _L+_L = 1.2 3 6 1 2 1 2 6

We wish to solve _L -j - _, for m and n whole numbers with 777 > n.m n 6

a) Show that the above equation can be rearranged into the form (m 6)(n 6) = 36.b) Hence solve for all whole number pairs of values m and n with m > n.

a)b)

7 7Suppose xy = 1 6 and x + y = 11, evaluate x + y .A rectangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 7cm. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 36cm,calculate the area of the rectangle.

10. a) Calculate the exact perpendicular height, h, of the isosceles triangle shown

2cm

b) A regular octagon is.inscribed inside a circle of radius 2cm. Calculate the area of theoctaeon.

(End of paper)(Page 2 of 2)


HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY AND DIVINITY (One and a half hours)

The paper is divided into THREE sections. Candidates should answer THREE questions from at leastTWO sections. Start each question on a NEW sheet of paper.

SECTION 1: HISTORY

1. Study the four sources on the insert provided. They are army recruitment posters published bythe government of the day and used in Britain during World War I. What do they tell us abouthow the government sought to persuade people to join the army? Use details from the sourcesto support your answer. No prior knowledge of either the sources or of World War I is requiredto answer this question.

2. Why did so many people join the First Crusade?

3. To what extent does Mary I deserve her nickname 'Bloody Mary'?

4. How great was the Great Reform Act of 1832?

5. Choose any leader that you have studied and explain the extent to which he/she was successfulin achieving his/her aims.

6. 'Political power comes ultimately from the barrel of a gun' [Mao]. Do you agree? Refer tohistorical examples in your answer.

[Page 1 of 4]

History Section - Sources Insert for Question 1

Source A Source B

Are YOU in this? G0J> S*V 'IK*

Source C Source D In 1914 the German navy had shelledthe coastal town of Scarborough. Women andchildren were among those killed.

These images are taken from the 'GCSE Modern World History' textbook by Ben Walsh

SECTION 2: GEOGRAPHY

1. Discuss the ways in which the development of plate tectonic theory revolutionised ourunderstanding of the geography of the Earth's surface.

2. With reference to examples, explain why the position and shape of coastlines change overtime.

3. Describe and explain the pattern of mean annual rainfall across the British Isles.

4. With reference to one or more settlements that you have studied, describe and explain the waysin which the function of a settlement can change through time.

5. The Tata Nano (the world's cheapest car) has recently been unveiled in India. EvaJuate rheadvantages and disadvantages of this for economic development and the environment.

6. Define and discuss the concept of 'sustainable development' using examples that you havestudied.

[Page 2 of 4]

SECTION 3: DIVINITY

1. Old Testament

Solomon answered, "You have shown great kindness to your servant, my father David, because he wasfaithful to you and righteous and upright in heart. You have continued this great kindness to him andhave given him a son to sit on his throne this very day... Give your servant a discerning heart to governyour people and to distinguish between right and wrong."

(1 Kings 3:6 and 9}

Compare and contrast King David and King Solomon. Who was the better king?

2. New Testament

So Peter and the other disciple started for the tomb. Both were running, but the other disciple outranPeter and reached the tomb first. He bent over, looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did not goin. Then Simon Peter, who was behind him, arrived and went into the tomb. He saw the strips of linenlying there, as well as the burial cloth that had been around Jesus' head. The cloth was folded up byitself, separate from the linen. Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also wentinside. He saw and believed.

(John 20:3-8)

Explain the significance of seeing the linen strips and burial cloth. What is this passage teachingabout belief?

3. Judaism

Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe,Who hast sanctified us by thy commandmentsAnd hast taken pleasure in usAnd in love and favour hast given us thy holy SabbathAs an inheritance, a memorial of the creation -That day being also the first of the holy convocations,In remembrance of the departure from Egypt.For thou hast chosen us and sanctified us above all nationsAnd in love and favour hast given us thy holy Sabbath.

(from the Kiddush)

With reference to this extract from the Kiddush, discuss the significance of the weekly celebrationof Sabbath in the Jewish home.

4. Islam

Marriage is positively enjoined in Islam, and young people are urged to marry with the explicit objectiveof avoiding exposure to sexual temptation. 'Young men, those of you who can support a wife shouldmarry, for it keeps you from looking at women and preserves your chastity' says one of the hadiths.Under the Shari'ah the marriage contract is a legal contract sanctioned by the divine law. It is not, as inChristianity, a sacrament.

(Malise Ruthven Islam)Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Muslim attitude to marriage.

[Page 3 of 4]

5. Christianity

Worship is, however, a very peculiar thing. If I were convinced that it always involved a process inwhich human beings in community came to share in a real, living experience of the vision of God's gloryin and through Jesus Christ, I would have no hesitation in agreeing that worship is the very essence ofChristian believing, the power source from which all Christian living draws its strength...Much worship isdull. Some of it is damaging. Occasionally it is scarcely recognizable as a Christian activity at all. Sowhy do we continue to engage in it?

(John Puddefoot What about Christianity?)

With reference to Christian worship give a reply to John Puddefoot's question.

6. Buddhism

Thereupon the Buddha turned to his Disciples and said to them; 'Everything comes to an end, though itmay last for an aeon. The hour of parting is bound to come in the end. Now I have done what I coulddo, both for myself and for others. To stay here would from now on be without any purpose. I havedisciplined, in heaven and on earth, all those whom I could discipline, and I have set them in thestream. Hereafter this my Dharma, O monks, shall abide for generations and generation among livingbeings... when the light of knowledge has dispelled the darkness of ignorance, when all existence hasbeen seen as without substance, peace ensues when life draws to an end, which seems to cure a longsickness at last. All conditioned things are subject to decay. Attain perfection through diligence.

(The Buddhist Scriptures)

What is Buddhism about? Discuss the ideas from the Buddha's final words in the passage above,

7. Hinduism

Since water is a natural cleansing agent and essential to life, a pool or river in a sacred piace isregarded as a means of washing away sins and entering a new life. The seven sacred rivers of Indiaare all associated with pilgrimage. All bad karma from previous misdeeds in this and previous lives canbe washed away... The highest motive for going on pilgrimage is to seek spiritual liberation or moksha.This religious journey provides a unique opportunity to engage in some soul searching and deepcontemplation.

(Veronica Voiels Hinduism)

Discuss the nature and purpose of Hindu pilgrimage.

8. Sikhism

'In the plate are placed three things: truth, contentment and meditation. The name of the Lord, thesupport of all, has also been put therein. Whosoever eats this food will be free from sorrow'

(Guru Arjan in the Guru Granth Sahib)

Discuss how Guru Arjan's metaphor describes the purpose and use of the Guru Granth Sahib.

[end of paper]

[Page 4 of 4]


GENERAL II (One and a half hours)

Answer two questions.

Marks will be awarded for clear, interesting and considered arguments.

Spend about 45 minutes on each question.

1. Under what circumstances might human cloning be acceptable?

2. Should health care be free?

3. 'Teenagers shouldn't have children.' Discuss.

4. 'It is better to read the book than see the film.' Discuss.

5. To what extent is monarchy an outdated institution?

6. How should a nation choose its leader?

7. 'It is impossible to prove the existence of God." Discuss.

8. Is private education justifiable?

9. 'Artistic worth is only a matter of opinion.' Discuss.

10. Is religion a force for good in the world?

[End of paper]

Documents

Eton College King's Scholarship 2008 Examinations Papers