UG470 U5d no.0220

S-C -

Synthesis guide for cross-country

movement

Alexander R. Pearson

Janet S. Wright PROPERTY r'I. q~E

EOOKS ARE ACCOUNTA~lt l'LF..:,sr C')

lo "N \"1 '0\IJIDU l B/ t M .. ~ .... C' -·n i'" f\ !"'" \''11 ..,, . ,,,

N01t t:1-m -10 ow£. .. ;, . . . J

'iOU,., :CLf

FEBRUARY 1980

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES

FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA 22060

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

(.,J Lf-0 0 S'O UGLf-70 IJc~J I .._,.J.

no. IJ ::O', :2 O UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Det• Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

L REPORT NU,.BER r GOVT ACCESSION NO. ]. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

ETL-0220 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT II PERIOD COVERED

Technical Report SYNTHESIS GUIDE FOR CROSS-COUNTRY MOVEMENT (Report No. 4 in the ETL series on Guides for 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

Armv Terrain Ani'llvsts) 7. AUTHOR(•! 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(<)

Alexander R. Pearson Janet S. Wright

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA II WORK UNIT NUMBERS

u. s. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Fort !Jelvoir, Virginia 22060 4A762707A855

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NA"'i' AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories February 1980 13. NUMBER OF PAGES

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060 98 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a AODRESS(ll dillerent from ContrnlllnQ Olfice) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (ol thla report)

Unclassified tsa. DECL ASSI Fl CATION/ DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ul thh Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the eb•tract entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on r•v•r•• •ide if nec••aary and Identify by block number)

Tra ffi ca bi 1 i ty Vehicle Mobility Off-Road Mobility Cross-Country Movement

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on rever•• aide II neces•"ry and Identity by block number)

This report provides step-by-step instructions for compiling a cross-country movement map from previously prepared factor overlays. The i nfor-mation on the factor overlays is combined, or synthesized, manually with or without the aid of a simple mathematical model. Three synthesis methods are given: ( 1 ) using a mathematical mode 1 ; ( 2) using a mathematical model with a programab 1 e calculator (HP-97), and (3) using a qualitative, non-mathematical procedure.

DD FORM 1 JAN 7l 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When D•ta Ent.r•d)

Preface

This guide for cross-country movement (CCM), is one in a series of Analysis and Synthesis Guides to be produced. It is anticipated that after some modification to format and content these guides will be published as Department of Defense Technical Manuals. In this regard, critical comments and suggestions are requested by the authors.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Messrs. A.O. Hastings, A.H. Reimer, and H.F. Barnett, Terrain Analysis Center U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories (ETL) in the development of the CCM synthesis procedures, and of Messrs. R.J. Orsinger and K.O. Kurtz Geo~raphic Sciences Laboratory, ETL, in the design of the calculator program.

This study was conducted under DA Project 4A762707A855, Task C, Work Unit 11, 'Military Geographic Analysis Technology. 1

This study was done under the supervision of A.C. Elser, Chief, MG! Data Processing and Products Division and K.T. Yoritomo, Director, Geographic Sciences Laboratory.

COL Daniel L. Lycan, CE was the Commander and Director and Mr. Robert P. Macchia was Technical Director of the Engineer Topographic Laboratories durina the report preparation.

{

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

I. Introduction 6

I I. Mathematical Model and Synthesis Procedures -Computed Without a Programable Calculator 8

A. Introduction 8

B. Procedures for Factor Calculation 11

c. Procedures for Constructing the Complex Overlay 33

0. Procedures for Computing Speeds 47

I I I. Mathematical Model Approach Using Programable Calculator (HP-97) 54

A. Introduction 54

B. Procedures 57

IV. Qualitative Method - No-Model Approach 85

A. Introduction 85

B. Procedures 86

v. Appendix Forms 96

2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Illustrations

The Cross-Country Movement Mathematical Model

Sample Slope Factor Overlay

Sample Vegetation Data Table 1

Sample Surface Roughness Factor Overlay

Sample Soil Data Table

Sample Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Table 1

Sample Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Table 2

Bank Conditions Analysis

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas Added

Sample Vegetation Factor Overlay

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas and Vegetation Added

Sample Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation and Watercourses Added

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation, Watercourses, and Surface Roughness Added

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation, Watercourses, Surface Roughness, and Slope Added

Sample Soil Factor Overlay

Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation, Watercourses, Surface Roughness, Slope and Soil Added

Sample Completed Complex Overlay with Area Numbers Added

Sample Completed CCM Manuscript

CCM Program Card for the XM-1 and M-60 Tanks

3

PAGE

8

12

15

20

22 & 23

27 & 28

29 & 30

26

34

35

37

38

39

40

42

43

44

45

53

60

21 HP-97 Calculator

22 Inserting Program Card into Card Reader Slot

23 Inserting Program Card into Window Slot

24 Specific Vehicles Printed on the Program Card

4

60

61

61

61

TABLES

1 Sample Slope Factor Table (S 1 ) for M-60 Tank

2 Sample Vegetation Factor Table (F 1/F2 ) for M-60 Tank

3 Sample Surface Roughness Factor (F 3T/F 3w) Table for Tracked and Wheeled Vehicles

4 Sample Soil Factor Table (F40/F4w) for M-60 Tank

5 Sample Movement Analysis of Drainage Features for M-60 Tanks

6 Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1

7 Categories for Speeds and CCM Map Units

8 Sample Speed Predition Tabulation Sheet #2 for M-60 Tank

9 Vehicle Performance Characteristics

10 Precalculated S1 for Selected Vehicles (kph)

11 Approximate RCI \lalu_es for Wet and Dry Seasons

12 Glossary of Symbols and Terms

13 Qualitative Thresholds for CCM

14 Calculator Program Flow Chart

5

PAGE

13

16

21

24

31 & 32

48

50

58

90

91

92

93

94

95

I. INTRODUCTION

Cross-country movement maps enable commanders to judge the relative ease of off-road movement for foot troops and vehicles. Off-road movement can be easy or difficult, depending on several terrain factors and on the ability of troops or vehicles to cope with certain terrain factors. The terrain factors include vegetation, slope, drainage, surface roughness, built-up areas, and soil. These factors are mapped on terrain factor overlays. The cross-country movement (CCM) map shows the combination of these factors and prediction of their combined effects on the movement of men * and machines. This combining of factors and their effects is called synthesizing. The CCM map is, then, a synthesis of terrain factor overlays.

This synthesis guide shows three methods of combining specific terrain factor overlays and using their legends and tables to determine speed categories for specific vehicles. Two methods use a simple mathematical model to determine speed categories. Thethird method uses a qualitative approach to determine movement categories. These methods enable the pro· duction of one CCM map for each type of vehicle concerned; i.e. one CCM map will not provide movement data for more than one type of vehicle. ** If movement data for more than one vehicle is required, more than one CCM map will be required.

The synthesis process means taking specific factor overlays out of the data base, placing a sheet of frosted mylar on the overlays one at a time, and tracing all the map unit boundaries on the different overlays onto the single sheet of mylar. This sheet of mylar, called the Complex Overlay, will become the base from which the CCM map will be made. Wjth the math modei, speed values for the combined factors on the Complex Overlay can be found. With the qualitative method, general speed categories for the combined factors on the Complex Overlay can be created without using a mathematical model.

The following diagram shows the basic steps in the general synthesis process for CCM:

* Cross-country movement for foot troops is not treated in this guide.

** In some instances, the map can present data for more than one vehicle, but the computations must be done separately for each vehicle and also for each season.

6

COt<'\Pl..EX

i

Synthesis Process

I_ ™'HD I MYLA~

(,tfw\ Ml\P

MANUStRIPT

7

II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL A~_D SYNTHESIS PROCEDURES - COMPUTED WITHOUT A

PROGRAMABLE CALCULATOR

A. Introduction.

The mathematical model used in this guide* enables the analyst to assign an expected maximum vehicle speed to specific terrain. The model is a sequence of simple equations that take the maximum vehicle speed for an unobstructed flat surface and reduce that speed by calculated factors representing terrain elements that would prevent a vehicle from achieving its maximum speed (figure 1). These calculated factors reflect the slowing effect of certain slopes, vegetation, soil, surface roughness, and watercourses.

S2 = 51 x F1 or

51 x F2

51 = speed after slope effect (kph)

M = vehicle maximum speed (kph) 5 = slope (%)

G = vehicle gradability (%)

S2 = speed after vegetation and slope effect (kph)

stem spacing - mean stem diameter - vehicle width F1 = 2 x vehicle width

(stem diameter)2

x vehicle width Fz = l - (vehicle override diameter) x (stem spacing)

S3 -=ftnal :,--pee-cl after surface -rougt1ne~~. vegetation, and slope effect (kph)

F3 = a factor ~l by which surface roughness reduces vehicle speed

54 = speed after soil, surface roughness, vegetation and slope considered (kph) '

F = Rated Cone Index - Vehicle Cone Index, l pass 4 Vehicle Cone Index, 50 passes - Vehicle Cone

Index, l pass

Drainage hindrance is evaluated only as GO or NO GO.

Figure l. The Cross-Country Movement Mathematical Model

The equations in the m?del are solved at different staqes in the synthesis process. In section~· ~1. (~peed after the effect of slope is considered) and F1 through F4 (1nh1b1t1ng factors for vegetation, surface

*An experimental model developed in the Geographic Sciences Lab., ETL.

8

roughness and soil) are calculated, and water obstacles are analyzed. In section C, factor overlays for slope, vegetation, watercourses, surface roughness, and soil are combined (synthesized) to create the factor complex overlay. In section D, vehicle speeds are computed for each area on the Complex Overlay.

The following summaries and illustrations show the sequence of analysis steps found in these sections:

Flow Diagram

Compute S,, F,, F2, F3 ,~ F40 & F4w and Do Drainage Obstacle Analysis.

Slop~ fa..c:.,t;~, ~)&rl ... 1

ve. c.. E r.A.T\ON .Dl'<t"A T .... e\- .. 1.. (••<.- ~)

So 11- pa.:t a. T,.\>ls. FIC. !) 1

W ... 'flaA.... (...Ou(.l."°EC;.. t; WA'T .. fl. 0t>P1ao;, !) Al,._ TA(b\,..E 1.. " - )

W."1'E~ COUC\.\.E''S t; W"'1"~FL 8C.9tE*> i)""T,e... 1.-.~\.-E 1..

( ··~ , )

S lo po.. 'ta.c tor la\,\e, ( s, l (Ta.ble.. ~l

Ve.,. Tu.to• IO\t (f., "•) ( Ta..l>\L 2..)

Surf 'R:ouc,h"'e.. .SS t .. c.tol"' T&.b\L-

( v.> (T .. 1>1c. 3.)

$0 11..- '.fa..<-\0, la.bl•­

( f'4p, '•N) (Ta. b\e. +)

j)R>.1N~GE fw'\6-.J'E h"lllNT

AM•L~~·s (Ta.loll~)

Prepare Factor Complex Overlay.

I

9

Prepare Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet & Compute Speed for each Map Unit on Complex Overlay.

Ta.ale 2.

I I

:i 1'ea1> f>Al!DIC-TloN Ta.bulATt•,. :>i<e:&T t; I

Ta.11\e, ')

11e:o,. Sul\f. Rouclc\4. '"' '-

Assign Speed Classes to each Map Unit, Trace Complex Overlay, and Complete CCM Manuscript.

51' !!:"ED PREt>lC.T\ON 1'l'P.>IJ1 ... •mo,., ~11e.e:T ~ I

(. "Tl\~1..1!. c,)

10

B. Procedures for Factor Calculation

Step 1. Determine vehicle(s) for which the CCM map(s) is (are) being prepared, and whether the CCM map will be for the wet or dry season or both.

Step 2. Refer to the vehicle performance characteristics in table 9.

Step 3.

already Step 5. to Step

a. If the vehicle under consideration is listed below, S1 has been calculated and listed in table 10, therefore, proceed to If the vehicle under consideration is NOT listed below, proceed

3b to calculate S1 •

Vehicle

X-Ml

M-60

T-62

T-72

b. Pull the Slope Factor Overlay out of the data base (figure 2). Using the leqend for this overlay, make a Slope Factor Table like that in table 1.

Step 4.

a. Calculate S1 for each map unit in the legend of the Slope Factor Overlay by substituting vehicle values and slope values into the followin9 equation and solving the equation:

where:

S1 = M - (S~(M)

S1 = vehicle speed adjusted for slope effects.

G = vehicle gradability in percent (%), found in table 9.

S = highest slope in map unit category in percent (%),found in table 1.

M = vehicle maximum speed in kilometers per hour (kph), found in table 9.

11

1: 50, ooo USI\ ETL

J.1Ui1£ /t/D

A. o -3 ~ D. 'o -·H 1. e,. j -ID~ E. '15- {~ :t C.lb-5/JfaF. 1vo•

JV. W•te1>

PODUNK

SLOPE

Figure 2. Sample Slope Factor Overlay

12

MAP UNIT

A

b

c p

t.

F

Table 1

SLOPE s, (%) (kph)

) 45.b

10 40

30 24

15 I i_

"o 0

> ~o 0

NO GO

x x

S = M - (S) (M) 1 G

M = Max. Vehicle Speed = 48 kph S = Ground Slope, % G = Max. Slope Vehicle Can Negotiate= 60%

Table 1. Sample Slope Factor Table (S1 ) for M-60 Tank

13

Sample Calculation:

Given: G = 60%

s = 10%

M = 50 kph

Then: s = 50 - ( 10) ( 50) 1 60

= 50 - 500 60

= 50 - 8.33

= 41.67 kph

b. If S1 < .5, the speed situation is NO GO . Mark an o:x 11

under the NO GO column in the Slope Factor Table (table 1) for map units where S1 < .5.

c. Record in the Slope Factor Table (table 1) the value of S1 for each map unit.

Step 5. Pull Vegetation Data Table l (figure 3) out of the data base. (Retain the Slope Factor Overlay for later use.) Make a Vegetation Factor Table like that in table 2. Fill in the Map UnH and Stern Spacing columns using the information listed in Vegetation Data Table 1. Fill in the Mean Stem Diameter column with the numbers in that column on Vegetation Data Table l divided by 100. For example, if a mean stem diameter listed on Vegetation Data Table 1 is 18, then .18 must be listed on the Vegetation Factor Table (table 2).

Step 6.

a. Find the override diameter in meters for the vehicle concerned (table 9).

b. Compare the mean stem diameter in meters to the override diameter value for each map unit recorded in table 2. If the mean stem diameter (SD) is greater than the override diameter (OD), i.e. SD> OD, calculate F1 as shown in "c" below. If the mean stem diameter (SD) is less than or equal to the override diameter (OD), i.e. SD< OD, calculate F1 as shown in "c" below and, also, F2 as shown in 11 g11 bel0w.

c. Calculate F1 for each map unit in table 2 by substituting vehicle values and vegetation values into the following equation and solving:

14

....... Ul

t1A.~ LJl'~'T

1['f...,.;1F1("i'..llOf\.

I

2. ~

4' ~

i ~

& 'l 10 II

I{

!'Ii 14 IS IL 11 lFi I~

lo ~I

ll

NU!,'EER S1E'.1S '-TR ~~EC:T All!:

-IOD

JIO 11•0

-~~o -

.Ho -~o

;so I 00•

-IOo

15 --

~· II~

'loo ll~1

foo

~.~f- fl N ST[',I

["1A'.1 L""

-ll l5 ~3

-l~

-~

-,0 5~

~1

-15 I?

--~o

I~

*1 )O I\)

VEGETATION DATA TABLE 1 STEM DIAMETERS, CANC)PY HEIGHT AND CANOPY CLOSURE

NU~,'CE!l F,'.-i.. ~· STr~.· c:,\f.'E~E"f< rt_As~ PEP ._.E,-1Ar~E ST[U

' '',' ,_, 70- 75- 80-.i 90- iooJno-Sf~Ar:NG <- -' ~0- .: ~' 30- :::.s ,, 45- 60 (":'- 120- 130~11.io-. '2 "- ,,

35 .:1J 4': 50 ''" 65 -- 75 80 85 100 110 120 130 140 150 ~-

,-~ '"' '(r• (f" -~ "' 1cm\ c :cm) ,- .. , cmc ,., cm .cm ) \Cml 1cm1 ,'cml 1Crnl 1cm, 1crn\ <cm

11-1 5 l~ 110 ~ 10 5 H ,, 7 ~ 11; 7 s J_

H 5o 100 15 75 ~O( 1So .:too

-~-4- 10 ~o J~S 100 )1 -

70 )j 5o 11? l5 .is ~5

-IS 'l B 35 5 ,_

1-0 ID 30 10 ll( )5 50 H too 100 'io 5w IOo ~o 100 -

11-l 1; 75 ll 12-1'1 1; 5o ? 5 --

15,1 5 ~lj 4 3 10,, t'i 15 Jl

n ,l~ 'D ,5 so 5J.5 n 10 <lo So ~,\ ~ tlo loo 115 5~ Ill ~o 74 I~ ).~

4.1\ .ls 5o 'io ,15D 5o 'iO )_)

Figure 3. Sample Vegetation Data Table 1

•:E_."..I\, >•E'Gr-<T O' l ,\"..['r'Y r:._('C:.LIP[

150 : 'r' '' L,_,,., .. .._. err. •.•.\>:; -'!._I". (_>(_:T

rem 'C' !-•.•" ···s >[H 1::,y C:.[l' ['[ l.

- - - - - -& ~ 40 4-0 4D lfo s 3 ?o 5o ?D 5o I(, 5 5o Eio IDD ,0 - - - - - -B 1 BO go !'JO 50 - - - - - -s 3 I? ito SD 4-b - - - - - -

~o 4 4b 5o ~o 5D n- 3 100 100 100 I Do

14- J. io Y,o so go - - - - - -4 I I~ l!J ~D Jo 4 J.. ;to ~D 4o ;o - - - - - -- - - - - -~o 4 ~o 5D 1D 10 4 t r.o ~o ,0 ~o

14 A_ ,. s ~o too ~o

I~ 3 3o ~o 100 ,0 ~o 5 \DO \DI IOI I bO

MAP UNIT

I

2.

~

4

5

" 7 8

" IO

I\ ,~

I~

14

15

lb

11 IP,

I~

'-b 21

n

STEM MEAN SPACING STEM DIA.

(m) (m)

- -11. l • :J.I

'l ~ . "5

~ • .,'.!. .?,~

- -G..4 . ). (, - -?.o .40 - -

15·? .~o

lo .R~

3.5 • ~!)

- _.J

It. I · 15 1i.& · 15

- -- -

15.? ·6D 10. 3 • ' li

~·'f . 4.2

~.\ . ?ib

1.~ ·~'

F,

-1.0

,S!

- .10

-.~5

-·41

-J.o ~

.35

-.06 -

1.0 1.0 ~

--

J.O t-.:ct.. o.qo

-.os

-. II

. 05

NO F,

GO

-

x -

-

-

x -;~

~

--

~

x )(

SS - SD - W F,::. 2W

(SD) 2 x W F2 = 1-(0D) 2 x (SS)

• If SD > OD find F, only. • If SD .S OD find F, & F

2

and use largest positive value.

• Neither F, nor F2 can exceed 1. If F value exceeds 1, reduce to 1.

(F, :j> 1, F2 :j> 1)

• Neither F, nor F2• can be less than 0. If F value is 0 or minus, passage is blocked, use 0.

(F, { 0, F2 { 0)

SS = Stem Spacing SD = Stem Diameter W = Vehicle Width (3.63m)

OD = Vehicle Override Diameter (.15m)

Table 2. Sample Vegetation Factor Table (F,/F2 ) for M-60 Tank

16

F _ SS - SD - W 1 - 2W

SS = stem spacing in meters, listed in table 2.

SD = mean stem diameter at breast height in meters, listed in table 2.

W = vehicle width in meters, found in table 9.

Sample calculation:

Given: SS= 7.6 meters

Then:

SD = . 25 meters

W = 3. 63 meters

F 1 = 7. 6 - . 25 - 3. 63 7.26

= 3. 72 7.26

= .51

d. If F1 is greater than 1, (F > 1), let F1 equal 1, (F 1 = 1). Record the value 1 in table 2. 1

e. If F 1 is less than or equal to 0, (F 1 ~ 0), let F 1 equal 0, (F 1 = 0). Record 0 in table 2, and mark an 11 X11 in the NO GO column of table 2.

f. If F1 is between 0 and 1, (0 < F 1 < 1), record the calculated value in table 2.

g. Calculate F2 for each map unit where the mean stem diameter (SD) is less than or equa1 to the override diameter (OD), i.e. (SD< OD), by substituting values into the following equation and solving: -

H (SD) 2 F2 = 1 - ~OD)2

SD= mean stem diameter at breast heiqht in meters, listed in table 2.

W = vehicle width in meters, found in table 9. OD= vehicle override diameter in meters, found in

table 9. SS= stem spacing in meters, listed in table 2.

17

Sample calculation:

Given: W = 3.63 meters

SD= . 15 meters

SS= 11 . 1 meters

OD= . 15 meters

Then: F = l _ (3.63~ (.15~2

2 (11.1 (.15)

= 1 ~3.63~ ~ .0225~ 11.l .0225

.082 = - .250

= l - .328

= .672

= .67

h. If F2 is less than or equal to 0, (F 2 ~ 0), let F2 equal 0, (F 2 = 0). Record 0 in table 2.

i. If F 2 is greater -than ur ~{Jual -to 1, (F 2 .:_ 1), let f 2 equal 1, (F 2 = 1). Record 1 in table 2.

j. If F2 is between 0 and 1, (0 < F2 < 1), as in the sample calculation above, record the value of F2 in table 2. For the sample calculation, the value .67 would be recorded in table 2.

Step 7.

a. In table 2 there may now be some map units which have values for both F

1 and F2 • Compare these values to see which is larger.

b. If the F 1 value is 1 arger than the F 2

value, (F 1

> F 2),

cross out the F2 value on table 2.

c. If F1 equals 0, (Ft 0), and there is no F2

value, place an "X" in the NO GO column.

d. If F1 and F2 are both 0, (F 1 = 0 and F2 = 0), place an "X" in the NO GO column.

18

e. If F2 is larger than F1 , (F 2 > F1), cross out the F1

value on table 2.

f. If F1 and F2 have the same value, (F 1 = F2 ), cross out the F1 value on table 2.

Step 8. Pull the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay (figure 4) out of the data base. Using the legend on the overlay, make a table like that in table 3.

Step 9.

a. Pull the Soil Data Table (figure 5) out of the data base. Make a Soil Factor Table like that in table 4.

b. Use the information in the Soil Data Table to fill in the map unit column of table 4 with each map unit's number and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) symbol for the top 15 to 30 cm (centimenters) of the soil, if available. Record the associated RCiary and RCiwet for this soil layer as found in the Soil Data Table. (If this specific layer of soil is not given on the Soil Data Table, simply use what is given.)

c. For map units with the following Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) symbols shown on the Soil Data Table, fill in the F4 DRY and F4 WET columns on table 4 with the number 1:

uses SYMBOLS

GW GP SW SP

d. For the remaining map units on table 4, calculate F4

DRY and F

4 \·JET using the fol lowing equations:

where F 4D =

F4W =

RCID =

RCI - VCI 1

F 4D = VCI~o - VCI 1

speed reduction factor owing

speed reduction factor owing

to

to

RC! - VCI1

VCiso- VCI 1

soil i n dry state .

soil i n wet s ta te .

rating cone index for the soil type under dry conditions, found in the Soil Data Table (figure 5) or table 11.

19

/: 5 0, ooo IJSA.E(i-

fO.DUN\(

St!l<EACE ~P//t;/11/E~'S

obstacles-;. /.'!Im /Jijlt w / tJ••r

te,. fie• I luer: ,,.,,~41" mlllW

;ioint +

'The legend for surface roughness given here is for illustration purposes only. At the time of printing, surface roughness categories were still under development as part of the forthcoming Terrain Analyst Guide for surface configuration. It is anticipated that the final surface roughness categories will be as few as four: smooth, irregular, broken, rugged.

Figure 4. Sa!l'ple Surface Roughness Factor Overlay

20

MAP TRACKED VEHICLE

UNIT (F3T)

1 1

2 1

3 .9

4 .5

5 .3

6 .2

7 .1

8 NO-GO

WHEELED VEHICLE

(F3w)

1

.9

.5

.3

.r

NO-GO

NO-GO

NO-GO

Note: F3 Values are the same for all Tracked Vehicles and for all Wheel­ed Vehicles

Table 3. Sample Surface Roughness Factor Table (F 4r/F 4w) for Tracked & Wheeled Vehicles

21

N N

MAP UNIT

NUMBER

I

2

:J,

4

5

"

HORIZON

A

e c.

A.

B

c

A 11 (',

A (;

c

A.

fJ

c..

A I!:>

c,

SOIL PROFILE

DEPTH (Cm)

0-10

to- le? ZCS -~o

0 - 2o

lll-40 40 -{oO

o - 'Z.o ~-40 40- ':5o

0- ?o 3o-4o

40 - ?o

0- /0

/0-40

40 -'?D

o- Zo Zo-?o '?o-??

SOIL .DATA TABLE

DEPTH STATE OF GROUND RCI TO

uses BEDROCK STONINES~ REMARKS

SYMBOL (m) J F MA lt.1 J JA so ND WET DRY

5c. 2.'S 9 F WW .. •• 111 -.I ~D I~

C-L

' Hll Ao H "1111 "'Ill "111 11111

VJ "' 15 JI?

HL c. ll

G'J ~ 5 F 1v1u "'"' MM vJM VIW JOO J(,,']

GD SP

c. (.. (#0 5F 'of"" r.i"' ,.. .... 40 1t.'5

c..,.\

ML

GP la:> s,:: w ....

\J w"' 0o J{oOl

HL

C...J.l

jp (.{) 5 i:: WW "' >I •01 ~w WW Bo J'>O

5-../

'3C...

Figure 5. Sample Soil Data Table

N w

MAP UNIT

NUMBER

'7

8

9

lo

II

IZ..

HORIZON

A

f>

c,

A

" c

A

e,

(,

A

e, c,

A

B

t

A

B ~

SOIL PROFILE

DEPTH uses (cm) SYMBOL

0- z.i C,t...

zi-~ SC

SO-? f-IL

0- l'? ti\

1"7-2.'3 Ge.

l?-~ ~I,./

D - '70 G'P

10-100 Gw

100 - lUl G-C..

0 - '2o 01.1

?.o - 4o Ci-\

~o-? 51-11

D - "lO ML

~-3o C..L

)C>-? ')C_,

0 - 4c /1L.

4o - 'So 51-1

5~ -~o Mi.I

DEPTH STATE OF GROUND RCI

TO(m) STONINES- REMARKS BEDROCK DRY

J F MA MJ J A so ND WET

7 5 r:- "'"' "'"' IOI MW w iJ t!o Vi~? .

l.oo 7F l\o/,111 IW M M Ii o,~ "'"" lo~ 140

?o s ~1- MM i'DM H H 80 !Co~

7 '5 i: WW iww "'\.. IN W "'\ti ? 110

7 5 r: ww WIH MM c; '1 '#w z.., Ila

3o 5 r:-: WW ww ~~ HllO w"" t'i rto

Figpre 5 (Continued).

SOIL FACTOR TABLE FOR M-60 TANK

MAP

UNIT

i (~~)

J.. (~I\)

~ (~11i)

4 (ci.)

5 (Ct.Pl

(p ls?)

1 Lei.)

& (Cl\)

9 ( ((p)

10 (011)

I\ (f.\L)

IZ (ML)

DRY

RCI F40 No-Go RCI

l~D .k.-'J i. 50

115 .k6-i l ')

L

1z5 A- 10

t

i

ll5 A 40 110 ~ b?

!

110 .J!.:8- 5

l~D fe ~5

llD ft )5

WET

F4w

.~5

-.2.

L

.,i;

~

{.

·'' .BB ~

-.44

D

0

No-Go

x

x

x

I-

F _ RClo - VCl1 30 - VClso - VCl1

F _ RClw - VCl1 30 - VClso - VCl1

RCl 0 = Rating Cone Index, Dry State

RClw = Rating Cone Index, Wet State

VCl1 = Vehicle Cone Index, one pass

VCl50 = Vehicle Cone Index, fifty passes

Table 4. Sample Soil Factor Table (F40 & F 4w) for M-60 Tank (F 4 cannot exceed 1.0)

24

RCiw = rating cone index for soil type under wet conditions, found in the Soil Data Table (figure 5) or table 11.

=vehicle cone index for one pass, found in table 9.

VCI 50 =vehicle cone index for 50 passes, found in table 9.

Sample Calculation:

Given: RCI 0 = 46

VCI 1 = 45

VCI 50 = 60

Then: F4D = 46 - 45 60 - 45

1 = I5

= .07

Record the F4 values for these map units in table 4. If any F4 value is greater than 1, (F4u > l or F4w :::> lL- change it to_ 1, (F4-D = 1 or F4w_ = 1 ).

Step 10. Pull the ~latert'ourses and Water Bodies Data Tables (fiqures 6 and 7) out of the data base. (Put the soil overlay aside for later use.) Usina the Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Tables, make a Movement Analysis of Drainage Features table like table 5.

a. List the feature (watercourse or water body) ID number in the first column of table 5, and the segment letters in the second column.

b. Refer to the vehicle performance characteristics table in table 9 and extract the following performance characteristics; record in ta bi e 5.

25

PERFORMANCE COLUMN OF CHARACTERISTIC TABLE 5

Max. fording depth w/o snorkel 4a

Max. vertical obstacle height 5a

Vehicle approach angle 6a

Max. stream velocity vehicle 7a can cross (m/s)

Vehicle Cone Index, 1 pass (VCl1) Ba

c. Use Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Tables 1 and 2 (figures 6 and 7), and enter the data for each segment of each feature in table 5. If only a dry season CCM map is to be prepared, enter data for dry season only. If only a wet season CCM map is to be prepared, enter data for wet season only. If CCM maps are to be prepared for both wet and dry seasons, enter data for both wet and dry seasons. As each entry is made, compare it with the preceding entry in the row for the vehicle performance. If the watercourse value exceeds that of the vehicle -performance, re1:0rd NO GO -i-n the fol lowing space and stop the analysis for that segment.

Bank height and bank slope conditions are considered together as shown in figure 8.

BANK BANK MOVEMENT HEIGHT SLOPE CONDITION

>Vehicle Vertical >Vehicle Approach No Go Obstacle Capability Angle

>Vehicle Vertical <Vehicle Approach Go Obstacle Capability Angle

<Vehicle Vertical Any Go Obstacle Capability

Figure 8. Bank Condition Analysis

26

set LE OF BASE MAP 1 50 000 USAETL

HYOROGRAPH!C FEATURE

ID LOCAL SEG NO NAME

CLASS LETTER

I ~.t. ~ °" z ~ ~ a..

" ~ tu..IS ~

0., Ctw:.. 1:7

A. Ab.Dr.a> b + Cmt. %iu, e

d. e.

"-ii Q.

s Crest-~ Ii t tJ..,

" d:;M, ~ ~

DAY GAP

WIDTH IN

METERS

i.

1'5

1A

J4 1:Z..

n tD ~

40 fiO/i'jO

14

to 31

~

11

5561 Ill 5561 I 5561 IV 5561 II

5561 Ill 5561 111 V733

Watercourses artd Water Bodies Data Table 1 5560 IV 5560 I 5560 IV July 2001

SEASONAL DEPTH, WIDTH AND VELOCITY 'INFORMATION BANK INFORMATION

HIGH WATER CON01T!ONS LOW WATER CONDITIONS RIGHT BANK LEFT BANK

WATER MAX CROSS SECTION WATER HEIGHT SLOPE HEIGHT SLOPE

DEPTH {M) WlOTH VEL DEPTH (Ml WIDTH VEL IN IN DISCHARGE SKETCH MONTH($) IN MONTH(S)

ME~~R< IN DEGREES MATERIAL IN DEGREES MATE.RIAL CU M/S

M!N MAX METERS MPS MIN MAX MPS

METERS MIN MAX METERS MIN MAX

~M" o.s 1.0 10 1.1 ~ q.~ o.s , l.t 1.? 10 12. G>P l.O t IZ. GP 140

~ o.t 0.5 i h ~ q.J o.; " t.o o.5 10 IZ. :;,c,, o.I) II> - GR t50 fiLv J.o J.J JC, Z.'> ¥ ~-S o.1 IZ. J.'} t.o 6 - CJ.- '·" n.. 15 CL ~

i.lo.v O.? O.(, 10 '2.1 ¥ q.o Ot. 3 o.c;, O.(i, - r. I-Iii 1.1.. 1 Jo l'\il J'SO Hl.v o.S l.o 1'5 Z.o ':qt q.Z o.S 10 o.1 Z.z. 'ii 10 ~u t.o 10 ll e,11 Zoo ~ o.I o4 1"2. z.w ~

0.0 o.z. s o.~ 1.z. IO - 'l(.. z.o I? to ~ l?o ~ 0.1 o.c, ,, 1.') o.J 04 11. l.O t.o " - Gf 3.o IO - GP ZoO

~ M 1.0 i.c; t.o 'kr 0.2. o.w ~ o.i 1.1) ~ 1') GP 2.o (, - GP ~

~ J.(, f..') -.,.;; (.') ~ '1.0 I.? "Jo o.c; l.C, '1 - s.i 1.0 o4 - oH ~

~ Z.o ~.? 40/1~ l.o ~ J.? Z.o 'h/wi l).? 4.o Jo IZ. '"' o.z. ' - ot.\ Ito:)

~ 01 04 10 lb Sqt- ~" oi. i J.o t.O " 10 ~ l.t> 1.. '} ~ 100

~ o.~ o.s· 19 l" 9qt 0.1 04 l'l l.O ~.o - ? Cl-I 2.o - 4 C.M l?D

~ o.? J.1. Zr; 1.s <xpt p.~ o . ., ti G.? h r; 10 es 4.,. c.. to c.~ t.oo ~ J.? t.? ;? J.o ';Xpt J.o Z.o 5o o.? 24 lo - ll.. 4 - 5 c& z.;o

~y D?, 0.'5 iq o.ti 'Jept p.o O:? '" O.Z I .D ~ JO CL o.<o 'i 1? CL 'l

Figure 6. Sample Water~ourses and Water Bodies Data Table 1

N co

SCALE OF BASE MAP 1 50.000

USAETL

HVOAOGAAPHIC FEATURE

ID LOCAL SEG CLASS

NO NAME LETT EA

'Piaie. OJ 1 ~ St~

b

°" "Po.to- b

111ol:t. ~ t ~illtV

c.. 0-e.

().,

~ I~ ~ I? C..«J<.

c,

DRY GAP

WIDTH IN

METERS

II

16

1?0/t.o

1.ot/;..

~/4oo

l';o/r:zs n'>/400

'(.,.

,0 4o

5561 Ill 5561 I 5561 IV 5561 II

5561 Ill 5.""61 Ill V733

Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Table 1 5560 IV 5560 I 5560 IV July 2001

SEASONAL DEPTH.WIDTH AND VELOCITY 1r..)FOAMATION BANK INFORMATION

HIGH WATER CONDITIONS LOW wAfER CONDITIONS RIGHT BANK LEFT BANK MAX WATER WATER H1:.luH ~L~l"t:. Ht:.luH ~Lu"c DISCHARGE CROSS SECTION

MONTHtS) DEPTH (M} WIDTH VEL DEPTH (M) WIDTH VEL IN IN IN CUM/$ SKETCH IN MONTH{ SJ MlN MAX IN DEGREES MATERIAL DEGREES MATERIAL MIN MAX METERS MPS METERS MPS METERS MIN/MAX METERS MIN/MAX

11&¥ oi o.'> , I .'i Sept o.b M ' o.t z (. IO tlof , 10 llo c.1-1 loo

Hll¥" D '? l.O "' l.S° $q>t o.t.. O.lo IO 0.1 4 LO e '1 L z ,,. - ~(.. 1oo

'\GY 3.o 5.o 100/ rt~ 2.o 5q>t z.o -;.o 1~/i;;o l.O - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ -f-lo.y ~-· •;.o 176/'lMl Z.o Sc,+ 'Z.O S.o loe/11~ l.o - - - - " ~ '5 ~ -Mo.v ~.5 5.5 '1'o/?><:o 2.o Sept U; J.~ Zoo/tto l.O - - - - o. !) - !Ji t1t, -M:..v ~.o 5.o loo/too Z.o Sept t .• 3.o '1'5/150 1.0 s to "° ea -l-1o.v ~.o 5.t; ?.o./¥.o Z.o ¥ z.i!i ~.s Z../fM> 1.0 10 ti; "° Ct:. -Mu... o.4' 1.0 rz. c.e; Sq:it o4 o.i. 10 o." 4 ID 14 SH z - ·~ ~ -~ I.? 2 .• it; t.t; ¥ I.cl 1.s 1P o.? 5 l'> '%. i;14 ~ - ,.

~ -Mia- !.o 1.0 ~ Z.o ~ I.~ ~ 3Z. O.'$ 5 - 10 s.1 " t. - 4.4 -

Figure 6 (Continued).

N l.O

HYOROGRAPH!C FEATURES

ID LOCAL SEG CLASS NO NAME NO

I ~~: ... ~1\'Um 0..

1 ... ~ .:i. t ~~a S~t.ui b

Wool.~ a. ~ ~

St~tt.m b a.. b

~ ~tA.~Ct> 5tf~ ~tf.tlL c,

a. e,

0..

5 ~.\Ct\\ ~ b t~m ..

c ~

(, 'o:i.~ ~IT\ ~

rp«1t ().

7 ~II.~ 5~\'W\ b

Watercourses ant;i Water Bodies Data Table 2

BOTTOM CONDITIONS TIDAL INFLUENCE WATER OU ALI TY ICE CONDITIONS OBSTACLES

DAILY ANAL YSlS NO.OF ICE DAYS PER MONTH MAX SLOPE

MAX MIN RANGE ID SAMPLE ICE ID MATERIAL IN GEN 1 2 3 • 5 6 ' 8 9 10 , , 12 DESCRIPTION SKETCH

MOS MOS IN NO DATE THICKNESS NO DEGREES

METERS CHEM PPM 1rng L1 CLASS 1CMl

"p 1. - - - - - - - - ? 15 I b o D 0 0 c 0 0 2 10 -~ ... ., - - - - - - - - ~ I~ I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :1 l (0 -Ct~ l - - - - - - - - ~ IS I 0 0 0 0 0 0 " 0 ,. 10 -~p ., - - - - - - - - ~ 15 I 0 () 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,. lO -c;.~ l. - - - - - - - - 5 1; I 0 0 0 0 0 C> 0 0 l lO -

Roc.v. 4 - - - - - - - - s 15 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 -U'll ' - - - - - - - - 5 IS l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 10 -&.~ l - - - - - - - - s IS l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l (0 -e:..s J. - - - - - - - - 5 lS I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 u -Iii~ I - - - - - - - - 5 IS I 0 0 0 0 D 0 D 0 1. \~ -

P-otY. 4 - - - - - - - - ~ I~ I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i [O -Cl~ ' - - - - - - - - 5 IS I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :i \0 -~ l - - - - - - - - 5 15 I 0 " 0 0 0 f.) 0 0 l \0 -Sc, .l. S IS I 0 0 0 0 0 C> 0 0 l lO

5~ l - - - - - - - - s 15 I tl 0 0 0 0 C> 0 0 l \0 -c..~ ,. - - - - - - - - 5 15 I 0 I) 0 0 0 0 0 b 2. lO -C\I. ) - - - - - - - - ~ 15 I 0 0 0 0 0 b 0 0 2 ID -

Figure 7. Sample Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Table 2

w C>

HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES

ID LOCAL SEG CLASS NO NAME NO

0..

~ P~in•Y1 b

~~~tAn\ t R~tf ~

e 0..

~ ~~'~

St\'f.Olll b 'f,11~ Ct'ttl(.

Cr

BOTTOM CONDITIONS

SLOPE MATERIAL IN

DEGREES

ML I

t-\L I Ml I

M\.. I

KL l

Se -

C\\ -

tl. -

Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Table 2

TIDAL INFLUENCE V:'o/ATER QUALITY ICE CONDITIONS OBSTACLES

DAILY ANALYSIS NO OF ICE DAYS PER MONTH MAX

MAX MIN RANGE ID SAMPLE ICE ID GEN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 , 1 12 DESCRIPTION/SKETCH

MOS MOS IN NO DATE THICKNESS NO

METERS CHEM PPM (mg Ll CLASS (CM)

Ar r11.~ \.0 - - - - - 5 15 I ' 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 2 I~ -

~\II: 1-i"I 1.0 5 15 I 0 () 0 () 0 0 0 0 .:I. 15 - - - - - -ir 'l'~ 5 15 ( 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 15 (.o - - - - - l -~ 5°v.\..\ \.O - - - - - 5 15 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 15 -~t· J14i\ \.O - - - - - 5 I~ I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 15 -

- - - - - - - - s ,, l 0 0 0 () 0 0 0 0 2 I' -

- - - - - - - - ~ I~ I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a. 10 --- - - - - - - - 5 '' I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • ~ lO -

Figure 7 (Continued).

MOVEMENT ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE FEATURES FOR M-60 TANK 1 2 3 4a 4b 4c Sa Sb 6a 6b 6c 7a 7b 7c Ba Bb Be

WATER DEPTH BANK HEIGHT AND BANK SLOPE WATER VELOCITY BOTTOM CONDITIONS

ID VEH

WATER VEH BAm< BANK WATER BOTT SEG SEASON FORD GO VEH GO VEH GO VCI GO

NO DEPTH

DEPTH NO GO HEIGHT AA SLOPE NO GO (mpsJ VEL NO GO RGI NO GO (m) 1m) (m) 1m1 I I n \mps) WET

I CL Wei' IZZ I. C> Co -~1 t.1 4? JO &.o ~4 ?>. I &o 'ZI? ~ «o Tm{ o? ~o 1.6 (;<> Go

Wc.t I. 'Z.L 0.6 ~ -~f o.~ 4? 10 G,o ~-4 ~-0 f'.o '2? ')o Go a.. J>l"-j 03 t.o G.o '2. Go (,O

b We-t- I. Z7. f I (;,o -~1 z.~ 4? 1<? c.o ~-4 l.0 Go zt? "?o C:.o 'J)r..i 07 Go f .17 Go G.o

Wu I n ll<o C,o .9J 1.i:. 4? 1 Go ?4 21 Go 217 So Go 0... Dn,i o.z Go 0 i;; Go G.C> 3 .

Wet l 2Z /.0 Go .91 z 2 4? JC> G,c, ?4 '2. 0 bo 'le\ ~o rso I? ~ o? Go 07 b-o G0

Wet I Zl 04 Cl..

Ge .91 "" z .0 4? "' (',,.o 34 2-"' Go 1.'7 l<Oet. Go

Pw 0 '2 Go O'? Go Gu

t::> !Jet I. 'ZZ. D.fo Go • '31 '3.'o 4? 10 be 34 l? r~, z_C) "'A> Go

Ikv DA C,,o f .o <So c,u

4 WU 1.22 I .o Go . .,, z'.o tl? e bo ~4 Z.o &o -zC, 'Do Gu c. Tuv 0.(o Go DB ~ &>

d I.Let I .TI. t,, >{o..(,Q . .,, 4? -:i.4 ~ I." No-&o

~ I. 'Z.'l. :3.'7 "-t,.f.;10

e.- "Pry 'l.o 1\4,.Go

We-I- 1.zz 0.4 G:, ·"' 2:0 4? "' &o ?.A 'l .o C,o 2'7 Roe.~ (;o Cl.

Th-11 1$0 Go o.z J .o r.o

\? Lt.lo \.'ll o.c; C,-o .11 ~.'o 4"? &] G.o ~-4 2 .0 ~o 'Z~ l3o Ge-

? D..-.r 0.4 0C> 1.o G.o C-<e:

Luu l. Z2 \.Z Go _,, !>.' <> 4? (p c.o o.4 1'7 i;(> 'l.t; <7)6 Ge c., DN 0.9 Go

I),, Go Gl·

Wet I. zz Z.'> No.&e> d.. D-.i 2.o No-6o

Table 5. Sample Moveme,nt Analysis of Drainage for M-60 Tank

w N

ID NO

G,

7

i

~

SEG

Cl

IL

b

a.

D

~

d..

c.

a.

b

c,

MOVEMENT ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE FEATURES FOR M-60 TANK

WATER DEPTH BANK HEIGHT AND BANK SLOPE WATER VELOCITY BOTTOM CONDITIONS

SEASON VEH WATER GO VEH BANK VEH BANK GO VEH WATER GO VCI BOTT GO FORD DEPTH NO-GO HEIGHT AA SLOPE NO-GO VEL NO-GO RCI NO-GO

DEPTH (m) (m) (m) n n (mps) tmps)

We,-t- I --ZZ o.11 Go .'511 f .O a-:; '7 G-o 34 08 Go 2_1] Bo Go

"Pn.i o.? Go 02 t;.o G"

Weit I .-zz o.<5 (;., ·"1 3.o 4? 10 Gso 34 I.!) Go ZS ch Go

ThJ I>.? Go 0 'l Go G" w 1.22 1-D (;., ·"" 4.o 4? 10 Go ?-4 \ .o G" 2'? (p~ G.

~ Ob (;,., OI Go Go

~ 1.zz ?C> No-Go ."JI a<> .;_4

Dr.i ?.o "1o.6o W« I -22. ?.o klo.c;., -~' .4? ~4

!}" ?.o !Jo.Go

~ J.-zz '5 'i M,.Go .~I 43 ;.4

J:V..i 3.? IJo-bo lutt l.ZZ 7-o /Jo.{,o .".:ii LI~ ?4 lk.i 3.o ).\o.f,o

w I .'Zl 7.IJ No-Go ."JI A? =3.4

~ '-3.? No-66 ltJet 1-22 I .o l1o ·"'' 4.o A? l'3 (;o 3.4 1-t> C,o 2-'i ?e> Go

.Dv-.i O.b &o o.r,, Go Go

Wei l.ZZ 'Z 0 No.bo _,,, .11..1 1.? No.Go

Wet r.n 1 .• !Jo.be .91

~ 3.o No-Go

Table 5 {Continued).

C. Procedures for Constructing the Complex Overlay.*

Step 1. Decide which type of Complex Overlay is to be prepared, based on the type of CCM map to be produced. If only a wet season CCM map is to be produced, base the Complex Overlay on data for wet season conditions only. (The sample Complex Overlays in this part of the guide are for the wet season.) If a dry season CCM map or both wet and dry season maps are required, base the Complex Overlay on data for dry season conditions.

Step 2.

a. Take the film positive or the lithographic map and aerial photos out of the data base. Place them on a table. Take a clean sheet of frosted mylar, the same size as the film or lithographic map, and place it, frosted side up, on top of the film or litho map. Pin-register them or tape them together. Trace the corner tick marks on the mylar with a black fine-line pencil. Trace the neat line on the mylar lightly with a blue fine-line pencil.

b. Look through the mylar to find the built-up areas. They will appear as clusters of building symbols or sometimes as tinted areas. Using a black fine-line pencil, draw an angular outline that will tightly enclose clusters of building symbols or tinted areas that cover an area larger than this circle ~ .** Color in these outlined areas with a

red fine-line pencil as in figure 9. (Aerial photos may be used to update the extent of the built-u_11 area5-.)

Step 3.

a. Remove the mylar sheet (which wil.l now be called the Complex Overlay). Pull the Vegetation Factor Overlay (figure 10) out of the Data Base. Put the Complex Overlay on top of the Vegetation Overlay. Pin­register (or match corner ticks and tape the sheets together).

b. Trace all the lines of the Factor Overlay onto the Complex Overlay with a black fine-line pencil. Do not draw any lines through colored areas already on the Complex Overlay. If a new line nearly coin­cides with a line already drawn on the Complex Overlay, and the space between them is smaller than this c:J***, do not draw the new line.

* Based on procedures devised by A.O. Hastings, Terrain Analysis Ceqter, USAETL.

2 ** Represents an area of .25 km at 1:50,000 scale (dia. 5.6 mm).

*** 100 meters at 1:50,000 (2 mm dia.)

33

\:50,000

USAETL

I

PODUNK

CROSS- C.OUNTR'f MOVEMENT COM?LEY. CJ'IERLA'/

M-IOOW£T

-l I i

- !-----·-·--··-.. -·-----·-.. - ----· .. ___________ J -

I I

55<01 1I.

V784-

Figure 9. Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas Added

34

': 50,000

USAETL

MAP LE GEN 0

PODUNK 'IEGETAT\ON

IOBN-20- <00

UNIT 1tE1-.HT(l"1)

Cz.s N-2'0- so-CANoPY C.LoSURE

N- NEEDLE. LEAF ("/.) 8· E!IRoAO LEAF NB· MIXED

12 N· I+· 80

Figure 10. Sample Vegetation Factor Overlay

35

c. Referring to table 2, note all the vegetation map units that are NO GO. Color these in with a yellow fine-line pencil as in figure 11. Ignore areas smaller than this circle~ .

Step 4.

.a. Remove the Complex Overlay from the Vegetation Factor Over­lay. Put the Vegetation Factor Overlay aside for later use. Pull the Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay (figure 12) out of the data base. Place the Complex Overlay (which now may have red areas, yellow areas, and black lines on it) on top of the Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay. Pin-register (or match corner ticks and tape).

b. Trace and color in all drainage features shown as NO GO during the dry season in table 5 with a blue fine-line pencil as shown in figure 13. Trace all drainage features shown as NO GO only during the wet season in red.

Step 5.

a. Remove the Complex Overlay from the Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay. Put this Factor Overlay aside for later use. Pull the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay (figure 14) out of the data base. Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Surface Roughness Overlay. Pin­register (or match corner ticks and tape).

b. Trace all the lines of the Factor Overlay onto the Complex Overlay with a black fine-line pencil. Do not draw any lines through colored areas already on the Complex Overlay. If a new line nearly coin­cides with a line already drawn on the Complex Overlay and the space between them is smaller than this circle ~, do not draw the new line.

c. Look in table 3 and find all the NO GO Surface Roughness map units. Looking through the Complex Overlay, find any NO GO areas on the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay and color them in with a yellow fine-line pencil as in figure 14.

Step 6.

Overlay. Puli the register

d. Trace all relief obstacles in red.

a. Remove the Complex Overlay from the Surface Roughness Put the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay aside for later use.

Slo e Factor Overla (figure 2) out of the data base. Pin­or match tick marks and tape).

36

PODUNK

CROSS- c.ouNTRY MOVEMEWT CoMPLE}( OVERLAY

f'l-"o WET

D

55"/ JI V7 o 4-

Figure 11 . Sample Complex Overlay with Built -Up Areas and Vegetation Added

37

/: So,o()D USA~iL

J.{.f,,{,llD

........ -·-·-------

P~Dt/AIK IV,.9~&.()(JllS4 5 ( H/A n,11., &,c/t~:s

. 'j'

I @I

I I

Dry dll' Wiit/i .::3~tlfl'S '-10 m~ltrs 10-11 mettl'S 18 ·J'f "11fll'J .Jf·JI tntlvs H ·So mtft,.J ) fl 11efHt

•'

© me11t /.0. ~ ., ft,. ('411,. s e. No .

51111,,,f CN/ IL°"t ~

-#1 1~~i,Pf,Af/, I N'1h ( _/IM/ I

-Mr, •" #w_-1.141) SI. l IM. · 8'11< "!' ~

1561 .:c V7~

r::; w~t AhJ•s ~ 1#,.t/Sile

F

'Y~~f"'J •)

Figure 12. Sample Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay

38

f : 50,000

USAETL PODUNK

CROSS-COUNTRY MOVEMENT COM?LE.)C OVERLAY

f\ - r,,o WET

D

55<ofll.

V784-

Figure 13. Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation , and

Watercourses Added

39

f :So,ooo

USAETL PODUNK

C.ROSS-COUNTR'{ MOVEMENT COMPJ...EX OVERLAY

M-GO WET

55fO{JI

V734-

Figure 14. Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas, Vegetation , Watercourses, and Surface Roughness Added

40

b. Trace all the lines on the Factor Overlay onto the Complex Overlay with a black fine-line pencil. Do not draw any lines through colored areas already on the Complex Overlay. If a new line nearly coincides with a line already drawn on the Complex Overlay and the space between them is smaller than this circlec:). do not draw the new line.

c. Look in table 1 and find all the NO GO slope map units for the vehicle under consideration. Find these NO GO areas on the Complex Overlay. Color them in with a yellow fine-line pencil as in figure 15.

Step 7.

a. Remove the Complex Overlay from the Slope Factor Overlay. Put the Slope Factor Overlay aside for later use. Pull the Soil Factor Overlay (figure 16) out of the data base. Pin-register (or match corner tick marks and tape).

b. Trace all the lines on the Factor Overlay onto the Complex Overlay with a black fine-line pencil. Do not draw any lines through colored areas already on the Complex Overlay. If a new line nearly coin­cides with a line already drawn on the Complex Overlay and the space between them is smaller than this circlec:), do not draw the new line.

c. Look in table 4 and find all the NO GO soils for the season (wet or dry) being considered. Find these NO GO areas that appear on the overlay. Color them in with a yellow fine-line pencil as in figure 17.

Step 8.

a. Remove the Complex Overlay from the Soil Factor Overlay. Put the Soil Factor Overlay aside. The Complex Overlay now has many uncolored, irregularly shaped and sized areas formed by all the inter­secting black lines drawn on it.

b. Starting in the upper left corner of the Complex Overlay, number these uncolored areas from left to right, consecutively from 1 to 99, in such a way as to number a rectangular portion of the sheet (figure 18) .

c. Draw a heavy black pencil line around the border of the large rectangular area. This area is now Sector A. Label the sector by putting a letter A in a conspicuous spot, as in figure 18.

Note that figure 18 represents only a portion of a map sheet and therefore has only one lettered sector. Most Complex overlays will have several hundred numbered areas and several sectors as shown in the diagram below.

41

f :50,000

USAETL PODUNK

CROSS-COUNTRY MOVEMENT COMPLEX OVERLAY

A-roo WET

55~1 JI V734-

Figure 15. Sample Complex Overlay with Built -Up Areas., Vegetation , Watercourses , Surface Roughness , and Slope Added

42

j: 50, 000

USAE!\..

lE~ENO

ii(ML)

l1•p ()Nr& >1" -t (~p)- 11scs S11'111HI I'" Sv~/tles J.~r~" { !{) .- E'itf'!tt{ l/()cl< af Sv,./11e ( w} ..-ofe,. w,,.fer

Figure 16. Sample Soil Factor Overlay

43

55Ed JI: V7~4

f:5o,ooo

USAETL PO OUN K

CROSS- C.OlJNTR'( MOVEMENT Coi"\PLE.)( OVERLAY

M-GJO WET

55Col II V1.34-

Figure 17. Sample Complex Overlay with Built-Up Areas , Vegetation , Watercourses , Surface Roughness , Slope, and Soil-Added

44

f:So,ooo

USAETL PODUNK

CROSS- C.OUNTR.Y MOVEMENT COMPLE.X OVC.~LAY

M-"O WE:.T

55'11 JI

V7!Jf.

Figure 18. Sample Completed Complex Overlay with Area Numbers Added

45

d. Repeat the numbering and sectoring process until the overlay is covered. (The last sector may have less then 99 areas in it.) Label the sectors left to right, top to bottom, alphabetically, A - Z (figure 18 and below).

Lettered Sectors

46

D. Procedures for Computing Speeds.

Step 1. On a separate piece of paper prepare a Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet for each sector like that in table 6.

Step 2.

a. Retrieve the Slope Factor Overlay. Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Slope Factor Overlay (figure 2). Register.

b. Go to Sector A, Area 1. Look through the Complex Overlay, (or pick up the corner) to see what slope map unit lies under Area 1. * Record this map unit on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1 on the row for Area 1 under the left slope column.

c. Go to table 1 and find the S1 Factor that corresponds to the slope map unit for Area 1. Record this number on the row for Area 1 under the right slope column.

d. Repeat steps b and c until all numbered Areas in Sector A are completed. (If it is discovered that an area was mistakenly not given a number, at this time simply assign it with the number of its left neighboring area plus a small letter, e.g. la. Insert la between 1 and 2 on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1.)

e. Repeat steps band c for all remaining sectors until all the numbered areas on the overlay have been given S1 values.

Step 3.

a. Remove the Slope Factor Overlay from.the Complex Overlay. Put the Slope Factor Overlay back in the data base.

b. Retrieve the Vegetation Factor Overlay. Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Vegetation Factor Overlay. Register.

c. Go to Sector A, Area 1. Look through the Complex Overlay, (or pick up the corner) to see what Vegetation Map unit lies under Area 1. Record this map unit on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet on the row for Area 1 under the left vegetation column.

* In some cases, a single area of the Complex Overlay may lie over parts of two map units on the factor overlay because of omission of lines that nearly coincide during the complexing phase. Use the factor map unit that occupies the greater portion of the complex area.

47

SPEED PREDICTION TABULATION SHEET #1 :er ~l'lr A

SLOPE VEGETATION IR~~~';f'N~ cc SOIL CCM - Dry CCM - Wet Area

Map S1 Map F, F2 s2 Map F3 S3 Map F4D F4W IS4c S4W Map Unit Map Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit

I fl 4o I - - 4o 4 .5 z. I I .9; to 11.o ' 4

t. fJ 4o t. 1.0 4o 4 .s t. I I .ss to 11.o ' A

~ 6 4o 10 1.0 Ao 4 .s Zo I I .'$ z. 11.o • 4

4 (; 4o ~ - - 40 4 .5 Z6 I I .$ 2" 11.c. ·3 4

6 c. 7A c. -~ Ui 4 .$' 4.! .4 I .~ 4.i i.r .. s , "' c.. 1A "' .~ \Jf, I I •u. 4 I .~ &.t.. Z.1 4 s 1 A ~.t. (p -~ IS.~ I I I~.~ 4 I .~ 1'7.S S.I 4 " ' B 40 1 - - 4o I I 4o 4 I .~ 4o l~.1. I 4

t:? f> 4o $ .4o '"'

I I '" 4 I .~ .I" 5.~ 4 i;

IO c.. fA i Ao 9~ 4 .'S 4i 4 I .?; 4.f> /.C- 5 5 II c.. u i .4o .,,lo I I qJ, 4 I ,,; '·" ~:z 4 5 IZ c. 14 (, .34 I.It. I I 9., 4 I .~ 'b.t. t.1 4 " I~ c. 1A ·1 - - Z4 I I ZA 4 I .~ 74 ~.D ~ 4 14 c, 1A 7 - - ZA 4 .5 i'l 4 I·* 12. 4.o 4 i;

15 A 45.C. 10 I 4SJ I I i.dC.J 4 I.~ 4?£ I'S I 4 IC. A. 14is.t. 7 - - 14?.r. I I ~I. 4 I .~ 4'' IS I 4 11 A 14s.i. .., - - 45.1 I I~' 4 I ~ ~ ,., I 4 1i 'D .it r. .34 4.o 4 .5 2.o 4 I ·* 2.~ .fk r; ')

19 'D It (, .34 . A.a ~ .1 O.! 4 ! ·* o.% ;1J, 1? " lt> a 4o .3 .S? ?b.'6 4 .s lolf. I I ,J', loA f.7 4 ' 2.1 c.. 2A 10 I 2A ~ ·' ZJ.t. I I .S5 1J.(, l/.'I ' 4 tt (; 4l> " - - 4o z I 4o I I .?S 4o 2"t I ~

t~ v 11. 10 I IZ 4 .5 "'

I I $ (, H " ? Z4 D 12 10 I 12. 1 .I 1·2 I I .?.ii 1.2 o.7 5 ? Z5 v It 11 .11 Z.o 4 .s I ') I I I I " '5 ~ D IZ. ,, .11 2.o 4 .5 I s I I I I " ? 'tT fJ 4,, 11 .11

"·" 4 .s M " I I 3~ ;.4 " ? ti D ,z II .17 Z.o 4 -~ I I I $ I . -;t5 i; c; t'1 D IZ 14 /. 12 "' .1. Z4 q I ).0 2A ?A " ~ ~ ei 4o II, - - 4o t I 4o 6 I l.O 4o 4o I I !-1 A 14i;.1.. 13 - -

"*'" 4 .s 1tj ~ I .88 tz: Zo ~ ~

~ c. t4 14 I. 24 4 .5 l'Z. q I l.b ll It. 4 4 ~ .6 4o 11 /. 4o I I 4o 7 I .~ 4o 1~.z l 4 34 8 4~ 11 - - 4o I I ~ i I .fi 4o $.Z I z ~ A ;!?.(, 1'1 - - ~ I I 141\f. 1 I .~ 45 " 15 I 4

Table 6. Sample Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1

48

d. Look in table 2 and find F1 or F2 that corresponds to the vegetation map unit under Area l. Record this number on the row for Area l under the right vegetation column. (If there is no F1 or F2 value, record a dash).

e. Find S2 by multiplying by F1 or F4. Record the value for S2 on the row for Area l under the S2 column. llf there is no F1 or F2 value, then S2 equals S1 • Record the S1 value under the S2 column).

f. Repeat steps c, d, and e until all numbered areas in Sector A are given vegetation numbers on the tabulation sheet.

g. Repeat steps c, d, and e for all remaining sectors until all numbered areas on the overlay have been given S2 values on the tabulation sheet.

Step 4.

a. Remove the Vegetation Factor Overlay and return it to the data base.

b. Retrieve the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay. Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay and register.

c. Go to Sector A, Area l. Look through the Complex Overlay (or pick up the corner) to see what Surface Roughness map unit lies under Area 1. Record this map unit on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1 on the row for Area l and under the left surface roughness column.

d. Look in table 3 and find F3 that corresponds to the Surface Roughness map unit under Area l. Record this number on the row for Area l under the right Surface Roughness column.

e. Multiply F3 by S2 to find S3 , i.e., S3 = F3 x S2 • Record the value for S3 in the row for Area l under the S3 column.

f. Repeat steps c, d, and e until all areas in Sector A have been given S3 value numbers.

g. Repeat steps c, d, and e for all remaining sectors.

Step 5.

a. Remove the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay and put it back in the data base.

49

b. Retrieve the Soil Factor Overlay and place the Complex Over­lay on top of it. Register.

c. Go to Sector A, Area l. Look through the Complex Overlay (or pick up the corner) to see what soil map unit lies under Area 1. Record this map unit on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1 on the row for Area l and under the left soil column.

d. Look in table 4 and find F40 that corresponds to the soil map unit under Area 1. Record this number on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1 (table 6) on the row for Area 1 under the right soil column. Then do the same for F4w if a wet season CCM map is required.

e. Multiply F40 by S3 to find S40 , i.e., S40 = S3 x F40 . Round off the answer to the nearest whole number, e.g. 8.50 = 9 and 8.49 = 8. Record the value for S4n in the row for Area 1 under the S40 column. Then do the same for F4w to find S4w·

f. Repeat steps c, d, and e until all areas in Sector A have been given S40 and/or S4w values.

g. Repeat steps c, d, and e for all remaining sectors.

Step 6. Categorize the S4n and S4w values into CCM map units according to table 7, and record in the CCM map unit columns of the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #1 (table 6).

Table 7. Categoires for Speeds and CCM Map Units

SPEEDS (kph) CLASS CCM MAP UNIT#

>40 Excellent 1

33-40 Very Good 2

17-32 Good 3

8-16 Fair 4

.5-7 Poor 5

<.5 NOGO 6

Built-up Area NOGO 7

50

Step 7.

a. Place a clean sheet of frosted mylar on the CCM dry season Complex Overlay. Pin-register (or tape) the sheets together. Trace the corner tick marks with a black fine-line pencil. Trace the neat line lightly with a blue fine-line pencil. If a CCM dry season map is desired, continue to Step 7h. If a CCM wet season map is desired, go NOW to Step 8.

b. Trace the outline of all red areas with a black pencil. Label them with the map unit number 7.

c. Trace all dry season water obstacles with a black outline and a blue fill. Single line streams may be all blue.

d. Over each numbered area showing through the mylar, write the dry season CCM map unit number for that area.

e. Trace the outlines of all numbered areas with a black pencil, omitting lines between areas with the same map unit number.

f. Trace the outlines of all yellow areas, omitting lines between adjacent yellow areas. Label them with the map unit number 6.

g. Trace with a red fine-line pencil all relief obstacles.

h. Match all four sides of the last sheet of mylar, now called the CCM dry season maunscript with the completed manuscripts for the ad­joining map sheets. Make sure that conti-nutn-g- map- unitr du-, indeed-, conti rrue­onto the next sheet.

i. Place the legend in the appropriate place on the CCM manuscript as indicated in figure 19.

Step 8.

a. Place a clean sheet of mylar on top of the CCM Complex Over­lay. Trace corner ticks with a black fine-line pencil, and neat lines with a blue fine-line pencil.

b. Trace the outline of all red areas in black. Label them with the map unit number 7.

c. Trace all wet season water obstacles with a black outline and a blue fill. Single line streams will be all blue.

d. Over each numbered area showing through the mylar, write the CCM wet season map unit number for that area.

51

e. Trace the outlines of each numbered area in black, omitting lines between areas with the same map unit number.

f. Trace the outlines of all yellow areas, omitting lines between adjacent areas. Label them with the map unit number 6.

g. Trace all relief obstacles in red.

Step 9. Match all four sides of the last sheet of mylar, now called the CCM wet season manuscript, with the completed CCM wet season manuscripts for the four adjoining map sheets. Make sure that continuing map units do, indeed, continue onto the next sheet.

Step 10. Place the legend in the appropriate place on the CCM manuscript as indicated in figure 19.

52

MAP UNJT

l 2 3 +

MAX . SPEE' D ~PH)

> +o .33- 4-0 17 -32 8-J~

PODUNK

c Ros~- COUNTRY MOVEMENT MAP

M-r,,o WET 5EA50N

MAP t'IA.X . ~PEED d WATl!R o&STACLE UNIT (KPH) - l.lNeAR IU!LIEF O&STACLc

5 .S-7 + POINT ~ELIEF 066T,l.CLE

" NO-GO 7 8UlLT-UP AREA.

Fi gure 19. Sa mple Compl eted CCM Manuscr ipt

53

55(o/ :rr V734-

III. Mathematical Model Approach Using Programable Calculator (HP-97)*

A. Introduction

The mathematical model shown in figure l, which yields an expected maximum vehicle speed for specific terrain, can be put into a programable calculator, such as the HP-97 (see program flow chart, table 14). In the next section, instructions are given for using the programable calculator in the synthesis process.

The following diagram summarizes and illustrates the steps in the next section:

Flow Diagram

Do Movement Analysis of Drainage.

'(V,..iliOQ.... (O...iR.~E<, t-; WAT&.fl_

eof'1ec, ".)ATA T,>.r::,1.-e: 1_ . ~ 'c.. - " )

"'A1'i:..R Coo..>R\.E"~ t; WATIE.R... Ol-!JtE~ i)""T'P.... "T'"A~\,-E. 2.

( t=' ~ ..., )

I

Prepare Factor Complex Overlay.

* Other programable calculators may be used.

54

l'\OYEl>\~J'lT Nl'I :'I \S <>1' \>~NJ:\GE° (Ta.g\e; 5)

Prepare Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 and Enter Data onto It from Factor Overlays and Factor Complex Overlay.

!>pee:o Paeo\ic::-TloN Ta.'oulll.TI•,. :H•U.T i>Z

(l .. 01e, 8)

AR.E" I ''~Pl! I ve.o.- I SuR.f. Rou(cll. I '°'' \...

55

f-.J-t/f(1R_ COMp1-.t..t I'~ Eel~ .... ,\

"'"'I GGM Oil~ 'HllT

Program the Calculator, Enter Data From Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2, Calculate Speeds.

,.::..~:~,.:•;~~;•o;i ~

AU"'I ,,.,. I "·"· Sul\r. tto"""4· 1 '•''- ""'I c:c:"" Cllil'I waT 0

5"'£.U> c::J c::J DDOC=:J

~ . c:::::J. D 0-0 coacoc 0 CJ 0 0 0

ooccao .. p o·o tJ a caoccc DD DOD ccccoo . ccccu::ic ·c:::::J D CJ 0

Assign Speed Categories to Each Map Unit, Trace Complex Overlay, and Complete CCM Manuscript.

5@n:p P~E:l>IC.TION i'~V."T\0~ ~l\U.T f2

C ~ M MAP IJNll'i ("t"M11.I. 7)

56

B. Procedures

Step 1. Perform a movement analysis of drainage features as required in section II B, Step 10.

Step 2. Prepare a Factor Complex Overlay as required in section II. Show built-up areas and drainage obstacles, but do not show other NO GO areas It is not necessary to compute S1 or any of the F values at this time. ·

Step 3. On a separate sheet of paper, prepare a Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2, as in table 8.

Step 4.

a. Retrieve the Slope Factor Overlay. Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Slope Factor Overlay. Register.

b. Go to Sector A, Area 1 on the Complex Overlay. Look through the Complex Overlay (or pick up the corner) to see what slope map unit lies under Area 1. Record this map unit on the Speed Prediciton Tabulation Sheet #2 on the row for Area l under the left Slope column. Under the right Slope column, labeled "value", write the highest value for that map unit. For example, slope map unit A may include slopes from 0 to 3 percent. In this case, record A in the left Slope column, and 3 in the right Slope column as in table 8.

c. Repeat Step b above for the remaining areas in Sector A.

d. Repeat Step b and c above for the remaining sectors on the Comp 1 ex Overlay.

Step 5.

a. Remove the Slope Factor Overlay from the Complex Overlay. Put the Slope Factor Overlay back in the data base.

Table 1. Register.

b. Retrieve the Vegetation Factor Overlay and Vegetation Data Place the Complex Overlay on top of the Vegetation Factor Overlay.

c. Go to Sector A, Area 1. Look through the Complex Overlay, (or pick up a corner) to see what Vegetation Map Unit lies under ~rea 1. ~ecord this map unit in the row for Area 1 under the left Veaetat~on column on the Speed Prediction Tabulation ShePt #2. Look on the Veqetat1on Data Table l and find the stem soacing value and the mean stem diameter value for that map unit. Convert. the stem diameter value from centimeters to meters, i.e. 18 cm= .18 m. Record these values in their proper columns in the row for Area 1 on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2, table 8.

57

(J1

o::>

Area Number

I ;J.

3

4 S'

~

7

'("

q to

( l

I~

13 14 IS

( (,,

17 18"

ICi ~

(}./

~~

Slope

Map Unit %

B IO 8 /O

B (0

B lo

c 3o

c 3o

A 3

B 10

B Jo c. 3o

c 3o

c 31:' c 3o

c ..30

A 3

A 3

. Ft 3 .I::> 45 D 45 B fO.

c 3" 13 to

SECTOR A Vegetation Surface Roughness Soil Speed CCM Map Unit Number

::;tern Stem Map Spacing Diameter Map Map RCI RCI Dry Wet

Dry Unit Unit Factor Unit Dry Wet (Kph) (Kph) Wet (m) (m)

'

I (.30) (S) "'*

.5' I 130 So ;10 I/ 3 4 ~ /(. / -~I '-t .s- I 1.:s::i .!P ao ,, 3 4

to 15.7 .4'0 ' Lt • ..s l 135 .So ~o II 3 4 5 ,4 .s I 130 5o ~o 11 3 4 lo "'. 't . :21., 4 .s 4 1-s lfo L+ l , s-(,, '4 .4 .;n. I I 4- 1=15 4o '6 3 .s s b fo.4 .dl.c I I 4 1:2..5 J.io lb ,£'"' 4 s 7 (3o) ls) I I '-I I~ 4o ~ I~ I 4 ~ 7.o .4o I I 4 l~.S Ao J(o 5 4 s-'8" 7.o .40 J; .s 4 1 ';l..5" LJo 5 ;;I. 5 .s 8' 7.0 .4o I I '-I 1~5 4o 10 3 4 .s ~ l,.l.f .:J.G. I I '-I I ;;tS 4=:i 8 3 Lj 5

7 (.»1 (s) I l Lj (~.5 .ljo ~4 8 3 4 7 (3o) ls) ' Lt .s 4 t~S 4o 1a 4 J.j s Jo 15.7 .too I I Lf 1;;is 4" 1-lfo IS I L/

7 (3o) Ls) I I L/ l;;)S 4o lf(.. 15 I 4 7 (3o) (s) J I 4 l~S" Lio 4<o IS I I.(

~ ~.4 • :21, 4 .S 4 1'=2.S. 4o ~ I 5 5' (.. <...4 .~It, le. .1 J..f l~S tio I o. ~?" s ~

3 7.J. .d5 '+ .s I 130 So lo {, 4 s to (5.7 . loo 3 -~ I 13~ 5o c;t~ I~ 3 4 '=t (3o"J ls) ~ I I 16° S-o 'io ~~ d 3

Table 8. Sample Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 for M60 Tank

(If there is no stem spacing or stem diameter value owing to the absence of trees, record a value of 30 for stem spacing and 5 for stem diameter on Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2.)

d. Repeat Step 5c for all areas in Sector A, and then for all sectors on the Complex Overlay.

Step 6.

a. Remove the Vegetation Factor Overlay and put it back in the data base.

b. Retrieve the Soil Factor Overlay and place the Complex Over­lay on top of it.

c. Go to Sector A, Area l. Look through the Complex Overlay (or pick up a corner) to see what soil map unit lies under Areal. Record this map unit on the Speed Predictton Tabulation Sheet #2 on the row for Areal in the proper column under Soil. Find this map unit on the Soil Data Table and record the values for RCin, and RCiw on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 in the appropriate columns under Soil.

d. Repeat 6c for all areas in Sector A, and then for all areas in each of the other sectors on the Complex Overlay.

e. Remove the Soil Factor Overlay and put it back in the data base.

Step 7.

a. Take the Program Card (for the vehicle concerned) out of the Program Card Packet (figure 20). Handle the Program Card with care; do not fold, spindle, or mutilate. If there is no Program Card for the vehicle concerned in the Packet, go NOW to Step 12.

b. Slide the OFF-ON button on the HP-97 to ON (figure 21).

c. Slide the PRGM-RUN button to RUN {figure 21).

d. Slide the MAN-TRACE-NORM button to MAN (figure 21).

e. Hold the Program Card with the white side up, and insert side l (figure 20) into the card reader slot (figure 21) as shown in figure 22. When it is partially into the slot, the machine will take the card. After it is fed automatically through the machine, the card will emerge from a slot at the back of the machine.

59

i CCM ~ Side 1 --- ""'•

1 __ .__ ....... _ ... _ __..__...,1,;c; .. --Side 2 -· XM-1 , M-60 , I , •·r;

Figure 20. CCM Program Card For the XM-1 and M-60 Tanks

Card Reader Slot

R/S

Display

.. , 0

Figure 21. HP-97 Calculator (Source: The HP-97 Programmable Printing Calculator Owner's Handbook and Programming Guide, 1977)

60

Man-Trace-Norm PR GM-Run

Enter

Figure 22. Inserting Program Card Into Card Reader Slot (Source: The HP-97 Programmable Printing Calculator Owner's Handbook and Programming Guide, 1977)

Figure 23. Inserting Program Card Into Window Slot (Source: The HP-97 Programmable Printing Calculator Owner's Handbook and Programming Guide, 1977)

It XM·1 I

CCM

.~ M-60 I T-72 I M151 1

0 0 G ~ 0

Figure 24. Vehicles Printed on the Program Card

61

f. When the card appears and after the feed motor stops running, take the card out of the calculator.

g. Insert side 2 into the card reader slot.

h. After the card appears at the back, slide it carefully into the window slot (figure 21) as shown in figure 23.

Step 8.

a. If a CCM dry season map is required, complete Step 8. If a CCM wet season map is required, go NOW to Step 11.

b. Press the letter (A, B, C, or D) that lies under the vehicle of interest printed on the Program Card (figure 24). The display window will flash for a few moments and then a value will appear. Ignore this value.

c. Starting with Sector A, Area l, read the slope value from the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value into the calculator by pressing the appropriate number keys.

d. Press the R/S button. The display window will flash and a value will appear. Ignore this value.

e. Read the mean stem diameter for Sector A, Area l, from the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value by pressing the appropriate number keys.

f. Press the R/S button. A value will appear in the display window. Ignore this value.

g. Read the stem spacing value for Sector A, Area l from the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value by pressing the appropriate number keys.

h. Press the R/S button. The display will flash until a value appears. Ignore this value.

i. Read the surface roughness factor for Sector A, Areal from the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value by pressing the appropriate number keys.

j. Press the R/S button. The display will flash until a value appears. Ignore this value.

k. Read the RCl-DRY value for Sector A, Areal from Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value by pressing

62

the appropriate number keys.

1. Press the R/S button.

m. The value appearing in the display is the speed for dry conditions. Values .5 and greater are automatically rounded-off to the nearest whole number, e.g .. 5 would be rounded-off to 1. Values less than .5 appear in the display in scientific notation, e.g. 0.2S would look like 2.SOOOOOOOO -01. The -01 indicates that the decimal point be moved 1 placed to the left to give .2S. The number .28 should be entered on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2. Record this value in the DRY SPEED column on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table S).

n. Look in table 7 to determine the dry season CCM map unit number for the above speed. Record this map unit number in the aporopriate column on the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). ·

o. Repeat Steps Sb through Sn for all areas in all sectors.

Step 9.

a. Place a clean sheet of frosted mylar over the Complex Overlay. Pin-register (or tape) the sheets together. Trace the corner tick marks with a black fine-line pencil. Trace the neat line lightly with a blue fine- 1 i ne penci 1 . --

b. Using a black fine-line pencil, lightly trace the outlines for each area from the Complex Overlay.

c. Over each area in each sector showing through the 111Ylar, write the dry season CCM map unit number for that area.

d. Trace the drainage obstacles in dark blue.

e. Erase any lines between areas with the same dry season CCM map unit number.

f. Label NO GO areas showing through the mylar with the dry season CCM map unit number 6.

g. Label red areas showing through the 111Ylar with the dry season CCM map unit number 7.

Step 10. Add the legend and other marginal information as shown in figure 19.

63

Step 11.

a. If a CCM wet season map is required, complete Step 11. If not, ignore Step 11.

b. Follow Part III, Steps 8b through 8j above.

c. Read the RC I-WET value for Area l, Sector A from the Speed Prediction Tabulation Sheet #2 (table 8). Enter this value into the calculator by pressing the appropriate number keys.

d. Follow Part III, Steps 81 through 8n.

e. Repeat III, Steps llb through lld for all areas in all sectors.

f. Follow Part III, Steps 9 through 10, substituting "wet season CCM 11 for "dry season CCM".

Step 12.

a. If these is no Program Card (figure 20) for the vehicle(s)* of interest, and there are no blank cards, proceed with this step. Other­wise, go NOW to Step 13.

b. Make a list of the following vehicle specifications:

Maximum Road Gradability in percent. Maximum Road Speed in kilometers per hour (kph) or miles per hour {mph). -Vehicle -Width in met-er~. Maximum Override Diameter in meters at breast height. Vehicle Cone Index, one pass (VCI 1). Vehicle Cone Index, 50 passes (VCI 50 ). Subtract VCI1 from VCI 50 (VCI 50 - VCI1).

c. Slide the OFF-ON button to ON (figure 21).

d. Slide the MAN-TRACE-NORM button to MAN (figure 21).

e. Slide the PRGM-RUN button to PRGM (figure 21).

* Up to four vehicles can be stored on one card.

64

f. Press the following buttons in the exact order given, substitutin9 VPhicle values where indicated.

Identifies the selected vehicle, e.g. XM-1

Width in meters for selected vehicle, e.g. 3.65 for XM-1 (table 9)

Max road speed in kph for selected vehicle, e. ~. 71 . 0 for XM-1 (tab 1 e 9)

Vehicle override diameter in meters for selected vehicle, e.9 .. 25 for XM-1 (table 9)

65

~

0 [2]) I 4 I\

- -,

~ 0 0 [2J

~

0

Max road gradability in percent for selected vehicle, e.ri. 68.7 for XM-1 (table 9)

VCI 1 value for selected vehicle, e.~. 24 for XM-1 (table 9)

(VCI 59 - VCI 1 ) value for selected vehicle, e.0. ~56 - 24) = 32 for XM-1 (table 9)

66

~

0 0 ~} [2J

D 0 Q

~ D GJ 0 ~ 0

*

Identifies another vehicle, e.9. M60Al

Width of above vehicle in meters, e.9. 3.63 for M60Al (table 9)

Max vehicle road speed in kph for selected vehicle, e.g. 48 for M60Al (table 9)

*-'~Skip this section if only one vehicle is required on the pro9ram card.

67

0 0 0 ~

0 [2J

~

~

Vehicle override diameter in meters for selected vehicle, e.q .. 15 for M60Al (table 9)

Max road 9radability in percent for the selected vehicle, e.q. 60 for M60Al (table 9)

VCI 1 value for the selected vehicle, e.9 . . 25 for M60Al (table 9)

VCI 50 - VCI 1) value for the selected vehicle, e.9. (70 - 25) = 45 for MfiOAl (table 9)

68

~

D ~ ~ ~ ~} ~ D 0 0 ~ ~

0 co

* **

Identifies a third vehicle, e.g. M-113

Hidth of above vehicle in meters, e.0. 2.69 for M-113 (table 9)

Max road speed of vehicle in kph, e.q. M-113 (table 9)

**~**Skip this section if only one or two vehicles are required on the pro9ram ca rd

69

Vehicle override diameter in meters for selected vehicle, e.g .. 1 for M-113 (table 9)

Max road aradability in percent for the selected vehicle, e.g. 60 for M-113 (table 9)

VCI 1 value for selected vehicle, e.g. 20 for M-113 (table 9)

(VCI 50 - VCI 1 ) value for selected vehicle, e.9. (47 - 20) = 27 for M-113 (table 9)

70

~

0 ~

~ ** ***

~ 0} 0 D 0 0 ~

~ 0 ~ ~

~

Identifies a fourth vehicle, e.g. T-72

l4idth of above vehicle in meters, e.9. 3.38 for T-72 (table 9)

Max road speed of selected vehicle in kph, e.a. 60 for T-72 (table 9)

***-*** Skip this section if only one, two, or three vehicles are required on program card.

71

~

~

0 D D ~ I STO I

Vehicle override diameter in meters, e.g .. 18 for T-72 (table 9)

Max road qradabil i ty in percent for selected vehicle, e.q. 62.5 for T-72 (table 9)

VCI 1 value for selected vehicle, e.g. 45 for T-72 (table 9)

72

0 0 ~ 0 ~

***

(VCI 59 - VCI 1 ) value for selected vehicle, e.g. t60 - 45) = 15 for T-72 (table 9)

73

0 ~

0 ~ ~

~ ~ QJ

~

~ [2J

I ENTER ti

~

0 D ~

74

~ D I ENTER ti

~ ~ I ENTER ti

~ 0 D ~

~ ~ QJ I ENTER ti

~ 0

75

~ I X>Y? I

~

~ 0 ~

~ 0 ~ 0 0 ~

D ~

LJ ~

76

~

G ~

~ GJ lx> 01 I ~ 0 I X~Y I 0 I X>O? I

~ 0 ~ ~ G

77

~

~ ~ ~ EJ ~ ~

~ I X~Y?I

EJ ~ Ix;: v I

D IX< O? I

0 ~

78

0 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ Q

~ Ix >ml ~

~ ~ ~

~ I X~Y?I

79

~

0 Ix ~v I ~

0 0 ~

0 ~

0 ~ 8 D D I X~Y? I

~ 80

0 ~ ~

0 0 ~ GJ ~ 0 ~

0 GJ LJ Ix~ Y?I

~

~ 81

~ ~ 0 ~ 0 0 0 ~ ~

0 0 ~ ~ ~ I ENTER ti

~ 82

0 D [§]

D LJ D Ix~ vi QJ Ix >Y?I

Ix~ y I [ RCL t

0 0 D IX< O? I ~

83

g. Slide the PRGM-RUN button to RUN.

h. Follow Steps 8 through 11.

Step 13.

a. If there is no Program Card (figure 20) for the vehicle of interest, but there is a blank Program Card, proceed as follows.

b. Follow Part III, Steps 12b through 12f.

c. Slide the PRGM-RUN button to PRGM.

d. Insert the blank Program Card into the card reader slot as shown in figure 22 and explained in Part III, Steps 7e through 7h. The card now holds the Program for the vehicle of interest. Label the card with the vehicle identification number using a felt-tip pen or pencil that will not emboss the card.

e. Follow Steps 8 through 11.

84

IV. Qualitative Method - No-Model Approach

A. Introduction

This method * presents only three categories of Cross-Country Movement.

NO GO

SLOW GO

GO

Movement precluded except in local areas, or so difficult and tortuous that progess is essentially nil.

Movement restricted or significantly slowed by obstacles that require bypassing, zigzagging, or detouring.

Movement mostly free and easy.. At least moderate speeds can be maintained for relatively long distances. Few, if any, time-consuming detours required to avoid obstacles.

To obtain these categories, all the factor overlays are examined for clearly NO GO and GO areas. These areas are transferred to the Complex Overlay. Then the factor overlays are re-examined with the aid of avail­able maps, air photos, or literature to determine the nature of the SLOW GO areas, and perhaps extend the GO and NO GO areas.

With this method, a CCM map may be produced in less time than with the model methods, but the movement categories will be more general and qualitative.

* Method is based on one developed by A.H. Reimer and H.F. Barnett, USAETL TAC.

85

B. Procedures

Step 1.

table 9:

Step 2.

a. Determine for what vehicle the CCM map is being prepared.

b. Obtain the following specifications for that vehicle from

Maximum slope (road gradability) (percent). Maximum fording depth (m) (with or without snorkel). Approach angle (degrees). Vehicle width (m). Vehicle override diameter (m). Vehicle cone index, 50 passes (VCI 50 ).

c. Record this information on a reference table like the. following:

VEHICLE TYPE - M-60

Maximum Slope (Road Gradability) (%) 60

Maximum Fording Depth (m) 1.22

Approach Angle (0) 43

Vehicle Width (m) 3.63

Vehicle Override Diameter (m) 0.15

Vehicle Gane ~ndex, SO passes {VG! 50 i 70

a. Take the film positive or the lithoqraphic map and the aerial photos out of the data base. Place them on a table. Take a clean sheet of frosted mylar, the same size as the film or lithographic map. and place it, frosted side up, on top of the film or lithographic map. Pin-register them or tape them together. Trace the corner tick marks on the mylar with a black fine-line pencil. Trace the neat line on the mylar lightly with a blue fine-line pencil.

b. Look through the mylar to find built-up areas. They will appear as clusters of building symbols or sometimes as tinted areas. Using a black fine-line pencil, draw an angular outline that will tightly enclose clusters of building symbols or tinted areas that cover an area larger

86

than this circle~-* This sheet of mylar is now known as the Complex

Overlay. Mark the built-up areas with the letter 11 N11•

Step 3.

a. Remove the Complex Overlay.

b. Pull the Vegetation Factor Overlay and Vegetation Data Table 1 out of the data base. Register the Complex Overlay over the Factor Overlay.

c. Referring to Vegetation Data Table 1 and the table made in Step 1, not~ the map units with stem spacing equal to or less than the width of the vehicle. Trace the outlines of these map units with a black fine-line pencil.

d. Referring again to Vegetation Data Table 1 and the table made in Step l, trace the outlines of all the vegetation areas that have mean stem diameters greater than the maximum vehicle override diameter.

e. Mark all the overlapping areas outlined in Steps 3c and d with the 1 etter 11 N11

, which represents NO GO.

f. Trace the outlines of all the areas that have no trees, small trees (less than the maximum.vehicle override diameter) or brush, or widely spaced trees (stem spacing greater than the vehicle width). Mark these areas with a 11 G11

, representing GO. If these areas should overlap an 11 N11

area, change the 11 G11 in the overlapped section to 11 N".

Step 4.

a. Replace the Vegetation Overlay with the Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay. Register.

b. Referring to the table made in Step 1, and the Watercourses and Water Bodies Data Tables 1 and 2, trace in blue all drainage reaches that have depths greater than the maximum vehicle fording depth, approach angles greater than the maximum for the vehicle, and any of the bottom conditions with RCiwet listed in table 11 that are less than VCI 50 . Mark these areas with an "N".

c. Trace the outlines of all swamps and marshes in blue. Label these with an "N".

*Represents an area of 0.25 km2 at 1:50,000 scale.

87

Step 5.

a. Replace the Watercourses and Water Bodies Factor Overlay with the Surface Roughness Factor Overlay. Trace the outline of all map unit Areas 8. Label these with an "N". If these overlap an area marked 11 G11

,

be sure to change the 11 G11 area boundary to exclude the 11 N11 area.

b. Trace the outline of all map unit Areas 1. Label these with a 11 G11

• If these overlap with an 11 N11 area already on the Complex Overlay, be sure to change the 11 G11 area boundary to an 11 N11 area for that overlapped space.

Step 6.

a. Replace the Surface Roughness Overlay with the Slope Factor Overlay. Trace the outline of the areas with slopes greater than the vehicle maximum slope. Label these areas with an 11 N11

• An 11 N'1 overlapping a 11 G11 becomes an 11 N11 for that overlapped spaced.

b. Trace the outline of the areas with slopes less than 10 per­cent. Label these with a 11 G11

• If the 11 G11 overlaps an 11N11 area already on the Complex Overlay, the overlapped space remains an 11 N11

•

Step 7.

a. Replace the Slope Factor Overlay with the Soil Factor Over­~· Trace outlines of all OL, OH, and Pt soil categories. Label these with an 11 N11

• Any 11 N11 overlapping a 11 G11 becomes an 11 N11•

b. For Wet Conditions, follow Step 7a, but add all ML and CL soil categori_es_. -Label with _an 11N11

•

c. Trace outlines for all GW, GP, GM, and GC soil categories. Label these with a 11 G11

• Any 11G11 overlapping an 11 N11 becomes an 11 N11 for that overlapped space.

Step 8. Remove the Complex Overlay. On the Complex Overlay, combine adjoining areas having the same letter.

Step 9.

a. The rema1n1ng space on the Complex Overlay is probably SLOW GO. Label the remaining areas on the Complex Overlay 11 S11 for SLOW GO. If aerial photos, maps, or literature are available, they should be examined for the areas labeled SLOW GO to see if there may be some GO and NO GO areas included in them. For example, air photos or written descrip­tions in the Hterature may reveal highly dissected terrain that might

88

make part of the area NO GO, or reveal sand dunes stabilized by enough vegetation to make part of the area GO. Use the Qualitative Thresholds for CCM (table 13) to help locate these extra NO GO and GO areas. The 11 Good 11

movement condition on table 13 corresponds to GO; 11 Fai r 11 and 11 Poor 11

corresponds to SLOW GO; and "Blocked" corresponds to NO GO.

b. Make the Complex Overlay neat (redraw if necessary), making sure that areas less than ~ inch in the least dimension are combined with another category. Match all four sides with adjoining CCM sheets, and add the legend and marginal information. Edit the finished manuscript to ensure that it is completed and ready for drafting or distribution.

89

Vehicle

XM-1 M-60 M-113 M-35 T-62 T-72

Gradability (%) 68.7 60 60 64 62.5 (62.5)

Max. Road Speed (kph) 71 48 48 56 50 (60)

Width (m) 3.65 3.63 2.69 2.43 3.37 3.38

Override Diameter (m) 0.25 0.15 0.1 .06 (0.18) (at Breast Height)

Vehicle Cone Index, 24 25 20 30 23 45 1 Pass (VCI,)

Vehicle Cone Index, 56 70 50 Passes (VCl 00 )

47 69 68 (60)

Max Fording Depth, 1.22 1.22 Swims 76 1.40 (1.40) w/o Snorkel (m)

Max. Fording Depth, 2.34 2.44 Swims 5.00 (5.50)

w/Snorkel (m)

-Max. Stream -Velocity -Vehicle (3:5) ~A i.B (1.il) (3.4) (3.4) Can Cross (mis)

Vehicle Approach Angle (0 ) 22.5 43 70 48 (32.5)

Max. Height, Vert. Obstacle (m) 1.24 .91 .61 .35 .80 (1.00)

Ditch Crossing Capability (m) 2.77 2.59 1.68 .55 2.85 (2.80)

( ) = Estimated

Table 9. Vehicle Performance Characteristics

90

X-M1 M-60 T-62 T-72 MAP SLOPE UNIT (%)

s, NO GO s, NO GO s, NO GO s, NO GO

A 0-3 67.9 45.6 47.6 57.1

B 3-10 60.7 40.0 42.0 50.4

c 10-30 40.0 24.0 26.0 31.2

D 30-45 24.5 12.0 14.0 16.8

E 45-60 9.0 0 x 2.0 2.4

F >60 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x

Table 10. Precalculated S, for Selected Vehicles (kph)

91

RCI RCI USCS Symbol Dry Season Wet Season

GW N/A N/A

GP N/A N/A

GM 100+ 72

GC 100+ 90

GM-GC 100+ 81

SW N/A N/A

SP N/A N/A

SM 100+ 82

SC 100+ 82

SM-SC 100+ 82

ML 100+ 55

CL 100+ 46

ML-CL 100+ 51

Ol 46 46

MH 100+ 83

CH 100+ 90

OH 40 40

Pt 35 35

Table 11. Approximate RCI Values for Wet and Dry Seasons

(To be used ONLY for the cross-country move­ment calculations required in this guide when no other RCI values are available.)

92

Table 12. GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS AND TERMS

a < b a is less than b

a > b a is greater than b

a < b a is less than or equal to b

a > b a is greater than or equal to b

(a)(b) a x b, a multiplied by b

93

BLOCKED

POOR

M::•ms & H1gn

Badlancts

M~~~•1ns & High

Bi.di ands Mangrove

Secondary Ever· greenFornt

Bunn & Mesu BamDOO

Haystacks 8"hrvn Hays1ac1<.s Beehives W•ndlall

Jungle

Pflmary Ewergreen Forest

Reeds & Rusnes

Secol'ldary EVl!f­gr-1 Foresl

Mangrove

BamboO

Jungle

Marsn & Swamps

Tundra

Moo:ed Deciduous Fores!

V•neyardS Mon1ane Forest

Te;:.,~r11~~'~1d-Ta1ga

M••e<l Deciduous Forest

LOWH<UsanCIAoning LOWH1U1anC1Aolhng Shn.ib Plains Pl•1ns

Orumhl'IS

Gently Rolling Pta1ns Dunes

Open Forest

Large EKposed

"""" AowC~

Ram forest

MonSOOl'IFOl'85t

0P81'1Forest

Gl•ci•IPla1ns& GennyA011mgPLa1ns High Grass P1.ieaus & Pl•leaus

eoasi.1Pla•M

~1taP1a1ns

Ka~tPla1ns

Outwa5hP1a.1t'l5

undoi.tmg & FLaI UnC1ula.t1ng& Fial Low Grass Plains Pia.on$

.t.11..,...,ai P1a1ns

$anCIPIU1S SanC1Pla.1ns

Play as Play as

Hammada5 (Bed- Hammada5 (Seo-roc1<.Fiel(l5) rocJ1fielCl5)

Desert fiats

Deseri Pavement •

Prtmary E"9fgreen Forest

Scrub

OrcnarCIS

Temperate 0.CtCI· uousforest

0pel'IFOrest

Shrub

H1ghGrU11

Y1neyaras

Row Crops

QUALITATIVE THRESHOLDS FOR CCM

AUbu110oseunCI

coarse- ga1n&e1 COhe's.IOl'lieU san.cl&gr..,ftl

Pu<

Muck

Org1.nieS011

Mobd1tyC1ass E

S111ygrave1S.grave1-sarnl-s1n mro:fun~· GM

Solty s.ands aand 1.111 m••·SM

lnorgaimcs.tts & .,.....,. hnes..nds rock flOW. 511ty or clayey511tS""' Sllgl'l.1PIU1tCrty ML-CL-ML

Orga1mcctaysof med IO htQh pt•­hColy organtCS•lts

MOOthtyClass .. O

lnorg&fuCS•llS

rn•caceous or t11.1.tomaceo;1s11ne sandyO•S•lty SO•IS e•Ut•CS•llS·

MH

Orgainoe 511'5 and org111ntCSiltyc1ays

~ILlowp1astic11y-

C1ayey9ra..,..s gravelsanCl.clay m1dures-OC

C1ayeynnd,sariCI claymllltufe5·SC

GraY9'1y clays, sandy clays. 1norgaruc claySofiowtomeCI p1as11Citylean ClayS.S•llyCla)'$­CC

Mot:i<htyCiass ·c-

lnofgar11cc!ay1ol l'IKJhptu11city lat clayS

Mob•htyC1a55··9

Coar.>egra1~CI

Coaf'MI gra1nld coheslOn~ sand &-gr.wet

Moblhl'( Class -A" MOb1hty Class.,,.-

GW GP SW SP GW. GP SW SP

"·-

TPRAIN FACTORS

Clayeygr•Yels gravet.llll'ld.clay m1J<tures-OC

Clayeyund.S&l'ICI claym1dures-SC

Gra~ycl•yssandy

Cli!lfS tt'IOfganlC clays OI IOW 10 med plast1C1ty.lean c1ays.s11tyct1ys­CL

Mot11h1yClasl'"C"

1norg.an1cclayol h>gl'lp!a5!1C1ty

Mob<ltly ciass·e

CH

c:::.~= sand &q•"1el

Mot>o111y ciass·A-

Table 13. Qualitative Thresholds for CCM

Emblnkment.J EICarpmen\S

Frequent 01IC'"'9

SmkhQles

Badlands

Hedge Rows

Rubl)leT•IUS

Se ...

Freehly Pio-d Groul'ICI

Stoney GtOUl'ICI

llfC)eEKposed .....

Emblin!l.rnentsi Escarpments

Frequ8"1t OttCl'lel

iFl:ubOle'falus

Fr•h•yPlowed Ground

SIOMv Gro...nd

Cut&F•lls

Stonew.111

Surf.ceP•peltMI

Cattie Fences

Suburbal'I 0eY&IQpmel'l1

Type ''A" old ~1llage

'"'"~ Type ··e ''°'"" orc11trlyblock

Type '"C"" dospe!'W'd family houSll'tg

Type ·E· 1ndu1tna.Jr transpon•lion

Sur1ace P1pehnes

Cut1&F1ns

Stone Fences

Suburban 0evelopm9f'tl

Ty:,;'"otd••llage

Type ·e·· tlosed orderly block

Type·c··e1~

!amily hou$1ng

Type "E mdusmal transponatoOn

S=O

S, = M- (S)(M) G

Table 14. Calculator Program Flow Chart

95

V. Appendix Forms

SOIL FACTOR TABLE MAP DAV WET

UNIT RCI F4D No-Go RCI F4W No-Go

96

MOVEMENT ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE FEATURES , 2 3 4a 4b ~c 5a Sb 6a 6b 6c 7a 7b 7c Sa Sb 6c

WATER DEPTH BANK HEIGHT !AND BANK SLOPE WATER VELOCITY BOTTOM CONDITIONS

ID VEH WATER VEH BANK VEH BANK WATER BOTT

SEG SEASON FORD G01 GOt VEH GOt VCI GO! NO

DEPTH DEPTH NO GO HEIGHT AA SLOPE NO GO (mps) VEL. NO GO RCI NO GO (ml (m) (m) (m) (") (.) (mps) WET

SPEED PREDICTION TABULATION SHEET #1 C:.<>r ·nr A

SLOPE VEGETATION ~x8~U-NCE~~ SOIL CCM - Dry CCM - Wet Area

Map 81 Map Fl F2 82 Map F3 S3 Map F4D F4VV $4C S4W Map Unit Map Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit

98

12 4 _93.781-AG-Ft Belvoir