Ethics+ +Session+1

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introductionintroduction

Ethics is a set of standards, or a code, orEthics is a set of standards, or a code, orvalue system, worked out from humanvalue system, worked out from humanreasons & experience, by which freereasons & experience, by which freehuman actions are determined ashuman actions are determined asultimately right or wrong, good or evil.ultimately right or wrong, good or evil.

If an action agrees with these standards,If an action agrees with these standards,it is ethical; if not , it is unethical.it is ethical; if not , it is unethical.



Ethical StandardsEthical Standards

Ethical standards arise or are set, in theEthical standards arise or are set, in theattempt to reach an ultimate goal.attempt to reach an ultimate goal.

There are certain needs which all menThere are certain needs which all menexperience, & certain goals all men striveexperience, & certain goals all men strivefor.for.

We call the fulfilling of these goals &We call the fulfilling of these goals &needs as happiness & pursuit of needs as happiness & pursuit of happiness.happiness.



Ethical standards.contd.Ethical standards.contd.

As the goal changes in life or is redefined by As the goal changes in life or is redefined byhuman experience, ethical standards must human experience, ethical standards must

change or be redefined.change or be redefined. Historically this is what happened.Historically this is what happened.

The equality of men & right to freedom areThe equality of men & right to freedom arerelatively new human goals.relatively new human goals.

The general goals have changed the ethicalThe general goals have changed the ethicalstandards determining the right & wrongstandards determining the right & wrongactions.actions.



Ethical Standards thru HistoryEthical Standards thru History

The following are a few ethical standards,The following are a few ethical standards,drawn from both philosophy & religions,drawn from both philosophy & religions,

used by man thru the ages:used by man thru the ages: Treat all men with fairness & justice.Treat all men with fairness & justice.

Do to others as you would have them doDo to others as you would have them do

to you.to you. Always treat individuals as ends, with Always treat individuals as ends, with

respect & dignity.respect & dignity.



Ethical standards contdEthical standards contd

Love your neighbor as you love yourself.Love your neighbor as you love yourself.

Always ask: Will it hurt anyone? Always ask: Will it hurt anyone? Know thyself Know thyself-- be always honest withbe always honest with

yourself & with others.yourself & with others.

Evaluate the morality of an action byEvaluate the morality of an action byexamining into the intention behind it &examining into the intention behind it &into the causeinto the cause-- effect chain reactions.effect chain reactions.



Ethical standards.contdEthical standards.contd

LongLong--range utility standard: so act that your act range utility standard: so act that your act will produce over the long range, maximumwill produce over the long range, maximum

personal happiness in terms of its ultimatepersonal happiness in terms of its ultimateconsequences. [enlightened self consequences. [enlightened self--interest]interest]

The General law standard. [So act that your act The General law standard. [So act that your act could be made a general law for all people that could be made a general law for all people that

would successfully regulate the relations of menwould successfully regulate the relations of menwith each other towards the greatest good of with each other towards the greatest good of the greater number.]the greater number.]



Ethical standards..contdEthical standards..contd

The less evil standard. [So act, inThe less evil standard. [So act, incircumstances where action is unavoidablecircumstances where action is unavoidable

& all available actions appear unethical,& all available actions appear unethical,that your act, judged by its consequencesthat your act, judged by its consequences& the above the standards, is the lesser& the above the standards, is the lesser

evil.evil.



How to Humanize Management?How to Humanize Management?

Answer: Answer: Our Ancient Scriptures.Our Ancient Scriptures.

The scriptures propound that everyone of usThe scriptures propound that everyone of us

has been endowed with an infinite wealth of has been endowed with an infinite wealth of faculties & talents, which will make it possiblefaculties & talents, which will make it possiblefor each of us to achieve our highest goals infor each of us to achieve our highest goals inlife, translate our burning aspirations into reality,life, translate our burning aspirations into reality,

& enable us to conquer the world, as it were.& enable us to conquer the world, as it were.

The scriptures can help us to restore ourThe scriptures can help us to restore ournature, our heart, & our mind.nature, our heart, & our mind.



A managerial approach based on A managerial approach based on

our Ancient Scriptures.our Ancient Scriptures. 1] TATVAMASHI1] TATVAMASHI--SELF CONFIDENCESELF CONFIDENCE--

individualindividual

2]ATMANO2]ATMANO--MOKSHARTHAM JAGATMOKSHARTHAM JAGATBITAYACHBITAYACH--missionmission

3]GYAN,BHAKTI,YOGA,KARMA3]GYAN,BHAKTI,YOGA,KARMA--allocationallocation

of dutiesof duties 4]YAGYA PARAPARAM BBAVAYANTA4]YAGYA PARAPARAM BBAVAYANTA--

team spirit team spirit



Ancient approachescontd. Ancient approachescontd.

5] YOGA KARMASHU KAUSHALAMA5] YOGA KARMASHU KAUSHALAMA--excellenceexcellence

6] MOKSHA6] MOKSHA--empowerment empowerment

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Ethics+ +Session+1