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ETHICSETHICSIN THE USEIN THE USE

OF ANIMALSOF ANIMALSIN RESEARCHIN RESEARCH

IACUC TrainingHealthmedic Research Sdn Bhd

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W hat is welfare?W hat is welfare?

1. Physical & mental health andhappiness

2. Help given to people (animal) inneed

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Animal W elfare ?Animal W elfare ?

y 5 freedoms1. Freedom from hunger & thirst2. Freedom from discomfort3. Freedom from pain, injury & diseases

4. Freedom to express normal behaviour 5. Freedom from fear & distress

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Animals in ResearchAnimals in Research

y W hat purpose?

y Animal models DiseasePhenomenon

y W ho get benefit?99% for human benefit

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E thics ?E thics ?

y A set of moral principles of acceptedbelief

what is right, what is wrongwhat is good, what is bad

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E thics in Animal Ex perimentationE thics in Animal Ex perimentation

Follow a set of moral principles when

conducting ex

periments using animals

(Concern with Animal W elfare)

Animal = a living thing ~ Human

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W hat right have we got thatW hat right have we got thatallow us to use animals forallow us to use animals forresearch?research?

y Certain biological / biomedical researchcannot do away with animalex perimentation

E .g. : In-vitro vs. In-vivo

Different outcome / result

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O ther valid alternatives ?O ther valid alternatives ?

y In-vitro studies (cell culture)y Computer simulation

If alternatives are available (and can

provide answer to the problem), animalex perimentation should not be allowed.

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Roles of Institutions in AnimalRoles of Institutions in AnimalE thicsE thics

Ensure the use of animals inresearch conforms to acceptableethical, humane & scientific

standards.

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ReplacementReplacement

y Substitution of living animals

Computer simulation / modeling

In-vitro methods (tissue or organ culture)

Video for teaching

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ReductionReductiony Decrease in number of animals to be

usedHigh quality / standardized animals(genotype, microbiological quality)x Controlled environment (nutrition, macro- &

micro-environment, cage size)x Controlled e x perimental procedure (same

techniques, same personnel all the time,competent)

x Statistics (min. number of animals are used)

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RefinementRefinementy Decreased the incidence / severity of

inhumane procedures applied to thoseanimals that still have to be used

Technique of handlingSize of material use (needle size, implant)Amount of e x perimental product givenChoice of procedure (blood collection)

Surgical careHousing and husbandaryEnvironmental enrichmentHumane endpoint (euthanasia)

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Institutional Animal Care & UseInstitutional Animal Care & Use

Committee (IACUC)Committee (IACUC)

y Tasksy Critical evaluation of:

Benefit of research vs. animal sufferingImplementation of 3 R principlesCompetency of personnel carrying out theprocedures in animals

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Rational & ConclusionRational & Conclusion

y Start with goodquality animals

y Practice ethicalprinciples

y Take care of theirwelfare & reducestress (pre, during &post procedure)

Q uality research with reproducible

results

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