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8/13/2019 Ethical Values and Dilemmas
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ETHICAL VALUES AND DILEMMAS DECISION MAKING
The first critical factor of influence in business ethics is orientation. How
company ethics program is designed? Which are important orientations? Etc.
There are 4 orientations in organizational and program de3sign factors that
are linked to ethics compliance management. They are
Compliance based
Value based
Protect top management base
External stakeholder base.
!n compliance based approach primary importance is gi"en to
meet legal re#uirements. This type of approach is predominant in
!ndian industries. This method aims at detecting$ pre"enting or
punishing "iolations. This leads to mediocrity..
!n "alue based orientation the employees has self governance
and hence committed. !t moti"ates employees and de"elopsshared ethical "alues. The program is effecti"e and is "alue
based.
!n protect the top management approach% the principle is that
corporate codes be designed to co"er up future or potential
problem. The blame may be shifted from top management to
lower le"el officers and workmen.
The fourth orientation is e&ternal stakeholders$ wherein the
organization tries to boost !bl"c "#age. !t is also made to satisfy
e&ternal stakeholders "iz customers$ suppliers and the community
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!n any gi"en situation the ethical dimensions influences business. They are
Maximization of goals' "isions$ priorities$ (oal orientation$ (oal
multiplicity
Motives) *nown$ Hidden$ +elfish$ +hared$ ,alue oriented$ -eligion
Methods used' That satisfies maority of people$ Essential$ !ncidental$
+pecial$ /cceptable to society
Manifestations) !mpact$ !nternal$ E&ternal$ Time frame
Decision Process in Competitive Process
/ good and fair competition is one of necessities of increasing trade
and wealth. !t also makes possible e#uitable distribution of goods and
ser"ices. !t is hence important that all economic and social institutions
should help to increase open markets$ trade and in"estments.
The competition leads to e&treme steps by competing companies and
sometimes to unethical practices. 0-at race 0leads1 to wrong thinking.
2ompetiti"e pressures on one side and financial targets of the company
on the other make a manager to 0somehow1 achie"e his targets. +ome
of the areas are
(athering and using competitor information.
-eduction in #uantities
owering #uality standards
2opy packing
2utting costs on safety aspects
se substandard material packing
(ather intelligence from competitor
5reaking laws in the nalme of profits
/ppoint or pay intelligence gatherers
+hifting blame when problem occurs
Take unethical decisions and call it 0(ut 6eeling1
5ribing$ cheating
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5ringing political influence
/"oidance of payment of ta&es and dues
7isrepresentation
7isleading ads
nhealthy work conditions$ employing minors
7onopoly and restricti"e Trade 8ractices.
Ethical Decision Making
Ethical decisions should be good$ practical and stand the moral test. !t is
necessary that companies and top managers ha"e close relations with
stakeholders. nderstand and share those ethical "alues that define the
parameters of business decisions and actions. Ethical decisions making steps
for a manager are
Stud!(round realities of business practices$ traditions$ industry
norms and cultural patterns.
"imits of Po#er nderstand guidelines from the top and "iews or the
commendations of officers at "arious le"els in the organization.
Man solutions 9e"elop many responsible$ independent solutions
taking into account obecti"es of the company and meeting "alues of
ma&imum number of stakeholders.
Check past cases 6ind similar dilemma cases in the past in the
company and other similar cases in other companies. How the problem
was sol"ed and outcomes be studied to help the present case.
$egotiate!:egotiate the optional choice that gi"es ma&imum good to
more stakeholders. :egotiation skills are necessary to see when to
negotiate$ how much and what to negotiate.
%bedience to authorit
Employees in any organization do what is rewarded and a"oid what is
punished. To gain attention employees are likely to adhere to total
adherence or obedience to authority. 5oss is always right$ attitude seats
in. &h not sa 'es( to everthing and get re#ards.
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5elief takes away accountability of the indi"idual as well as his
responsibilities. /n ethical culture is likely to breed un#uestioning
obedience. There are 3 focuses
Emploee )ocus*;rganization should consider all acts which looks at
betterment of the workers
Communit )ocus*. 6ocus on customers$ general public and outside
stakeholders.
Self +nterest focus* +imply look at himself< herself
,echnolog -evolution and Ethics
The last two decades has witnessed technological re"olution. They are
digital$ wireless and internet technologies. /ll these ha"e made a world a
global "illage. The impact has been all embracing and the fastest in theknown history of mankind. !t has been estimated that the pace is so fast that
a new knowledge is added e"ery = nd year. The impact of technology is felt
in the following areas
lobal ro#th
$o geographical limits.
$o time limits
$e# companies
$e# professions
Change of mindset
Conflict -esolution
Stud and /nalze
Cool do#n
Education
)orcing
+nfiltration
$egotiation
/ccommodation
Collaboration
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