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www.EthanolProducer.co
APRIL 2014
INSIDE: MEETING THE DEMAND FOR HIGH-PURITY LIGNIN
Looking
UpAmericas First BigCellulosic Ethanol PlantsRise to CompletionPage 28
PlusKiORs Teachabl
Startup ExperiencePage 3
AndNew and Nove
Sugars ArrivePage 3
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BROUGHT TO YOU BYGROWTH ENERGY.
From advocating for ethanol on Capitol Hill, to
validating higher ethanol blends through NASCAR, to
calling out Big Oil with a national television campaign,
Growth Energy is there for the producers and
supporters of the ethanol industry.
We know were in a battle, but were ready for the figh
Learn more at GrowthEnergy.org
Austin Dillon and Austin Dillons autograph are trademarks of Austin Dillon. All trademarks and the likeness of the No. 39 racecar are used under license from their ownerNASCARhis a registered trademark of the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc.
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4| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
APRIL 2014 VOLUME20 ISSUE4CONTENTS
DEPARTMENTS
6 EDITOR'S NOTE Here We GoBy Tom Bryan
7 AD INDEX
10 THE WAY I SEE ITIt's Time to Focus on theElephant in the Corner
By Mike Bryan
11 EVENTS CALENDAR
12 VIEW FROM THE HILLMoving Toward a Cleanand Renewable Future
By Bob Dinneen
14 DRIVEThe Real Cost of Food
By Tom Buis
16 GRASSROOTS VOICE How RINs Really Work, and
Why Big Oil Hates Them
By Ron Lamberty
18 EUROPE CALLING EUs Struggle for E10
By Robert Vierhout
20 BUSINESS BRIEFS22 COMMODITIES
24 DISTILLED
44 BUSINESS MATTERS Legal Argument Challenges
EPA Authority to Change RFS By Alexander F. Logemann
46 MARKETPLACE
Ethanol Producer Magazine: (USPS No. 023-974) April 2014, Vol. 20, Issue 4. Ethanol Producer Magazineis published monthly by BBI International. Principal Ofce: 308 Second Ave. N., Suite 304, Grand
Forks, ND 58203. Periodicals Postage Paid at Grand Forks, North Dakota and additional mailing ofces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Ethanol Producer Magazine/Subscriptions, 308 Second Ave.
N., Suite 304, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203.
CONSTRUCTIONEarly Risers
Americas rst big cellulosic ethanol plants
will start up in succession this year.
By Chris Hanson
PROCESSOptimization OutlaysKiOR isnt an ethanol producer, but its
successes and setbacks are informing.
By Ron Kotrba
INNOVATIONThe Sugar ProducersExisting ethanol producers are sizing up
some sweet next-generation feedstocks.
By Susanne Retka Schill
BIOREFININGLignins Big LeapThe market wants high-purity lignin.
Canadas Lignol still aims to make it.
By Tom Bryan
28 34
38 42
FEATURES
ON THE COVER
Welders work on
a distillers grainssilo at Poet-DSMsEmmetsburg, Iowa,cellulosic plant.
PHOTO: POET-DSM
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6| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
FOR INDUSTRY NEWS:WWW.ETHANOLPRODUCER.COM OR FOLLOW US: TWITTER.COM/ETHANOLMAGAZINE
Finally, its about to happen. Two of Americas rst b
cellulosic ethanol plantsthe kind weve all been waiting years tseeare now substantially nished and in startup. I dont want to jintheir commissioning by overstating their completion, but Abengoa Bioenergy and Poe
DSM Advanced Biofuelsand later, DuPontwill be producing big volumes of ethan
from corn residue this year.
Taking nothing away from the accomplishments of other cellulosic ethanol plan
now operating or being commissioned, the sheer size of these high-prole facilities
Iowa and Kansas simply merits excitement. As we report in Early Risers, on page 2
by the end of the second quarter, both Abengoa and Poet-DSM will have their plan
onlineproducing 25 million gallons apieceand America will be on its way to producin
50 million to 60 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol annually. DuPont is expected
follow, adding another 30 million gallons of capacity by years end.
History tells us it wont be simple. To date, there have only been a few large-sca
cellulosic biofuel plants commissioned worldwide, and each has faced steep operation
hurdles. The Beta Renewables cellulosic ethanol plant in Crescentino, Italy, and Ine
Bios Indian River BioEnergy Center, for example, continue to wade through optimizatio
challenges.
For context, our page-34 story, Optimization Outlays, examines the scale-u
learning curve thats being experienced by KiOR in Columbus, Miss. Its not ethanol th
KiOR makes, but rather cellulosic gasoline and diesel fuel from Southern Yellow Pine. W
report that the company is working to increase the operational output of its plant, anfrom the look of its fourth-quarter production numbers, making progress.
Examining other advanced biofuel aspirations, we prole two companies employin
widely different approaches to produce sugars for next-generation ethanol. The Sug
Producers, on page 38, explains that Sweetwater Energy and Proterro are pursuin
unrelated platforms that strive for similar ends: supplementing ethanol plant fermentatio
broths with sugar water. Sweetwater has offtake agreements in place with ethanol plan
and is much further along than Proterra, but both platforms are promising.
Finally, this month, we revisit the company that essentially introduced the U.
biofuels industry to the latent value of high-purity lignin. In Lignins Big Leap, on pa
42, we report that Canada-based Lignol Innovations Ltd. is still intent on scaling up ibiorening process and creating a market for its super-clean lignin. But like so many oth
biobased products, the real challenge is not selling the stuff, but making it.
.
EDITOR'S NOTE
Here We Go
Tom BryanPresident & Editor in [email protected]
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine
TM
EDITORIALPresident & Editor in ChiefTom Bryan [email protected]
Vice President of Content & Executive EditorTim Portz [email protected]
Managing EditorHolly Jessen [email protected]
Senior EditiorSusanne Retka Schill [email protected]
News EditorErin Voegele [email protected]
Staff WriterChris Hanson [email protected]
Copy EditorJan Tellmann [email protected]
ARTArt Director
Jaci Satterlund [email protected]
Graphic DesignerRaquel Boushee [email protected]
PUBLISHINGChairman
Mike Bryan [email protected]
CEOJoe Bryan [email protected]
SALES
Vice President of OperationsMatthew Spoor [email protected]
Business Development DirectorHoward Brockhouse [email protected]
Senior Account ManagerChip Shereck [email protected]
Marketing Director
John Nelson [email protected]
Circulation Manager
Jessica Beaudry [email protected]
Trafc & Marketing CoordinatorMarla DeFoe [email protected]
Customer ServicePlease call 1-866-746-8385 or email us at [email protected]. Subscriptions to Ethanol Producer Magazineare free of charge to everyone with the exception of a shipping andhandling charge of $49.95 for any country outside the United States, Canada and Mexico. To subscribe, visit www.EthanolProducer.com or you can send your mailing address and payment (checks madeout to BBI International) to: Ethanol Producer MagazineSubscriptions, 308 Second Ave. N., Suite 304, Grand Forks, ND 58203. You can also fax a subscription form to 701-746-5367. Back Issues, Reprintsand PermissionsSelect back issues are available for $3.95 each, plus shipping. Article reprints are also available for a fee. For more information, contact us at 866-746-8385 or [email protected] Producer Magazineprovides a specic topic delivered to a highly targeted audience. We are committed to editorial excellence and high-quality print production. To nd out more aboutEthanol Producer Magazineadvertising opportunities, please contact us at 866-746-8385 or [email protected]. Letters to the Editor We welcome letters to the editor. Send toEthanol ProducerMagazineLetters to the Editor, 308 2nd Ave. N., Suite 304, Grand Forks, ND 58203 or email to [email protected]. Please include your name, address and phone number. Letters may be edited forclarity and/or space.
COPYRIGHT 2014 by BBI InternationalPlease recycle this magazine and remove
inserts or samples before recycling
VOLUME20 ISSUE4
ADVERTISER INDEX
2014 International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo 8-9
2014 National Advanced Biofuels Conference & Expo 45
2014 National Ethanol Conference 15
BetaTec Hop Products 19
Bilnger Water Technologies 21
Buckman 30
Cashco, Inc. 24
DuPont Industrial Biosciences 48
Enerkem 37
Fagen, Inc. 5
Fluid Quip Process Technologies, LLC 41
Greenbelt Resources Corporation 36
Growth Energy 2
ICM, Inc. 11
Iowa Economic Development Authority 47
Lallemand Biofuels & Distilled Spirits 3
Nalco, an Ecolab Company 33
Novozymes 17
POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels 13
Sulzer Pumps Solutions, Inc. 25
Tower Performance, Inc. 43
Vecoplan LLC 26
Vogelbusch USA, Inc. 31
Wabash Power Equipment Co. 32
West Salem Machinery Co. 20
WINBCO 27
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ANNIVERSAR
Y
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10| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
Debate rages over the renewable fuelstandard (RFS) that mandates the use ofbiofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. At the
same time, we have had a market mandate for fossil fuels, inparticular gasoline, for more than 100 years because there was
no competition.
We have gone from sending ships out from Nantucket,
Mass., to kill whales for their oil to burning million-year-old
dead vegetation buried deep in the earth in the form of oil
and coal.
It doesnt seem like much progress has been made in terms
of energy, but in reality, its the natural progression of things.
The sun can generate more power than we could ever use and
creates the wind that can generate enormous energy when
harnessed. There are billions of tons of biomass energy that
go largely untapped and powerful oceans that create enoughenergy to stagger the imagination. Yet, we plod along, debating
whether we should mandate the use of renewable fuels like
ethanol and biodiesel as if that were really important in the
scheme of things.
The world is heating up, and anyone who thinks that
human activity is not at the root of that trend is simply ignoring
science. Its time to think big, to think on a global scale, to stop
focusing on the gnat on the table when there is an elephant
standing in the corner.
Ethanol is a transitional fuel, just like fossil fuels have
provided a transition from whale oil and wood. But rst, we
have to let go of the past and accept the transition to a new
era of renewable, cleaner energy. At some point in the future,
the ethanol industry may even have to accept the eventual
transition from corn-based ethanol to cellulosic ethanol and,
eventually, to an entirely new type of fuel altogether.Its natural to cling to the past, but its time to let go, open
our arms to the future and embrace the wonderful energy gifts
that nature has laid at our feetthe sun, the wind, the oceans,
biomass and geothermal energy. I imagine our great-great-
grandchildren will wonder why we continued to pollute their
earth with fossil fuels when there was so much clean energy
at our disposal. They will be amazed at our lack of energy
ingenuity, just as we are stunned that we actually killed whales
by the thousands for their oil.
In time, automobiles can and will be powered with
electricity generated by natures clean resources. Its time to get
past the debate about the RFS and accept the fact that ethanol
and biodiesel are just logical steps in the energy transition from
where we are today, to where we need to be tomorrow.
Thats the way I see it!
Its Time to Focus on the
Elephant in the CornerBy Mike Bryan
Author:Mike BryanChairman, BBI International
THE WAY I SEE IT
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International Fuel EthanolWorkshop & ExpoJune 9-12, 2014Indiana Convention CenterIndianapolis, IndianaNow in its 30th year, the FEW provides the globalethanol industry with cutting-edge content and
unparalleled networking opportunities in a dynamicbusiness-to-business environment. The FEW is thelargest, longest running ethanol conference in theworldand the only event powered by Ethanol ProducerMagazine.
866-746-8385 | www.fuelethanolworkshop.com
National Advanced BiofuelsConference & ExpoOctober 13-15, 2014Hyatt MinneapolisMinneapolis, MinnesotaProduced by BBI International, this event will feature theworld of advanced biofuels and biobased chemicals
technology scale-up, project nance, policy, nationalmarkets and morewith a core focus on the industrial,petroleum and agribusiness alliances dening thenational advanced biofuels industry. With a verticallyintegrated program and audience, this event is tailoredfor industry professionals engaged in producing,developing and deploying advanced biofuels, biobasedplatform chemicals, polymers and other renewablemolecules that have the potential to meet or exceed theperformance of petroleum-derived products.866-746-8385 | www.advancedbiofuelsconference.com
National Ethanol ConferenceFebruary 18-20, 2015Gaylord Texan Resort &Convention Center
Grapevine, TexasThe NEC provides attendees with timely information oncritical regulatory, marketing and policy issues facingthe ethanol industry. Experts will speak to the currentmarket situation, and address how we as an industry cancontinue to grow through innovation, new technologiesand feedstocks, and by developing more diverse andglobal markets.
International BiomassConference & ExpoApril 20-22, 2015Minneapolis Convention Center,Minneapolis, MinnesotaOrganized by BBI International and produced by
Biomass Magazine, this event brings current and futureproducers of bioenergy and biobased products togetherwith waste generators, energy crop growers, municipalleaders, utility executives, technology providers,equipment manufacturers, project developers, investorsand policy makers. Its a true one-stop shop the worldspremier educational and networking junction for allbiomass industries.866-746-8385 | www.biomassconference.com
EVENTS CALENDAR
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12| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
The year 1970 marked a distinct turning pointin the way Americans view the environment.
Wisconsin Sen. Gaylord Nelson, along with concerned
citizens across the country, began the Earth Day movementthat changed Americas priorities for the next 44 years. The
creation of Earth Day on April 22, 1970, began to shift the way
we think about environmental policies, forcing us to consider
the ecological consequences of fossil fuel production and the
clean energy potential of renewable fuels.
Flash forward to today. Its now 2014 and the push for
clean renewable fuels is in full swing. Ethanol has taken off
and is now blended into 97 percent of U.S. gasoline, effectively
replacing 476 million barrels of imported oil. A new study
conducted by Life Cycle Associates, and commissioned by
the Renewable Fuels Association, recently found that, As the
average carbon intensity of petroleum is gradually increasing,the carbon intensity of corn ethanol is declining.
The study delves deeper into the numbers, nding that
corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by
32 percent compared to gasoline, including indirect land use
change. Additionally, corn ethanol reduces GHG emissions
by 37 percent compared to tight oil from fracking and 40
percent compared to tar sands. Sen. Nelson would have been
proud of these environmental enhancing accomplishments.
But we wont stop there. Out of the different feedstocks that
produce ethanol, cellulosic is the least carbon intensive of all.
Therefore, as we expand and move toward a cleaner, greener
future, the commercial success of cellulosic ethanol is criticalto both political and market success for all renewables.
As we speak, Ineos Bio is producing ethanol out
of vegetative, yard and municipal solid waste. Abengoa
BioEnergy and Poet-DSM are expected to start cellulosic
ethanol production early this year. Additional facilities are
under construction including DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol andQuad County Corn Processors bolt-on facility.
While we see success both in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and advancement into next generation biofuels, the
ethanol industry is under attack today. The U.S. EPA is pushing
to reduce the levels of ethanol blended into gasoline. The 2007
passage of the Energy Independence and Security Act led to
dramatic expansion of corn-based ethanol. That success laid
the foundation for the advancements in cellulosic and advanced
ethanol. We will continue ghting to keep the renewable fuel
standard at the levels Congress intended so there is stability
and growth in the ethanol market and increased investment in
next-generation biofuels.Sen. Nelson stated on the 25th anniversary of Earth Day,
"The opportunity for a gradual but complete break with our
destructive environmental history and a new beginning is at
hand. We can measure up to the challenge if we have the will
to do sothat is the only question. I am optimistic that this
generation will have the foresight and the will to begin the task
of forging a sustainable society."
Yes, Sen. Nelson, we are up to the challenge. Is the EPA?
Moving Toward a Clean
and Renewable FutureBy Bob Dinneen
Author: Bob DinneenPresident and CEO,
Renewable Fuels Association
202-289-3835
VIEW FROM THE HILL
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THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS!
FEBRUARY 17-19, 2014 JW MARRIOTT ORLANDO
ORLANDO, FLORIDA
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14| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
The Real Cost of FoodBy Tom Buis
Time and again, we have heard the claimsabout how ethanol is the cause of rising foodprices. The ethanol industry has been accused of driving upcosts for everything from chicken wings to tortillas. Some of thesetall tales have even gained traction in the press. Big Oil and some
food special interest groups continue to use misinformation to tryto convince consumers that they are paying higher prices for foodbecause of the renewable fuel standard (RFS) despite the facts.
Corn, the major feedstock for U.S. ethanol production, is onlya fraction of overall food and grain costs. For every $1 spent atthe grocery store, more than 85.5 cents goes to pay for secondaryoperations such as processing, packaging and marketing. The lessthan 15.5 cents remaining goes to farmers and, of that, about 3pennies to corn producers.
Digging deeper, it is obvious the falsehoods about the priceof food are even more off base. No. 2 yellow corn used in theethanol process is primarily used for livestock and poultry feed.
Ethanol production uses only the starch from the corn kernel and
for every bushel of corn used to produce ethanol, 33 percent goesback into the livestock feed chain in the form of a high-protein,competitively priced animal feed product. This coproduct replaces
corn and soybean acreage that would otherwise be devoted toanimal feed production. According to analysis by Air ImprovementResource Inc., only 17.5 percent of net corn acres are used toproduce ethanol, not the 40 percent claimed by the antiethanolcrowd.
So, if corn isnt driving the cost of food, as special interestgroups would like you to believe, what is? Well, the answer isquite simpleenergy costs. According to the World Bank,United Nations, USDA and countless other objective economic
studies, energy costs are the leading contributor to rising foodprices. Ethanol is actually reducing fuel costs for consumers andrenewable fuels can help constrain the energy costs associated withfood production, processing and merchandizing, while reducingour addiction to foreign oil.
The consumer price index for food since the RFS was
implemented in 2008 has very closely tracked the increases in theoverall index, growing at about 3 percent per year. In 2014, theindices are expected to continue to grow at similar rates. Consumergasoline prices, however, have increased by more than 25 percenton average per year over the same period. In effect, consumers aregetting hit twice by high fuel prices. First, they pay for the gasolinethey need for family transportation. Then, they pay higher pricesfor the food they purchase because of energy costs.
Food costs will only drop if Big Food is willing to passa portion of its high prots on to the consumers. Despite theiraccusations of unbearable food costs resulting from our renewableenergy policy, the National Restaurant Association acknowledgedits members have a long record of growth, and expect to reach$683.4 billion in sales in 2014 alone, nearly double their sales in2000.
The most damaging fact to Big Oils and Big Foods falseclaims is the price of corn itself. Though outside factors, such as
adverse weather, can cause price spikes from time to time, farmprices for corn have historically been near the cost of production
and the current year is no exception to this trend. Dont be fooled,
the oil and food industries that seek to limit consumer options at
the pump and abolish the renewable fuel standard are doing so toprotect their control over our food and energy markets, plain andsimple. When you peel back all the rhetoric and hype, this is simplya battle about market shareno more, no less, and Big Oil and BigFood will say and do anything to maintain their record prots andnear monopolistic control.
When the truth is laid out in an open and honest fashion,consumers should realize they dont have to choose between highquality, affordable food and renewable energy that is reducing their
gas bills.First-generation ethanol reduces our dependence on foreign
oil, revitalizes our rural communities, improves our environmentand employs nearly 400,000 workers while driving down fuel costsfor consumers. The next generation will make an even greaterimpact. Americas farm families will continue to feed us while
American workers in the U.S. ethanol industry produce the fuel to
power our cars.
Author:Tom BuisCEO, Growth Energy
DRIVE
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16| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
How RINs Really Work, and
Why Big Oil Hates ThemBy Ron Lamberty
One of the central characters in Big Oilsmisinformation campaign on the renewable fuelstandard (RFS) continues to be the RINshortfor renewable identication number. As most of youreading this know, a RIN is a 38-digit number that serves as a proofof purchase seal for oil companies to submit to the U.S. EPA asproof theyve complied with terms of the RFS. Unfortunately,
the Big Oil PR machine has so thoroughly demonized andmischaracterized RINs that even really smart people who shouldunderstand basic principles of economics have completely boughtin to the myth that increased RIN prices equal increased prices atthe pump. The truth is, RINs can only increase the price of fuel thatdoes not contain ethanol, because ethanol blends come complete
with their own RIN attachedno extra charge.In the real world, over the past 15 months, higher RIN prices
helped independent gas station and convenience store owners sellmore renewable fuel than theyve ever sold, well above Big Oilsimaginary 10 percent blend wallat pump prices well belowlower-octane nonblended fuels. Marketers who have sold E85 foryears priced more aggressively, knowing that the RINs they wouldreceive would more than make up for lower pump prices. More
new E85 fueling locations were added last year than in any of thepast ve years. Increased RIN prices helped expand the availabilityof renewable fuels as station owners did the math and realized thatan investment in equipment to sell more renewable fuels would
have a quick payback. The number of retailers offering E15 andhigher ethanol blends continues to expand this year, despite Big Oilcontract restrictions and fear of the mythical liability bogeyman,because independent station owners recognize the opportunities
offered by RINs and greater renewable fuel sales.The ability for independent fuel marketers to sell renewable
fuels at lower prices while improving prot margins by sellingRINs, has given independent fuel marketers something they havenever had before: an advantage over Big Oil.
If Joes Corner Convenience Store and Exxon/Mobil each get
8,000 gallons of E10, they each get 800 RINs. Exxon/Mobil hasto turn theirs in to EPA. Joe doesnt rene products that harm theenvironment, so he can sell his RINs. So far this year, Joes RINs
would be worth about 400 bucks. That means he could sell hisE10 for 5 cents less than the oil company or pass 3 cents along
to customers and make 2 cents more prot. Or he could put $400toward a pump upgrade to sell E15 or E85 or any other blend toget him more RINs. Either way, until Exxon/Mobil sells morerenewables than the RFS requires, it cant compete with Joe.
And thats why Big Oil hates RINs. This is not a positionfamiliar to them, and not one I imagine they see themselves inmuch longer.
A couple of years ago, West Virginia Sen. Jay Rockefellerbecame exasperated at the CEOs of the Big Five oil companiesin a Senate hearing, and told them they were Deeply, profoundlyout of touch, and deeply and profoundly committed to sharingnothing." Rockefeller said the Big Oil execs got that way becauseYou never lose. You've never lost. You always prevail. You alwaysprevail in the halls of Congress, and you do that for a whole varietyof reasons, because of your lobbyists, because of your friends,
because of all the places where you do business. And I don't reallyknow any other business that never loses," he said.
Big Oil knows they dont have to lose on RINs, either. Witha minimal commitment to E15 and/or E85, oil companies wouldhave all the RINs they need and extras for future years. RIN prices
would retreat to the levels of two years agothe last time BigOil bought more renewables than the RFS required. But Big Oil
wont do that, because even minimal E15 exposes 5 percent of amarket that Big Oil currently does not have to worry about winningor losing. It may be hubris to amend John D. Standard Oil
Rockefellers great-grandsons analysis of oil company behavior,but I would suggest that the main reason Big Oil doesnt lose is thatthey very rarely have to play the game.
Author:Ron Lamberty
Senior Vice President,American Coalition for Ethanol
GRASSROOTS VOICE
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EUs Struggle for E10By Robert Vierhout
We all know how much the American industryis struggling to get E15 onto the market. Thepowerful opposition of fossil fuel, automobile and food industriesis effectively blocking the rollout, scaremongering car owners that
E15 is bad for their engines. Even though E15 is probably the mosttested fuel in the U.S., this idea that E15 could harm has an effect.Only a shred of doubt seems to be enough to make consumersconcerned and sceptical.
For European ethanol producers, E15 is still a distant dream.For us, the struggle is to get from E5 to E10. The legislation to offerE10 has been in place since 2009 but its use, even ve years after thelegislation came into force, is still very disappointing.
There are only three countries in Europe where one can buyE10: France, Germany and Finland. Sweden, the Netherlands,Belgium, Lithuania, Bulgaria and the U.K. are considering E10in the future, but the accidents that occurred when E10 wasintroduced in Germany are not yet forgotten and explain the slow
pace of implementation elsewhere.The argument revolving around potential engine damage from
E10 was used by the German car and oil industries. It resonateswith the average motorist who gets scared that one day his car willstop if he lls up with E10. Not surprisingly, E10 sales had a poorstart in Germany when the fuel was introduced in early 2011. Butremarkably, its share is continuously increasing and now stands ataround 17 percent of gasoline salesnot entirely bad for a fuelthat was held with such suspicion. E10 is not only cheaper, but itperforms well too. Since its introduction, not a single car failure hasbeen reported. So much for the scaremongering.
In France, the E10 share is now close to 30 percent of gasolinesales. And, as in Germany, the growth is on the back of shrinking
gasoline consumption. France is topping Germany because the E10introduction was handled better by the government and car/fuelstakeholders.
In the U.K., the government postponed the introduction ofE10, referring to the problems in Germany (what problems?) andsaying indirect land use change policy should be resolved rst at theEU level.
Now a new witch hunt has started. A U.K. car magazinemeasured fuel consumption and emissions from cars running onE10. Tests on four cars found that compared to 100 percent fossilgasoline, the average fuel consumption was 7.7 percent higher
higher with E10, and as a consequence, increased tailpipe emissions.This contrasts markedly with Finnish research from 2011 thatfound little difference between E5 and E10 consumption. Somebasic errors must have been committed during the U.K. tests; fuelconsumption cannot rise that much when using E10 as suggestedby this research. The higher tailpipe emissions are understandable,but do not reect the true lifecycle emissions of the two fuels. Onlyif the emissions of biofuels are measured on a well-to-wheel basiscan we have accurate data on the greenhouse gas emissions ofbiofuels compared to fossil fuels.
The writers of the U.K. magazine article gave the nal blowto E10 by using the old argument: "The new E10 fuel will costU.K. motorists more." But the article didn't indicate in any wayhow much that additional cost would be. The messages they gave
were clear: More fuel consumption, more emissions and moreexpensive. Let's forget about E10.
Why did the writers not bother looking at other EU countriesthat have introduced E10? If they had done so, they would see thatE10 is cheaper, there are no car damages reported and a Finnishstudy concluded E10 fuel consumption is just 1.5 percent highercompared to E5. Also, several very technical studies demonstrateethanols higher octane delivers benets to engine performance,improves the combustion process and increases fuel efciency.
The negative E10 story, however, ts well with the many othersupposed negative impacts of biofuels that appear in the media,of which most, if not all, have been proven to be false. Just likethe myths that biofuels cause food price ination, massive land use
effects and land grabbingthe U.K. E10-study is bogus, too.
Author:Robert VierhoutSecretary-general, ePURE
EUROPE CALLING
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Put BetaTecnatural hop extracts to work in your fermentation
process to replace antibiotics and enhance yeast propagation.
IsoStabis the natural way to effectively control gram-positive
bacteria while eliminating antibiotics and harsh chemicals. Plus,
antibiotic-free DDGS adds value to your co-products. VitaHop
Silver yeast nutrient enhances yeast performance and vitality,
inducing faster fermentations and larger yields. Combined with
BetaTecfermentation expertise and training, these technologies
will significantly increase your plants efficiency.
BetaTecthe natural hop to higher profits. For more information
specific to fuel ethanol producers, visit www.bthp.info.
www.betatechopproducts.com
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20| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
The board of directors of the Neb-raska Corn Board has selected KellyBrunkhorst to serve as the organiza-tions new executive director, effective July
30. He will replace Don Hutchens, whowill retire after holding the position for
27 years. Brunkhorst currently serves as
the director of research for the Nebraska
Corn Board. He began working for the or-
ganization in 2004 after serving as the vice
president of operations and education for
the Nebraska Grain & Feed Association.
During his employment with the Nebraska
Corn Board, Brunkhorst's work included
research, grant writing, seed industry and
rst purchaser relations, and leadership
on issues related to transportation, indus-
trial uses for corn, domestic and interna-
tional markets. He has also represented
the board on national research, production
and stewardship committees, in addition tobeing chosen to participate in two national
strategic planning initiatives.
VecoplanI n t e g r a t e dControls hasadded HenryGilliland to itselectrical engi-
neering team.Gilliland gradu-
ated from North
Carolina State
University in
2012 and brings three years of practical
experience to his new position. He worked
on a co-op basis at Highland Industries
while earning his degree and later worked
as a full-time engineer with the company.
His responsibilities include working with
senior engineers to coordinate the design
and development of individual machine
control panels and turnkey integrated co
trol systems for industrial processing lin
and manufacturing plants.
A v e n t i nRenewable Enegy Inc. has namPam Cookseypurchasing manag
of its 165 MM
wet mill and d
mill ethanol plan
in Pekin, Ill. Pri
to joining AventinCooksey spent 2
years with Tate & Lyle in Lafayette, In
Her responsibilities included purchasin
capital expenditures equipment and neg
tiating contracts and contractor labor rat
on a national and global level. She al
spent 13 years at Archer Daniels Midlan
Co., where she worked in purchasing f
the corn sweetener division.
BUSINESS BRIEFS People, Partnerships & Deals
Cooksey
Gilliland
Brunkhorst Hutchens
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
L a l l e m a n dBiofuels & Dis-tilled Spirits, a
global provider offermentation ingre-
dients to the fuel
and beverage alco-
hol industries, has
appointed AngusBallard as its newgeneral manager.
Ballard joined Lallemand in 2002 as direc-
tor of operations for the North America
Bakers Yeast division and then transi-
tioned into the role of corporate director
of procurement and supply chain for Lal-lemand Inc. in 2007. He has 18 years of
experience in the yeast industry and has
most recently been responsible for Lalle-
mands Global Dry Yeast export business.
DuPont has joined the AdvancedEthanol Council. The companys com-mercial-scale cellulosic ethanol facility is
currently under construction in Nevada,
Iowa. Once complete, the 33 MMgy facil-
ity will utilize a fully integrated end-to-end
production system that will be available
to license globally. DuPont also operates
a demonstration facility in Vonore, Tenn.,that has conrmed the economics of its
biomass procurement strategy and demon-
strated the value proposition of its tech-
nology.
Garner Industries, manufacturer ofBinMaster inventory management systems
and bin level indicators, has promoted
Jenny Christensen to vice president of
marketing for both the Garner and Bin-Master divisions. She is responsible for
driving the companys brand strategy and
revenue growth through new products and
the use of innovative marketing platforms
to expand the companys diverse customer
base. Christensen joined Garner in 2008 as
director of marketing.
Rail Safe Training Inc. has hired
John Licht has market director. The
organization provides training for a varie
of professions, including those involved
transload operations, unit train operation
and agricultural rail terminals. Lichts exprience includes transload terminal site d
velopment, industrial and military railw
training and safety programs.
The NCERat Southern Ilinois UniversiEdwardsville hexpanded its r
search team with thaddition of AruAthmanathan , postdoctoral fello
specializing in cell
losic and advanc
biofuels research. He has experience
the characterization and fermentation
many cellulosic and advanced feedstock
including corn stover and sweet sorghu
bagasse.
Ballard
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22| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
Feb. 10End users of natural gas enjoy a range of pricing op-tions: buy gas in the spot index, on a monthly index or at a xedprice for a variety of terms ranging from a single day to multipleyears. Budget-oriented consumers tend to favor longer-term xedprice purchases to avoid volatility in pricing and more easily forecastcosts. The ethanol industry leans toward shorter-term monthly indexor spot priced purchases, owing to the margin-driven nature of thebusiness and the uncertainty of future markets.
An examination of historical pricing shows a slight pricing ad-vantage for spot transactions. Looking at the Ventura Hub in Iowafrom January 2008 through November 2013, spot prices were dis-counted an average of 5 cents to the corresponding monthly index.Although spot prices were as high as 89 cents over, they also aver-aged as much as $1.67 below. This is a function of a number ofdrivers, including a declining price trend, an upward-sloping forwardcurve and a stronger relationship to the futures market for monthlyindexes than the spot. Thus, purchase portfolios have been heavily
weighted toward the spot market.The past three months ipped the historical script. December
2013 spot pricing at Ventura averaged 87 cents above the monthly
index, and when the dust settled after January, the spot averaged$3.07 premium to the monthly. Including the newest data in the agregate calculation erased any meaningful pricing advantage for thspot market. Consumers focused on short-term pricing instrumenmight want to revisit their thinking on spot versus monthly indepricing, potentially splitting purchases between the two.
Natural Gas Report
Corn Report
Feb. 10The corn market has been aggressive toward the up-side, giving corn producers higher prices in February. Through thefall, managed money pushed values lower, but a lower-than-antici-pated carryout report in January allowed the market to nd a bot-tom. Managed money pushed values higher on short liquidation, andthe bounce was met with producer selling. Old crop values reachedthe upper $4.40s as producers pondered new crop sales. The rstglimpse of planting intentions comes March 31. Until then, the mar-
ket assumes demand is increasing on corn exports. The upside maybe limited due to GMO issues in China. Currently, the USDA proj-ects 1.6 billion bushels of corn to be exported, up from 869 milliona year ago. Feed demand is projected at 5.3 billion bushels, up 965million. This gure could be adjusted in the coming months as grainanimal consuming units have declined in recent years, if the USDAcan conrm this with the March stocks report. Subtle declines in feeddemand could very well be offset by increases in exports.
Globally, many analysts lowered Southern Hemisphere corn pro-jections on less-than-optimal growing conditions, especially later inthe production cycle. World ending stocks declined in February due
to lower carryout in the U.S. and a reduction of Argentina corn prduction. The market that no one pays close attention to is FSU-1(Ukraine), where production and exports increased. Despite buyinin demand at lower values, corns upside is limited due to a near 1billion bushel carryout.
Advantage to spot pricing natural gas disappears by Ben Straus
Lower corn values stimulate feed, export demand by Jason Sagebiel
COMMODITIES Prices & Market Analyses
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
DDGS Report
Ethanol Report
Feb. 10Continued reductions in
gasoline supplies through early 2014 have
created increased buyer interest in both the
RBOB gasoline and ethanol markets. Total
gasoline stocks fell steadily for each of the
rst ve weeks of the year, according to
Energy Information Administration data.
With gasoline stocks well below the level a
year ago and the ve-year average, traders
are expecting additional price strength to
develop ahead of the traditional spring and
summer driving seasons. Gasoline prices
have continued to show strength in not
only futures markets, but also in the spot
and rack markets, as buyers try to gain ac-
cess to additional product, while focusing
on growing demand.
Ethanol futures have beneted from
the tightness of gasoline supplies, but ris-
ing corn prices have weighed on produc-
tion levels through early February. This is
creating some additional price support in
ethanol futures. Front-month markets rose
15 cents per gallon above the previous
months levels as traders tried to keep up
with expected demand growth as well as
increased production costs due to higher
corn prices.
Supplies of both gasoline and etha-
nol are expected to tighten even further
through the upcoming months as demand
increases. This is likely to cause even fur-
ther support in nearby energy prices.
Feb. 10By mid-February, the mar-
ket had rebounded even higher from the
early January lows. The talk of Chinese
rejections has abated, and business is close
to being back to normal, albeit with an un-
derlying fear of when, or if, the other shoe
will drop in China. The hope is that ap-
proval is imminent for the MIR 162 corn
trait that caused the rejection issue.
Domestic buyers took advantage ofJanuary price drop, particularly in the West
Coast markets. With positive cash ows
for the rst half of 2014, dairies there
were locking in feed costs. Nearer to the
plants, buyers are still operating hand to
mouth. With railcars for DDGS moving
very slowly, local truckloads have been
trading at a steep discountup to $35 per
ton below what a loaded railcar garners.
Also, we have been hearing about plants
slowing or shutting down due to ethanol
cars not returning and tightness in natural
gas supplies. Over all, the winter weather is
not helping at all.
DDGS pricing will continue to be
inuenced by what China does, or does
not do, with its import pace and regula-
tory actions. South American crop condi-tions and early season planting prospects
in the U.S. will also have an impact, mak-
ing DDGS prices tough to predict. It does
look as though plants will have opportuni-
ties to lock in most of their year at more
than 120 percent of the value of local
corn prices.
Regional Ethanol Prices ($/gallon)Front Month Futures (AC) $1.957
Region Spot Rack
West Coast 2.250 2.850
Midwest 1.930 2.300
East Coast 2.330 2.574
SOURCE: DT
Regional Gasoline Prices ($/gallon)Front Month Futures Price (RBOB) $2.748
Region Spot Rack
West Coast 2.901 2.833
Midwest 2.689 2.626
East Coast 2.737 2.837
SOURCE: DT
DDGS Prices ($/ton)
Location Apr 2014 Mar 2014 Apr 2013
Minnesota 180 185 260
Chicago 225 214 285
Buffalo, N.Y. 215 220 267
Central Calif. 280 260 315
Central Fla. 262 252 309
SOURCE: CHS In
Corn Futures Prices(May Futures, $/bushel)
Date High Low Close
Feb 7, 2014 4.50 1/2 4.45 3/4 4.50
Jan 7, 2014 4.38 1/4 4.33 4.33 3/4
Feb 7, 2013 7.23 1/2 7.11 1/4 7.12
SOURCE: FCSton
Cash Sorghum ($/bushel)
Location Feb 7,
2014
Jan 16,
2014
Feb 22,
2013
Superior, Neb. 4.46 4.20 6.68
Beatrice, Neb. 4.14 3.98 6.58
Sublette, Kan. 4.30 4.14 6.72
Salina, Kan. 4.44 4.37 6.65
Triangle, Texas 4.37 4.20 6.63
Gulf, Texas 5.57 5.33 7.13
SOURCE: Sorghum Synergie
Natural Gas Prices ($/MMBtu)
Location Dec 31,
2013
Feb 12,
2014
Feb 13,
2013
NYMEX 4.23 4.82 3.23
NNG Ventura 4.86 8.20 3.29
CA Citygate 4.65 6.42 3.59
SOURCE: U.S. Energy Services In
U.S. Ethanol Production (1,000 barrels)
Per Day Month End Stocks
Nov 2013 931 27,915 15,572
Oct 2013 903 27,995 15,771
Nov 2012 825 24,744 19,992
SOURCE: U.S. Energy Information Administratio
Logistics, hard winter conditions slow DDGSmovement, markets remain strong by Sean Broderick
Tighter gasoline supplies liftethanol futures by Rick Kment
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24| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
DISTILLED Ethanol News & Trends
The U.S. EPA has announced it will re-consider the cellulosic volume requirements ofthe 2013 renewable fuel standard (RFS). Last
August, the agency nalized the 2013 RFS rule-making, setting the cellulosic standard at 6 mil-lion gallons. The industry generated less than 1million cellulosic renewable identication num-bers (RINs) last year, however.
The American Petroleum Institute andAmerican Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturersled respective petitions with the EPA in Octo-ber, asking that the 2013 cellulosic standard berevised.
In response to the petitions, EPA Admiistrator Gina McCarthy issued letters to the Aand AFPM in January conrming that the ptitions demonstrate that the statutory critefor reconsideration are satised. Specicalthe petitions included information on reduc2013 production estimates made by a celluloproducer.
McCarthy also indicated that the EPA winitiate a notice and comment rulemaking to rconsider the cellulosic portion of the nal 20RFS rule.
EPA to reconsider 2013 RFS cellulosic volumes
Cellulosic ethanol is undergoing eettesting in Germany. Clariant, Haltermann
and Mercedes-Benz recently announced a12-month project to test an E20 fuel madewith cellulosic ethanol produced using Clari-ants sunliquid process at the companys1,000-ton-per-year demonstration plant inStraubing, Germany.
Haltermann, a German-based oil rener,will blend the resulting ethanol with selectcomponents at its plant in Hamburg. Accord-ing to Clariant, the specications of the result-ing fuel reect potential European E20 fuelquality. A gas station on the Mercedes-Benzsites in Stuttgart-Untertrkheim will dispensethe E20 blend to test eet vehicles.
The eet test will demonstrate that thefuel is ready for market and technically com-patible within series vehicles at a blending rateof 20 percent with super gasoline. This showsthat second-generation biofuels based on agri-cultural residues are now technologically readyand available, not only in production but inapplication as well, said Andre Koltermann,head of group biotechnology at Clariant.
Cellulosic E20 eet testedat demo plant in Germany
Statutory 2013
RFS CellulosicRequirement
1 billion
Final 2013RFS CellulosicRequirement
6 million
Cellulosic RINs Generatedin 2013
D3cellulosic biofuel
D7cellulosic diesel
422,740 395,777
Cellulosic Volumes 2013 Cellulosic Fuel Production(in gallons)
D3cellulosic biofuel
D7cellulosic diesel
281,819 232,808
SOURCE: U.S. EPA
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
Iowa RFA: Ethanol benefts states economy
The Iowa Renewable Fuels Asso-ciation has released the results of an eco-nomic impact study conducted by JohnUrbanchuk of AVF Economics. The re-port highlights the impact of the renew-able fuels industry on Iowas economy.
The analysis shows that the overallrenewable fuels industry, including etha-nol and biodiesel producers, generatednearly $5.6 billion in economic activityin Iowa last year, which equates to ap-proximately 4 percent of the states gross
domestic product (GDP). The renewabfuels industry also generated about $4billion in household income and suported more than 62,000 jobs in Iowa volume equivalent to approximatelypercent of total state employment.
The states ethanol industry alogenerated $10.62 billion in purchase$5.04 billion in GDP, and $3.74 billioin household earnings. It also support55,161 jobs.
DISTILLE
The Economic Engine of Ethanol in Iowa
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
GDP (in millions)
$221.80
$665.00
$257.70
$1,144.50
Jobs
2,253
6,885
4,022
13,161
Income (in millions)
$204.50
$333.20
$143.20
$680.80
SOURCE: ABF ECONOMICS
Mapco Express Inc., a convenience store
operator based in Tennessee, has announced
it will begin offering E15 to customers at new
build and select megastore locations beginning
this year.
Based on the performance of this prod-
uct, our goal will be to add the E15 fuel option
to our megastores as we continue to increase
the number of these locations in the future.
Assuming a successful program, our goal is to
have 100 stores offering E15, said Dan Gor-
don, vice president of business development at
Mapco.
Mapco operates 362 convenience stores
under a variety of brand names. The companyis one of the largest company-operated conve-
nience store chains in the U.S. and a leading C-
store operator in the Southeast. More than half
of its locations are in Tennessee, the remain-
ing are located in Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas,
Mississippi, Kentucky and Virginia.
Southeastern fuel retailerto offer E15 at C-stores
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26| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
DISTILLED
President Obama signed the 2014 FarmBill into law during a Feb. 7 ceremony at
Michigan State University. During his speech,Obama also announced the launch of a newMade in Rural America export and investment
initiative.
Despite its name, the Farm Bill is not justabout helping farmers, Obama said during hisspeech at MSU. Secretary Vilsack calls it ajobs bill; an innovation bill; an infrastructurebill; a research bill; a conservation billits likea Swiss army knife, he continued, noting thelegislation helps create jobs and provides aneconomic lift for rural communities.
The new Made in Rural America initiative
is expected to further benet the U.S. agricul-ture community and related businesses. The
program is charged with bringing togetherfederal resources to help rural businesses and
leaders take advantage of new investmentopportunities and access new customers and
markets abroad.
Obama signs farm bill,launches new initiative
SOURCE: U.S. GRAINS COUNCIL
Experts discuss DDGS export marketopportunities, challenges
Experts in the distillers grains industrydiscussed current market opportunities andchallenges during a recent webinar hostedbyEthanol Producer Magazine.
Distillers grains exports approached anew record as 2013 came to a close, and the
big story was China, which now tops the listof importers. While distillers grains exportmarkets are strong, buyers in many of thesemarkets are imposing new requirementson U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS). In addition, the continued diversi-cation of coproduct streams at U.S. etha-
nol plants presents new challenges with rgard to changing DDGS compositions.
Gerald Shurson, a professor in tUniversity of Minnesotas Department o
Animal Sciences, opened the event with
discussion of feeding trials, consumer nee
and changing DDGS oil content. SeBroderick, DDGS marketing manager CHS Inc., spoke about supply and demanwhile Randy Ives, director of ethanol sevices at Gavilon, closed the webinar wia discussion of the Chinese export markand upcoming regulatory changes.
Top DDGS Destinations
Jan.-Nov. 2012
Jan.-Nov. 2013
China Mexico Canada Japan Vietnam
1,967,445 1,387,950 542,071 354,249 362,033
3,936,826 1,197,704 449,470 342,618 334,414
Vecoplan builds turnkey systems that process biomass to be used in
biorefining applications. Our systems can be used to shred and process corn
stover, switchgrass, bagasse, or any other type of biomass. They are used in
the production of cellulosic ethanol and other second-generation biofuels.
Vecoplan systems provide application specific shredding, stone & metals
removal, screening, separation, conveying, loading & unloading, storage, and
metered feeding of biomass prior to its conversion to advanced biofuels.
Contact us or visit our website today,
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
EPA reveals 2013 RIN dataU.S EPA data indicates nearly 16.62 bil-
lion renewable identication numbers (RINs)were generated last year, including more than13.31 billion D6 renewable fuels RINs. Most
D6 RINs were generated for ethanol, with aminority generated for biodiesel, nonester re-newable diesel and butanol.
Approximately 442,740 D3 cellulosicbiofuel and 387,445 D7 cellulosic diesel RINs
were generated in 2013, bringing the total forcellulosic RINs to about 830,185 RINs.
More than 550.98 million D5 advancbiofuel RINs were generated last year, incluing 457.2 million for ethanol. About 2.72 blion D4 biomass-based diesel RINs were al
generated last year.EPA data shows that nearly 15.39 billio
RINs were generated by domestic producewith 745.24 million generated by importeand 483.24 million generated by foreign enties.
Iogen Corp. has developed and patenteda new method to make drop-in cellulosic bio-fuels from biogas using existing renery assetsand production operations. The company es-timates enough rening capacity is already inplace to produce 5 to 6 billion gallons of thefuel.
The technology involves processing bio-gas to make renewable hydrogen, which is thenincorporated into nished transportation fuelsin selected renery hydrogenating units.
The company developed the biogas-to-
cellulosic fuels approach as it examined send-ing the tail end of fermentations to an anaero-bic digester as a way to increase the efciencyof its cellulosic ethanol process.
Iogen plans to implement the process atlarge-scale cellulosic ethanol plants it plans todevelop in Kansas and North Dakota.
Iogen announcesbiogas-to-renewablehydrogen process
DISTILLE
SOURCE: EPA
2013 RIN Roundup
D3 cellulosic biofuel
D4 biomass-based diesel
D5 advanced biofuel
D6 renewable fuel
D7 cellulosic diesel
422,740
2,724,275,779
556,267,369
13,335,259,120
395,777
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CONSTRUCTION
LAST LIFTS:Abengoa's cellulosic ethanol plant in Hugoton, Kan., began commissioning in February. Getting the job done,more than 1,000 construction workers were on site over the last six months of 2013.PHOTO: ABENGOA BIOENERGY CORP.
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CONSTRUCTION
Beginning last summer, Abengoa
drove especially hard to complete the build.
Starting in about July, we had the big -
nal push to get construction completed,
Standlee said, adding that more than 1,000
construction workers were on site from July
through December. He said it was awe-in-spiring to attend morning safety meetings
and see the entire workforce assembled,
donned in hardhats and reective vests.
Thats a pretty massive undertaking.
With primary construction complete,
contractors were busy setting minor com-
ponents, nishing up the electrical systems
andin the feedstock pretreatment and
yeast propagation areascompleting panel
instrumentation and controls, Standlee said.
The plant began moving through its
second phase, initiating the whole startup
scenario, at the end of January. While going
through its "ramp-up and debugging" pe-
riod at press time, Abengoa was preparing
to begin initial production runs, according
to Standlee.
For the most part, all major construc-
tion is complete, Standlee said. The next
step for the facility is the commissioning
process, which is expected to take some
time. I dont think were going to nish our
commissioning for a while, he added. It
could very well take a period of months.
He expected the process would start in the
rst quarter of the year, probably in Febru-ary.
Another Q2 StartMore than 500 miles northeast of the
Abengoa facility, Poet-DSMs Project Lib-
erty plant is standing tall amongst the prai-
rie and farmland in Emmetsburg, Iowa.
The 25 MMgy plant broke ground in early
2012 and is expected to be the second com-
mercial-scale cellulosic plant to complete its
construction and commissioning this year.
Sitting adjacent to Poets corn ethanol plant,
the facility has taken shape over the past
two years and is now beginning to tower
over the Emmetsburg skyline.
Since last year, the site has gone from
having a few tanks and construction activi-
ties to resembling of a cellulosic plant, ex-
plained Steve Hartig, general manager of
licensing at Poet-DSM. When youre
Emmetsburg, it kind of looms in the sk
line, he said. Photographs of the site co
rmed recent progress. Fermentation an
enzymatic hydrolysis tanks were in plac
and construction was being completed o
the biomass receiving area where feedstopretreatment occurs. Other componen
unique to the biorenery were also in pla
in late January, including an anaerobic d
gester that handles the liquid waste strea
from the ethanol process.
As each project is nished, personn
begin the commissioning process on th
unit, Hartig told EPM. The pretreatme
machinery was being completed and unde
going some commissioning, such as powe
ing up and functionality testing. The ma
hydrolysis and fermentation tanks were, f
the most part, mechanically complete an
had been lled with water to test the pum
and scan for leaks.
As February approached, crews we
focusing on the substantial completion
the plants front-end pretreatment equi
ment, along with its solid fuel boiler an
Commitment makes the best chem
2013 Buckman Laboratories International, Inc.
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STANDING TALL: The multistory steel framework of the Poet-DSM cellulosic ethanol plant rises high above thskyline of Emmetsburg, Iowa.
CONSTRUCTIO
the anaerobic digester. The boiler and di-
gester will utilize the liquid and solid waste
streams to generate steam for both the cel-
lulosic ethanol plant and the neighboring
corn ethanol plant.
Basically, the plant will be mechani-
cally complete at about the end of [the rst
quarter of 2014], and well be starting up in
Q2, Hartig said. As we nish a piece of
the plant, we start doing the testing and the
work on that piece. So its kind of a rolling
process.
Nose to GrindstoneMore than a two-hour drive southeast
from Emmetsburg, the DuPont cellulosic
ethanol plant lays claim to the frosty, win-
ter soil near Nevada, Iowa. The DuPont
facility broke ground on a chilly November
morning in 2012, and has moved throughvarious construction stages since then. The
plant, which is expected to be completed by
midyear, will utilize 590,000 bales of corn
stover each year to produce 30 MMgy of
cellulosic ethanol.
Rather than sharing frequent updates
on its construction progress, DuPont has
played its cards relatively close to the vest,
concentrating more on internal benchmarks
than external communications. I think the
team is almost singly focused on getting this
plant up and running in 2014 and meetingthat milestone, said Wendy Rose, global
public affairs leader at DuPont. The com-
pany is working with its teamsFagen and
KBRto start producing cellulosic ethanol
once the last pieces of the project are n-
ished, she added. Were pretty happy that
construction is continuing on track, and
were going to deliver this in 2014.
As construction progresses, it cer-
tainly catches the attention of those pass-
ing though. Folks that are in the area, theydrive by and say, Wow! This is incredible,
because it is an enormous undertaking, and
we have state-of-the-art technology goin
into this plant, said Rosen.
The plant is still expected to nish co
struction in the fourth quarter of this ye
Rosen told EPM. This team is incredib
focused on hitting these marks because
of that plays right into our capital expe
ditures here, she said. We did a groun
breaking when we said we were going to d
it, and well see an opening when we said wwould do it in 2014.
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32| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
CONSTRUCTION
Farmer FollowingsOne of the most daunting tasks in
creating a cellulosic facility might not be
so much the technology and equipment
challenges, but the procurement of feed-
stock. Weve built numerous ethanol
plants of our own and we know what the
construction process is like, Standlee said.
We know our technology works, were
comfortable with our ability to handle the
product once its there, but one of the big-
gest challenges is the massive amounts of
feedstocks that you have to deal with.
For the past four years, Abengoa h
experts in Hugoton, negotiating and vis
ing with growers to develop a mutual u
derstanding about how to be good stew
ards of the land and avoid overharvesticorn stover. We certainly dont want
spend hundreds of millions of dolla
building a facility and shoot ourselves
the foot by having a farmer nd out he
taking too much stover off his land an
didnt leave enough to stop erosion an
(needed to) leave some of the nitrog
and nutrients back in the soil, Standl
said.
PHOTO: POET-DSM ADVANCED BIOFUELS
PHOTO: ABENGOA BIOENERGY CORP.
SHAPING UP: (top photo) Poet-DSM has secured corn residue from 200 farmers near Emmetsburg, Iow(lower photo) Abengoa needs less than 15 percent of the corn residue available within about 50 milesHugoton, Kan. Both companies secured about 100,000 tons of biomass in the 2013-14 harvest.
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
CONSTRUCTIO
In addition to the summer construc-
tion push, Abengoas other milestone was
being able to harvest more than 100,000
tons of stover by the end of November.As you imagine, that is a massive amount
of feedstock that required a lot of coordi-
nation to get it off the land and into some
sort of storage. Were very proud of that
milestone, Standlee said. Abengoas plant
is able to operate on less than 15 percent
of the available corn stover within a 50-mile
radius, which allows the facility to exist in a
noncaptive market situation, he added.
For Poet-DSM and DuPont, feedstock
procurement has also been a massive, mul-
tiyear undertaking. A group called Poet Bio-
mass has worked for Poet-DSMs outreach
the past seven years to develop the stover
collection procedures and has been step-
ping up its efforts each year to collect ad-
ditional biomass, Hartig said. This year, we
have about 200 farmers under contract to
supply biomass and weve harvested about
100,000 tons of biomass, he explainied.
Thats enough to get us really up and run-
ning through the next harvest. Its going
well, but its taken a lot of time because its
a new crop.
Poet-DSM has established multiplelanes of outreach to local farmers in or-
der to secure its corn stover. In addition
to brochures and informational videos for
farmers dropping off corn at the neighbor-
ing ethanol plant, the company has worked
with university researchers to study corn
stover harvesting and manages booths at
local county fairs to meet growers and local
residents. Its a lot of different outreach,
teaching and talking, Hartig said.
Leveraging its existing grower relation-
ships through Pioneer, DuPont also had asuccessful year securing corn stover for its
cellulosic ethanol plant, with more than
200 farmers participating in its procure-
ment process. This is our fourth harvest
and we have had incredible responses year
over year, Rosen said. The best thing I
can say about it is that we practically have
a 100 percent return rate on folks that have
participated the year before.
DuPont is on track to have enough
feedstock supply once the plant opens.When we license this technology, a lot
of potential licensees and customers will
feel really solid about our expertise in the
supply chain piece, Rosen said. That is a
very complicated piece in this whole puzzle,
which is guring how to build a sustainable
supply chain to fuel a plant that is going
be producing 30 million gallons of fuel p
year. Its a big deal.
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
In a world where Big Oil thinks of cellulosicbiofuel as imaginary pixie dust, KiOR Inc.is among the few companies proving early,and convincingly, that the fuel can be made atcommercial scale.
The Pasadena, Texas-based company produces commercial
volumes of not ethanol but cellulosic gasoline and diesel fuel from
Southern Yellow Pine at its 15 MMgy renery in Columbus, Miss.
Its the rst of several plants the company hopes to replicate withits copy exact strategy.
Before construction was complete on the Columbus facility
in 2012, KiOR signed offtake agreements with Hunt Rening,
Catchlight Energya joint venture between Chevron Corp. and
Weyerhaeuser Co.and FedEx Corporate Services. KiOR and
Catchlight Energy also have a feedstock supply agreement for the
facility. The engineering, procurement and construction rm in
Columbus was KBR.
While KiORs drop-in fuels are not directly subject to the
highly contentious ethanol blend-wall debate, the company does
nd kinship with corn ethanol producers and cellulosic project
developers in its stance against the U.S. EPAs 2014 renewablevolume obligation (RVO) proposal under the federal renewable
fuel standard (RFS). The EPAs 2014 RVO proposal is one of
the biggest obstacles our industry currently faces when it comes
to expansion and development, says Fred Cannon, KiORs
president and CEO. The EPAs current proposal has the potential
to signicantly hamper the industrys ability to obtain affordable
capital to grow and compete with conventional fuels. A stable
regulatory policy is of vital importance for the continued growth
and advancement of the renewable fuels industry.
Its not just the investment-blocking regulatory uncertain
that impedes the progress of KiOR, not to mention every oth
advanced biofuel project under development. Technical obstacl
encountered on the commercial scale-up learning curve abound well. This story is all too familiar to cellulosic ethanol producer
whose commercial realization perpetually seems just a few yea
away. But these kinds of hindrances can be expected when worki
to revolutionize the worlds energy production paradigm.
On a recent operational update conference call, Canno
spoke about his companys plan to increase the performance anoperational output of the Columbus facility. He opened the c
with an overview of KiORs 2013 biofuel production. During th
fourth quarter of 2013, Cannon said KiOR produced 385,0
gallons of fuel, 41 percent of which was cellulosic gasolin
37 percent cellulosic diesel, and 22 percent fuel oil. Total fu
production for 2013 was 597,000 gallonsfar less than the plan
15 MMgy nameplate capacity. To boost performance, the compan
plans to complete a series of optimization projects and upgrade
KiOR will also continue its research and development effor
aimed at increasing yields while improving operational efcien
and operational economics.
KiORs technology works similarly to an oil renery, whi
involves catalytic cracking and hydrotreating, but instead of usin
petroleum crude as feedstock, it uses woody biomass. KiOR
biomass uid catalytic cracking unit (BFCC) is similar in conce
to the uid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in a renery, but has be
modied to accommodate a solid feed rather than a liquid feed
Cannon tells EPM. KiOR has a proprietary catalyst with physic
properties similar to a typical FCC catalyst to promote the desire
reactions needed to convert the solid biomass into a liquid fuel
According to Cannon, the biomass contacts a hot catalyst, vaporiz
and forms coke and both noncondensable and condensable gase
PROCES
MOVING PRODUCT: In the fourth quarter of last year, KiOR moved 385,000 gallons of product, including cellulosic gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. This was more than half production for all of 2013.
PHOTO: KIOR INC.
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BIOMASS TRANSFER: When operating at nameplate capacity, the Columbus facility should be able to proce
500 bone-dry tons a day of Southern Yellow Pine.
The coke stays on the catalyst and is
burned off in the regenerator to provideheat for the process, he explains. The
noncondensable gases are burned in a
waste heat boiler and turn a steam turbine
generator to provide electricity for the
process. The condensable gases are
separated and result in renewable crude,
which we upgrade into our cellulosicfuels.
The optimization projects to be madethis year include making changes to the
BFCC unit, hydrotreater and wood yard
to eliminate bottlenecks. The Columbus
facility can currently process between 250
and 300 tons of biomass daily, yielding
around 30 gallons per ton. When operatingat nameplate capacity, the facility should
be able to process 500 bone-dry tons daily
with signicantly higher yields.
Optimization to the BFCC unit will
include integration of next-generation
catalysts. We have relationships with
multiple catalyst suppliers and workclosely with them to manufacture our
catalyst while guarding our intellectual
property, Cannon says. Our world-class
team of scientists works around the clock
on different types of catalysts along with
tweaks on existing platforms.
At KiORs research and development
facilities in Pasadena, the company hasmultiple hydrotreaters that it uses to
conduct research. More specical
Cannon says, KiOR is buildin
optimization know-how that yiel
minimum volumes of fuel oil and of
spec product.
Furthermore, the company inten
to reduce its natural gas consumption
the Columbus facility through more he
integration throughout the plant and,
the case of natural gas used for hydroge
generation, reduced consumption hydrogen at the hydrotreater itself. Mo
broadly, wherever natural gas is sole
used for heat duty, it can be replace
with biomass, like in the case of biomas
powered dryers and other sorts
technology present in the forest produc
industry today, Cannon says.
He continues, We expect the vario
projectswhich we have determin
are necessary to optimize the facili
based on our operating experience an
learnings over the last yearwill requi
approximately $10 million of capiinvestment over the course of 2014. W
are actively pursuing a number of ways
nance this project.
The successful execution of KiOR
optimization efforts in Columbus
critical to getting future plants nance
including the Columbus II project, whic
seeks to replicate the optimized Columb
facility at the same location. Bigger y
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
KiOR is looking at developing its agship
facility, scaled at three times the size of its
Columbus plant, in Natchez, Miss.
KiORs process works, and it works
well, based on thousands of hours of
research and development at our lab,
pilot- and demonstration-scale facilitiesin Pasadena, Cannon says. Since its
inception, KiORs pilot facility has accrued
more than 10,000 hours of operation and
evaluated more than 250 catalyst systems.
Its demonstration plant has 400 times the
processing capacity of its pilot plant and
produces 15 barrels of renewable crude aday.
The companys copy exact strategy
is not quite what it seems, though. Rather
than duplicating the Columbus facility,
which contains the BFCC technology to
convert woody biomass to renewable crudeand hydrotreating to upgrade the crude oil
to diesel and gasoline, the copy exact
strategy intends to develop multiple BFCC
facilities that deliver renewable crude oil to
a centralized upgrading processing plant.
Developing a new technology is
always a challenge, and we are learning
more about our technology every day,
Cannon says. Our commitment toinnovation and research and developments
has been, and will continue to be, what
drives our progress and success.When asked what advice he could
share with other cellulosic biofuel project
developers from experiences gained in
commercial scale up, Cannon says he has
nothing to add. Let them learn the hard
way like we have, he says. As for what the
company has learned in its commercial
experiences to optimize its own production,
Cannon says, Weve learned that creating
a strong foundation is the best way to
generate sustainable, long-term success.
Weve learned that continued research and
development efforts are a great way toimprove yields, operational efciency and
the economics for our existing and future
commercial facilities.
Author: Ron KotrbaEditor, Biodiesel Magazine
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PROCESS
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38| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
The Sugar ProducersSweetwater Energy and Proterro aim for low-cost sugar that may give todays corn ethanol plants glide path into advanced ethanol production.
By Susanne Retka Schill
INNOVATION
NEW PATHS:Sweetwater Energy hosted tours of its demonstration facility, incorporating a Wizard of Oztheme to lead guests along a yellow brick road with color-codetanks. It helps people remember, says CEO Arunas Chesonis.
PHOTO: SWEETWATER ENERGY
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40| Ethanol Producer Magazine| APRIL 2014
demonstration scaleNaturally Scientics
demo plant in Nottingham, U.K., has been
operational for two years, and Sweetwater
completed its demo in Rochester, N.Y.,
about a year ago. They also plan to build
a commercial facility in Rochester, whichNaturally Scientic will use to scale up its
other new technology that converts carbon
dioxide into C3 sugars.
As the nal details for both the
Wisconsin and New York projects are
nalized, Chesonis says his team is
making the nal push on raising money.
The company also expects to receive a
loan guarantee through the export bankof Denmark, due to the use of Danish
technology.
Raising capital and launching startupsis not new to Chesonis. My [chief
nancial ofcer] and I raised $4 billion
in our last company, he says, but then
adds, Any time its a new technology thathasnt been proven at scale yet, its always
a challenge. Chesonis comes from the
telecommunications sector, where he
led and sold two successful companies.
He brought key executive ofcers with
him when he took on the leadership at
Sweetwater as they decided to shift focus
to cleantech. One reason, he explains, was
to avoid the sort of market dynamics thatdrove the telecomm prices down 75 percent
over a decade, although commodity markets
have their own headaches, he admits.
The companys goal is to be able to
produce its sugars for 10 to 12 cents per
pound and, including the return to investors,
sell them for 17 to 18 cents per pound,
Chesonis says. That will be competitive
with the price of dextrose, which is in the
low 20-cent range, although he adds his
company is currently paying 25 to 30 cents
per pound for dextrose to supplement itscellulosic sugars for Naturally Scientics
development work.
Mimicking NatureProterros ambition is to provide an
even lower-cost sugar. Its unique sugar
platform harnesses the power of the sun in
a photobioreactor where microbes convert
carbon dioxide and nutrients into easily
fermentable sucrose. CEO Kef Kasdinsays the companys economic projections
indicate a production cost around 5 cents
per pound. A pilot facility with four full-
size reactors has been in operation since
September in Orlando, Fla., collecting data
to conrm those projections.
The Proterro bioreactor mimics a leaf
by growing cyanobacteria microorganisms
on a fabric surface, providing maximum
exposure to sunlight while a thin layer of
water and nutrients ows across the surface.The fabric is enclosed in a polyethylene
balloon lled with air and carbon dioxide.
At ambient temperatures, the cyanobacteriasecrete sugars which are carried away in the
owing water. That sugar water could go
directly into ethanol production or we may
need to further concentrate it, Kasdin
explains.
Using off-the-shelf components
plastic, the special fabric and plumbing
the capital cost for the photobioreacto
is very different from the typic
biorenery system. The entire resear
and development program has cost
million to date, according to Kasdin.
looks more like agriculture and not at
like a chemical plant, she adds. While th
modular system is relatively simple, wh
will contribute to the cost is the numb
of photobioreactors needed and the lan
area to support them. Current estimatare that a system of photobioreacto
would produce the same amount of sug
as sugarcane on one-thirtieth of the land
With a minimum temperature of
degrees Fahrenheit needed for the microb
to be productive, the outdoor systems anot meant for winter climates, althoug
power or chemical plants would be able
utilize waste heat and CO2in the system
potentially extending their reach from th
far south. Kasdin says the sugar watproduced in the South can be concentrat
for shipment to northern ethanol plan
INNOVATION
SIMPLIFYING THE PROCESS: Chief technology ofcer John Aikens, co-inventor of Proterro technology and a cfounder of the company, shows the bioreactor in collapsed form.
PHOTO: PROTERRO
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APRIL 2014| Ethanol Producer Magazine|
INNOVATIO
plus the company is looking at the Brazilian
industry for potential customers. The
advantages to the Proterro system will be
its low cost and the modular approach
that will allow incremental expansion, plus
the ability to use waste carbon dioxide toproduce a clean sucrose that contains no
inhibitors.
As the pilot work continues, Proterro
is now raising capital to nance a
demonstration-scale project and lookingfor potential partners with waste carbon
dioxide to host it. Proterros R&D efforts
to date have been backed by Battelle
Ventures, Braemar Energy Ventures,
Cultivian Ventures and Middleland Capital.
With patents in place on the latest
designs and the demonstration phaseapproaching, the company is laying the
groundwork to clear the regulatory hurdles.
The use of a genetically modied organism
requires preparing a Microbial Commercial
Activity Notice for review by the EPA.The company will