Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr ... Bergman.pdf · Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr interoperabilidad Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago,

Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr

interoperabilidad

Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago, Chile

Mariano Michael Bergman

ITRON - Marketing and B&D Manager – Electricity – LAM

[email protected]

Campinas – Brazil

Presentation Contents:

� Interoperability

� Definition

� Market Drivers / Overview

� Different Levels of Interoperability� Mechanical

� Electrical

� Functionalities

� AMR - Communication� AMR - Communication

� AMI – Communication

� AMI - Interoperability� Definition

� Market Overview

� Standards Types� IEC, ANSI, proprietary

� Conclusion


Interoperability :

� Definition: Is a property referring to the ability of

diverse systems to work together (inter-operate).

The IEEE defines interoperability as:

the ability of two or more systems or components to

exchange information and to use the information that

has been exchanged.has been exchanged.

�Interoperability is key:

� Protects large capital investment

� No vendor can deliver the “best” entire solution

� Simplifies “technology refresh”


Market Drivers towards Interoperability

� Market liberalization and global competition created a

complex environment and new needs for meter data collection,

exchange and usage.

� Energy providers, focusing on improving O&M efficiency, � Energy providers, focusing on improving O&M efficiency,

revenue collection, customer satisfaction, reducing non

technical and technical losses and striving to optimize the use of

their resources, need metering systems that provide more data,

more often, from geographically dispersed locations.

� Accurate data on time, securely, with the lowest possible

overall cost are needed.


� Types and Levels of INTEROPERABILITY

� Mechanical

� Electrical

� Functions

� Communication AMR� Communication AMR

� Communication AMI


Two main worlds for Electricity

• IEC International Electrical Committee

- The largest territories (Except NAM)

- Regional customization CENELEC (Europe)

• UTE France, VDEW Germany, British standard …

6

• ANSI family

- North America US, Canadian standards

- Part of Central & South America

- Caribbean and part of Pacific area

IEC : Terminal box, Indoor

ANSI : Meter socket, Out door

Mechanical (Dimensions and Connections)

Symmetrical connection

Asymmetrical (DIN type) connection

ELECTRICAL

All world in one continent

LAM

SP - 2W and 3W

PP - 3W 4W Delta YPP - 3W 4W Delta Y

Voltages: 120 V and 230 V

Frequency: 60Hz 50Hz

Internationsl Standards: ANSI, IEC

National Standards: ...


Meter Functions

(Residential / C&I)

Billing:� kWh

� kVarh

� PF

Non Billing:� I / V / F /

� Mass Memory

� Anti Tampering � PF

� Máx. Demand

� 15 / 30 min

� Anti Tampering

Functions.


Meter Communication

Mechanical Registers + Display

First communication to the meter was done through the mechanical

register that at the beginning was done with pointer so the meter

reader could draw instead of write the numbers. With the static

meters introduction of new information must be communicated through

an LCD type display.

Optical / Electrical Port + HHU

Applied to direct local data exchange. Meter reader connects a hand-

held unit (HHU) to a meter or group of meters to download the

information. More recently with the advent of AMR the local

communication is only used for back up reading and for

reprogramming the meter in the field

IEC 62056-21 / FLAG (Direct local data exchange) describes

hardware and protocol specifications for local meter data exchange.

The protocol permits tariff devices to be read and programmed. It is

designed to be particularly suitable for the environment of electricity

metering, especially as regards electrical isolation and data security.

Meter Communication

Optical / Electrical Port + HHU

IEC 62 056-31 EURIDIS working with twisted pair cables for local

or remote reading of residential meters. The basic EURIDIS solution

uses a field bus for communication. Each meter is linked to the

EURIDIS local bus, which consists of a two-wire cable connected to a

magnetic coupler, generally located in the public domain. The operator

simply connects a handheld unit to the magnetic coupler so that it can

read each meter safely.

ANSI C12.18-2006 details the criteria required for communications

between a C12.18 device and a C12.18 client via an optical port. The

C12.18 client may be a handheld reader, a portable computer, a master

station system or some other electronic communications device. This

standard establishes protocol specifications and provides an open-

platform communications protocol for two-way communication with a

metering device through an ANSI Type 2 optical port.

Several Local Standards


AMRAMR

Communication - AMR

Fixed Network

Meter Reading

Tra

nsf

orm

ati

on

Meter Reading

Utility and Customer Benefits

Technology

Integration

Mobile

Meter

Reading

Handheld

Meter

Reading

Co

sts

–V

alu

e C

ha

in

Simple consumption read Distribution ReliabilityInterval Meter Data

Co

st p

er

rea

dT

ran

sfo

rma

tio

n

Security

Operational Efficiency

Revenue Cycle Improvement

Lower Meter Reading Costs

Revenue Protection

Outage/Restoration Notification

Voluntary TOU

Meter Communication - AMR

AMR (Walk-By, Dive By, Fixed Network)


AMR - Walk-By

Data Collection by Handheld Computer

This lets meter readers gather data from Static meters or Mechanical meters equipped

with ERTs without directly accessing the meter or the premises. The same handheld

computer can read any combination of electric, gas and water meter modules as the

meter reader walks the route. Back at the office, meter readers plug their computers into meter reader walks the route. Back at the office, meter readers plug their computers into

the utility’s network for automated uploading of gathered data and downloading of the

next day’s routes.

A meter reader using a radio-equipped handheld computer can read anywhere from 600

to 1000 meters in a typical day. significantly more than with a system based on manual

data entry. Utilities switching to automated meter reading with handheld computers can

see cost reductions coupled with more accurate and timely billing, which helps with

revenues. This method works well for small- to mid-sized utilities and those planning a

slower transition away from completely manual meter reading.



AMR - Drive By

Data Collection by Mobile Collector

For larger-scale automatic meter reading, utilities can equip vehicles with portable computers and

radio transceivers meters. The speed of a car or van, compared to a meter reader on foot,

dramatically improves meter reading frequency. That increased frequency gives utilities more

possibilities to use data for saving costs and improving operations.

While the meter reader drives the mobile collection vehicle along its route, the radio transceiver While the meter reader drives the mobile collection vehicle along its route, the radio transceiver

gathers data from meters within a radius of up to 900 meters. At the end of the day, the gathered

data are uploaded to the billing system for bill generation and the next day’s route downloaded.

Mobile data collections systems now come with state-of-the-art GPS mapping systems that let

users “see” their data collection process and analyze any missed readings before leaving a route.

Once the route has been completed and the meter reader has returned to the office, the system

administrator can then play back the route that was driven to identify opportunities to optimize

routes and improve meter reading.

Mobile data gathering excels in a variety of environments. A single transceiver will read an average

of 10,000 to 12,000 meters in an 8-hour shift with a single service, depending on meter density and

system use. Mobile collection can also save time and costs in rural and industrial areas where

meters may be too distant, difficult, or dangerous to reach effectively on foot.


AMR - Fixed Network

Reading by Fixed Network

Utilities install a fixed network of central collection units for automatic meter reading. A

central collection unit consists of a radio transceiver mounted on a pole, tower, or building

gathering data from the meters within its radio reception range. Phone lines, IP, gathering data from the meters within its radio reception range. Phone lines, IP,

broadband, cellular, or other data connections provide communications with the utility.

This permanently-installed data collection equipment gives utilities incredible

opportunity and flexibility, including identifying electric service outages and restoration.

Some utilities use a fixed network in more densely populated urban areas where high

energy consumption and high account turnover in multiple-occupant buildings makes on-

demand meter reading desirable. Other utilities install a fixed network in their service

area when they need to gather very frequent readings to help with operational

improvements. The amount of data that fixed networks can generate only truly

becomes useful with the right data management and knowledge applications to analyze

that data.

Market Overview

• Enabling technologies, like low-cost A/D converters, microcontrollers, DSP-s, high capacity memories and latest communication methods are driving a revolution started some 30 years ago in a conservative industry, dominated for more than a century by electromechanical meters and manual meter reading meters and manual meter reading

• Since 2006, interest in smart metering and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has rapidly accelerated


AMIAMI

Smart Grid

Communication - AMI

Open Standards,

Tra

nsf

orm

ati

on

Moving from AMR to AMI

AMRAMR

Open Standards,

Two-way

Communications

to smart meter

Fixed Network

Meter Reading

Utility and Customer Benefits

Technology

Integration

Mobile

Meter

ReadingHandheld

Meter

ReadingCo

sts

–V

alu

e C

ha

in

Simple consumption read Distribution ReliabilityInterval Meter Data

Co

st p

er

rea

dT

ran

sfo

rma

tio

n

Low Meter Reading Costs

Operational Efficiency

Revenue Cycle Improvement

Security

Revenue Protection

Outage/Restoration Notification

Voluntary TOU

CPP Rates

Mandatory Time Based Rates

Remote Disconnect/prepayment

Mass Market Demand Response

Home Automation

Distribution Management

AMI

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):

An architecture of smart meters and advanced two-way communications providing essential infrastructure and information to:

– Reduce Technical and Non Technical Losses.

– Improve Revenue Collection – Help consumers – Improve Revenue Collection – Help consumers pay their bills.

– Empower customer participation in managing their energy usage and conservation

– Improve efficiency and reduce utility general O&M cost

AMI must deliver AMR functionality and

improved revenue performance


LOSSES - SAM

LAM / SAM - Main DRIVERS

LOSSES - SAM

� Main causes of Non Technical Losses (NTL) :� Metering tampering (inside the meter)

� Outside the Meter (direct connection, by pass,…)

� Meters outside of metrology range (old meters)

� Revenue Collection Losses (RCL) :� Bad payers

� By example / habit

� Low income / manage consumption

� Reading errors (un volunteered / volunteered)

� Commercial Errors

Source CIER

LAM – SAM Main DRIVERS

Sleeping MetersDirect Connections

Fraude MktMeter by pass Hold Disk

Remote Control Fraud"We have a device that takes the electricity coming into your house and sends it back to the

power company so your meter reads nothing!" All the "electricity" that enters your house IS

returned to the power company! That's why it takes two wires to complete a "circuit".

On top of RAS there are OTHER ECONOMIC BENEFITS:

� Reading Cost � Complex Tariffs� Spot pricing

Revenue Assurance Solutions (RAS) are based AMI systems

with a more customized approach to Losses.

� Spot pricing� MM Data� Load Control� Power Quality (DEC / FEC)� Special Readings� Reduce General O & M Costs � Increase average meters reading per day� Eliminate estimated reads � Fewer employee injuries / motor vehicle accidents � Reduce customer calls to the Call Center� Reduce damage to customer property� Exceed service quality standards for meters read� Outage detection and recovery capabilities� Increase customer quality of services awareness

AMI - INTEROPERABILITY

Crear

Medición

E. Eléctica

Recolectar

Handhelds

UtilizarAdministrar

MDM

Informar /

Controlar

SCADA

ERP

Medición

E. Gas

Medición

agua

Medición

E. Térmica

Concentradores

Rutas

MDC

Pronóstico

consumos

Optimización

De distribución

Sistema

protección

De la

facturaciónAtención clientes

MDM

Administración

Sistemas prepago

Billing

Information flowing upstream


AMI: Enabling

Consumer Participation

Simple awareness

Direct load control

Price response

Demand response, conservation

Energy management

Manage

Control

Going “green”

Plug In cars

Inform

Solar

Going “green”

Information flowing downstream

� Legal (country dependant) MANDATORY

� Legal metrology (Financial transaction involved)

� Communications

Hierarchy of the standards

To operate this Systems Successfully

and with INTEROPERABILITY

you need STANDARDS

26

� Communications

� Environment

� National / International MANDATORY OR NOT standards

� Enclosure, terminals, environment, communications, security

� Utility´s own standards

� Large utility specifications (EDF, ENEL…)

� De facto industrial standard

� Communications protocol TCP/IP, GSM…


� Open + International = ANSI / IEC

� Advantages: Implemented by most meter / systems manufacturers,

big customer base guaranties lower cost, interoperability and quality.

Development cost is spread over a large customer base. Standard

quality is robust since is reviewed buy a large technical community of

Utilities, Manufacturers and other organizations.

High level of interoperability.High level of interoperability.

� Disadvantages: Compromises have to be made at some level for

specific applications. One size doesn´t fit all. Can be more expensive

then a specific implementation.

NON MANDATORY STANDARDS


� Proprietary (Utility) EDF / ENEL

� Advantages: Developed according to specific utility needs for the

best return on investment. Less compromise. Development cost is high

but spread over a large customer base (> 35 million). Product cost is

also kept low due to high volumes.

Highest level of interoperabilityHighest level of interoperability

� Disadvantages: Product Differentiation / Added Value is limited

since specifications are usually very rigid. Needs a strong technical and

financial commitment from the utility.



� Open + National

� Advantages: Usually based on International standards with local

customization to adapt to local needs. Adaptation cost is spread over

a medium customer base and usually is done locally.

Medium level of Interoperability

� Disadvantages: Customizations can introduce additional cost

(justify by the local application) and must be carefully defined and (justify by the local application) and must be carefully defined and

implemented in order to avoid losing overall robustness.



� Proprietary (Manufacturer)

� Advantages: Normally applied for communication, developed for

best product performance and cost. Lower product compromise…

Good for niche markets where some standards can bring a high

burden to the product. Can be a good solution when there is a strong

partnership between manufacturer and utility.

Low level of interoperability

� Disadvantages: Utility has to rely on less vendors (one).



� Adoption of ANSI C12.19 (meter data in standard tables)� Adoption driven by utility industry

� For many utilities, C12.19 data is already mandatory, mature

� ANSI C12.22 is the application layer protocol standard for AMI

Open Standards ANSI C12.XX

� ANSI C12.22 is the application layer protocol standard for AMI� Builds on ANSI C12.19

� Support structure ties in with other utility C12.xx standards

� Makes full provision for system interoperability

� Its development was meter-data centric

� Has followed a well considered evolution to its current form

� Offers network addressability & security at the application layer

� Independent regarding the communications technology chosen


• C12.22 is an application or system protocol that provides for the transport of C12.19 data tables over any network medium. Its features include:– A methodology for both session and “session-less” communications

– A common data encryption and security model

– A common addressing mechanism for use over both proprietary and

C12.22 Features

– A common addressing mechanism for use over both proprietary and non-proprietary network mediums

– Interoperability among metering devices within a common communication environment

– System integration with 3rd-party devices through common interfaces and gateway abstraction (non-C12.22 compliant)

– Both two-way and one-way communications with end devices


Open Standards IEC 62056-XX

DLMS: “Device Language Message specification” A generalized concept for abstract modeling of communication entities

COSEM: “COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering” Sets the rules, based on existing standards, for data exchange with energy meters


�IEC 62056-21 (Direct local data exchange) describes hardware and protocol specifications for local

meter data exchange. In such systems, the operator connects a hand-held unit (HHU) or a unit with

equivalent functions to a tariff device or a group of devices.

� IEC 62056-62 (COSEM* interface classes) and IEC 62056-61 (OBIS*) describe an energy type, vendor-

and communication media independent model of the metering equipment. The COSEM model, object

oriented approach, working with objects close to the metering domain (like registers, profiles, clock,

schedules, communication setup and so forth), provides a standardized view of the data generated,

stored, displayed on and transmitted from the meter. The OBIS system provides a solution for identifying

all metering data in a standardized way. Through standardized ways to add new interface classes and

instances, the model supports innovation and competition while maintaining interoperability.

IEC Features

instances, the model supports innovation and competition while maintaining interoperability.

�IEC 62056-42 (Physical layer services and procedures), IEC 62056-46 (Data link layer using HDLC*

protocol) and IEC 62056-53 (COSEM application layer) describe a three-layer protocol stack, based on

the ISO/OSI model, to transport data to and from the meter using the COSEM model described above.

Interoperability is ensured through the possibility of negotiating features and parameters of each layer.

* COSEM: COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering

* DLMS: Distribution Line Message Specification

* HDLC: High-level Data Link Control

* OBIS: OBject Identification System)

HAN: ZigBee Smart Energy Profile

� ZigBee Smart Energy is an

open-standard application for

energy management.� Designed in conjunction with utilities and

manufacturers

� Tested and certified interoperability

ZigBee Smart Energy profile

� Tested and certified interoperability

� Smart Energy helps simplify, standardize,

and automate demand response and

energy conservation

� Certified devices for secure home-area

networks are available today

� Meters, thermostats, load control, outlets,

in-home displays

� Advanced smart metering standards

� ANSI C12.10 � C12.19 � C12.22

� IEC 62056 – XX

� Network communications� ZigBee® wireless networking

� HomePlug® powerline networking

� Public / private WAN:

OpenWay: Open Standards Architecture

Open standards support network-of-networks

� Public / private WAN:

� GPRS / 1xRTT / CDMA

� WiMax / Tropos / Arcadian

� Information technology standards

� Internet Protocol (IP)

� Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

� Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)

� Web Services Description Language (WSDL)


Conclusion

� Interoperability is key�Protects large capital investment �No vendor can deliver the entire

solution� Simplifies “technology refresh”

� Why open standards?� Why open standards?�Deliver interoperability�Allow for application growth not

envisioned today�Best when focused at application layer�Any communication medium

can be used


Thank You.

Mariano Michael Bergman

ITRON - Marketing and B&D Manager – Electricity – LAM

[email protected]

Campinas – Brazil

To know more, start here: www.itron.com


Documents

Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr ... Bergman.pdf · Estandares de medición “inteligente” para lograr interoperabilidad Smart Grids Latin America 2008, Santiago,