Table 1Table 1: Human Development Index and its componentsHDI rankHuman Development Index (HDI)Life expectancy at birthMean years of schoolingExpected years of schoolingGross national income (GNI) per capitaHuman Development Index (HDI)Change in rankValue(years)(years)(years)(2011 PPP $)Value201320132012a2012a201320122012-2013Very high human development1Norway0.94481.512.617.663,9090.94302Australia0.93382.512.819.941,5240.93103Switzerland0.91782.612.215.753,7620.91604Netherlands0.91581.011.917.942,3970.91505United States0.91478.912.916.552,3080.91206Germany0.91180.712.916.343,0490.91107New Zealand0.91081.112.519.432,5690.90808Canada0.90281.512.315.941,8870.90109Singapore0.90182.310.2b15.4c72,3710.899310Denmark0.90079.412.116.942,8800.900011Ireland0.89980.711.618.633,4140.901-312Sweden0.89881.811.7b15.843,2010.897-113Iceland0.89582.110.418.735,1160.893014United Kingdom0.89280.512.316.235,0020.890015Hong Kong, China (SAR)0.89183.410.015.652,3830.889015Korea (Republic of)0.89181.511.817.030,3450.888117Japan0.89083.611.515.336,7470.888-118Liechtenstein0.88979.9d10.3e15.187,085f,g0.888-219Israel0.88881.812.515.729,9660.886020France0.88481.811.116.036,6290.884021Austria0.88181.110.8b15.642,9300.880021Belgium0.88180.510.9b16.239,4710.880021Luxembourg0.88180.511.313.958,6950.880024Finland0.87980.510.317.037,3660.879025Slovenia0.87479.611.916.826,8090.874026Italy0.87282.410.1b16.332,6690.872027Spain0.86982.19.617.130,5610.869028Czech Republic0.86177.712.316.424,5350.861029Greece0.85380.810.216.524,6580.854030Brunei Darussalam0.85278.58.714.570,883h0.852031Qatar0.85178.49.113.8119,029g0.850032Cyprus0.84579.811.614.026,7710.848033Estonia0.84074.412.016.523,3870.839034Saudi Arabia0.83675.58.715.652,1090.833035Lithuania0.83472.112.416.723,7400.831135Poland0.83476.411.815.521,4870.833-137Andorra0.83081.2d10.4i11.7n40,597j0.830037Slovakia0.83075.411.615.025,3360.829139Malta0.82979.89.914.527,0220.827040United Arab Emirates0.82776.89.113.3k58,0680.825041Chile0.82280.09.815.120,8040.819141Portugal0.82279.98.216.324,1300.822043Hungary0.81874.611.3b15.421,2390.817044Bahrain0.81576.69.414.4l32,072h0.813044Cuba0.81579.310.214.519,844m0.813046Kuwait0.81474.37.214.685,820g0.813-247Croatia0.81277.011.014.519,0250.812048Latvia0.81072.211.5b15.522,1860.808049Argentina0.80876.39.816.417,297h0.8060High human development50Uruguay0.79077.28.515.518,1080.787251Bahamas0.78975.210.912.6n21,4140.788051Montenegro0.78974.810.5o15.214,7100.787153Belarus0.78669.911.5o15.716,4030.785154Romania0.78573.810.714.117,4330.782155Libya0.78475.37.516.121,666h0.789-556Oman0.78376.66.813.642,191h0.781057Russian Federation0.77868.011.714.022,6170.777058Bulgaria0.77773.510.6b14.315,4020.776059Barbados0.77675.49.415.413,6040.776-160Palau0.77572.4d12.2p13.712,8230.773061Antigua and Barbuda0.77476.08.9p13.818,8000.773-162Malaysia0.77375.09.512.721,8240.770063Mauritius0.77173.68.515.616,7770.769064Trinidad and Tobago0.76669.910.812.325,3250.765065Lebanon0.76580.07.9o13.216,2630.764065Panama0.76577.69.412.416,3790.761267Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)0.76474.68.614.217,0670.763-168Costa Rica0.76379.98.413.513,0120.761-169Turkey0.75975.37.614.418,3910.756070Kazakhstan0.75766.510.415.019,4410.755071Mexico0.75677.58.512.815,8540.755-171Seychelles0.75673.29.4o11.624,6320.755-173Saint Kitts and Nevis0.75073.6d8.4p12.920,1500.749073Sri Lanka0.75074.310.813.69,2500.745275Iran (Islamic Republic of)0.74974.07.815.213,451h0.749-276Azerbaijan0.74770.811.2o11.815,7250.745-177Jordan0.74573.99.913.311,3370.744077Serbia0.74574.19.513.611,3010.743179Brazil0.74473.97.215.2q14,2750.742179Georgia0.74474.312.1r13.26,8900.741279Grenada0.74472.88.6p15.810,3390.743-182Peru0.73774.89.013.111,2800.734083Ukraine0.73468.511.315.18,2150.733084Belize0.73273.99.313.79,3640.731084The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia0.73275.28.2r13.311,7450.730186Bosnia and Herzegovina0.73176.48.3o13.69,4310.729087Armenia0.73074.610.812.37,9520.728088Fiji0.72469.89.915.77,2140.722089Thailand0.72274.47.313.113,3640.720090Tunisia0.72175.96.514.610,4400.719091China0.71975.37.512.911,4770.715291Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.71972.58.6p13.310,3390.717093Algeria0.71771.07.614.012,5550.715093Dominica0.71777.7d7.7p12.7n9,2350.716-195Albania0.71677.49.310.89,2250.714296Jamaica0.71573.59.612.58,1700.715-397Saint Lucia0.71474.88.3p12.89,2510.715-498Colombia0.71174.07.113.211,5270.708098Ecuador0.71176.57.612.3n9,9980.7080100Suriname0.70571.07.712.015,1130.7021100Tonga0.70572.79.4b14.75,3160.7040102Dominican Republic0.70073.47.512.3l10,8440.6980Medium human development103Maldives0.69877.95.8b12.710,0740.6950103Mongolia0.69867.58.315.08,4660.6923103Turkmenistan0.69865.59.9s12.6p11,5330.6931106Samoa0.69473.210.312.9t4,7080.693-2107Palestine, State of0.68673.28.9o13.25,168h,u0.6830108Indonesia0.68470.87.512.78,9700.6810109Botswana0.68364.4v8.811.714,7920.681-1110Egypt0.68271.26.413.010,4000.681-2111Paraguay0.67672.37.711.97,5800.6700112Gabon0.67463.57.412.316,9770.670-1113Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.66767.39.213.25,5520.6630114Moldova (Republic of)0.66368.99.811.85,0410.6572115El Salvador0.66272.66.512.17,2400.6600116Uzbekistan0.66168.210.0r11.55,2270.6570117Philippines0.66068.78.9b11.36,3810.6561118South Africa0.65856.99.913.1p11,7880.6541118Syrian Arab Republic0.65874.66.612.05,771h,u0.662-4120Iraq0.64269.45.610.114,0070.6410121Guyana0.63866.38.510.76,3410.6350121Viet Nam0.63875.95.511.9n4,8920.6350123Cape Verde0.63675.13.5p13.26,3650.635-2124Micronesia (Federated States of)0.63069.08.8s11.4p3,6620.6290125Guatemala0.62872.15.610.76,8660.6260125Kyrgyzstan0.62867.59.312.53,0210.6211127Namibia0.62464.56.211.39,1850.6200128Timor-Leste0.62067.54.4w11.79,6740.6161129Honduras0.61773.85.511.64,1380.6160129Morocco0.61770.94.411.66,9050.6142131Vanuatu0.61671.69.0o10.62,6520.617-3132Nicaragua0.61474.85.810.54,2660.6110133Kiribati0.60768.97.8p12.32,6450.6060133Tajikistan0.60767.29.911.22,4240.6031135India0.58666.44.411.75,1500.5830136Bhutan0.58468.32.3w12.46,7750.5800136Cambodia0.58471.95.810.92,8050.5791138Ghana0.57361.17.011.53,5320.5710139Lao People's Democratic Republic0.56968.34.610.24,3510.5650140Congo0.56458.86.111.14,9090.5610141Zambia0.56158.16.513.52,8980.5542142Bangladesh0.55870.75.110.02,7130.5541142Sao Tome and Principe0.55866.34.7w11.33,1110.556-1144Equatorial Guinea0.55653.15.4p8.521,9720.556-3Low human development145Nepal0.54068.43.212.42,1940.5370146Pakistan0.53766.64.77.74,6520.5350147Kenya0.53561.76.311.02,1580.5310148Swaziland0.53049.07.111.35,5360.5290149Angola0.52651.94.7w11.46,3230.5240150Myanmar0.52465.24.08.63,998h0.5200151Rwanda0.50664.13.313.21,4030.5020152Cameroon0.50455.15.910.42,5570.5010152Nigeria0.50452.55.2w9.05,3530.5001154Yemen0.50063.12.59.23,9450.4990155Madagascar0.49864.75.2p10.31,3330.4960156Zimbabwe0.49259.97.29.31,3070.4844157Papua New Guinea0.49162.43.98.9p2,4530.490-1157Solomon Islands0.49167.74.5p9.21,3850.4890159Comoros0.48860.92.812.81,5050.486-1159Tanzania (United Republic of)0.48861.55.19.21,7020.4841161Mauritania0.48761.63.78.22,9880.485-2162Lesotho0.48649.45.9b11.12,7980.4811163Senegal0.48563.54.57.92,1690.484-3164Uganda0.48459.25.410.81,3350.4800165Benin0.47659.33.211.01,7260.4730166Sudan0.47362.13.17.3p3,4280.4720166Togo0.47356.55.312.21,1290.4701168Haiti0.47163.14.97.6p1,6360.4690169Afghanistan0.46860.93.29.31,9040.4660170Djibouti0.46761.83.8r6.43,109h0.4650171Cte d'Ivoire0.45250.74.38.9p2,7740.4480172Gambia0.44158.82.89.11,5570.4380173Ethiopia0.43563.62.4w8.51,3030.4290174Malawi0.41455.34.210.87150.4110175Liberia0.41260.63.98.5p7520.4070176Mali0.40755.02.0b8.61,4990.4060177Guinea-Bissau0.39654.32.3r9.01,0900.3960178Mozambique0.39350.33.2w9.51,0110.3891179Guinea0.39256.11.6w8.71,1420.391-1180Burundi0.38954.12.710.17490.3860181Burkina Faso0.38856.31.3r7.51,6020.3850182Eritrea0.38162.93.4p4.11,1470.3800183Sierra Leone0.37445.62.97.5p1,8150.3681184Chad0.37251.21.5s7.41,6220.370-1185Central African Republic0.34150.23.57.25880.3650186Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.33850.03.19.74440.3331187Niger0.33758.41.45.48730.335-1Other countries or territoriesKorea (Democratic People's Rep. of)..70.0..........Marshall Islands..72.6....4,206....Monaco..............Nauru......9.3......San Marino......15.3......Somalia..55.1..........South Sudan..55.3....1,450....Tuvalu......10.85,151....Human Development Index GroupsVery high human development0.89080.211.716.340,0460.889High human development0.73574.58.113.413,2310.733Medium human development0.61467.95.511.75,9600.612Low human development0.49359.44.29.02,9040.490RegionsArab States0.68270.26.311.815,8170.681East Asia and the Pacific0.70374.07.412.510,4990.699Europe and Central Asia0.73871.39.613.612,4150.735Latin America and the Caribbean0.74074.97.913.713,7670.739South Asia0.58867.24.711.25,1950.586Sub-Saharan Africa0.50256.84.89.73,1520.499Least developed countries0.48761.53.99.42,1260.484Small island developing states0.66570.07.511.09,4710.663World0.70270.87.712.213,7230.700Notesa. Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available.b. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).c. Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.d. Value from UNDESA (2011).e. Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Switzerland before the most recent update.f. Estimated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) rate and the projected growth rate of Switzerland.g. For the purpose of calculating the HDI, GNI per capita is capped at $75,000.h. Based on PPP conversion rates for GDP from World Bank (2014) and GDP deflators and GNI per capita in national currency from the National Accounts Main Aggregate Database of the UN Statistical Division (2014).i. Assumes the same adult mean years of schooling as Spain before the most recent update.j. Estimated using the PPP rate and the projected growth rate of Spain.k. Based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2011).l. Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Center. Accessed in May 2013.m. Projected growth rate based on ECLAC (2013).n. Based on data on school life expectancy from UNESCO Institute for statistics (2012).o. Based on educational attainment distribution from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).p. Based on cross-country regression.q. HDRO calculations based on data from the National Institute for Educational Studies of Brazil (2013).r. Based on data from United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 2005-2012.s. Based on data from household surveys in the World Bank's International Income Distribution Database.t. HDRO calculations based on data from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (n.d.).u. Based on projected growth rates from UNESCWA (2013).v. Unpublished provisional estimate from the United Nations Population Division. Communication note, October 2013.w. Based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted by ICF Macro.DefinitionsHuman Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 (http://hdr.undp.org/en) for details on how the HDI is calculated.Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants life.Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level.Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the childs life.Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population.Main data sourcesColumns 1 and 6: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division(2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014).Column 2: UNDESA (2013a).Column 3: Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and HDRO estimates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and on methodology from Barro and Lee (2013).Column 4: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).Column 5: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2014), IMF (2014) and UN Statistics Divisiion (2014).Column 7: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 6.

Table 2Table 2: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2013Human Development Index (HDI)HDI rankAverage annual HDI growthHDI rankValueChange(%)19801990200020052008201020112012201320122008-2013a1980-19901990-20002000-2013CountryVery high human development1Norway0.7930.8410.9100.9350.9370.9390.9410.9430.944100.590.800.282Australia0.8410.8660.8980.9120.9220.9260.9280.9310.933200.290.370.293Switzerland0.8060.8290.8860.9010.9030.9150.9140.9160.917310.290.660.274Netherlands0.7830.8260.8740.8880.9010.9040.9140.9150.915430.530.570.355United States0.8250.8580.8830.8970.9050.9080.9110.9120.9145-20.390.290.266Germany0.7390.7820.8540.8870.9020.9040.9080.9110.9116-10.570.890.517New Zealand0.7930.8210.8730.8940.8990.9030.9040.9080.910710.350.620.328Canada0.8090.8480.8670.8920.8960.8960.9000.9010.902810.480.210.319Singapore..0.7440.8000.8400.8680.8940.8960.8990.9011214..0.720.9210Denmark0.7810.8060.8590.8910.8960.8980.8990.9000.90010-10.310.630.3711Ireland0.7340.7750.8620.8900.9020.8990.9000.9010.8998-60.541.080.3212Sweden0.7760.8070.8890.8870.8910.8950.8960.8970.89811-10.380.980.0813Iceland0.7540.8000.8580.8880.8860.8860.8900.8930.8951300.590.700.3214United Kingdom0.7350.7680.8630.8880.8900.8950.8910.8900.89214-20.451.180.2515Hong Kong, China (SAR)0.6980.7750.8100.8390.8770.8820.8860.8890.8911521.060.430.7415Korea (Republic of)0.6280.7310.8190.8560.8740.8820.8860.8880.8911651.521.140.6517Japan0.7720.8170.8580.8730.8810.8840.8870.8880.89016-20.570.480.2818Liechtenstein..........0.8820.8870.8880.88916........19Israel0.7490.7850.8490.8690.8770.8810.8850.8860.88819-10.480.780.3420France0.7220.7790.8480.8670.8750.8790.8820.8840.8842000.760.850.3321Austria0.7360.7860.8350.8510.8680.8770.8790.8800.8812130.670.610.4121Belgium0.7530.8050.8730.8650.8730.8770.8800.8800.8812110.680.810.0721Luxembourg0.7290.7860.8660.8760.8820.8810.8810.8800.88121-60.750.980.1324Finland0.7520.7920.8410.8690.8780.8770.8790.8790.87924-70.520.600.3425Slovenia..0.7690.8210.8550.8710.8730.8740.8740.87425-2..0.660.4826Italy0.7180.7630.8250.8580.8680.8690.8720.8720.87226-20.600.780.4327Spain0.7020.7550.8260.8440.8570.8640.8680.8690.8692710.740.900.3928Czech Republic..0.7620.8060.8450.8560.8580.8610.8610.861281..0.560.5229Greece0.7130.7490.7980.8530.8580.8560.8540.8540.85329-20.490.640.5130Brunei Darussalam0.7400.7860.8220.8380.8430.8440.8460.8520.8523020.600.460.2731Qatar0.7290.7560.8110.8400.8550.8470.8430.8500.85131-10.350.710.3732Cyprus0.6610.7260.8000.8280.8440.8480.8500.8480.84532-10.950.960.4333Estonia..0.7300.7760.8210.8320.8300.8360.8390.840330..0.610.6134Saudi Arabia0.5830.6620.7440.7730.7910.8150.8250.8330.83634131.281.170.9035Lithuania..0.7370.7570.8060.8270.8290.8280.8310.834361..0.280.7535Poland0.6870.7140.7840.8030.8170.8260.8300.8330.8343430.380.940.4837Andorra..........0.8320.8310.8300.83037........37Slovakia..0.7470.7760.8030.8240.8260.8270.8290.830380..0.390.5139Malta0.7040.7300.7700.8010.8090.8210.8230.8270.8293940.360.530.5740United Arab Emirates0.6400.7250.7970.8230.8320.8240.8240.8250.82740-51.250.950.2841Chile0.6400.7040.7530.7850.8050.8080.8150.8190.8224230.960.670.6841Portugal0.6430.7080.7800.7900.8050.8160.8190.8220.8224130.960.970.4143Hungary0.6960.7010.7740.8050.8140.8170.8170.8170.81843-30.080.990.4344Bahrain0.6770.7290.7840.8110.8100.8120.8120.8130.81544-20.750.720.3044Cuba0.6810.7290.7420.7860.8300.8240.8190.8130.81544-90.680.170.7346Kuwait0.7020.7230.8040.7950.8000.8070.8100.8130.8144410.291.080.0947Croatia..0.6890.7480.7810.8010.8060.8120.8120.81247-1..0.820.6448Latvia..0.7100.7290.7860.8130.8090.8040.8080.81048-7..0.260.8249Argentina0.6650.6940.7530.7580.7770.7990.8040.8060.8084940.430.810.55High human development50Uruguay0.6580.6910.7400.7550.7730.7790.7830.7870.7905250.490.690.5051Bahamas....0.7660.7870.7910.7880.7890.7880.78951-3....0.2351Montenegro......0.7500.7800.7840.7870.7870.789521......53Belarus......0.7250.7640.7790.7840.7850.786547......54Romania0.6850.7030.7060.7500.7810.7790.7820.7820.78555-30.250.050.8255Libya0.6410.6840.7450.7720.7890.7990.7530.7890.78450-50.650.850.4056Oman......0.7330.7140.7800.7810.7810.783566......57Russian Federation..0.7290.7170.7500.7700.7730.7750.7770.778570..-0.170.6458Bulgaria0.6580.6960.7140.7490.7660.7730.7740.7760.7775800.570.250.6659Barbados0.6580.7060.7450.7610.7760.7790.7800.7760.77658-50.710.540.3160Palau....0.7410.7710.7720.7680.7700.7730.77560-4....0.3461Antigua and Barbuda..........0.7780.7720.7730.77460........62Malaysia0.5770.6410.7170.7470.7600.7660.7680.7700.7736211.051.120.5863Mauritius0.5580.6210.6860.7220.7410.7530.7590.7690.7716391.071.010.9064Trinidad and Tobago0.6580.6580.6970.7450.7640.7640.7640.7650.76664-3-0.000.580.7365Lebanon......0.7410.7500.7590.7640.7640.765652......65Panama0.6270.6510.7090.7280.7520.7590.7570.7610.7656710.380.850.5967Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)0.6390.6440.6770.7160.7580.7590.7610.7630.76466-20.080.500.9368Costa Rica0.6050.6520.7050.7210.7440.7500.7580.7610.7636710.760.790.6069Turkey0.4960.5760.6530.6870.7100.7380.7520.7560.75969161.501.271.1670Kazakhstan..0.6860.6790.7340.7440.7470.7500.7550.75770-1..-0.090.8471Mexico0.5950.6470.6990.7240.7390.7480.7520.7550.7567020.840.780.6071Seychelles....0.7430.7570.7660.7630.7490.7550.75670-12....0.1473Saint Kitts and Nevis..........0.7470.7450.7490.75073........73Sri Lanka0.5690.6200.6790.7100.7250.7360.7400.7450.7507550.870.910.7775Iran (Islamic Republic of)0.4900.5520.6520.6810.7110.7250.7330.7490.74973101.191.691.0776Azerbaijan....0.6390.6860.7240.7430.7430.7450.747754....1.2177Jordan0.5870.6220.7050.7330.7460.7440.7440.7440.74577-80.581.260.4377Serbia..0.7260.7130.7320.7430.7430.7440.7430.74578-5..-0.190.3479Brazil0.5450.6120.6820.7050.7310.7390.7400.7420.74480-41.161.100.6779Georgia......0.7100.7300.7330.7360.7410.74481-3......79Grenada..........0.7460.7470.7430.74478........82Peru0.5950.6150.6820.6940.7070.7220.7270.7340.7378280.341.030.6083Ukraine..0.7050.6680.7130.7290.7260.7300.7330.73483-5..-0.540.7384Belize0.6190.6400.6750.7100.7100.7140.7170.7310.7328430.330.530.6384The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia......0.6990.7240.7280.7300.7300.73285-3......86Bosnia and Herzegovina......0.7160.7270.7260.7290.7290.73186-7......87Armenia..0.6320.6480.6930.7220.7200.7240.7280.73087-4..0.260.9288Fiji0.5870.6190.6740.6940.7120.7210.7220.7220.72488-40.530.860.5589Thailand0.5030.5720.6490.6850.7040.7150.7160.7200.7228931.281.270.8390Tunisia0.4840.5670.6530.6870.7060.7150.7160.7190.7219011.601.420.7791China0.4230.5020.5910.6450.6820.7010.7100.7150.71993101.721.661.5291Saint Vincent and the Grenadines..........0.7170.7150.7170.71991........93Algeria0.5090.5760.6340.6750.6950.7090.7150.7150.7179351.250.960.9593Dominica....0.6910.7080.7120.7170.7180.7160.71792-8....0.2995Albania0.6030.6090.6550.6890.7030.7080.7140.7140.71697-10.100.740.6996Jamaica0.6140.6380.6710.7000.7100.7120.7140.7150.71593-80.380.510.4997Saint Lucia..........0.7170.7180.7150.71493........98Colombia0.5570.5960.6550.6800.7000.7060.7100.7080.71198-20.680.940.6398Ecuador0.6050.6430.6580.6870.6970.7010.7050.7080.71198-10.610.240.59100Suriname......0.6720.6940.6980.7010.7020.7051010......100Tonga0.6020.6310.6720.6950.6960.7010.7020.7040.705100-20.490.620.37102Dominican Republic0.5270.5890.6450.6680.6840.6910.6950.6980.700102-11.120.910.63Medium human development103Maldives....0.5990.6590.6750.6880.6920.6950.6981031....1.19103Mongolia0.5150.5520.5800.6370.6650.6710.6820.6920.69810630.710.501.43103Turkmenistan..........0.6870.6900.6930.698104........106Samoa....0.6540.6810.6830.6880.6900.6930.694104-3....0.45107Palestine, State of......0.6490.6720.6710.6790.6830.6861071......108Indonesia0.4710.5280.6090.6400.6540.6710.6780.6810.68410841.161.440.90109Botswana0.4700.5830.5600.6100.6560.6720.6780.6810.68310822.18-0.401.54110Egypt0.4520.5460.6210.6450.6670.6780.6790.6810.682108-41.911.300.72111Paraguay0.5500.5810.6250.6480.6610.6690.6720.6700.676111-30.550.730.61112Gabon0.5400.6190.6320.6440.6540.6620.6660.6700.67411101.370.210.50113Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.4940.5540.6150.6360.6490.6580.6610.6630.66711321.171.040.63114Moldova (Republic of)..0.6450.5980.6390.6520.6520.6560.6570.6631160..-0.760.80115El Salvador0.5170.5290.6070.6400.6480.6520.6570.6600.66211510.221.380.67116Uzbekistan......0.6260.6430.6480.6530.6570.6611162......117Philippines0.5660.5910.6190.6380.6480.6510.6520.6560.660118-10.450.460.49118South Africa0.5690.6190.6280.6080.6230.6380.6460.6540.65811920.860.140.36118Syrian Arab Republic0.5280.5700.6050.6530.6580.6620.6620.6620.658114-80.760.600.65120Iraq0.5000.5080.6060.6210.6320.6380.6390.6410.642120-10.171.770.45121Guyana0.5160.5050.5700.5840.6210.6260.6320.6350.6381210-0.221.220.87121Viet Nam0.4630.4760.5630.5980.6170.6290.6320.6350.63812120.281.700.96123Cape Verde....0.5730.5890.6130.6220.6310.6350.6361211....0.81124Micronesia (Federated States of)..........0.6270.6270.6290.630124........125Guatemala0.4450.4830.5510.5760.6010.6130.6200.6260.62812530.821.341.01125Kyrgyzstan..0.6070.5860.6050.6170.6140.6180.6210.628126-2..-0.340.52127Namibia0.5500.5770.5560.5700.5980.6100.6160.6200.62412730.48-0.360.89128Timor-Leste....0.4650.5050.5790.6060.6060.6160.6201295....2.25129Honduras0.4610.5070.5580.5840.6040.6120.6150.6160.617129-20.950.960.78129Morocco0.3990.4590.5260.5690.5880.6030.6120.6140.61713131.411.371.23131Vanuatu........0.6080.6170.6180.6170.616128-5......132Nicaragua0.4830.4910.5540.5850.5990.6040.6080.6110.614132-30.171.220.79133Kiribati..........0.5990.5990.6060.607133........133Tajikistan..0.6100.5290.5720.5910.5960.6000.6030.607134-2..-1.421.07135India0.3690.4310.4830.5270.5540.5700.5810.5830.58613511.581.151.49136Bhutan..........0.5690.5790.5800.584136........136Cambodia0.2510.4030.4660.5360.5640.5710.5750.5790.584137-14.831.471.75138Ghana0.4230.5020.4870.5110.5440.5560.5660.5710.57313811.73-0.301.26139Lao People's Democratic Republic0.3400.3950.4730.5110.5330.5490.5600.5650.56913931.511.831.44140Congo0.5420.5530.5010.5250.5480.5650.5490.5610.564140-20.19-0.980.92141Zambia0.4220.4070.4230.4710.5050.5300.5430.5540.5611437-0.370.392.19142Bangladesh0.3360.3820.4530.4940.5150.5390.5490.5540.55814321.291.711.62142Sao Tome and Principe....0.4950.5200.5370.5430.5480.5560.558141-1....0.92144Equatorial Guinea....0.4760.5170.5430.5590.5530.5560.556141-4....1.21Low human development145Nepal0.2860.3880.4490.4770.5010.5270.5330.5370.54014543.091.471.42146Pakistan0.3560.4020.4540.5040.5360.5260.5310.5350.537146-11.221.211.30147Kenya0.4460.4710.4550.4790.5080.5220.5270.5310.535147-10.55-0.341.25148Swaziland0.4770.5380.4980.4980.5180.5270.5300.5290.530148-51.20-0.770.48149Angola....0.3770.4460.4900.5040.5210.5240.5261492....2.60150Myanmar0.3280.3470.4210.4720.5000.5140.5170.5200.52415000.591.941.69151Rwanda0.2910.2380.3290.3910.4320.4530.4630.5020.50615117-2.013.313.35152Cameroon0.3910.4400.4330.4570.4770.4930.4980.5010.50415221.19-0.151.18152Nigeria......0.4660.4830.4920.4960.5000.5041531......154Yemen..0.3900.4270.4620.4710.4840.4970.4990.5001542..0.901.22155Madagascar....0.4530.4700.4870.4940.4950.4960.498155-3....0.73156Zimbabwe0.4370.4880.4280.4120.4220.4590.4730.4840.492160161.12-1.301.08157Papua New Guinea0.3230.3630.4230.4410.4670.4790.4840.4900.49115611.191.531.17157Solomon Islands....0.4750.4830.5060.4890.4940.4890.491157-10....0.25159Comoros......0.4640.4740.4790.4830.4860.488158-4......159Tanzania (United Republic of)0.3770.3540.3760.4190.4510.4640.4780.4840.4881605-0.640.592.04161Mauritania0.3470.3670.4330.4550.4660.4750.4750.4850.487159-20.551.670.91162Lesotho0.4430.4930.4430.4370.4560.4720.4760.4810.48616301.06-1.060.72163Senegal0.3330.3840.4130.4510.4740.4830.4830.4840.485160-61.440.721.25164Uganda0.2930.3100.3920.4290.4580.4720.4770.4800.484164-40.552.381.63165Benin0.2870.3420.3910.4320.4540.4670.4710.4730.476165-21.781.331.52166Sudan0.3310.3420.3850.4230.4470.4630.4680.4720.473166-10.331.201.59166Togo0.4050.4040.4300.4420.4470.4600.4670.4700.473167-1-0.030.630.74168Haiti0.3520.4130.4330.4470.4580.4620.4660.4690.471168-81.610.460.66169Afghanistan0.2300.2960.3410.3960.4300.4530.4580.4660.46816912.561.422.46170Djibouti......0.4120.4380.4520.4610.4650.467170-3......171Cte d'Ivoire0.3770.3800.3930.4070.4270.4390.4430.4480.45217100.100.331.08172Gambia0.3000.3340.3830.4140.4320.4400.4360.4380.441172-41.081.371.08173Ethiopia....0.2840.3390.3940.4090.4220.4290.4351732....3.35174Malawi0.2700.2830.3410.3680.3950.4060.4110.4110.41417400.461.881.50175Liberia....0.3390.3350.3740.3930.4020.4070.4121753....1.52176Mali0.2080.2320.3090.3590.3850.3980.4050.4060.40717601.142.892.13177Guinea-Bissau......0.3870.3970.4010.4020.3960.396177-4......178Mozambique0.2460.2160.2850.3430.3660.3800.3840.3890.3931791-1.312.842.49179Guinea......0.3660.3770.3800.3870.3910.392178-2......180Burundi0.2300.2910.2900.3190.3620.3810.3840.3860.38918002.37-0.032.29181Burkina Faso......0.3210.3490.3670.3760.3850.3881810......182Eritrea..........0.3730.3770.3800.381182........183Sierra Leone0.2760.2630.2970.3290.3460.3530.3600.3680.3741840-0.491.231.79184Chad....0.3010.3240.3380.3490.3650.3700.3721831....1.66185Central African Republic0.2950.3100.3140.3270.3440.3550.3610.3650.341185-10.500.130.61186Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.3360.3190.2740.2920.3070.3190.3230.3330.3381871-0.53-1.521.64187Niger0.1910.2180.2620.2930.3090.3230.3280.3350.337186-11.341.861.95Other countries or territoriesKorea (Democratic People's Rep. of)............................Marshall Islands............................Monaco............................Nauru............................San Marino............................Somalia............................South Sudan............................Tuvalu............................Human Development Index groupsVery high human development0.7570.7980.8490.8700.8790.8850.8870.8890.8900.520.620.37High human development0.5340.5930.6430.6820.7100.7230.7290.7330.7351.040.811.04Medium human development0.4200.4740.5280.5650.5870.6010.6090.6120.6141.221.091.17Low human development0.3450.3670.4030.4440.4710.4790.4860.4900.4930.640.951.56RegionsArab States0.4920.5510.6110.6440.6640.6750.6780.6810.6821.141.050.85East Asia and the Pacific0.4570.5170.5950.6410.6710.6880.6950.6990.7031.231.421.29Europe and Central Asia..0.6510.6650.7000.7160.7260.7330.7350.738..0.210.80Latin America and the Caribbean0.5790.6270.6830.7050.7260.7340.7370.7390.7400.790.870.62South Asia0.3820.4380.4910.5330.5600.5730.5820.5860.5881.371.161.39Sub-Saharan Africa0.3820.3990.4210.4520.4770.4880.4950.4990.5020.440.521.37Least developed countries0.3190.3450.3910.4290.4570.4720.4800.4840.4870.791.261.70Small island developing states0.5450.5870.6130.6370.6580.6620.6630.6630.6650.750.430.62World0.5590.5970.6390.6670.6850.6930.6980.7000.7020.660.670.73Notea. A positive value indicates an improvement in rank.DefinitionsHuman Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 (http://hdr.undp.org/en) for details on how the HDI is calculated.Average annual HDI growth: A smoothed annualized growth of the HDI in a given period, calculated as the annual compound growth rate.Main data sourcesColumns 1-9: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division(2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014).Columns 10-14: Calculated based on data in columns 1-9.

Table 3Table 3: Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexIncome inequalityHuman Development Index (HDI)Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)Coefficient of human inequalityInequality in life expectancyInequality-adjusted life expectancy indexInequality in educationaInequality-adjusted education indexInequality in incomeaInequality-adjusted income indexQuintile ratioPalma ratioGini coefficientHDI rankValueValueOverall loss (%)Difference from HDI rankbValue%Value%Value%Value20132013201320132013201320132013c20132013c20132003-20122003-20122003-2012CountryVery high human development1Norway0.9440.8915.605.53.40.9142.40.88810.70.871....25.82Australia0.9330.8607.807.54.20.9211.80.91016.60.760......3Switzerland0.9170.8477.7-17.63.90.9265.80.79513.20.824....33.74Netherlands0.9150.8546.716.63.90.9024.10.85711.80.8065.1..30.95United States0.9140.75517.4-2316.26.20.8516.70.83035.60.609....40.86Germany0.9110.8467.117.03.70.9002.40.86314.80.781....28.37New Zealand0.910........4.80.895..............8Canada0.9020.8337.6-27.54.60.9024.00.81613.90.785....32.69Singapore0.901........2.80.932..............10Denmark0.9000.8386.906.84.00.8773.10.84613.30.794......11Ireland0.8990.8327.5-17.43.70.8995.20.84113.30.761....34.312Sweden0.8980.8406.536.43.10.9223.60.80012.40.803....25.013Iceland0.8950.8435.755.62.80.9282.50.82611.60.783......14United Kingdom0.8920.8128.9-48.64.50.8902.60.83818.80.7197.2..36.015Hong Kong, China (SAR)0.891........2.80.948..............15Korea (Republic of)0.8910.73617.4-2016.83.90.91028.10.62218.40.704......17Japan0.8900.77912.4-612.23.20.94719.80.64813.50.772......18Liechtenstein0.889..........................19Israel0.8880.79310.7-410.43.80.9157.90.78619.60.693....39.220France0.8840.8049.0-28.94.00.9138.60.74514.20.765......21Austria0.8810.8187.247.13.70.9063.70.76513.80.789....29.221Belgium0.8810.8068.508.53.90.8959.20.73812.30.792....33.021Luxembourg0.8810.8147.637.53.30.9016.00.71613.10.837....30.824Finland0.8790.8305.595.53.50.8992.10.79810.80.798....26.925Slovenia0.8740.8245.895.73.80.8822.70.84010.60.7554.8..31.226Italy0.8720.76811.9-111.63.40.92711.70.69719.80.701....36.027Spain0.8690.77510.9110.53.90.9185.40.75122.10.673....34.728Czech Republic0.8610.8135.695.53.70.8551.40.85411.30.737......29Greece0.8530.76210.6010.54.00.89811.30.70716.20.697....34.330Brunei Darussalam0.852........4.40.861..............31Qatar0.851........6.00.844........13.3..41.132Cyprus0.8450.75211.0-310.93.70.88714.00.66814.90.719......33Estonia0.8400.7678.738.55.60.7912.50.83717.40.6816.4..36.034Saudi Arabia0.836........8.70.779..............35Lithuania0.8340.74610.6-310.46.60.7496.10.82318.60.6736.71.637.635Poland0.8340.7519.9-29.75.70.8185.60.77917.90.6665.21.332.737Andorra0.830..........................37Slovakia0.8300.7786.396.25.60.8051.50.79011.50.7403.60.926.039Malta0.8290.7608.358.24.80.8755.70.69114.10.727......40United Arab Emirates0.827........5.50.826..............41Chile0.8220.66119.6-1618.55.90.86813.70.64436.00.51613.53.552.141Portugal0.8220.73910.109.83.90.8865.70.68619.90.664......43Hungary0.8180.7577.477.35.40.7953.50.77713.10.7034.81.231.244Bahrain0.815........6.30.816..............44Cuba0.815........5.10.86511.00.661..........46Kuwait0.814........7.20.775..............47Croatia0.8120.72111.2-211.15.20.83210.40.69017.60.6535.21.433.748Latvia0.8100.72510.6010.37.60.7413.60.78419.80.6546.01.434.849Argentina0.8080.68015.8-415.39.30.7868.60.71628.10.56011.32.444.5High human development50Uruguay0.7900.66216.1-815.79.20.79910.90.63527.10.57310.32.545.351Bahamas0.7890.67614.3-314.09.40.7708.00.65724.50.612......51Montenegro0.7890.7337.257.17.60.7792.50.75411.30.6694.31.028.653Belarus0.7860.7267.667.56.80.7164.80.78111.10.6853.80.926.554Romania0.7850.70210.5410.48.80.7555.00.71017.30.6454.11.027.455Libya0.784........10.10.765..............56Oman0.783........7.00.809..............57Russian Federation0.7780.68512.0311.69.80.6662.10.76422.90.6317.31.940.158Bulgaria0.7770.69211.0510.87.90.7595.80.70618.80.6184.31.028.259Barbados0.776........8.10.783..............60Palau0.775............12.00.69223.00.565......61Antigua and Barbuda0.774........8.00.792..............62Malaysia0.773........4.90.805........11.32.646.263Mauritius0.7710.66214.2-214.19.20.74913.20.62319.80.621......64Trinidad and Tobago0.7660.64915.2-615.016.40.6416.60.65421.90.653......65Lebanon0.7650.60620.8-1720.36.70.86124.10.47930.00.538......65Panama0.7650.59622.1-1821.412.10.77816.30.55035.80.49417.13.651.967Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)0.7640.61319.7-1019.412.20.73817.60.56228.40.55611.52.444.868Costa Rica0.7630.61119.9-1119.17.30.85515.70.55134.30.48314.53.350.769Turkey0.7590.63915.8-315.611.00.75714.10.56021.80.6168.31.940.070Kazakhstan0.7570.66711.9911.816.70.5965.90.71712.70.6954.21.129.071Mexico0.7560.58322.9-1322.310.90.78821.40.50134.60.50010.72.747.271Seychelles0.756........7.90.754........18.86.465.873Saint Kitts and Nevis0.750..........................73Sri Lanka0.7500.64314.3114.28.30.76614.60.63019.60.5505.81.636.475Iran (Islamic Republic of)0.7490.49833.6-3432.112.50.72837.30.42946.60.3957.01.738.376Azerbaijan0.7470.65911.8711.521.70.6118.30.6424.50.7305.31.433.777Jordan0.7450.60718.6-518.511.90.73022.40.54321.10.5645.71.535.477Serbia0.7450.66310.91210.98.50.76110.70.62113.50.6184.61.129.679Brazil0.7440.54227.0-1626.314.50.70924.70.49839.70.45220.64.354.779Georgia0.7440.63614.5414.012.90.7283.30.74525.90.4749.52.142.179Grenada0.744........8.40.744..............82Peru0.7370.56223.7-923.413.90.72625.60.49430.60.49513.52.948.183Ukraine0.7340.6679.2189.110.40.6696.10.74710.90.5933.60.925.684Belize0.732........11.40.734....37.90.42617.6..53.184The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia0.7320.63313.6713.37.60.78510.60.57421.80.56310.02.343.686Bosnia and Herzegovina0.7310.65310.61310.46.70.8095.20.62119.20.5556.51.536.287Armenia0.7300.65510.41510.212.70.7333.70.67514.30.5674.61.231.388Fiji0.7240.61315.3615.112.30.67210.50.68622.60.5008.02.242.889Thailand0.7220.57320.7-220.09.80.75516.10.51034.00.4886.91.839.490Tunisia0.721........10.60.768........6.41.536.191China0.719........9.80.768....29.50.50510.12.142.191Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.719........12.90.703..............93Algeria0.717........16.70.654..............93Dominica0.717..........................95Albania0.7160.62013.41113.49.90.79611.90.53618.30.5585.31.434.596Jamaica0.7150.57919.0118.615.00.70010.60.59830.10.4659.6..45.597Saint Lucia0.714........9.90.760..............98Colombia0.7110.52126.7-1025.713.50.71922.10.46941.50.42020.14.555.998Ecuador0.7110.54922.7-322.413.40.75221.60.46632.10.47212.53.149.3100Suriname0.7050.53424.2-623.513.60.67819.50.47437.30.47517.9..52.9100Tonga0.705........13.70.699..............102Dominican Republic0.7000.53523.6-423.416.90.68324.00.44929.30.50011.32.747.2Medium human development103Maldives0.6980.52125.4-724.28.10.81941.20.32223.20.5356.8..37.4103Mongolia0.6980.61811.51611.416.60.6105.20.65812.30.5886.21.636.5103Turkmenistan0.698........26.00.517..............106Samoa0.694........13.30.709..............107Palestine, State of0.6860.60611.71311.713.10.7116.90.61715.00.5075.81.535.5108Indonesia0.6840.55319.2519.116.40.65423.20.46317.70.5596.31.738.1109Botswana0.6830.42238.2-2136.521.90.53332.10.42055.50.336......110Egypt0.6820.51824.0-522.813.40.68240.90.33914.20.6024.41.230.8111Paraguay0.6760.51324.1-523.719.20.65017.20.48634.60.42817.33.752.4112Gabon0.6740.51224.0-524.028.00.48223.50.45120.40.6177.82.041.5113Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.6670.47029.6-1029.424.50.54927.60.48836.10.38827.84.856.3114Moldova (Republic of)0.6630.58212.21612.011.00.6706.10.61418.90.4805.31.333.0115El Salvador0.6620.48526.7-726.214.50.69230.20.38634.00.42714.33.048.3116Uzbekistan0.6610.55615.81415.324.30.5621.40.64220.10.4786.21.636.7117Philippines0.6600.54018.11018.015.20.63513.50.52825.20.4708.32.243.0118South Africa0.658........25.70.42218.10.569....25.37.163.1118Syrian Arab Republic0.6580.51821.2420.812.60.73431.50.37918.30.5005.7..35.8120Iraq0.6420.50521.4021.217.60.62629.80.32816.10.6264.61.230.9121Guyana0.6380.52218.21018.019.20.57510.50.52124.40.474......121Viet Nam0.6380.54314.91514.912.10.75718.00.42114.60.5025.91.535.6123Cape Verde0.6360.51119.7419.412.00.74618.20.39528.00.452....50.5124Micronesia (Federated States of)0.630........19.80.604....63.10.201....61.1125Guatemala0.6280.42232.8-832.017.40.66236.10.30942.50.36719.64.555.9125Kyrgyzstan0.6280.51917.21016.920.00.5856.60.61324.10.3915.41.333.4127Namibia0.6240.35243.6-2239.321.70.53627.80.37668.30.21621.8..63.9128Timor-Leste0.6200.43030.7-329.422.80.56547.60.24817.80.568......129Honduras0.6170.41832.2-631.117.00.68729.60.35646.80.29929.75.257.0129Morocco0.6170.43329.7028.516.80.65245.80.25423.00.4937.32.040.9131Vanuatu0.616........15.40.672....18.50.404......132Nicaragua0.6140.45226.4425.813.20.73233.30.32331.00.3917.61.940.5133Kiribati0.6070.41631.5-430.120.60.59721.40.47348.40.255......133Tajikistan0.6070.49119.2918.829.30.51412.20.56115.00.4094.71.230.8135India0.5860.41828.6027.725.00.53642.10.27416.10.5005.01.433.9136Bhutan0.5840.46520.4920.222.20.57813.30.36525.10.4776.81.738.1136Cambodia0.5840.44024.7724.625.30.59728.30.35520.30.4015.61.536.0138Ghana0.5730.39431.3-131.230.80.43835.60.35627.20.3929.32.242.8139Lao People's Democratic Republic0.5690.43024.5824.121.50.58334.10.28716.80.4745.91.636.7140Congo0.5640.39130.7030.636.00.38225.40.38130.30.41010.72.847.3141Zambia0.5610.36535.0-434.537.20.36823.80.45142.60.29217.44.857.5142Bangladesh0.5580.39629.1428.720.10.62337.80.27828.30.3574.71.332.1142Sao Tome and Principe0.5580.38431.2030.426.90.52120.00.37544.20.290....50.8144Equatorial Guinea0.556........44.40.283..............Low human development145Nepal0.5400.38428.8327.821.10.58844.00.25318.30.3815.01.332.8146Pakistan0.5370.37530.1228.729.90.50245.20.20411.00.5164.21.230.0147Kenya0.5350.36032.8032.731.50.44030.70.35736.00.29711.02.847.7148Swaziland0.5300.35433.3-233.135.00.29026.80.40437.60.37814.03.551.5149Angola0.5260.29544.0-1743.646.20.26434.60.31050.00.3139.02.242.7150Myanmar0.524........27.10.50719.40.299..........151Rwanda0.5060.33833.2-433.130.20.47329.40.33839.60.24111.03.250.8152Cameroon0.5040.33932.8-232.439.40.32734.80.31723.10.3776.91.838.9152Nigeria0.5040.30040.3-1440.240.80.29645.20.23334.50.39412.23.048.8154Yemen0.5000.33632.8-231.730.30.46247.20.17917.60.4576.31.737.7155Madagascar0.4980.34630.5230.324.80.51730.10.32036.10.2509.32.344.1156Zimbabwe0.4920.35827.2726.826.80.44917.80.41135.80.249......157Papua New Guinea0.491........26.50.48011.50.333..........157Solomon Islands0.4910.37423.81123.822.30.57022.80.31326.30.293......159Comoros0.488........34.20.41447.40.237....26.7..64.3159Tanzania (United Republic of)0.4880.35627.1826.930.40.44529.50.30020.90.3396.61.737.6161Mauritania0.4870.31535.3-234.636.60.40545.90.19121.20.4047.81.940.5162Lesotho0.4860.31335.6-234.933.50.30124.30.38247.00.26719.03.952.5163Senegal0.4850.32632.9332.329.50.47144.60.20422.70.3597.71.940.3164Uganda0.4840.33530.8530.833.80.39931.20.32927.30.2858.72.344.3165Benin0.4760.31134.6034.237.00.38142.00.24023.60.3296.61.838.6166Sudan0.473........32.80.435........6.21.435.3166Togo0.4730.31732.9432.636.80.35537.60.32123.50.2807.61.839.3168Haiti0.4710.28539.5-338.927.90.47840.40.22348.40.218....59.2169Afghanistan0.4680.32131.4730.034.30.41445.00.20110.80.3974.01.027.8170Djibouti0.4670.30634.6233.732.50.43447.00.16221.70.406....40.0171Cte d'Ivoire0.4520.27938.3-237.940.20.28345.40.21328.10.3618.52.041.5172Gambia0.441........34.80.389....26.90.30311.02.847.3173Ethiopia0.4350.30729.4528.030.20.46944.30.1769.50.3515.31.433.6174Malawi0.4140.28231.9131.640.00.32630.20.30724.60.2248.92.343.9175Liberia0.4120.27333.8-132.833.10.41746.40.19719.00.2477.01.738.2176Mali0.407........45.60.29336.90.193....5.21.333.0177Guinea-Bissau0.3960.23939.6-439.445.30.28940.30.19432.50.244....35.5178Mozambique0.3930.27729.5228.940.20.27818.20.30428.40.2509.82.545.7179Guinea0.3920.24338.0-137.840.30.33242.00.17131.10.2537.31.839.4180Burundi0.3890.25733.9232.643.60.29641.00.21813.20.2644.81.333.3181Burkina Faso0.3880.25235.0234.641.10.32938.50.15424.20.3187.01.939.8182Eritrea0.381........24.70.496..............183Sierra Leone0.3740.20844.3-343.651.20.19248.70.15631.00.3025.61.535.4184Chad0.3720.23237.8136.846.10.25943.40.14521.00.3327.41.839.8185Central African Republic0.3410.20340.4-239.945.70.25245.90.17228.10.19218.04.556.3186Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.3380.21137.6136.849.90.23129.40.26231.20.1559.32.444.4187Niger0.3370.22832.4331.837.90.36739.50.12017.90.2695.31.434.6Other countries or territoriesKorea (Democratic People's Rep. of)..........15.40.651..............Marshall Islands......................70.0....Monaco............................Nauru............................San Marino............................Somalia..........42.10.312..............South Sudan..........40.80.321............45.5Tuvalu..............10.5............Human Development Index groupsVery high human development0.8900.78012.312.04.90.8818.70.76922.40.702High human development0.7350.59019.719.310.70.74917.40.53129.90.517Medium human development0.6140.45725.625.221.90.57535.10.33118.60.502Low human development0.4930.33232.632.435.00.39438.20.24123.90.387RegionsArab States0.6820.51224.924.217.40.63938.00.33417.30.629East Asia and the Pacific0.7030.56419.719.511.70.73419.70.47727.00.513Europe and Central Asia0.7380.63913.313.214.20.6768.60.63916.90.605Latin America and the Caribbean0.7400.55924.523.913.20.73322.20.50236.30.474South Asia0.5880.41928.728.024.40.54941.60.27418.00.489Sub-Saharan Africa0.5020.33433.633.536.60.35935.70.27628.10.375Least developed countries0.4870.33631.030.932.30.43335.60.25324.70.348Small island developing states0.6650.49725.324.918.50.62622.10.43334.20.452World0.7020.54122.922.817.30.64727.00.43324.10.564Notesa. See http://hdr.undp.org for the list of surveys used to estimate inequalities.b. Based on countries for which the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is calculated.c. Data refer to 2013 or the most recent year available.DefinitionsHuman Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the HDI is calculated.Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the IHDI is calculated.Overall loss: Percentage difference between the IHDI and the HDI.Difference from HDI rank: Difference in ranks on the IHDI and the HDI, calculated only for countries for which the IHDI is calculated.Coefficient of human inequality: Average inequality in three basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org/en.Inequality in life expectancy: Inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index: The HDI life expectancy index adjusted for inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables listed in Main data sources.Inequality in education: Inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.Inequality-adjusted education index: The HDI education index adjusted for inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.Inequality in income: Inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.Inequality-adjusted income index: The HDI income index adjusted for inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.Quintile ratio: Ratio of the average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.Palma ratio: Ratio of the richest 10% of the population's share of gross national income (GNI) divided by the poorest 40%'s share. It is based on the work of Palma (2011), who found that middle class incomes almost always account for about half of GNI and that the other half is split between the richest 10% and poorest 40%, though their shares vary considerably across countries.Gini coefficient: Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.Main data sourcesColumn 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division(2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014).Column 2: Calculated as the geometric mean of the values in columns 7, 9 and 11 using the methodology in Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org/en.Column 3: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 2.Column 4: Calculated based on data in column 2 and recalculated HDI ranks for countries for which the IHDI is calculated.Column 5: Calculated as the arithmetic mean of the values in columns 6, 8 and 10 using the methodology in Technical note 2 http://hdr.undp.org/en.Column 6: Calculated based on abridged life tables from UNDESA (2013a).Column 7: Calculated based on data in column 6 and the unadjusted life expectancy index.Columns 8 and 10: Calculated based on data from the Luxembourg Income Study database, Eurostat's European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the World Bank's International Income Distribution Database, United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys using the methodology in Technical note 2 http://hdr.undp.org/en.Column 9: Calculated based on data in column 8 and the unadjusted education index.Column 11: Calculated based on data in column 10 and the unadjusted income index.Columns 12 and 13: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2013a).Column 14: World Bank (2013a).

Table 44: Gender Inequality IndexPopulation with at least some secondary educationLabour Force Participation rateGender Inequality IndexMaternal mortality ratioAdolescent birth rateShare of seats in parliament(% aged 25 and above)(% aged 15 and above)ValueRank(deaths per 100,000 live births)(births per 1,000 women aged 15-19)(% held by women)FemaleMaleFemaleMaleHDI rankCountry2013201320102010/2015a20132005-2012b2005-2012b20122012VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT1Norway0.068977.839.697.496.761.569.52Australia0.11319712.129.294.3c94.6c58.871.93Switzerland0.030281.927.295.096.661.275.34Netherlands0.057766.237.887.790.579.987.35United States0.262472131.018.295.194.856.869.36Germany0.046373.832.496.397.053.566.47New Zealand0.185341525.332.295.095.362.173.98Canada0.136231214.528.0100.0100.061.671.29Singapore0.0901536.024.274.181.059.077.510Denmark0.0565125.139.195.5d96.6d59.167.511Ireland0.1152068.219.580.578.652.767.912Sweden0.054446.544.786.587.360.268.113Iceland0.08814511.539.791.091.670.677.314United Kingdom0.193351225.822.699.899.955.768.815Hong Kong, China (SAR)......3.3..72.279.251.668.015Korea (Republic of)0.10117162.215.777.0e89.1e49.972.017Japan0.1382555.410.887.085.848.170.418Liechtenstein........20.0........19Israel0.1011777.822.584.487.358.169.520France0.0801285.725.178.083.250.961.821Austria0.056544.128.7100.0100.054.667.721Belgium0.068986.738.977.582.946.959.421Luxembourg0.15429208.321.7100.0d100.0d50.764.924Finland0.0751159.242.5100.0100.056.064.325Slovenia0.0211120.624.695.898.052.363.526Italy0.067844.030.671.280.539.459.427Spain0.10016610.635.266.873.152.666.528Czech Republic0.0871354.920.699.999.750.167.829Greece0.14627311.921.059.567.044.262.630Brunei Darussalam....2423.0..66.6e61.2e52.975.631Qatar0.52411379.50.1f66.759.050.895.632Cyprus0.13623105.510.772.279.655.870.833Estonia0.15429216.820.8100.0d100.0d56.068.734Saudi Arabia0.321562410.219.960.570.318.275.535Lithuania0.11621810.624.189.194.355.866.335Poland0.13926512.221.879.485.548.964.837Andorra........50.049.549.3....37Slovakia0.16432615.918.799.199.551.068.739Malta0.22041818.214.368.678.238.066.540United Arab Emirates0.244431227.617.573.161.346.691.041Chile0.355682555.313.973.376.449.074.641Portugal0.11621812.628.747.748.255.467.243Hungary0.247452112.18.897.9d98.7d44.759.944Bahrain0.253462013.818.874.4e80.4e39.487.244Cuba0.350667343.148.973.9e80.4e43.370.146Kuwait0.288501414.56.255.656.343.482.847Croatia0.172331712.723.885.093.644.858.548Latvia0.222423413.523.098.999.054.567.149Argentina0.381747754.437.757.0e54.9e47.375.0HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT50Uruguay0.364702958.312.354.450.355.576.851Bahamas0.316534728.516.791.2e87.6e69.379.351Montenegro....815.217.384.294.7....53Belarus0.15228420.629.587.092.249.962.754Romania0.320542731.011.686.192.048.564.755Libya0.21540582.516.555.6e44.0e30.076.456Oman0.348643210.69.647.257.128.681.857Russian Federation0.314523425.712.189.692.557.071.458Bulgaria0.207381135.924.693.095.747.858.859Barbados0.350665148.421.689.5e87.6e65.976.760Palau........10.3........61Antigua and Barbuda......49.319.4........62Malaysia0.21039295.713.966.0e72.8e44.375.363Mauritius0.375726030.918.849.458.043.574.364Trinidad and Tobago0.321564634.826.059.459.252.975.565Lebanon0.413802512.03.138.838.922.870.565Panama0.5061079278.58.563.5e60.7e49.081.967Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)0.464969283.217.056.550.850.979.268Costa Rica0.344634060.838.654.5e52.8e46.479.069Turkey0.360692030.914.239.060.029.470.870Kazakhstan0.323595129.918.299.399.467.577.571Mexico0.376735063.436.055.760.645.080.071Seychelles......56.343.866.966.6....73Saint Kitts and Nevis........6.7........73Sri Lanka0.383753516.95.872.775.535.076.475Iran (Islamic Republic of)0.5101092131.63.162.267.616.473.176Azerbaijan0.340624340.016.093.797.462.568.977Jordan0.4881016326.512.069.578.515.366.277Serbia....1216.933.258.473.6....79Brazil0.441855670.89.651.949.059.580.979Georgia....6746.812.0....56.274.779Grenada....2435.425.0........82Peru0.387776750.721.556.366.168.084.483Ukraine0.326613225.79.491.5e96.1e53.066.684Belize0.435845371.413.335.2e32.8e49.182.384The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia0.162311018.334.140.255.642.967.386Bosnia and Herzegovina0.20136815.119.344.870.034.157.287Armenia0.325603027.110.794.1e94.8e51.673.488Fiji....2642.8..57.558.137.572.089Thailand0.364704841.015.735.740.864.480.890Tunisia0.26548564.626.732.846.125.170.691China0.20237378.623.458.771.963.878.191Saint Vincent and the Grenadines....4854.513.0....55.778.293Algeria0.425819710.025.820.927.315.071.993Dominica........12.529.723.2....95Albania0.245442715.317.981.887.945.065.496Jamaica0.4578811070.115.574.0e71.1e56.171.097Saint Lucia....3556.317.2....62.676.098Colombia0.460929268.513.656.955.655.779.798Ecuador0.4298211077.038.740.139.454.482.6100Suriname0.4639513035.211.844.647.140.468.8100Tonga0.4589011018.13.687.588.353.574.8102Dominican Republic0.50510515099.619.155.653.151.278.7MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT103Maldives0.28349604.26.513.316.655.977.1103Mongolia0.320546318.714.985.3e84.1e56.168.8103Turkmenistan....6718.016.8....46.776.5106Samoa0.51711110028.34.164.360.023.458.4107Palestine, State of....6445.8..31.532.215.266.3108Indonesia0.50010322048.318.639.949.251.384.4109Botswana0.48610016044.27.973.6e77.3e71.881.5110Egypt0.5801306643.02.843.4e59.3e23.674.6111Paraguay0.457889967.018.436.840.855.484.8112Gabon0.508108230103.016.753.8e34.7e56.065.1113Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.4729719071.930.147.659.164.180.9114Moldova (Republic of)0.302514129.319.893.696.637.043.3115El Salvador0.441858176.026.236.843.647.679.0116Uzbekistan....2838.819.2....47.975.2117Philippines0.406789946.826.965.963.851.079.7118South Africa0.4619430050.941.1g72.775.944.260.0118Syrian Arab Republic0.5561257041.612.029.038.913.472.7120Iraq0.5421206368.725.222.0e42.7e14.769.7121Guyana0.52411328088.531.361.5e48.8e42.380.9121Viet Nam0.322585929.024.459.471.272.881.9123Cape Verde....7970.620.8....51.183.5124Micronesia (Federated States of)....10018.60.1........125Guatemala0.52311212097.213.321.923.249.188.2125Kyrgyzstan0.348647129.323.394.596.855.779.0127Namibia0.4508720054.925.033.0e34.0e75.282.2128Timor-Leste....30052.238.5....24.751.1129Honduras0.4829910084.019.528.025.842.582.9129Morocco0.4609210035.811.020.1e36.3e43.057.4131Vanuatu....11044.80.1....61.580.3132Nicaragua0.4589095100.840.230.8e44.7e47.080.1133Kiribati......16.68.7........133Tajikistan0.383756542.817.589.995.058.776.9135India0.56312720032.810.926.6e50.4e28.880.9136Bhutan0.49510218040.96.934.034.566.476.9136Cambodia0.50510525044.318.1h9.922.278.986.5138Ghana0.54912335058.410.945.264.767.271.2139Lao People's Democratic Republic0.53411847065.025.022.9e36.8e76.378.9140Congo0.617135560126.79.643.8e48.7e68.472.9141Zambia0.617135440125.411.525.7e44.2e73.285.7142Bangladesh0.52911524080.619.730.8e39.3e57.384.1142Sao Tome and Principe....7065.118.2....44.977.5144Equatorial Guinea....240112.618.8....80.692.3LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT145Nepal0.4799817073.733.217.9e39.9e54.363.2146Pakistan0.56312726027.319.719.346.124.482.9147Kenya0.54812236093.619.925.331.462.072.2148Swaziland0.52911532072.021.949.9e46.1e43.871.3149Angola....450170.234.1....63.176.9150Myanmar0.4308320012.14.618.0e17.6e85.782.9151Rwanda0.4107934033.651.97.4e8.0e86.585.5152Cameroon0.622138690115.816.121.1e34.9e63.676.7152Nigeria....630119.66.6....48.163.5154Yemen0.73315220047.00.77.6e24.4e25.271.8155Madagascar....240122.815.8....86.890.6156Zimbabwe0.51611057060.335.148.862.083.289.7157Papua New Guinea0.61713523062.12.76.8e14.1e70.574.0157Solomon Islands....9364.92.0....53.479.1159Comoros....28051.13.0....35.080.2159Tanzania (United Republic of)0.553124460122.736.05.6e9.2e88.190.2161Mauritania0.64414251073.319.28.0e20.8e28.679.0162Lesotho0.55712662089.426.821.919.858.873.3163Senegal0.53711937094.442.77.215.465.988.0164Uganda0.529115310126.635.022.933.575.979.3165Benin0.61413435090.28.411.2e25.6e67.578.3166Sudan0.62814073084.024.112.8e18.2e31.276.0166Togo0.57912930091.515.415.3e45.1e80.781.2168Haiti0.59913235042.03.522.5e36.3e60.670.8169Afghanistan0.70514946086.827.65.8e34.0e15.779.7170Djibouti....20018.612.7....36.167.3171Cte d'Ivoire0.645143400130.310.413.7e29.9e52.281.5172Gambia0.624139360115.87.516.9e31.4e72.283.0173Ethiopia0.54712135078.425.57.818.278.289.4174Malawi0.591131460144.822.310.420.484.781.3175Liberia0.655145770117.411.715.7e39.2e58.264.7176Mali0.673148540175.610.27.715.150.681.4177Guinea-Bissau....79099.314.0....68.178.5178Mozambique0.657146490137.839.21.5e6.0e26.375.8179Guinea....610131.0......65.578.3180Burundi0.50110480030.334.95.2e9.3e83.281.8181Burkina Faso0.607133300115.415.70.93.277.190.1182Eritrea....24065.322.0....79.989.8183Sierra Leone0.643141890100.712.49.5e20.4e65.768.9184Chad0.7071501,100152.014.91.79.964.079.2185Central African Republic0.65414489098.312.5i10.3e26.2e72.585.1186Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.669147540135.38.310.7e36.2e70.773.2187Niger0.709151590204.813.32.5e7.6e39.989.8OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIESKorea (Democratic People's Rep. of)....810.615.6....72.384.2Marshall Islands........3.0........Monaco........20.8........Nauru........5.3........San Marino........18.3........Somalia....1,000110.413.8....37.275.6South Sudan......75.324.3........Tuvalu........6.7........Human Development GroupsVery high human development0.1971619.226.786.187.752.369.0High human development0.3154228.818.860.269.157.177.1Medium human development0.51318643.417.534.251.438.780.0Low human development0.58742792.320.014.328.955.778.4RegionsArab States0.54616445.413.832.946.424.773.2East Asia and the Pacific0.3317221.218.754.666.462.879.3Europe and Central Asia0.3173130.818.270.480.645.570.2Latin America and the Caribbean0.4167468.325.353.353.953.779.8South Asia0.53920238.717.828.449.930.780.7Sub-Saharan Africa0.578474109.721.721.931.963.676.3Least developed countries0.57138997.020.315.826.464.081.6Small island developing states0.47819561.523.050.455.252.873.3World0.45014547.421.154.164.250.676.7NOTESa. Data are annual average of projected values for 2010-2015.b. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.c. Refers to population ages 25-64.d. Refers to population ages 25-74.e. Barro and Lee (2013) estimate for 2010 based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's Institute for Statistics.f. For calculating the Gender Inequality Index, a value of 0.1% was used.g. The figure does not include the 36 special rotating delegates appointed on an ad hoc basis.h. The estimate refers to 2012.i. Refers to an earlier year than that specified.DEFINITIONSGender Inequality Index: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/en for details on how the Gender Inequality Index is calculated.Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births.Adolescent birth rate: Number of births to women ages 1519 per 1,000 women ages 1519.Share of seats in national parliament: Proportion of seats held by women in a lower/ single house or /and an upper house/ senate expressed as percentage of total seats. For countries with bicameral legislative systems, the share of seats is calculated based on both houses.Population with at least some secondary education: Percentage of the population ages 25 and older who have reached (but not necessarily completed) a secondary level of education.Labour force participation rate: Proportion of a countrys working-age population (ages 15 and older) that engages in the labour market, either by working or actively looking for work, expressed as a percentage of the working-age population.MAIN DATA SOURCESColumn 1: HDRO calculations based on UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (2013), UNDESA (2013a), IPU (2013), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and ILO (2013a).Column 2: HDRO calculationsColumn 3: UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (2013)Column 4: UNDESA (2013a).Column 5: IPU (2013).Columns 6 and 7: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).Columns 8 and 9: ILO (2013a)

Table 5Table 5: Gender-related development index (GDI)Gender-related development indexLife expectancy at birthMean years of schoolingExpected years of schoolingEstimated GNI per capitaaHuman development index value(years)(years)(years)(2011 PPP$)Female to male ratio of HDIGDI rankbFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleHDI ranksCountry201320132013201320132002-2012c2000-2012c2000-2012c2000-2012c20132013VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT1Norway0.99750.9400.94383.679.412.712.618.216.956,99470,8072Australia0.975400.9200.94484.880.312.513.120.319.435,55147,5533Switzerland0.953760.8950.93984.980.211.513.115.615.842,56165,2784Netherlands0.968510.8990.92982.979.111.612.218.017.834,49750,4325United States0.99570.9110.91581.376.513.012.917.415.741,79263,1636Germany0.962610.8920.92883.178.312.613.316.216.433,02853,4457New Zealand0.971470.8960.92383.079.212.512.620.218.526,69538,6568Canada0.986240.8930.90683.679.312.312.216.215.434,61249,2729Singapore0.967520.8780.90884.779.89.7d10.7d15.5e15.3e50,00195,329f10Denmark0.989170.8950.90681.577.311.912.317.616.337,10648,74211Ireland0.965560.8810.91382.978.611.711.518.518.723,87243,09212Sweden1.00460.8980.89483.979.711.8d11.4d16.615.138,07148,36513Iceland0.982300.8830.89983.980.310.810.019.917.627,61242,52014United Kingdom0.993130.8870.89482.578.612.811.816.715.827,58942,63215Hong Kong, China (SAR)0.969490.8740.90286.480.49.810.315.315.440,05166,41715Korea (Republic of)0.940850.8600.91584.878.111.112.516.117.821,79538,99017Japan0.951790.8630.90787.080.111.211.815.115.422,38451,90618Liechtenstein................13.816.4....19Israel0.984290.8790.89383.679.912.612.516.115.224,63635,40220France0.989170.8780.88885.278.310.911.416.315.629,58044,13921Austria0.935910.8340.89283.678.58.910.615.915.325,17061,54321Belgium0.977380.8660.88783.178.010.5d10.7d16.516.030,21349,07721Luxembourg0.961660.8610.89683.078.010.911.714.013.841,35176,196f24Finland1.00680.8810.87683.777.410.310.217.616.432,12342,79525Slovenia1.00680.8760.87182.876.411.812.017.915.821,76231,91626Italy0.962610.8520.88685.079.69.710.616.815.822,30343,64027Spain0.985250.8610.87485.378.99.59.717.516.823,48737,80428Czech Republic0.969490.8440.87180.774.612.112.516.915.916,23333,09829Greece0.959690.8330.86883.178.49.910.416.616.417,79131,70730Brunei Darussalam0.981310.8390.85680.576.78.68.814.914.252,83188,46831Qatar0.979320.8380.85679.577.810.18.714.013.945,863141,468f32Cyprus0.940850.8170.86981.877.910.712.614.013.919,78733,46133Estonia1.042700.8560.82179.669.112.311.717.515.519,41027,98534Saudi Arabia0.8971120.7730.86177.673.98.09.215.915.416,19778,68935Lithuania1.036580.8480.81878.266.012.312.417.316.019,58828,60735Poland1.010140.8370.82880.572.311.911.716.314.716,46226,87137Andorra........................37Slovakia1.00010.8290.82979.271.511.6g11.5g15.614.519,45031,55439Malta0.954750.8070.84682.077.59.510.314.714.318,83235,21740United Arab Emirates0.958700.8000.83578.276.110.28.713.9g12.9g23,90372,65941Chile0.962610.8030.83582.777.19.69.915.315.014,33927,41041Portugal0.970480.8080.83382.976.98.08.516.516.117,84630,81743Hungary0.99840.8160.81878.670.511.2d11.4d15.715.117,23325,66344Bahrain0.961660.7980.83177.575.99.19.615.1h13.7h24,53136,66044Cuba0.962610.7960.82781.377.310.1g10.3g15.113.913,30226,31946Kuwait0.987220.8010.81275.573.57.96.815.214.243,134114,532f47Croatia0.987220.8070.81880.473.710.511.615.213.915,77722,50948Latvia1.033520.8230.79777.566.711.5d11.5d16.314.818,62426,41549Argentina1.00120.8060.80579.972.610.09.617.515.411,97522,849HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT50Uruguay1.015250.7930.78180.673.78.78.216.614.413,78922,73051Bahamas........78.272.111.111.1....17,93425,04751Montenegro........77.272.59.9i11.2i15.514.8....53Belarus1.021320.7930.77775.864.211.4i11.7i16.315.212,65520,73054Romania0.973430.7710.79377.570.310.411.014.513.712,00523,14855Libya0.931930.7490.80577.373.57.57.516.415.910,64932,67856Oman........79.074.8....13.913.417,34656,42457Russian Federation1.038610.7920.76374.461.811.711.814.513.518,22827,74158Bulgaria0.99480.7750.77977.370.010.6d10.5d14.514.112,53918,43059Barbados1.021320.7840.76777.873.09.59.217.213.811,16516,05460Palau............12.212.614.612.9....61Antigua and Barbuda........78.373.5....13.713.8....62Malaysia0.935910.7430.79477.472.79.29.912.712.713,18730,98463Mauritius0.957720.7500.78477.170.38.09.115.915.210,98022,72664Trinidad and Tobago0.99480.7630.76773.666.410.910.612.512.119,07931,71365Lebanon0.9001100.7150.79482.378.17.6i8.2i13.013.37,19925,03865Panama0.978360.7530.77080.574.89.6g9.2g12.911.910,79821,85067Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)0.99920.7590.76077.771.78.78.415.313.111,92422,18068Costa Rica0.973430.7510.77282.277.88.48.313.913.29,71916,20469Turkey0.8841180.7040.79678.771.86.48.713.815.08,81328,31870Kazakhstan1.015250.7620.75172.361.010.2g10.5g15.414.714,36924,90271Mexico0.940850.7280.77579.875.18.18.812.912.610,06022,02071Seychelles........78.169.09.4i9.4i12.111.1....73Saint Kitts and Nevis................13.412.4....73Sri Lanka0.961660.7200.74977.471.210.7g9.4g13.913.45,07813,61675Iran (Islamic Republic of)0.8471280.6720.79376.172.27.18.615.015.34,15922,63176Azerbaijan0.952770.7230.75973.967.610.5i11.2i11.611.910,96820,54177Jordan0.8421300.6580.78175.672.39.410.413.513.12,87519,45977Serbia........76.971.39.2g9.9g14.113.2....79Brazil........77.670.47.3g7.2g....10,85117,81379Georgia0.941840.7130.75877.870.511.9j12.4j12.812.84,2319,87179Grenada........75.370.3....16.315.3....82Peru0.957720.7200.75377.672.28.59.613.213.18,94213,60783Ukraine1.012210.7380.72974.462.811.211.415.314.96,45010,27984Belize0.963600.7140.74277.170.99.2g9.3g14.113.36,16312,57184The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia0.944830.7080.75077.572.97.9j8.5j13.413.27,91315,56386Bosnia and Herzegovina........78.973.87.2i9.5i....6,38112,62887Armenia0.99480.7250.72978.071.310.8g10.8g13.611.25,48610,28288Fiji0.937890.6790.72573.067.09.810.014.113.74,10010,21489Thailand0.990140.7180.72577.871.17.07.713.412.711,72815,06990Tunisia0.8911160.6690.75178.373.65.57.515.014.04,75116,22691China0.939880.6960.74076.774.16.98.213.012.89,28813,51291Saint Vincent and the Grenadines........74.770.4....13.413.17,54113,08593Algeria0.8431290.6290.74672.769.45.97.814.213.83,69521,21993Dominica........................95Albania0.957720.6940.72580.674.69.19.510.310.36,70411,73496Jamaica0.989170.7030.71176.171.09.89.212.411.56,4069,99097Saint Lucia........77.572.2....12.511.87,59710,96698Colombia0.972460.6970.71877.770.47.07.113.512.97,69815,48598Ecuador........79.473.77.47.8g....7,04512,951100Suriname0.974410.6930.71174.367.97.38.012.911.29,87420,329100Tonga0.966540.6820.70675.769.89.2d9.5d14.013.43,9836,642102Dominican Republic........76.770.47.77.2....7,51414,172MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT103Maldives0.936900.6730.71879.076.95.4d6.2d12.812.57,50412,608103Mongolia1.021320.7050.69171.663.78.58.215.614.47,2999,654103Turkmenistan........69.861.4........7,71415,479106Samoa0.948810.6700.70776.570.210.310.313.3k12.5k2,8686,436107Palestine, State of0.974410.6120.62875.071.58.4i9.3i14.012.51,6518,580108Indonesia0.923980.6540.70972.968.86.98.112.812.75,87312,030109Botswana0.964580.6690.69466.862.18.79.011.711.611,49118,054110Egypt0.8551250.6170.72273.668.85.37.512.713.34,22516,522111Paraguay0.966540.6640.68774.670.17.57.912.211.75,9849,150112Gabon........64.562.48.46.4....14,00319,919113Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.931930.6420.69069.565.18.4g10.0g12.913.44,4066,701114Moldova (Republic of)0.990140.6590.66672.865.09.6g10.0g12.111.64,1965,979115El Salvador0.965560.6480.67277.167.86.16.912.012.35,3839,302116Uzbekistan0.945820.6370.67471.765.09.5j9.9j11.311.73,5796,893117Philippines0.989170.6520.65972.265.48.8d8.5d11.511.14,9877,771118South Africa........58.854.79.810.1....8,53915,233118Syrian Arab Republic0.8511270.5880.69177.871.86.17.112.012.11,9229,478120Iraq0.8021370.5560.69373.265.94.46.78.711.44,24623,555121Guyana0.985250.6290.63868.963.69.0g8.1g11.79.93,9938,613121Viet Nam........80.571.35.25.7....4,1475,655123Cape Verde........78.871.1....13.612.94,2668,480124Micronesia (Federated States of)........69.968.05.69.2........125Guatemala0.9101040.5960.65575.668.55.06.410.311.14,4569,397125Kyrgyzstan0.976390.6180.63371.963.49.3g9.3g12.712.32,2283,837127Namibia0.978360.6160.63167.161.76.36.111.411.37,28811,196128Timor-Leste0.8751220.5740.65669.166.03.6l5.3l11.312.05,63413,582129Honduras0.929950.5900.63476.271.55.35.712.111.22,4745,800129Morocco0.8281320.5450.65872.769.13.25.610.611.63,21510,692131Vanuatu0.9001100.5810.64673.869.78.010.010.210.92,0223,264132Nicaragua0.9121020.5830.63977.971.84.86.710.810.32,8215,743133Kiribati........71.866.1....12.711.9....133Tajikistan0.952770.5910.62170.864.110.0g9.7g10.412.01,9392,906135India0.8281320.5190.62768.364.73.25.611.311.82,2777,833136Bhutan........68.768.0....12.512.35,4197,942136Cambodia0.9091050.5330.58774.569.13.2g5.0g10.311.52,4103,220138Ghana0.8841180.5370.60762.160.25.98.110.912.12,9374,138139Lao People's Democratic Republic0.8971120.5370.59969.766.93.85.49.510.83,8064,902140Congo0.928960.5430.58560.257.45.56.710.911.34,2225,597141Zambia0.9131010.5340.58560.056.35.87.213.013.92,3443,455142Bangladesh0.9081070.5280.58271.569.94.65.610.39.71,9283,480142Sao Tome and Principe0.8941150.5240.58668.364.34.0l5.5l11.411.22,0014,248144Equatorial Guinea........54.651.7....6.910.017,76925,977LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT145Nepal0.9121020.5140.56469.667.32.44.212.512.21,8572,554146Pakistan0.7501450.4470.59667.565.73.36.16.98.41,7077,439147Kenya0.9081070.5080.56063.659.85.4g7.1g10.711.31,7632,554148Swaziland0.8771210.4930.56248.349.67.46.810.911.83,7387,384149Angola........53.450.4....8.714.05,0807,587150Myanmar........67.263.14.13.8....3,3624,673151Rwanda0.950800.4630.48765.762.43.13.610.310.21,2631,550152Cameroon0.8721230.4680.53756.253.95.16.79.511.22,0623,052152Nigeria0.8391310.4580.54652.852.24.2l6.3l8.29.84,0686,594154Yemen0.7381460.4150.56264.561.81.23.87.710.61,7756,080155Madagascar0.917990.4760.51966.263.24.8k5.6k10.210.51,1021,566156Zimbabwe0.9091050.4680.51560.858.86.7g7.8g9.19.51,1241,496157Papua New Guinea........64.660.43.28.4....2,1402,754157Solomon Islands........69.266.3....8.89.79401,816159Comoros........62.359.5....12.313.27982,201159Tanzania (United Republic of)0.9161000.4660.50962.960.24.55.89.09.31,5011,903161Mauritania0.8011380.4250.53063.160.02.64.98.18.31,3624,592162Lesotho0.973430.4740.48849.549.26.8d4.6d11.610.62,2173,395163Senegal0.8641240.4490.52064.961.93.4g5.6g7.88.11,6422,717164Uganda0.8961140.4560.50960.458.04.36.410.610.91,1671,502165Benin0.8221340.4280.52060.757.92.04.49.412.71,4551,999166Sudan........63.960.32.53.8....1,6925,153166Togo0.8031360.4010.49957.455.63.36.78.511.99981,263168Haiti........65.061.23.26.7....1,3491,930169Afghanistan0.6021480.3300.54962.259.71.25.17.211.35033,265170Djibouti........63.460.2....5.96.91,9074,300171Cte d'Ivoire........51.650.03.15.4....1,8663,648172Gambia........60.257.52.03.6....1,3091,811173Ethiopia0.8531260.4010.47065.362.01.4l3.6l8.09.01,0901,515174Malawi0.8911160.3890.43755.455.13.4g5.1g10.810.7652777175Liberia0.7861400.3790.48261.559.62.35.68.912.4634868176Mali0.7711430.3500.45554.955.11.4d2.6d7.69.69142,076177Guinea-Bissau........55.852.81.4j3.4j....9071,275178Mozambique0.8791200.3430.39151.049.30.8l1.7l8.910.19391,086179Guinea0.7851410.3440.43956.955.30.8l2.6l7.410.19131,370180Burundi0.9041090.3700.41056.152.22.23.39.610.7685815181Burkina Faso0.924970.3760.40756.955.71.9j1.1j7.08.01,3351,871182Eritrea........65.260.5....3.74.69861,309183Sierra Leone0.7991390.3290.41245.845.32.03.86.18.41,6172,016184Chad0.7621440.3190.41952.150.30.62.35.98.91,2891,953185Central African Republic0.7761420.2960.38252.148.32.34.95.98.6482698186Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.8221340.3040.36951.848.22.14.18.410.9390499187Niger0.7141470.2750.38558.658.30.82.14.86.14711,268OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIESKorea (Democratic People's Rep. of)........73.466.4............Marshall Islands................12.011.4....Monaco........................Nauru................9.98.9....San Marino................15.914.7....Somalia........56.753.4............South Sudan........56.354.2............Tuvalu................11.410.3....Human Development GroupsVery high human development0.9750.8740.89683.077.411.611.816.715.826,67753,683High human development0.9460.7100.75076.872.37.58.513.413.19,42616,966Medium human development0.8750.5650.64670.065.94.76.411.411.83,1998,619Low human development0.8340.4460.53560.558.23.15.18.39.82,0113,789RegionsArab States0.8660.6260.72272.268.44.96.712.112.86,99123,169East Asia and the Pacific0.9430.6820.72475.872.36.87.912.812.68,15412,488Europe and Central Asia0.9380.7050.75275.467.38.89.813.413.87,28717,867Latin America and the Caribbean0.9630.7160.74478.071.87.78.013.613.08,96218,732South Asia0.8300.5220.62968.965.73.55.810.811.42,3847,852Sub-Saharan Africa0.8670.4600.53158.055.63.75.48.810.12,4923,812Least developed countries0.8590.4470.52062.860.32.94.59.010.11,5762,629Small island developing states......72.467.7....13.512.86,99312,017World0.9200.6550.71273.068.86.07.412.012.38,95618,277NOTESa. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 4 at http://hdr.undp.org/en/ for details on the methodology.b. Countries are ranked by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI.c. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.d. HDRO updates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and Barro and Lee (2013) methodology.e. Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.f. For the purpose of calculating the HDI for men, estimated earned income is capped at $75,000.g. Based on 2011 Global Education Digest, UNESCO Institute for Statisticsh. Based on data on school life expectancy from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Data Center. Accessed in May 2013.i. Based on the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) estimate of educational attainment distribution.j. HDRO calculations based on recent MICS data.k. HDRO calculations based on the 2011 Population Census data from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (2013).l. HDRO estimate based on country's most recent DHS data.DefinitionsFemale to male ratio: Ratio of female to male Human Development Index (HDI) value (see also definition of HDI).Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 http://hdr.undp.org/en/ for details on the methodology.Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants life.Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the childs life.Estimated earned income Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Derived on the basis of the ratio of female to male wage, female and male shares of economically active population, and GNI (constant 2011 PPP$). For details of the estimation see Technical Note 3.Main Data SourcesColumn 1: Calculated based on data from columns 3 and 4.Columns 2-4: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2013a), Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), UN Statistics Division(2014), World Bank (2014) and IMF (2014).Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2013a).Columns 7 and 8:Column 3: Barro and Lee (2013), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and HDRO estimates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013) and on methodology from Barro and Lee (2013).Columns 9 and 10: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculated based on ILO (2013a), UNDESA (2013a) and World Bank (2014).

Table 6Table 6: Multidimensional Poverty IndexMultidimensional Poverty IndexaRevised specificationsbSpecifications (2010)cPopulation in multidimensional povertydPopulation near multidimensional povertyPopulation in severe povertyContribution of deprivation in dimension to overall poverty(%)Population below income poverty line(%)IndexHeadcountIndexHeadcountHeadcountdIntensity of deprivationdddEducationdHealthdLiving standardsdPPP $1.25 a dayNational poverty lineYear / SurveyeValue(%)Value%('000)(%)(%)(%)2002-2012f2002-2012fAfghanistan2010/2011 M0.293g58.8g0.353g66.2g17116g49.9g16.0g29.8g45.6g19.2g35.2g..36Albania2008/2009 D0.0051.20.0051.43838.37.20.122.447.130.50.6212.4Argentina2005 N0.015h3.7h0.011h2.9h1438h39.1h5.2h0.5h38.2h27.8h34.0h0.92..Armenia2010 D0.0020.60.0010.31837.03.00.13.487.88.72.4735.8Azerbaijan2006 D0.0092.40.0215.321038.211.50.220.050.729.30.436Bangladesh2011 D0.23749.50.25351.27561047.818.821.028.426.644.943.2531.51Belarus2005 M0.0010.40.0000.04134.51.10.02.689.77.70.076.3Belize2011 M0.0307.40.0184.62341.26.41.536.234.829.0....Benin2006 D0.401i69.8i0.412i71.8i5897i57.4i18.8i45.7i35.0i24.9i40.1i47.3336.2Bhutan2010 M0.12829.40.11927.221143.518.08.840.326.333.41.6612Bolivia (Plurinational State of)2008 D0.09720.60.08920.5202247.017.37.821.927.950.215.6151.3Bosnia and Herzegovina2011/2012 M0.006j1.7j0.002j0.5j65j37.3j3.2j0.0j7.8j79.5j12.7j0.0414Brazil2012 N0.012g,l3.1g,l6083g,l40.8g,l7.4g,l0.5g,l27.7g,l38.4g,l33.9g,l6.1421.4Burkina Faso2010 D0.50882.80.53584.01287561.37.663.839.022.538.544.646.7Burundi2010 D0.44281.80.45480.8755354.012.048.225.026.348.881.3266.9Cambodia2010 D0.21146.80.21245.9672145.120.416.425.927.746.418.620.5Cameroon2011 D0.26048.20.24846.01018754.117.827.124.531.344.29.5639.9Central African Republic2010 M0.42476.30.43077.6332055.615.748.523.826.250.0China2009 N0.026l,m6.0l,m0.036l,m8.8l,m80784l,m43.4l,m19.0l,m1.3l,m21.0l,m44.4l,m34.6l,m11.8Colombia2010 D0.0327.60.0225.4353442.210.21.834.324.741.08.1632.7Congo2011/2012 D0.19243.00.18139.7186644.726.212.210.632.856.654.146.5Congo (Democratic Republic of the)2010 M0.39974.40.39274.04627853.715.546.218.525.555.987.7271.3Cote d'Ivoire2011/2012 D0.30759.30.31058.71177251.717.932.436.525.837.723.7542.7Djibouti2006 M0.12726.90.13929.321247.316.011.136.122.741.218.84..Dominican Republic2007 D0.0266.20.0184.659941.910.81.436.230.433.32.2440.9Egypt2008 D0.036k8.9k0.024k6.0k6740k40.3k8.6k1.5k41.8k45.6k12.6k1.6925.2Ethiopia2011 D0.53788.20.56487.37888760.96.767.027.425.247.430.6529.6Gabon2012 D0.07316.70.07016.527343.419.94.415.243.840.94.8432.7Gambia2005/2006 M0.32960.80.32460.490154.115.735.934.030.535.533.6348.4Georgia2005 M0.0082.20.0030.89937.64.10.17.467.425.217.9924.7Ghana2011 M0.14430.50.13930.4755947.318.712.127.727.145.228.5928.5Guinea2005 D0.54886.50.50682.5828363.47.768.634.422.343.343.3455.2Guinea-Bissau2006 M0.49580.40.46277.5116861.610.558.430.527.941.648.969.3Guyana2009 D0.0317.80.0307.76140.018.81.216.851.232.0....Haiti2012 D0.24250.20.24849.4510448.122.220.124.823.451.8....Honduras2011/2012 D0.098i20.7i0.072i15.8i1642i47.4i28.6i7.2i36.6i23.1i40.3i17.9260India2005/2006 D0.28255.30.28353.763199951.118.227.822.732.544.832.6821.9Indonesia2012 D0.024g5.9g0.066g15.5g14574g41.3g8.1g1.1g24.7g35.1g40.2g16.2012Iraq2011 M0.05213.30.04511.6423639.47.42.550.138.611.32.8222.9Jordan2009 D0.0041.00.0082.46436.84.10.133.756.310.00.1213.3Kazakhstan2010/2011 M0.0041.10.0010.217336.42.30.04.383.911.80.113.8Kenya2008/2009 D0.22648.20.22947.81919047.029.115.711.232.456.443.3745.9Kyrgyzstan2005/2006 M0.0133.40.0194.917337.910.10.35.063.931.25.0338Lao People's Democratic Republic2011/2012 M0.18636.80.17434.1244750.518.518.837.725.436.933.8827.6Lesotho2009 D0.22749.50.15635.398445.920.418.214.833.851.443.4156.6Liberia2007 D0.45981.90.48583.9288356.112.952.830.421.847.883.7663.8Madagascar2008/2009 D0.42077.00.35766.91577454.611.748.031.624.543.981.2975.3Malawi2010 D0.33266.70.33466.71001249.824.529.818.927.753.461.6450.7Maldives2009 D0.0082.00.0185.2637.58.50.127.860.211.91.48..Mali2006 D0.53385.60.55886.61054562.47.866.837.422.640.150.4343.6Mauritania2007 M0.36266.00.35261.7219754.912.842.333.518.248.323.4342Mexico2012 N0.0246.00.0112.8727239.910.11.131.425.643.00.7252.3Moldova (Republic of)2005 D0.0051.30.0071.94938.85.20.217.746.635.60.3916.6Mongolia2005 M0.07718.30.06515.846242.019.04.213.535.750.8..27.4Montenegro2005/2006 M0.012j3.0j0.006j1.5j19j40.1j1.3j0.5j21.0j63.8j15.3j0.129.3Mozambique2011 D0.39070.20.38969.61724655.614.844.130.422.347.359.5854.7Namibia2006/2007 D0.20042.10.18739.687647.522.615.714.833.451.831.9128.7Nepal2011 D0.19741.40.21744.21125547.418.118.627.328.244.524.8225.2Nicaragua2011/2012 D0.08819.40.07240116.1114645.614.86.937.812.649.6Niger2012 D0.58489.80.60589.31540865.05.973.535.924.040.043.6259.5Nigeria2011 M0.23943.30.24043.37101455.217.025.726.932.640.467.9846Pakistan2012/2013 D0.23745.60.23044.28304552.014.926.536.232.331.621.0422.3Palestine (State of)2006/2007 N0.0072.00.0051.47436.97.40.116.672.311.10.0421.9Peru2012 D0.04310.40.04310.5313241.412.32.119.429.850.84.9125.8Philippines2008 D0.038g,n7.3g,n0.064g,n13.4g,n6559g,n51.9g,n12.2g,n5.0g,n37.1g,n25.7g,n37.2g,n18.4226.5Rwanda2010 D0.35270.80.35069.0766949.717.934.623.827.249.063.1744.9Sao Tome and Principe2008/2009 D0.21747.50.15434.58245.521.516.429.126.544.4..61.7Senegal2010/2011 D0.39069.40.43974.4924756.214.445.136.733.130.229.6146.7Serbia2010 M0.0010.30.0000.12539.93.10.024.748.626.70.219.2Sierra Leone2010 M0.40572.70.38872.5418055.816.746.424.228.347.451.7152.9Somalia2006 M0.50081.80.51481.2710461.18.363.633.718.847.5....South Africa2012 N0.04110.30.04411.1540039.617.11.38.461.430.213.7723Suriname2010 M0.033j7.6j0.024j5.9j40j43.1j4.7j2.0j31.0j37.2j31.8j....Swaziland2010 M0.11325.90.08620.430943.520.57.413.741.045.340.6363Syrian Arab Republic2006 M0.0246.40.0215.5119738.07.70.944.443.112.51.71..Tajikistan2012 D0.0317.90.05413.262939.023.41.213.452.634.06.5646.7Tanzania (United Republic of)2010 D0.33566.40.33265.62984250.421.532.116.928.254.967.8728.2Thailand2005/2006 M0.0041.00.0061.666438.84.40.119.451.329.40.3813.2The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia2011 M0.007j1.7j0.002j0.7j36j38.4j2.4j0.1j18.5j57.2j24.3j0.619Timor-Leste2009/2010 D0.32264.30.36068.169450.121.431.520.030.449.6..49.9Togo2010 M0.26050.90.25049.8320751.220.326.428.925.046.128.2258.7Trinidad and Tobago2006 M0.007g1.7g0.020g5.6g23g38.0g0.5g0.2g2.2g86.1g11.7g....Tunisia2011/2012 M0.0061.50.0041.216139.33.20.233.748.218.1Uganda2011 D0.35970.30.36769.92471251.120.633.318.030.251.938.0124.5Ukraine2007 D0.002g0.6g0.008g2.2g264g34.3g0.2g0.0g1.0g95.1g3.8g0.022.9Uzbekistan2006 M0.0133.50.0082.393536.66.20.13.783.412.8....Vanuatu2007 M0.13531.20.12930.16943.132.67.324.424.151.6....Viet Nam2010/2011 M0.0266.40.0174.2579640.78.71.335.925.738.416.8520.7Yemen2006 M0.191g37.5g0.283g52.5g7741g50.9g16.7g18.4g33.4g21.3g45.3g17.5334.8Zambia2007 D0.31862.80.32864.2760050.718.731.316.329.454.374.4560.5Zimbabwe2010/2011 D0.18141.00.17239.1548244.124.912.27.837.954.3..72.3NOTESa. Not all indicators were available for all countries, caution should be used in cross-country comparisons. Where data were missing, indicator weights are adjusted to total 100%.b. The revised specifications refer to somewhat modified definitions of deprivations in some indicators compared to their 2010 specifications.See Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org/en.c. Multidimensional poverty index obtained using the methodology introduced in 2010 and explained in Alkire and Santos (2010). For detailes visit http://www.ophi.org.uk/.d. Computation is based on the revised specifications as outlined in Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org/ene. D indicates that data are from Demographic and Health Surveys, M indicates data are from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, and N indicates data from national surveys. The list of national surveys is given at http://hdr.undp.org.f. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.g. Missing indicators on nutritionh. Refers only to the urban part of the countryi. Missing indicator on electricityj. Mising indicator on child mortalityk. Missing indicator on cooking fuell. Missing Indicator on type of floorm. Refers only to a part of the country (9 provinces)n. Missing indicator on school attendanceDEFINITIONSMultidimensional Poverty Index: Percentage of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations. See Technical note 5 for details on how the Multidimensional Poverty Index is calculated.Multidimensional poverty headcount: Percentage of the population with a weighted deprivation score of at least 33 percent. It is also expressed in thousands of the population in the survey year.Intensity of deprivation of multidimensional poverty: Average percentage of deprivation experienced by people in multidimensional poverty.Population near multidimensional poverty: Percentage of the population at risk of suffering multiple deprivationsthat is, those with a deprivation score of 2033 percent.Population in severe poverty: Percentage of the population in severe multidimensional povertythat is, those with a deprivation score of 50 percent or more.Contribution of deprivation to overall poverty: Percentage of the Multidimensional Poverty Index attributed to deprivations in each dimension.Population below PPP $1.25 a day: Percentage of the population living below the international poverty line $1.25 (in purchasing power parity terms) a day.Population below national poverty line: Percentage of the population living below the national poverty line, which is the poverty line deemed appropriate for a country by its authorities. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.MAIN DATA SOURCESColumns 1 and 2: Calculated from various household surveys, including ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and several national household surveys conducted between 2005 and 2012.Columns 2,3,6-12: HDRO calculations based on data on household deprivations in education, health and living standards from various household surveys listed in column 1 and consistent methodology described in Technical note 5 accessible at http://hdr.undp.org/en.Columns 4 and 5: Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (2014).Columns 13 -14: World Bank (2013a).

Table 6ATable 6 A: Multidimensional Poverty Index - changes over time for select countriesPopulation in multidimensional povertyaPopulation near multidimensional povertyPopulation in severe povertyContribution of deprivation to overall poverty (%)Multidimensional Poverty IndexbHeadcountIntensity of deprivationEducationHealthLiving standardsYear/ SurveycValue(%)('000)(%)(%)(%)Bangladesh2011 D0.23749.57561047.818.821.028.426.644.9Bangladesh2007 D0.29459.58718549.318.727.226.026.547.5Belize2011 M0.0307.42341.26.41.536.234.829.0Belize2006 M0.0286.91940.86.51.213.852.633.6Bosnia and Herzegovina2011/2012 M0.006d1.7d65d37.3d3.2d0.0d7.8d79.5d12.7dBosnia and Herzegovina2006 M0.013d3.5d134d38.1d5.3d0.1d7.9d76.3d15.8dBrazil2012 N0.012e,f3.1e,f6083e,f40.8e,f7.4e,f0.5e,f27.7e,f38.4e,f33.9e,fBrazil2006 N0.017g4.0g7578g41.4g11.2g0.7g41.4g20.4g38.2gBurkina Faso2010 D0.50882.81287561.37.663.839.022.538.5Burkina Faso2006 M0.53885.21177563.26.967.138.022.339.6Burundi2010 D0.44281.8755354.012.048.225.026.348.8Burundi2005 M0.485e87.9e6833e55.2e8.5e53.5e37.8e11.1e51.1eCambodia2010 D0.21146.8672145.120.416.425.927.746.4Cambodia2005 D0.28258.0774648.717.526.429.026.344.7Cameroon2011 D0.26048.21018754.117.827.124.531.344.2Cameroon2006 M0.304d51.8d9644d58.7d14.0d35.9d24.8d31.7d43.5dCentral African Republic2010 M0.42476.3332055.615.748.523.826.250.0Central African Republic2006 M0.46480.5324557.712.154.530.224.345.6Congo2011/2012 D0.19243.0186644.726.212.210.632.856.6Congo2009 D0.154e32.7e1308e47.1e29.9e15.1e16.2e25.6e58.2eCote d'Ivoire2011/2012 D0.30759.31177251.717.932.436.525.837.7Cote d'Ivoire2005 D0.269e,g50.0e,g8693e,g53.9e,g22.7e,g26.7e,g42.8e,g20.8e,g36.5e,gGhana2011 M0.14430.5755947.318.712.127.727.145.2Ghana2008 D0.18639.2905747.420.315.426.528.545.0Guyana2009 D0.0317.86140.018.81.216.851.232.0Guyana2007 M0.0327.96140.110.71.516.944.838.3Haiti2012 D0.24250.2510448.122.220.124.823.451.8Haiti2005/2006 D0.31559.3556653.218.132.828.822.848.5Honduras2011/2012 D0.098h20.7h1642h47.4h28.6h7.2h36.6h23.1h40.3hHonduras2005/2006 D0.156h31.5h2214h49.6h26.6h13.3h38.4h22.6h39.0hIndonesia2012 D0.024e5.9e14574e41.3e8.1e1.1e24.7e35.1e40.2eIndonesia2007 D0.043e10.1e23432e42.4e15.4e2.3e30.4e21.0e48.7eIraq2011 M0.05213.3423639.47.42.550.138.611.3Iraq2006 M0.07718.5518241.815.04.345.733.920.4Kazakhstan2010/2011 M0.0041.117336.42.30.04.383.911.8Kazakhstan2006 M0.0071.827738.54.70.25.573.421.2Lao People's Democratic Republic2011/2012 M0.18636.8244750.518.518.837.725.436.9Lao People's Democratic Republic2006 M0.320d55.0d3242d58.3d11.1d35.2d32.3d32.6d35.2dMexico2012 N0.0246.0727239.910.11.131.425.643.0Mexico2006 N0.0286.9777940.910.71.632.029.039.0Mozambique2011 D0.39070.21724655.614.844.130.422.347.3Mozambique2009 D0.395e70.0e16343e56.5e14.7e43.2e31.3e20.3e48.4eNepal2011/2012 D0.19741.41125547.418.118.627.328.244.5Nepal2006 D0.31462.11591050.615.531.626.028.046.0Nicaragua2011 D0.08819.4114645.614.86.937.812.649.6Nicaragua2006/2007 D0.13727.9156149.215.312.938.112.349.7Niger2012 D0.58489.81540865.05.973.535.924.040.0Niger2006 D0.67793.41277472.53.486.135.224.540.3Nigeria2011 M0.23943.37101455.217.025.726.932.640.4Nigeria2008 D0.29453.88135754.718.231.427.230.842.0Pakistan2012/2013 D0.23745.68304552.014.926.536.232.331.6Pakistan2006/2007 D0.218e43.5e71378e50.0e13.2e21.7e43.0e19.7e37.3ePeru2012 D0.04310.4313241.412.32.119.429.850.8Peru2011 D0.05112.2360742.212.32.820.229.050.8Peru2010 D0.05613.2385942.114.33.118.330.351.4Peru2008 D0.06916.1460542.753.815.117.929.153.0Rwanda2010 D0.35270.8766949.717.934.623.827.249.0Rwanda2005 D0.48186.5815555.69.760.423.322.354.4Senegal2010/2011 D0.39069.4924756.214.445.136.733.130.2Senegal2005 D0.43671.1801861.311.751.638.426.135.5Serbia2010 M0.0010.32539.93.10.024.748.626.7Serbia2005/2006 M0.011d3.0d296d38.3d3.8d0.3d18.1d60.1d21.8dSierra Leone2010 M0.40572.7418055.816.746.424.228.347.4Sierra Leone2008 D0.45179.7440956.612.551.732.022.745.3South Africa2012 N0.04110.3540039.617.11.38.461.430.2South Africa2008 N0.039f9.4f4701f41.5f21.4f1.4f13.4f45.6f41.1fSuriname2010 M0.033d7.6d40d43.1d4.7d2.0d31.0d37.2d31.8dSuriname2006 M0.0449.24647.46.33.636.721.142.2Tajikistan2012 D0.0317.962939.023.41.213.452.634.0Tajikistan2005 M0.05914.7100239.818.62.311.057.331.7The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia2011 M0.007d1.7d36d38.4d2.4d0.1d18.5d57.2d24.3dThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia2005 M0.0133.06442.27.10.750.722.327.0Togo2010 M0.26050.9320751.220.326.428.925.046.1Togo2006 M0.27753.1302152.220.328.831.423.245.4Uganda2011 D0.35970.32471251.120.633.318.030.251.9Uganda2006 D0.39974.52213153.618.241.517.130.452.5Zimbabwe2010/2011 D0.18141.0548244.124.912.27.837.954.3Zimbabwe2006 D0.19342.4539945.422.815.711.529.658.9NOTESa. Not all indicators were available for all countries; caution should thus be used in cross-country comparisons. Where data are missing, indicator weights are adjusted to total 100 percent.b. The Multidimensional Poverty Index is based on a set of revised specifications of deprivations in three dimensions - health, education and living standards outlined in Technical note 5 at http://hdr.undp.org/en.c. D indicates data are from Demographic and Health Surveys, M indicate