3 4

13

Subtropics

Tropics

1

2 5 6 1011

12

7

14

1516Equator

98

1.Niger delta 2.Nile delta

3.Danube delta 4.Volga river delta

5.Indus river delta 6.Ganges delta 7.Irrawaddy delta 8.Chao Phraya delta

9.Mekong delta 10.Pearl river delta 11.Yangtze river delta 12.Yellow river delta

13.Lena river delta 14.Mississippi delta 15.Orinoco delta 16.Amazonas delta

Seminar on “Establishment of international collaborating research network for open innovation

-Tropical Delta Network (TDN)-”

IRRI, 21 January 2015Prof. Mitsuru Osaki, PhD (Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University)

Proposal: Tropical Delta Network (TDN)

Technology Inovation：1) Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF): GIS information is very poor in tropical zone, because of heavy clouds. As Human-Ecology-Environment Hyperlinkage (HEEH) System is extreamly complex, it is almost impossible to apply conventional GIS for tropical ecosystem analysis, because of spectral number of sensor is small. Microsatellite and hyperspectral sensor （LCTF） innovate tropical real-time observation system.

2) Real time monitoring system: Microclimate/ Soil/ Water Information by compact sensors with real time data transference system

3) Mega data analysis system: a) Theories of analysis of large-scale time series data for different kinds of information, and for the prediction and detection of unusual eventsb) Theory of innovative visualization of results from mega data analysis

International Contribution: Tropical Delta Network (TDN） is established by integration of above innovated technologies, which contribute to Global Standard of Tropical HyperObservation Network (THON） , supporting UNFCCC, IPCC, CTCN, GSP, and Future Earth for Carbon Inventory, REDD+, LULUCF, Inclusive MRV, so on.

3 4

13

Subtropics

Tropics

1

25 6 10

11

12

7

14

15

16Equator

98

Main Delta in the World1.Niger delta2.Nile delta3.Danube delta 4.Volga river delta5.Indus river delta 6.Ganges delta 7.Irrawaddy delta 8.Chao Phraya delta9.Mekong delta10.Pearl river delta11.Yangtze river delta12.Yellow river delta13.Lena river delta14.Mississippi delta15.Orinoco delta16.Amazonas delta

Trait of Issues：Delta zone：Main Delta in the world locate 75% in tropical/subtropical region, which contribute high population densityHigh biodiversity zone: 1) Borneo, Amazon, and mountain area in South-East Asia, 2) costal and sea areas in South-east AsiaHigh carbon reservoir ecosystem (Peatland, Mangrove, and Coral) ：South-East Asia, Amazon, and Central AfricaNatural disaster zone：Sea level increasing and Drought/Flood by climate changeDriving force on climate change: 　 As Maritime area in South-East is very sallow and week currency, sea temperature increase easily, contributing low atmospheric pressure

Difficulty of Estimation：　１）As Human-Ecology-Environment Hyperlinkage (HEEH) System is extreamly complex, it is almost impossible to apply conventional GIS for tropical ecosystem analysis2) As clouds 　cover normally tropical/subtropical zone, it is difficult to satellite sensing, 3) Very few studies have been done in wetland/peatland/costal area

Issues of Ecology&Envirnment in Tropical/Subtropical Zone

3 4

13

Subtropics

Tropics

1

25 6 10

11

12

7

14

1516Equator

98

Main Delta in the World1.Niger delta2.Nile delta3.Danube delta 4.Volga river delta5.Indus river delta 6.Ganges delta 7.Irrawaddy delta 8.Chao Phraya delta9.Mekong delta10.Pearl river delta11.Yangtze river delta12.Yellow river delta13.Lena river delta14.Mississippi delta15.Orinoco delta16.Amazonas delta

Universities NetworkEgypt-Japan University for Science and Technology (E-JUST)Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology(MJIIT)King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)Vietnam-Japan University (VJU)/ 　 Can Tho University (CTU)Collaboration with Global SystemEarth SimulatorData Integration & Analysis System (DIAS) Collaboration with International ProgramFuture EarthUNFCCC/IPCCClimate Technology Center Network (CTCN)Global Soil Partnership (GSP)Sentinel Asia

TDN-Research/education networks

UniversityHokkaido University・・・・International InstituteIGES (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies)UNU・・・・CompanyＮＥＣHitachiFujitsu JapanＩＨＩ・・・

3 4

13

Subtropics

Tropics

1

25 6 10

11

12

7

14

1516Equator

98

Universities NetworkVietnam-Japan University (VJU) 　Can Tho University (CTU)etc

TDN-Research/education networks-Key Center is Mekong Delta-

Tropical HyperObservation Network

Reference

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 9.0 11.0 13.0

HISUI1 185 bands

VISIBLE INFRARED

WAVELENGTH（ μm ）

NEAR INFRA RED SHORT WAVE INFRA RED THERMAL INFRA RED

Geoeye-1

QuickBird

WorldView-2

Pleiades

IKONOS

RapidEye

SPOT5

SPOT6

Landsat7

Landsat8

ASTER

7.0

1 2 3 4 6 85 7 9 1011 12 13 14

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

8

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 65 7

1 2 3 4 65 87 9 10

HISUI Hyper (185 bands)

Visible BandsPanchromatic Hyper Data analysis

HISUILandsat7/8,QuickBird, IKONOS,SPOT5/6, Pleides, WorldView-2

Advanced technology of hyperspectral sensor “HISUI”

185 bands (10-12.5nm resolution)

USB cable

+5V DC

Multispectral Camera• Wide FOV lens• High-sensitive CCD• Liquid Crystal Tunable

Filter (LCTF) for Visible• 190 x 100 x 100 mm• 1.3 kg

Camera controller• 300 x 200 x 60 mm• 2.0 kg

Battery• 200 x 100 x 150

mm• 2.0 kg

SpecificationsWavelength range 420 - 700 nmBand width (FWHM) 8 - 25 nmResponse time < 0.3 secFrame rate > 3 frames /secNumber of pixels 659 x 494

Field of view 92 degree

Total weight : 6.3 kg

Windows-based PC• 200 x 160 x 60• 1.0 kg

Real Time Sensing System by LCTF

＊ Multiple End-member Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA)

• MESMA was done with the spectral library collected from K-mean unsupervised classification data

Hyperspectral Sensing by LCTF / HISUIHISUI (2016 ～ )

30 m Spatial resolution@ 10-12.5 nm, 185 bands

LCTF (2014 ～ )5 m resolution

@ 420~1050 nm, 630 band

Biodiversity Mapping(one tree mapping)(Y. Takahashi et al)

Forest Degradation Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Leaf Water Potential Mapping (JSS &

JAXA)

Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Crop Growth Stage Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Crop Yield Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Disease Mapping (Early detection of rice blast)

(JSS & JAXA)

Micro Satellite

Biomass Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Red ： Dead treesGreen-Yellow ： Water stressed

trees

Degree of Risk HighLow

10 micro-satellites in equatorial orbits enables 10-min interval monitoring

Smart Remote Sensing with Super-ConstellationSmart Remote Sensing with Super-Constellationby Asian Micro-satellite Consortium

141.20141.25141.30

141.35141.40

141.45141.50

370372374376378380382384386388390

42.9543.00

43.0543.10

43.1543.20

Altitude [600m]

CO2

[ppm

]

Lat. N [d

eg.]Lon. E [deg.]

FES-C

Wind

GOSAT

The ground base column concentration sensor with optical fiber technology (FES-C)

＊ Asia Maritime Continents is one of driving force of Asian and Global Climate

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) assume to affect on start and end of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, which depend strongly on cumulonimbus activity

Diagram of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)

Asia Maritime Continents

Global Sunder Network established by Hokkaido University

Strong relationship between cumulonimbus in West Pacific Ocean and and sunder activity in Asia Maritime Continents

Sunder Activity

Cumulonimbus in West Pacific Ocean

Inovation of Climate Change Model

PALSAR, AMSR-E (4), (5), (6), (7)

GOSAT (1)

Satellite

Airborne/***UAV

Ground Tower(1)

Terra & Aqua

MODIS (2)

LiDAR (4), (6), (7)UAV*3(1), (3)

ASTER, Hisui (3), (4), (8)

(7)Peat subsidence

(5)Water level, & Soil

moisture

(3) Forest degradation & Species mapping

(1) CO2 Flux & Concentration

FES-C*1 (1)

*1:FES-C : Fiber Etalon Solar measurement of CO2

*2:VHR : Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data*3:UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle*4:LCTF: Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter

Lateral CO2 Flux

Vertical CO2 Flux

DGPS(7)DGPS(7)

Chamber(1)

Water Gauge(5)(6)Peat dome detection

& Peat thickness

Drilling(6)

(2) Wildfire detection & Hotspot

(8)Water soluble organic carbon

Red: InstrumentBlack: Target

(4) Deforestation & Forest biomass

change

Landsat, SPOT, TerraSAR,

AVNIR-2, VHR*2 Sensors (3), (4)

Inclusive MRV System in Delta-Only one MRV system in the world following UNFCCC TIER 3 level-

Micro-Satellite &

LCTF*4

Accumulated mega data

Design of advanced visualization techniques for results from mega data analysis

Experiments with visualization of information required for determining policy measures

Theories of analysis of large-scale time series data for different kinds of information, and for the prediction and detection of unusual events

Design of unusual event prediction and detection techniques from large-scale time series data for different kinds of information

Real-time analysis of large-scale time series data for different kinds of information

Application to satellite data

Theory of innovative visualization of results from mega data analysis

Smart Grids・ Estimating power demands with satellite data

Preservation of biodiversity・ Marine ecosystem analysis based on satellite data/ Detection of unusual events in the social-infrastructure and prediction of deterioration due to length of service by use in conjunction with satellite and sensor data

Bases for Mega Data Analysis

Disaster planning・ Prediction of damage from disasters and detection of unusual events based on satellite data

Agricultural ICT solutions・ Improvements in the efficiency of mutual aid in agricultural work based on satellite data/Improvements in the efficiency of agricultural work based on satellite data

Maintenance of social-infrastructure・ Detection and prediction of degrade and abnormality of social-infrastructure

Integrated analysis of large-scale time series

data for different kinds of information

Integration of the data stored in the cloud

Toward global sustainability research – Future Earth

Thanks for your attention!

Establishment of international collaborating research laboratory for open innovation

To solve global-scale issues, collaborating research lab.s for research cooperation or implementing new technologies are established at institutions of partner countries.Based on the results of previous cooperation, sustainable research collaboration will be supported by Japanese government under the condition of commitment by partner countries.

Strategically important areas and research topics are chosen as the targets.Young researchers and coordinators for implementing new technologies are dispatched to the partner countries for long term to make sustainable partnership.Social experiments and implementation which are impossible to be conducted in Japan are expected.

Example of contributions of partner countries Providing space to establish research lab.s A part of R&D expenses and salaries

Periods: 5 years (possibly to be extended up to 10 years)

India / ASEAN Countries1.2 million $ /year4 projects

Developing Countries850 thousands $ /year2 projects

Developed Countries1.7 million $ /year4 projects

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UNFCC-SBSTA 38 Research Dialogue -Developments in research activities relevant to the needs of the Convention-

4 June 2012, 15:00 - 18:00, Maritim Hotel, Bonn, Germany

Plenary II:  Emerging scientific findings: Ecosystems and GHG emissions and removals from sources, sinks and reservoirs, including from terrestrial ecosystems

UNFCCC workshop on “Technical and scientific aspects of ecosystems with high-carbon reservoirs not covered by other agenda items under the Convention” 24 to 25 October 2013, Bonn, Germany

1) Peatlands/Wetlands2) Costal Ecosystem (Mangrove/Coral/Sea grass/Wetlands)3) Permafrost